WO2024026998A1 - Method for treating laterite nickel ore by means of oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace - Google Patents

Method for treating laterite nickel ore by means of oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace Download PDF

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WO2024026998A1
WO2024026998A1 PCT/CN2022/121029 CN2022121029W WO2024026998A1 WO 2024026998 A1 WO2024026998 A1 WO 2024026998A1 CN 2022121029 W CN2022121029 W CN 2022121029W WO 2024026998 A1 WO2024026998 A1 WO 2024026998A1
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nickel
slag
cobalt
mass
flux
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PCT/CN2022/121029
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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阮丁山
李长东
岳雄
唐时健
刘云涛
陈绪林
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024026998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024026998A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and specifically relates to a method for processing laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace.
  • Nickel metal has a wide range of uses. It can be used to make various heat-resistant alloy steels, nickel alloys, stainless steel and other metal materials. It can be used as a hydrogenation catalyst in chemical reactions in the petrochemical industry. Nickel can be used for electroplating based on its rust resistance and good metallic luster. , Nickel cobalt aluminate solid solution, nickel phosphate and nickel titanate can be used to make dyes and pigments. Nickel oxides can be used as colorants in the ceramic industry. Nickel can be used to make nickel ferrite and nickel zinc ferrite. and other ferrites, nickel can be used to make Fe-Ni, Cd-Ni batteries, H2-Ni sealed batteries, as well as nickel sulfate battery-grade materials and ternary precursor materials.
  • Nickel manganese cobalt Nickel-based cathodes such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum and nickel-cobalt-aluminum occupy a major share in the electric vehicle battery market.
  • Indonesia is using the nickel reserves from its vast resource laterite nickel deposits to stimulate investment in the production of battery-grade metal, or at least a type of nickel that can then be processed into sulfate to go into battery cathodes.
  • Nickel sulfate is mainly obtained by wet processing of high matte nickel matte, while the main fire production process of high matte nickel matte is: laterite nickel ore ⁇ pre-reduction roasting ⁇ reduction smelting ⁇ nickel iron ⁇ sulfide ⁇ nickel matte; this process produces nickel iron, and then
  • the production cases of nickel matte obtained by sulfidation include: the "rotary kiln sulfidation-ore-heated electric furnace" method successfully developed by Vale Indonesia in the 1970s.
  • the disadvantages are the harsh operating environment and low sulfur utilization rate, which requires additional rotary kiln flue gas desulfurization.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method for processing laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace.
  • This method eliminates the rotary kiln pre-reduction roasting link in the traditional laterite nickel ore smelting method, and converts laterite nickel ore into After crushing, drying and pelletizing, it is directly added to the side-blown furnace for reduction, sulfurization and smelting to produce cobalt-poor low ice nickel.
  • This not only saves the manufacturing cost and energy consumption cost of the rotary kiln system, but also shortens the smelting process of laterite nickel ore, which can speed up production. , continuous and large-scale.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, which includes the following steps:
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6% to 3%, Co 0.01% to 1.1%, Fe 20% to 41%, MgO 1.3% to 15%, SiO 2 10% to 45%;
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11% to 30%, Co 0.1% to 1.3%, Fe 35% to 63%, and S 6% to 28%;
  • the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.15% ⁇ 0.6%, Co 0.006% ⁇ 0.01%, Fe 30% ⁇ 45%;
  • the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3% to 2.4%, Co 0.06% to 0.27%, and Fe 20% to 65%.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals; the flux 1 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, coke , at least one of blue carbon and graphite powder.
  • step S2 the mass of the sulfiding agent 1 is 8% to 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, the mass of the flux 1 is 3% to 15% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 It is 3% to 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore.
  • the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 3% to 12% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls
  • the mass of the flux 1 is 1% to 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls
  • the reducing agent 1 The quality is 1% to 9% of the quality of laterite nickel ore balls.
