CN211570747U - Device for preparing nickel matte by reducing nickel-containing material - Google Patents
Device for preparing nickel matte by reducing nickel-containing material Download PDFInfo
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- CN211570747U CN211570747U CN201921056233.8U CN201921056233U CN211570747U CN 211570747 U CN211570747 U CN 211570747U CN 201921056233 U CN201921056233 U CN 201921056233U CN 211570747 U CN211570747 U CN 211570747U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device for preparing nickel matte by reducing nickel-containing materials. The device comprises a side-blown smelting furnace and an electrothermal reduction furnace, wherein a first inlet is formed in the top of the side-blown smelting furnace, an immersed side-blown spray gun is arranged on the side of the side-blown smelting furnace, a liquid-state fused matte slag outlet is formed in the lower part of the side-blown smelting furnace, a nickel-containing material and a reducing agent are introduced into the first inlet, the immersed side-blown spray gun is used for spraying fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the side-blown smelting furnace, and the side-blown smelting furnace is used for melting and pre-reducing the nickel-containing material in the presence of the fuel, the oxygen; the electric heating reduction furnace is provided with a liquid-state molten matte slag inlet, the liquid-state molten matte slag inlet is connected with the liquid-state molten matte slag outlet through a hot slag chute, and the electric heating reduction furnace is used for reducing the liquid-state molten matte slag and separating slag matte to obtain nickel matte. The device for preparing the nickel matte has the advantages of higher matte making efficiency, low energy consumption, higher nickel matte grade and higher recovery rate of nickel and cobalt.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal smelting field particularly, relates to a device of nickeliferous material preparation nickel matte of reduction.
Background
Nickel is known as an industrial vitamin as a strategic material. Nickel has excellent plasticity, corrosion resistance, magnetism and other properties, is mainly used in the fields of steel, nickel-based alloy, electroplating, batteries and the like, and is widely applied to various as-built manufacturing industries such as airplanes, radars and the like, civil machinery manufacturing industry, electroplating industry and the like. Along with the rapid development of social industry, the consumption of nickel is continuously increased, nickel sulfide ore is exhausted day by day, and the effective development and utilization of other nickel-containing materials, such as laterite-nickel ore and other related technologies, are paid more and more attention. The alloy products after nickel extraction from nickel-containing materials mainly comprise two types, one is ferronickel, and the other is nickel matte. The production of ferronickel is becoming increasingly saturated and nickel matte for the production of ternary materials is becoming increasingly appreciated.
At present, the method for preparing nickel matte by using the laterite nickel ore mainly comprises the processes of sintering furnace, blast furnace and rotary kiln, the laterite nickel ore is smelted by using the blast furnace, the energy consumption is huge, and the selective reduction can not be realized due to overhigh temperature of a core area of the blast furnace, so that the grade of the nickel matte obtained by reduction is too low, and is only 3-6%; on the other hand, the method is poor in environmental protection and cannot adapt to new environmental protection requirements. The laterite nickel ore smelted by the rotary kiln also has the problem of high energy consumption, and although the laterite nickel ore smelted by the rotary kiln has higher nickel matte grade than a blast furnace, the nickel matte grade is still only about 10%.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a device of nickeliferous material preparation nickel matte of reduction to adopt sintering furnace, blast furnace and rotary kiln technology preparation nickel matte to exist among the solution prior art the energy consumption big, the low-grade problem of nickel matte.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for preparing nickel matte by reducing a material containing nickel, comprising: the side-blown smelting furnace is provided with a first inlet at the top, an immersed side-blown spray gun at the side part and a liquid-state fused matte slag outlet at the lower part, wherein the first inlet is used for introducing nickel-containing materials and reducing agents, the immersed side-blown spray gun is used for injecting fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the side-blown smelting furnace, and the side-blown smelting furnace is used for melting and pre-reducing the nickel-containing materials in the presence of the fuel, the oxygen-enriched air and the reducing agents to obtain liquid-state fused matte slag; the electric heating reduction furnace is provided with a liquid-state molten matte slag inlet, the liquid-state molten matte slag inlet is connected with the liquid-state molten matte slag outlet through a hot slag chute, and the electric heating reduction furnace is used for reducing the liquid-state molten matte slag and separating slag matte to obtain nickel matte.