  • step S3 during the smelting, fuel, oxygen and compressed air are introduced, the purity of oxygen is 90% to 98%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 60% to 80%, and the excess coefficient of fuel is The total melting coefficient is 75% to 90%, the total melting coefficient is 76% to 100%, the melting temperature is 1230°C to 1600°C, and the fuel is at least one of natural gas, pulverized coal, and heavy oil.
  • step S3 in the blowing process, the air blast volume is 12000Nm 3 /h ⁇ 30000Nm 3 /h, the blowing temperature is 1220°C ⁇ 1330°C, the blowing time is 1 ⁇ 2h, and the flux 2 is Quartz stone, the dosage of the flux 2 is 2% to 11% of the mass of the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte particles obtained after water quenching.
  • step S4 the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C, the flux 3 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone, and the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 2% of the mass of the smelting slag. 6%.
  • the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C
  • the flux 4 is limestone
  • the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag
  • the vulcanizing agent 2 It is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals.
  • the mass of the vulcanizing agent 2 is 6% to 13% of the mass of the blowing slag
  • the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, coke, blue charcoal, At least one kind of graphite powder, the mass of the reducing agent 2 is 2% to 8% of the mass of the blowing slag.
  • the flotation in steps S4 and S5 requires the addition of a collector, a foaming agent and an activator;
  • the collector is at least one of xanthate and black powder;
  • the foaming agent is At least one of 2# oil, alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol and pine alcohol oil;
  • the activator is Na 2 S.
  • the method of the present invention eliminates the rotary kiln pre-reduction roasting link in the traditional laterite nickel ore smelting method.
  • the laterite nickel ore is crushed, dried, and pelletized, and then directly added to the side-blown furnace for reduction and sulfurization smelting to produce cobalt-poor and low matte nickel. It saves the manufacturing cost and energy consumption cost of the rotary kiln system, and shortens the smelting process of laterite nickel ore, which can make production rapid, continuous and large-scale.
  • the method of the present invention can effectively enrich and extract valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt.
  • the affinity of metallic nickel to sulfur is close to that of iron, while the affinity to oxygen is much smaller than that of iron. It can be used in matte-making smelting with different degrees of oxidation.
  • nickel and cobalt oxides are reacted under the action of vulcanizing agent to generate Ni 3 S 2 and CoS, and the iron sulfide is continuously oxidized into oxides in stages, and then slagging with gangue is removed; it has adaptability to materials Strong, suitable for various smelting slag types, with low requirements on the types and properties of fuel, reducing agent, and vulcanizing agent, good safety and environmental protection, low investment, short process flow, low labor intensity, high thermal efficiency, and low overall energy consumption Features.
  • flux is added to the smelting slag to adjust the smelting slag components, and a settling electric furnace is used for depletion and separation to enrich cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte.
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is cooled, crushed, ground, and floated to obtain a nickel-cobalt concentrate. 1 and tailings 1.
  • the tailings 1 is magnetically selected to select nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; while the blowing slag is reduced and sulfurized by a settling electric furnace to produce cobalt-rich low ice nickel and electric furnace slag 2.
  • the electric furnace slag 2 is cooled and The nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3 are separated by crushing, grinding and flotation.
  • the tailings 3 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4.
  • the method of the present invention can effectively remove impurities and enrich valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt.
  • the process is simple, can make full use of the latent heat of smelting slag and blowing slag, and the produced tailings can be reused.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace according to the present invention.
  • the existing method of preparing nickel sulfur from laterite nickel ore requires the addition of a rotary kiln flue gas desulfurization system, which requires high energy consumption, high costs, and a complicated process.
  • the present invention proposes the following technical solutions.
  • a method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is provided. Referring to Figure 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is used for smelting and reduction, and then blowing is performed to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte.
  • the resulting smelting slag and blowing slag are further depleted and separated using a settling electric furnace.
  • the obtained electric furnace slag is crushed, ground, flotated, and magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy, cobalt-rich low-nickel-sulfur/cobalt-poor low-nickel matte nickel-cobalt concentrate, and then enters the blowing process, which can effectively enrich valuable materials such as nickel and cobalt.
  • Metal make full use of the latent heat of smelting slag and blowing slag, and improve the utilization rate of laterite nickel ore.
  • the present invention can improve the sulfidation effect of laterite nickel ore by configuring laterite nickel ore, sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 into balls.
  • the dried laterite nickel ore contains a large amount of fine ore powder, which is easily inhaled into the flue when directly put into the furnace, forming a large amount of smoke and dust, which is not conducive to vulcanization; the vulcanizing agent itself is easy to volatilize, and needs to be vulcanized under the action of carbon.
  • the vulcanizing agent volatilizes, requiring more vulcanizing agent, prolonging the vulcanizing time and increasing costs, and at the same time reducing the sulfurizing effect of laterite nickel ore.
  • the laterite nickel ore needs to be crushed and screened before drying.
  • the dried laterite nickel ore is sent to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • the resulting laterite nickel ore balls are blown from the oxygen-rich side to the top of the furnace by a belt conveyor. Continuously fed into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, the air volume for each ton of laterite nickel ore pellets is 100Nm 3 /t ⁇ 600Nm 3 /t.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals; the flux 1 is at least one of limestone and quartz; The reducing agent 1 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue charcoal, and graphite powder.
  • the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 8% to 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, and the mass of the flux 1 is 3% to 15% of the mass of laterite nickel ore. %, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 3% to 18% of the mass of laterite nickel ore.
  • sulfiding agent 1 flux 1, reducing agent 1, fuel, oxygen and air during the reduction and sulfurizing process in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace;
  • the quality of the sulfiding agent 1 It is 3% to 12% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls, the mass of the flux 1 is 1% to 10% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 1% to 9% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls;
  • the purity of the oxygen is 90% to 98%, and the fuel is at least one of natural gas, pulverized coal, and heavy oil.
  • Vulcanizing agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 are continuously fed into the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace from the top of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace by a belt conveyor; fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are sprayed from the nozzle port on the side of the furnace to the oxygen-enriched side.
  • the oxygen-rich air stirs the melt strongly, and the part above the tuyere forms a floc movement; the mixed material is quickly melted and dispersed under the action of the strongly stirred melt, achieving good heat and mass transfer processes.
  • Laterite nickel ore is fully reduced and sulfurized with reducing agent, sulfiding agent 1 and flux 1 to generate cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur, smelting slag and flue gas.
  • the cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur and the smelting slag flow into the siphon chamber for further separation.
  • the smelting slag is released from the slag port and flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute.
  • the cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur is continuously released from the siphon port and sent to the converter for blowing.
  • the flue gas generated by smelting enters the waste heat boiler through the exhaust port on the furnace top.
  • the saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent to the power generation process to generate electricity.
  • Part of the waste heat can be sent to the drying kiln to bake laterite nickel ore.
  • the flue gas at the outlet of the preheating boiler is collected by an electric precipitator and a bag dust collector, and the dedusted flue gas is discharged up to standard after desulfurization and denitrification.
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11% to 30%, Co 0.1% to 1.3%, Fe 35% to 63%, S 6% to 28%; the smelting slag The main chemical components are: Ni 0.15% ⁇ 0.6%, Co 0.006% ⁇ 0.01%, Fe 30% ⁇ 45%.
  • the smelting temperature in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 1230°C to 1600°C
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 60% to 80% %
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 75% to 90%
  • the total melting coefficient is 76% to 100%.
  • the air blast volume is 12000Nm 3 /h ⁇ 30000Nm 3 /h
  • the blowing temperature is 1220°C ⁇ 1330°C
  • the blowing time is 1 ⁇ 2h
  • the flux 2 is quartz stone
  • the The dosage of flux 2 is 2% to 11% of the mass of the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte particles obtained after water quenching.
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte are: Ni 58% ⁇ 81%, Co 1.1% ⁇ 4.3%, S 8% ⁇ 15% ;
  • the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3% ⁇ 2.4%, Co 0.06% ⁇ 0.27%, Fe 20% ⁇ 65%.