Further, the device also comprises a disc granulator, wherein the disc granulator is used for granulating the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent, the fusing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and an outlet of the disc granulator is connected with the first inlet.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: the bin is provided with a second inlet and a bin outlet, and the second inlet is connected with the outlet of the disc granulator; the quantitative feeder is provided with a third inlet and a feeding outlet, the third inlet is connected with the bin outlet, and the feeding outlet is connected with the first inlet.
Further, the side-blown smelting furnace still is provided with first exhanst gas outlet, and the device still includes: the first combustion unit is connected with the first flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the first flue gas discharged from the first flue gas outlet; the first waste heat recovery unit is provided with a first air inlet and a first exhaust port, and the first air inlet is connected with an outlet of the first combustion unit; and the first dust collecting unit is provided with a second air inlet, a second exhaust port and a first smoke outlet, and the second air inlet is connected with the first exhaust port.
Further, the first dust collection unit is an electric dust collector.
Further, electrothermal reduction furnace still is provided with second exhanst gas outlet, and the device still includes: the second combustion unit is connected with the second flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the second flue gas discharged from the second flue gas outlet; the second waste heat recovery unit is provided with a third air inlet and a third air outlet, and the third air inlet is connected with the outlet of the second combustion unit; and the second dust collecting unit is provided with a fourth air inlet, a fourth air outlet and a second smoke outlet, and the fourth air inlet is connected with the third air outlet.
Further, the second dust collection unit comprises a surface cooler and a bag dust collector which are sequentially connected in series.
Furthermore, the electric heating reduction furnace is also provided with a nickel matte outlet, and the device also comprises a converting converter, wherein the converting converter is connected with the nickel matte outlet.
Further, the converting converter is provided with a converter slag outlet, and the converter slag outlet is connected with the first inlet of the side-blown smelting furnace.
Furthermore, the converting converter is provided with a third flue gas outlet, and the device further comprises an acid making system, and the acid making system is connected with the third flue gas outlet.
Furthermore, the electric heating reduction furnace is provided with a reduced slag outlet, and the device also comprises a water quenching unit which is connected with the reduced slag outlet.
Utilize the utility model provides an above-mentioned device successively handles nickeliferous material through side-blown smelting furnace and electrothermal reduction furnace for nickeliferous material melts and reduces in advance in side-blown smelting furnace earlier, and the back carries out reduction and the separation of sediment matte in electrothermal reduction furnace. In the side-blown smelting furnace, oxygen-enriched air and fuel can be directly sprayed into a molten pool at the furnace side through an immersed side-blown spray gun to provide heat for melting and pre-reduction of nickel-containing materials, the heat utilization rate can be improved, immersed combustion flame is directly contacted with a melt, combustion smoke gas stirs the molten pool, mass transfer of the molten pool is strengthened, reaction is accelerated, and the laterite-nickel ore granular materials are quickly melted, so that the melting and pre-reduction process can be carried out in an oxygen-enriched state at a lower reduction temperature. This is advantageous on the one hand for saving energy consumption and on the other hand for increasing the selective reduction of nickel by lower reduction temperatures, thereby providing for a higher nickel matte grade. And then, introducing the liquid molten matte slag obtained by pre-reduction into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a hot slag chute to finish deep reduction at a higher temperature. The electric heating reduction furnace can control the reduction temperature more flexibly, the temperature is increased or decreased according to the property of the furnace charge, and the foam slag phenomenon can be avoided in the operation process, thereby further improving the nickel matte grade.
In a word, adopt the utility model provides a device reduction nickel-containing material preparation nickel matte, the matte making efficiency is higher, has reduced the energy consumption, has improved the grade of nickel matte simultaneously. In addition, the method for preparing the nickel matte has higher recovery rate of nickel and cobalt.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for producing nickel matte by reducing a material containing nickel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a side-blown smelting furnace and an electrothermal reduction furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 shows a process flow diagram for preparing nickel matte by reducing a nickel-containing material by a two-stage method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a side-blown smelting furnace; 20. an electrothermal reduction furnace; 30. a disc granulator; 40. a storage bin; 50. a constant feeder; 60. a first combustion unit; 70. a first waste heat recovery unit; 80. a first dust collecting unit; 90. a second combustion unit; 100. a second waste heat recovery unit; 110. a second dust collecting unit; 120. blowing a converter; 130. an acid making system; 140. a water quenching unit; 150. a dosing unit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As described in the background of the present invention, the prior art uses sintering furnace, blast furnace and rotary kiln to prepare nickel matte, which has the problems of high energy consumption and low grade of nickel matte.
In order to solve the above problem, the utility model provides a device for preparing nickel matte by reducing nickel-containing material, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device includes: the side-blown smelting furnace comprises a side-blown smelting furnace 10 and an electrothermal reduction furnace 20, wherein a first inlet is arranged at the top of the side-blown smelting furnace 10, an immersed side-blown spray gun is arranged at the side part of the side-blown smelting furnace, a liquid-state fused matte slag outlet is arranged at the lower part of the side-blown smelting furnace, the first inlet is used for introducing nickel-containing materials and reducing agents, the immersed side-blown spray gun is used for spraying fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the side-blown smelting furnace 10, and the side-blown smelting furnace 10 is used for melting and pre-reducing the nickel-containing materials in the presence; the electric heating reduction furnace 20 is provided with a liquid-state molten matte slag inlet, the liquid-state molten matte slag inlet is connected with a liquid-state molten matte slag outlet through a hot slag chute, and the electric heating reduction furnace 20 is used for reducing the liquid-state molten matte slag and separating slag matte to obtain nickel matte.
Utilize the utility model provides an above-mentioned device successively handles nickeliferous material through side-blown smelting furnace 10 and electrothermal reduction furnace 20 for nickeliferous material melts and reduces in advance in side-blown smelting furnace 10 earlier, carries out reduction and sediment matte separation in electrothermal reduction furnace 20 afterwards. In the side-blown smelting furnace 10, oxygen-enriched air and fuel can be directly sprayed into a molten pool at the furnace side through an immersed side-blown spray gun to provide heat for melting and pre-reduction of nickel-containing materials, the heat utilization rate can be improved, immersed combustion flame is directly contacted with a melt, combustion flue gas stirs the molten pool, mass transfer of the molten pool is strengthened, reaction is accelerated, and the laterite-nickel ore granular materials are quickly melted, so that the melting and pre-reduction process can be carried out in an oxygen-enriched state and at a lower reduction temperature. This is advantageous on the one hand for saving energy consumption and on the other hand for increasing the selective reduction of nickel by lower reduction temperatures, thereby providing for a higher nickel matte grade. Then, the liquid molten matte slag obtained by the pre-reduction is introduced into an electrothermal reduction furnace 20 through a hot slag chute, and the deep reduction is completed at a higher temperature. The reduction temperature can be more flexibly controlled by adopting the electrothermal reduction furnace 20, the temperature can be increased or decreased according to the property of the furnace charge, and the phenomenon of foaming slag can be avoided in the operation process, thereby further improving the nickel matte grade.
In a word, adopt the utility model provides a device reduction nickel-containing material preparation nickel matte, the matte making efficiency is higher, has reduced the energy consumption, has improved the grade of nickel matte simultaneously. In addition, the method for preparing the nickel matte has higher recovery rate of nickel and cobalt.
In order to further improve the pre-reduction effect of the nickel-containing material, improve the selective reduction degree of nickel, and simultaneously reduce the feeding difficulty and improve the slagging effect, in a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a disc granulator 30, wherein the disc granulator 30 is used for granulating the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent, the fusing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and an outlet of the disc granulator 30 is connected with the first inlet. More preferably, the apparatus further comprises a batching unit 150, the batching unit 150 is used for batching the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent, the fusing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and the batched raw materials are sent to the disc granulator 30 through a belt conveyor for granulation.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus further comprises: a bin 40 provided with a second inlet and a bin outlet, the second inlet being connected to the outlet of the disc granulator 30; the constant feeder 50 is provided with a third inlet and a feeding outlet, the third inlet is connected with the bin outlet, and the feeding outlet is connected with the first inlet. The arrangement can stably and quantitatively convey the raw materials into the side-blown smelting furnace 10, and is beneficial to maintaining the continuity and stability of the operation of the equipment.