  • the smelting slag continuously flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute, and the matte slag mixture discharged from the side-blown furnace is insulated, clarified, and depleted with the help of resistance heat and arc heat generated by electrodes inserted into the melt.
  • the matte slag mixture discharged from the side-blown furnace is insulated, clarified, and depleted with the help of resistance heat and arc heat generated by electrodes inserted into the melt.
  • the metal matte is continuously separated from the slag and settled at the bottom of the furnace for enrichment, and the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte is intermittently discharged through the metal discharge port to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing;
  • the flux 3 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone, and the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag.
  • the electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag truck for natural cooling for 42h to 50h, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25h to 35h until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is broken , grind to -200 mesh or -300 mesh to make raw slag ore, add collector, foaming agent, and activator to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and magnetic separation of tailings 1 to separate nickel Cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2.
  • the nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 generated by the system are returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing operations.
  • the collector is one or more of xanthate, black drug, fatty acid, alkyl sulfonate or kerosene, and the dosage of the collector is 50g to 200g per ton of raw slag ore;
  • the foaming agent is one or more of 2# oil, alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol and triethoxybutane.
  • the dosage of the foaming agent is 20g ⁇ 50g per ton of raw slag ore. ;
  • the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 50g to 300g per ton of raw slag ore.
  • the xanthate is at least one of ethyl xanthate, butyl xanthate, isopropyl xanthate, isobutyl xanthate, pentyl xanthate, and hexyl xanthate. It is not limited to the above description. Technology in the art Personnel can choose the xanthate used according to actual needs.
  • the black powder is at least one of phenol black powder, alcohol alcohol powder, and oxyalkanol black powder. It is not limited to the above description. Those skilled in the art can select the black powder used according to actual needs.
  • the blowing slag continuously flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute, and the vulcanizing agent 2, the reducing agent and the flux 4 are added according to the actual situation, and the temperature of the electric furnace is controlled to 1250°C to 1450°C, using the affinity of metal nickel for sulfur. It is close to iron, but its affinity for oxygen is much smaller than that of iron.
  • nickel and cobalt oxides react under the action of vulcanizing agent 4 to generate Ni 3 S 2 and CoS, which are formed in stages.
  • the sulfide of iron is continuously oxidized into oxide, and then slagging with gangue is removed.
  • the flux 4 is limestone
  • the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag
  • the sulfurizing agent 2 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals
  • the mass of the vulcanizing agent 2 is 6% to 13% of the mass of the blowing slag
  • the reducing agent 2 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue carbon, and graphite powder, and the mass of the reducing agent 2 is 2% to 8% of the slag mass.
  • reduction and sulfurization in the settling electric furnace is used to generate cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte, electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas.
  • the cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing, while the electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port and used
  • the slag package truck is transferred to the slag package field for natural cooling for 35h ⁇ 45h, and then water is sprayed for cooling for 20h ⁇ 32h until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh or -300 mesh to make slag raw ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and the tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4.
  • the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 generated by the system are returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing operations.
  • the collector is one or more of xanthate and black drug, and the dosage of the collector is 50g to 200g per ton of raw slag ore;
  • the foaming agent is 2# oil, alcohol , one or more of methyl isobutyl carbinol and triethoxybutane, the dosage of the foaming agent is 20g to 50g added per ton of raw slag ore;
  • the activator is Na 2 S, the The dosage of activator is 50g ⁇ 300g per ton of raw slag ore.
  • the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte is cast into a cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte block through a casting system.
  • the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte block can be wet-processed to obtain nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate battery-grade materials to manufacture new energy batteries; nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 Return to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing to recover nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals; tailings 2 and 4 are directly sold to outsiders for steelmaking or electromagnetic functional materials; flue gas generated by side blowing furnaces, blowing furnaces and settling electric furnaces It enters the waste heat boiler through the exhaust port on the furnace top.