The nickel-containing material generates flue gas during the melting and pre-reduction process in the side-blown smelting furnace 10, and in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the side-blown smelting furnace 10 is further provided with a first flue gas outlet, and the apparatus further comprises: the first combustion unit 60 is connected with the first flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the first flue gas discharged from the first flue gas outlet; a first waste heat recovery unit 70 having a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the first air inlet being connected to an outlet of the first combustion unit 60; the first dust collecting unit 80 has a second air inlet, a second air outlet and a first smoke outlet, and the second air inlet is connected to the first air outlet. The first combustion unit 60 can perform secondary combustion on combustible components in the first flue gas, the obtained flue gas has a higher temperature, and after the waste heat is recovered by the first waste heat recovery unit 70, the smoke and dust in the first flue gas are separated by the first dust collection unit 80. Through the device, the heat in the first flue gas is effectively recovered, and the smoke dust in the first flue gas is separated. It should be noted that, in addition to the dust collecting step, a part of the dust is also collected in the waste heat recovery step. Preferably, the smoke outlets of the first waste heat recovery unit 70 and the first dust collection unit 80 are connected to the dosing unit 150, and the mixture is returned to the dosing and granulating step, and is granulated after being dosed together with the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent and the like, and then enters the reduction process again. Preferably, the first dust collecting unit 80 is an electric dust collector due to the low temperature during the pre-reduction process.
Similarly, in order to treat the second flue gas discharged from the electrothermic reduction furnace 20, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the electrothermic reduction furnace 20 is further provided with a second flue gas outlet, and the apparatus further comprises: the second combustion unit 90 is connected with the second flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the second flue gas discharged from the second flue gas outlet; a second waste heat recovery unit 100 having a third air inlet and a third air outlet, the third air inlet being connected to the outlet of the second combustion unit 90; and the second dust collecting unit 110 is provided with a fourth air inlet, a fourth air outlet and a second smoke outlet, and the fourth air inlet is connected with the third air outlet. Therefore, secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment can be carried out on the second flue gas. Preferably, the smoke outlets of the second waste heat recovery unit 100 and the second dust collection unit 110 are connected with the dosing unit 150, and the mixture returns to the dosing and granulating step, and is granulated after being dosed together with the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent and the like, and enters the reduction process again.
Because the temperature during the reduction process is higher and the temperature of the second flue gas is higher, in a preferred embodiment, the second dust collecting unit 110 comprises a surface cooler and a bag dust collector which are sequentially connected in series. Preferably, the flue gas outlets of the first dust collecting unit 80 and the second dust collecting unit 110 are both connected with a desulfurization unit to perform desulfurization and purification treatment on the flue gas.
Preferably, the side-blown smelting furnace 10 is provided with two first flue gas outlets at the top, two liquid-state molten matte slag outlets at the lower part and a bottom discharge outlet at the bottom. The bottom discharge port can be arranged to discharge nickel matte in the furnace cleanly in the furnace repairing or accident state.
In order to further produce high nickel matte with higher nickel grade, in a preferred embodiment, the electrothermal reduction furnace 20 is further provided with a nickel matte outlet, and the apparatus further comprises an converting converter 120, and the converting converter 120 is connected with the nickel matte outlet. The converter 120 may be of a type commonly used in the art. More preferably, in order to effectively utilize resources, the converting converter 120 is provided with a converter slag outlet connected to the first inlet of the side-blown smelting furnace 10.
The flue gas produced by the converting furnace 120 has a relatively high sulfur content, and in a preferred embodiment, the converting furnace 120 is provided with a third flue gas outlet, and the device further comprises an acid making system 130, and the acid making system 130 is connected with the third flue gas outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrothermic reduction furnace 20 is provided with a reduced slag outlet, and the apparatus further includes a water quenching unit 140, and the water quenching unit 140 is connected to the reduced slag outlet.
Preferably, the electrothermic reduction furnace 20 is provided with two nickel matte outlets and two reduced slag outlets.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing nickel matte by reducing nickel-containing material with two-stage method, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the following steps: melting and pre-reducing nickel-containing materials, fuel, oxygen-enriched air and a reducing agent in a side-blown smelting furnace at the temperature of 1150-1400 ℃, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-enriched air are sprayed into the side-blown smelting furnace through an immersed side-blown spray gun, and the nickel-containing materials and the reducing agent are added into the side-blown smelting furnace through the top to obtain liquid molten matte slag; and introducing the liquid molten matte slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a hot slag chute to carry out reduction and slag matte separation at the temperature of 1500-1600 ℃ to obtain nickel matte.
The utility model discloses a side-blown smelting furnace has carried out melting and pre-reduction to nickeliferous material, through submergence formula side-blown spray gun with oxygen boosting air and fuel directly spout into the melting bath for nickeliferous material melt and pre-reduction provide the heat supply, can improve the heat utilization efficiency, and submergence formula burning flame direct contact fuse-element, the combustion flue gas stirs the melting bath, strengthen the mass transfer of melting bath and accelerated the reaction, make laterite-nickel ore deposit granular material melt fast, thereby make this melt and pre-reduction process can go on under oxygen boosting state and lower reduction temperature (1150 ~ 1400 ℃). This is advantageous on the one hand for saving energy consumption and on the other hand for increasing the selective reduction of nickel by lower reduction temperatures, thereby providing for a higher nickel matte grade. And then, introducing the liquid molten matte slag obtained by pre-reduction into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a hot slag chute, and completing deep reduction at a higher temperature (1500-1600 ℃) (only the liquid matte slag in the electrothermal reduction furnace, other reagents are not added, the required reagents are completely added in the ingredients; and the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is high, and the reducing agent plays a deep reduction role). The electric heating reduction furnace can control the reduction temperature more flexibly, the temperature is increased or decreased according to the property of the furnace charge, and the foam slag phenomenon can be avoided in the operation process, thereby further improving the nickel matte grade.
In a word, adopt the utility model provides a two-step method reduction nickeliferous material preparation nickel matte, the matte making efficiency is higher, has reduced the energy consumption, has improved the grade of nickel matte simultaneously. In addition, the method for preparing the nickel matte has higher recovery rate of nickel and cobalt.
In order to further improve the pre-reduction effect of the nickel-containing material, improve the selective reduction degree of nickel, and simultaneously reduce the feeding difficulty and improve the slagging effect, in a preferred embodiment, the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore, and before the step of introducing the nickel-containing material and the reducing agent into the side-blown reduction furnace, the method further comprises the following steps: the nickel-containing material, the reducing agent, the fusing agent and the vulcanizing agent are granulated and then are sent into a side-blown smelting furnace by a belt conveyor. The reducing agent is a solid reducing agent, such as granular coal, coke and the like, the fluxing agent can be a type commonly used in the field, such as a calcium fluxing agent, a siliceous fluxing agent and the like, the fuel can be a powdery fuel, such as pulverized coal, or a gaseous fuel, such as coal gas, natural gas and the like, and the vulcanizing agent can be selected from a type commonly used in the field, such as pyrite, gypsum and the like. In the actual operation process, the weight ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reduced coal, the vulcanizing agent and the flux is preferably 100: (0.5-4.0): (1.5-8.0): (5-25).
Taking the laterite-nickel ore as an example, the laterite-nickel ore is aired to volatilize part of free water, and is preferably loosened properly. After the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing coal, the vulcanizing agent and the flux with proper water content are granulated by a disc granulator, the granules are conveyed into a front storage bin of a side-blown reduction furnace by a rubber belt conveyor and are continuously conveyed into the side-blown smelting furnace by a quantitative feeder and a movable rubber belt conveyor.
In a preferred embodiment, the blowing pressure of the oxygen-enriched air is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 60-80% in the melting and pre-reduction process. Under the conditions of the blowing pressure and the oxygen enrichment, the nickel-containing material has better pre-reduction effect, the energy consumption is lower, and the selective reduction degree of the nickel is higher. In the actual operation process, the oxygen-enriched air can be obtained by matching the compressed air and the oxygen. More preferably, the controlled slag form comprises FeO, SiO during the melting and pre-reduction process2CaO, MgO and Al2O3More preferably, the slag type is controlled to be 28-32% of FeO and MgO<12％，SiO236-44% of CaO and 12-18% of CaO. The flux is added from the top of the side-blown smelting furnace, so that the slag shape and the melting point can be adjusted, and the slag shape is beneficial to reducing the viscosity and the melting point of the molten slag.