  • the saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent to the power generation process to generate electricity.
  • Part of the waste heat can be sent to the drying kiln to bake laterite nickel ore.
  • the flue gas at the outlet of the preheating boiler collects smoke dust through an electric precipitator and a bag dust collector.
  • the dedusted flue gas reaches the standard after desulfurization and denitrification.
  • the collected smoke dust can be returned to the mixing and granulation process to participate in batching and granulation, or directly returned to side blowing.
  • Furnace ingredients participate in reduction vulcanization smelting.
  • a method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace including the following specific steps:
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 91% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 1mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 15%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.13%, Co 0.12%, Fe 30.57%, MgO 9.87%, SiO 2 24.61%;
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • sulfiding agent 1 flux 1 and reducing agent
  • Flux 1 reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the balling rate is 98%.
  • the diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 14mm.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum.
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent 1, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace through a metering belt.
  • Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls The air volume added is 200Nm 3 /t.
  • Fuel, oxygen and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and smoke.
  • the melting temperature is 1500°C, and the reduction and vulcanization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 30% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent is nickel laterite.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the amount of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls;
  • the flux 1 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 1 is 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 18.29%, Co 0.27%, Fe 56.84%, S 20.68%;
  • the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.25%, Co 0.007%, Fe 40.83%;
  • cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, it is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles, and is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor. Compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • step (3) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1290°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 42 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1.
  • the tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the addition amount of the flux 3 is 3% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl xanthate , the amount of collector is 60g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the amount of foaming agent is 25g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the amount of activator is 70g/t;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1350°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag. 2. and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transferred to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 38 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 10% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, The amount of flux 4 added is 3% of the mass of blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 4% of the mass of blowing slag; the collector is butyl black powder, and the collector The dosage of the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl methanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 30g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 90g/t.
  • a method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace including the following specific steps:
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 93% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 2m; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 21%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.46%, Co 0.09%, Fe 38.73%, MgO 10.57%, SiO 2 29.43%.
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • vulcanizing agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent By controlling the disc granulator Rotation rate, mix and granulate laterite nickel ore with sulfiding agent 1, flux 1, reducing agent and smoke to form laterite nickel ore balls, the balling rate is 98%, and the diameter of laterite nickel ore balls is 29mm; among them, sulfurizing agent 1 It is pyrite, and the amount of sulfidizing agent 1 is 13% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is 9% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is coke, The dosage of reducing agent 1 is 7% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent 1, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace through a metering belt.
  • Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls The air volume added to the group is 300Nm 3 /t. Fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1 and smelting slag.
  • the purity of oxygen is 94%
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 75%
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 83%
  • the total smelting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 88 %
  • the melting temperature is 1550°C
  • the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding
  • the fuel is pulverized coal, and the amount of the fuel is 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls
  • the reducing agent is coke, and the amount of the reducing agent is It is 6% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls
  • the sulfiding agent 1 is pyrite, and the amount of sulfiding agent 1 is 7% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls
  • the flux 1 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is The amount is 4% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 17.92%, Co 0.89%, Fe 42.1%, and S 19.38%.
  • the main chemical components of smelting slag are: Ni 0.18%, Co 0.008%, Fe 40.24%;
  • cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, it is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles, and is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor. Compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • step (3) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1300°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transferred to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 46 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 27 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1.
  • the tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 4% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl black
  • the dosage of the collector is 100g/t; the foaming agent is ethanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 40g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 120g/t;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent 2 and flux 4, control the temperature of the electric furnace to 1400°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte, electrolyte Slag 2 and flue gas, and the resulting cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte are sent to the blowing process;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 39 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, The amount of flux 4 added is 5% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is coke, and the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag; the collector is butyl xanthate, and the collector is The dosage of the foaming agent is 78g/t; the foaming agent is triethoxybutane, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 33g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 128g/t.