In order to provide a weak reducing atmosphere in the side-blown smelting furnace to improve the pre-reduction effect, in a preferred embodiment, in the melting and pre-reduction process, the air excess coefficient α in the side-blown smelting furnace is controlled to be 0.75-0.95, namely, the combustion coefficient, the air excess coefficient is (actual combustion air amount-theoretical combustion air amount)/theoretical combustion air amount, the excess air ensures sufficient combustion, and the reasonable coefficient ensures low cost (the smoke takes away less heat)In the process, the air excess coefficient can be adjusted by adjusting the air supply quantity and the pressure. Under the conditions, the energy rate of the side-blown smelting furnace hearth is about 40-50 t/d.m2. More preferably, the electric heating reduction furnace is in a strong reduction atmosphere at a high temperature, which is beneficial to deep reduction.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a first flue gas is also obtained in the melting and pre-reduction process, and the method further comprises the steps of sequentially performing secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection on the first flue gas. The secondary combustion can be used for carrying out secondary combustion on combustible components in the flue gas, the obtained flue gas is higher in temperature, and after waste heat is recovered through the waste heat recovery step, the dust in the flue gas is separated through the dust collection step. The heat in the pre-reduction flue gas is effectively recovered and the smoke dust in the pre-reduction flue gas is separated through the steps. It should be noted that, in addition to the dust collecting step, a part of the dust is also collected in the waste heat recovery step. The part of smoke dust can return to the granulating step, and is granulated after being mixed with nickel-containing materials, reducing agents and the like, and then enters the reduction process again. Because the temperature in the pre-reduction process is lower, the dust collection step of the first flue gas is preferably carried out in an electric precipitation mode directly.
Similarly, a second flue gas is also generated in the reduction and slag matte separation processes, and in a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection of the second flue gas in sequence. The second flue gas dust collection treatment preferably comprises the dust collection by a surface cooler and the dust collection by a bag dust collector which are sequentially carried out because the temperature in the reduction process is higher. The smoke dust collected in the dust collection process and the waste heat recovery process can also return to the granulation step, and is granulated after being mixed with nickel-containing materials, reducing agents and the like, and then enters the reduction process again.
After the secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection steps are respectively carried out, the gas obtained by processing the first flue gas and the second flue gas is preferably sent to a tail gas desulfurization step for further purification and then is emptied.
In the actual operation process, the reduction process in the electrothermal reduction furnace is preferably carried out continuously, and the charging, the slag discharging and the matte discharging are carried out periodically. The electrothermal reduction furnace is provided with four discharging ports, wherein two reducing furnace slag outlets and two nickel matte outlets. In a preferred embodiment, slag is also obtained during the reduction and slag matte separation, and the method further comprises the step of water quenching the slag. The electric heating reduction furnace slag is stockpiled or sold as general solid waste after water quenching.
After obtaining the nickel matte, more preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the above method further includes a step of converter blowing the nickel matte. High-nickel matte with higher grade can be prepared by converter blowing. Specific blowing processes are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In order to make more full use of resources, in a preferred embodiment, converter slag and a third flue gas are also obtained during converter blowing, and the method further comprises: returning the converter slag to the melting and pre-reduction step; sending the third flue gas to an acid making system.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the laterite-nickel ore is reduced by a two-step method to prepare nickel matte, and the specific process and device are as follows:
1) compounding, granulating and melting pre-reduction stage
The laterite nickel ore is dried in the sun, and part of free water is volatilized, so that the laterite nickel ore is properly loosened. Laterite-nickel ore with proper water content, reduced coal, a vulcanizing agent (pyrite) and a fusing agent (limestone) in a weight ratio of 100: 3: 6: 16, after proportioning, conveying the mixture into a disc granulator by a rubber belt conveyor for granulation, conveying the mixture into a front storage bin of a side-blown reduction furnace by the rubber belt conveyor, and continuously conveying the mixture into the side-blown smelting furnace by a constant feeder and a movable rubber belt conveyor.
Oxygen-enriched air with oxygen volume concentration of about 70 percent and producer gas which are prepared by compressed air and oxygen are blown into a molten pool by immersed pulverized coal spray guns at two sides of a furnace body, and the blowing pressure of the producer gas and the oxygen-enriched air is 0.6 MPa. Dipping in waterThe submerged combustion flame directly contacts with the melt, the combustion flue gas stirs the molten pool, the mass transfer of the molten pool is strengthened, the reaction is accelerated, the laterite nickel ore granular material is rapidly melted, the fluxes such as lime and the like are added into the molten pool from the top of the furnace to adjust the slag form and the melting point of the molten pool in the furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is controlled to be about 1250-1300 ℃, and the slag form is controlled: FeO 30%, MgO<12％，SiO 240 percent and CaO 15 percent. The energy rate of the side-blown smelting furnace hearth is about 40-50 t/d.m2。
And controlling the air excess coefficient alpha in the furnace to be 0.80, and melting and slagging the laterite-nickel ore to form liquid molten matte slag. After the slag layer in the furnace reaches a certain thickness, the slag is discharged from a slag port at one end of the side-blown furnace semi-continuously, and the slag discharging temperature is 1250 ℃. The liquid molten matte slag is added into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a hot slag chute.
The smelting flue gas temperature of the side-blown converter is about 1250 ℃, air leaks from the upper part of the furnace body and the ascending flue, CO in the flue gas is combusted secondarily, the temperature of the flue gas is initially reduced to 350 ℃ by a waste heat boiler, waste heat is recovered, and the flue gas is further reduced in temperature by electric dust collection and then is sent to tail gas desulfurization treatment.
2) Deep reduction stage
Adding liquid molten matte slag from a hot material inlet of an electrothermal reduction furnace, carrying out power transmission heating after the charging is finished, carrying out smelting in the furnace at 1550-1600 ℃, continuously carrying out the electrothermal reduction process, and periodically carrying out charging, deslagging and matte discharging. The electric heating reduction furnace is provided with four discharging ports, two slag discharging ports and two nickel matte discharging ports.
The electric heating reduction furnace is provided with four discharging ports, two slag discharging ports and two nickel matte discharging ports. The slag discharge temperature is 1550 ℃, the low nickel matte discharge temperature is about 1500 ℃, wherein the low nickel matte grade: ni: 35%, Fe: 55%, S: 10 percent, feeding the molten nickel matte into a converter for further blowing to obtain high nickel sulfur, wherein the grade of the high nickel sulfur is as follows: ni: 80%, Fe < 1%, S: 18 percent.
The electrothermal reduction slag (containing Ni < 0.15%) is water-quenched and stockpiled or sold as general solid waste. High-temperature flue gas generated by the electric heating reduction furnace leaks air at the upper part of the furnace body and an ascending flue, CO and S in the flue gas are combusted secondarily, the temperature is initially reduced to 350 ℃ through a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, the flue gas is treated by a tail gas desulfurization system after being dedusted by a surface cooler and a bag dust collector, and the flue gas is transported backwards and returned to side-blown reduction batching.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: in the melting pre-reduction stage, the blowing pressure of producer gas and oxygen-enriched air is 0.8MPa, and the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1350-1450 ℃; the excess air coefficient α in the furnace was controlled to 0.95. And in the deep reduction stage, the smelting temperature in the furnace is 1500-1550 ℃. The slag discharge temperature is 1500 ℃, the low nickel matte discharge temperature is about 1480 ℃, wherein the low nickel matte grade: ni: 23%, Fe: 65%, S: 12 percent, feeding the molten nickel matte into a converter for further blowing to obtain high nickel sulfur, wherein the grade of the high nickel sulfur is as follows: ni: 77%, Fe < 1%, S: 21 percent.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: in the melting pre-reduction stage, the blowing pressure of producer gas and oxygen-enriched air is 0.6MPa, and the smelting temperature is controlled to be about 1150-1200 ℃; the excess air coefficient α in the furnace was controlled to 0.75. And in the deep reduction stage, the smelting temperature in the furnace is 1500-1550 ℃. The slag discharge temperature is 1500 ℃, the low nickel matte discharge temperature is about 1500 ℃, wherein the low nickel matte grade: ni: 20%, Fe: 77%, S: 13 percent, feeding the molten nickel matte into a converter for further blowing to obtain high nickel sulfur, wherein the grade of the high nickel sulfur is as follows: ni: 75%, Fe < 1%, S: 22 percent.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: in the melting pre-reduction stage, the blowing pressure of producer gas and oxygen-enriched air is 0.2MPa, and the smelting temperature is controlled to be about 1150-1200 ℃; the excess air coefficient α in the furnace was controlled to 0.70. And in the deep reduction stage, the smelting temperature in the furnace is 1500-1550 ℃. The slag discharge temperature is 1500 ℃, the low nickel matte discharge temperature is about 1500 ℃, wherein the low nickel matte grade: ni: 15%, Fe: 73%, S: 12 percent, feeding the molten nickel matte into a converter for further blowing to obtain high nickel sulfur, wherein the grade of the high nickel sulfur is as follows: ni: 70%, Fe < 2%, S: 25 percent.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: in the melting pre-reduction stage, the blowing pressure of producer gas and oxygen-enriched air is 0.2MPa, and the smelting temperature is controlled to be about 1100-1140 ℃; the excess air coefficient α in the furnace was controlled to 0.65. And in the deep reduction stage, the smelting temperature in the furnace is 1450-1490 ℃. The slag discharge temperature is 1450 ℃, the low nickel matte discharge temperature is about 1430 ℃, wherein the low nickel matte grade: ni: 10%, Fe: 80%, S: 10 percent, feeding the molten nickel matte into a converter for further blowing to obtain high nickel sulfur, wherein the grade of the high nickel sulfur is as follows: ni: 64%, Fe < 7%, S: 29 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for preparing nickel matte by reducing a material containing nickel, comprising:
the side-blown smelting furnace (10) is provided with a first inlet at the top, an immersed side-blown spray gun at the side part and a liquid-state fused matte slag outlet at the lower part, the first inlet is used for introducing nickel-containing materials and reducing agents, the immersed side-blown spray gun is used for spraying fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the side-blown smelting furnace (10), and the side-blown smelting furnace (10) is used for melting and pre-reducing the nickel-containing materials in the presence of the fuel, the oxygen-enriched air and the reducing agents to obtain liquid-state fused matte slag;
the electric heating reduction furnace (20) is provided with a liquid-state molten matte slag inlet, the liquid-state molten matte slag inlet is connected with the liquid-state molten matte slag outlet through a hot slag chute, and the electric heating reduction furnace (20) is used for reducing the liquid-state molten matte slag and separating slag matte to obtain nickel matte.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a disc granulator (30), the disc granulator (30) being adapted to granulate the nickel containing material, the reducing agent, the flux and the vulcanizing agent, an outlet of the disc granulator (30) being connected to the first inlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a silo (40) provided with a second inlet and a silo outlet, wherein the second inlet is connected with the outlet of the disc granulator (30);
the quantitative feeding machine (50) is provided with a third inlet and a feeding outlet, the third inlet is connected with the bin outlet, and the feeding outlet is connected with the first inlet.
4. An arrangement according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the side-blown smelting furnace (10) is further provided with a first flue gas outlet, the arrangement further comprising:
the first combustion unit (60) is connected with the first flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the first flue gas discharged from the first flue gas outlet;
a first waste heat recovery unit (70) having a first air inlet and a first exhaust outlet, the first air inlet being connected to the outlet of the first combustion unit (60);
and the first dust collection unit (80) is provided with a second air inlet, a second air outlet and a first smoke outlet, and the second air inlet is connected with the first air outlet.
5. An arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the first dust collecting unit (80) is an electric dust collector.
6. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the electrothermic reduction furnace (20) is further provided with a second flue gas outlet, the arrangement further comprising:
the second combustion unit (90) is connected with the second flue gas outlet and is used for carrying out secondary combustion on the second flue gas discharged from the second flue gas outlet;
a second waste heat recovery unit (100) having a third air inlet and a third air outlet, the third air inlet being connected to the outlet of the second combustion unit (90);
and the second dust collecting unit (110) is provided with a fourth air inlet, a fourth air outlet and a second smoke outlet, and the fourth air inlet is connected with the third air outlet.
7. The arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the second dust collecting unit (110) comprises a surface cooler and a bag collector arranged in series in this order.
8. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the electrothermic reduction furnace (20) is further provided with a nickel matte outlet, and the arrangement further comprises an converting furnace (120), the converting furnace (120) being connected to the nickel matte outlet.
9. The arrangement according to claim 8, characterized by the converting converter (120) being provided with a converter slag outlet, which is connected to the first inlet of the side blown smelting furnace (10).
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the converting converter (120) is provided with a third flue gas outlet, the apparatus further comprising an acid making system (130), the acid making system (130) being connected to the third flue gas outlet.
11. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrothermic reduction furnace (20) is provided with a reduced slag outlet, the apparatus further comprising a water quenching unit (140), the water quenching unit (140) being connected to the reduced slag outlet.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110205501A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Reduction nickel-containing material prepares the device of nickel matte |
| CN111926133A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral |
| CN113930627A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-14 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing nickel matte |
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2019
- 2019-07-08 CN CN201921056233.8U patent/CN211570747U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110205501A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Reduction nickel-containing material prepares the device of nickel matte |
| CN111926133A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral |
| CN113930627A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-14 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing nickel matte |
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