  • a method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace including the following specific steps:
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 94% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 2.5mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. After drying and dehydration, the water content of laterite nickel ore is The rate is 23%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.57%, Co 0.17%, Fe 36.94%, MgO 12.49%, SiO 2 30.68%;
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • sulfiding agent 1 sulfiding agent 1
  • flux 1 reducing agent
  • reducing agent 1 reducing agent
  • smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the ball formation rate is 98%.
  • the diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 30mm.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum and sulfur
  • the formula of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum and sulfur.
  • the input amount is 14% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
  • the flux 1 is limestone and quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is 9.5% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
  • the reducing agent 1 is anthracite and blue charcoal, and the formulation of reducing agent 1 is The input amount is 11% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale.
  • Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added
  • the air volume is 400Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas;
  • the purity of oxygen is 95.5%
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 68.5%
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 87%
  • the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 89.5%
  • the melting temperature 1490°C the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding;
  • the fuel is natural gas and heavy oil,
  • the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, and is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • the deironing, desulfurizing and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 2 hours, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas were produced; wherein the blowing volume of the compressed air was 28000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 9.5% of the mass of low nickel matte particles.
  • the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 70.29%, Co 2.13%, S 14.28%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 2.4 %, Co 0.26%, Fe 40%;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1330°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 44 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 31 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh or -300 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • Collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1.
  • the tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and Tailings 2; the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 3.7% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is Hexyl xanthate, the collector dosage is 150g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the foaming agent dosage is 50g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, the activator dosage is 200g/t t;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1450°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 41 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 32 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • Collector, foaming agent, and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the addition amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 8.5% of the blowing slag quality; the flux 4 is limestone , the amount of flux 4 added is 5.6% of the mass of blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite and blue charcoal, the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 7.5% of the mass of blowing slag; the collector is kerosene, The amount of collector is 135g/t; the foaming agent is triethoxybutane, and the amount of foaming agent is 42g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the amount of activator is 185g/t.
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 90% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 0.5mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. After drying and dehydration, the water content of laterite nickel ore is The rate is 12%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6%, Co 0.01, Fe 41%, MgO 1.3%, SiO 2 10%.
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • sulfiding agent 1 flux 1 and reducing agent
  • Flux 1 reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the balling rate is 98%.
  • the diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 12mm.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum.
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale.
  • Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added
  • the air volume is 100Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas;
  • the purity of oxygen is 90%
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 60%
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 75%
  • the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 76%
  • the melting temperature 1230°C the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding
  • the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of fuel is 25% of the mass of late
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11%, Co 0.1%, Fe 63%, S 28%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.15%, Co 0.006% , Fe 30%;
  • the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • the deironing, desulfurizing and slag-making blowing operation is carried out under temperature conditions for 1 hour, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas are produced; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air is 12000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 is quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 2% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 58%, Co 1.1%, S 15%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3 %, Co 0.06%, Fe 58.94%;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the slag composition, control the temperature to 1250°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and smoke gas; the obtained cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 42 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 300 mesh is made into raw slag ore, collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2;
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 2% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl black liquor , the amount of collector is 50g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the amount of foaming
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1250°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 35 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 20 hours until the power
  • the slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -300 mesh to make raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein the sulfurizing agent 2 is gypsum, and the sulfurizing agent 2 is added
  • the amount is 6% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 4 is 1% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent 2 is 2% of the mass of the blowing slag.
  • the collector is isobutyl xanthate, and the dosage of the collector is 50g/t
  • the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl methanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 20g/t
  • the activation The agent is Na 2 S, and the dosage of activator is 50g/t.
  • the recovery rate of nickel is 91.00% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 90.00%.
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 90% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 6mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 23%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 3%, Co 1.1%, Fe 20%, MgO 15%, SiO 2 45%;
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • sulfiding agent 1 flux 1 and reducing agent
  • Flux 1 reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the balling rate is 98%.
  • the diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 33mm.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum.
  • flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 15% of the quality of laterite nickel ore;
  • reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 15% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 18%;
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added The air volume is 600Nm 3 /t.
  • Fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas;
  • the purity of oxygen is 98%
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 80%
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 90%
  • the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 100%
  • the melting temperature is 1600 °C
  • the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding
  • the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 50% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls
  • the reducing agent is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent is the laterite nickel ore ball.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the amount of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 12% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 1 is the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 30%, Co 1.3%, Fe 35%, S 6%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.6%, Co 0.01% , Fe 45%;
  • the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • the deironing, desulfurizing and slagging blowing operation is carried out under temperature conditions for 2 hours, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas are produced; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air is 30000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 is quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 11% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 81%, Co 4.3%, S 8%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 2.4 %, Co 0.27%, Fe 60%;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the high-temperature smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the slag composition, control the temperature to 1450°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and Flue gas; the obtained cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently sent to the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 50 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 35 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 300 mesh is made into raw slag ore, collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2;
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 6% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is kerosene, and the collector is kerosene.
  • the dosage of the foaming agent is 200g/t;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1450°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process; the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 45 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 32 hours until the electric furnace The slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh to make raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein the sulfurizing agent 2 is gypsum, and the sulfurizing agent 2 is added
  • the amount is 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 4 is 6% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent 2 is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag.
  • the collector is sodium alkylbenzene alkyl sulfonate, and the dosage of the collector is 200g/t;
  • the foaming agent is 2# oil, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 50g/t;
  • the activation The agent is Na 2 S, and the dosage of foaming agent is 300g/t.
  • the recovery rate of nickel is 99.00% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 98.00%.
  • a method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace including the following specific steps:
  • Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 70% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 8mm; then free water is removed deeply in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 25%.
  • the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.38%, Co 0.09%, Fe 39.94%, MgO 13.5%, SiO 2 40.36%;
  • step (1) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor.
  • sulfiding agent 1 flux 1 and reducing agent
  • Flux 1 reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls.
  • the balling rate is 98%.
  • the diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 36mm.
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum.
  • flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore;
  • reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 20%;
  • step (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale.
  • Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added
  • the air volume is 50Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas;
  • the purity of oxygen is 80%
  • the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 50%
  • the excess coefficient of fuel is 70%
  • the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 72%
  • the melting temperature 1200°C the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding
  • the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 45% of the mass
  • the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 13% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls;
  • the flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of the flux 1 is 13% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. 14%;
  • the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 9.54%, Co 0.10%, Fe 62%, S 28%;
  • the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.58%, Co 0.16% , Fe 51.23%;
  • the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added.
  • the deirification, desulfurization and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 3 hours to produce high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air was 31000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 16% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 52.46%, Co 1.18%, S 16.8%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 3.6 %, Co 0.34%, Fe 15%;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1220°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor
  • the low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port; the resulting electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 35 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 15 hours.
  • the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh to make raw slag ore.
  • a collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings.
  • Slag 1 and tailings 1 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the flux 3 is added
  • the amount is 8% of the mass of the smelting slag;
  • the collector is amyl white liquor, and the dosage of the collector is 250g/t;
  • the foaming agent is amyl alcohol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 60g/t;
  • the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of activator is 31g/t;
  • step (3) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1200°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag. 2. and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
  • the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 48 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 13 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh is made into raw slag ore.
  • Collector, foaming agent, and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3.
  • the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4.
  • the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 5% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone , the amount of flux 4 added is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 9% of the mass of the blowing slag; the collector is diesel, and the collector is The dosage is 300g/t; the foaming agent is butanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 80g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 40g/t.
  • the high-cobalt and high-nickel matte product obtained by the present invention has high quality, while the high-cobalt and high-nickel matte product obtained by Comparative Example 1 has poor quality; and the nickel recovery rate and cobalt recovery rate in the method of the present invention are high, both ⁇ 90 %.

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Abstract

A method for treating laterite nickel ore by means of an oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace, belonging to the technical field of smelting. The method comprises the following steps: reducing and sulphurizing in an oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace a furnace charge consisting of laterite nickel ore pellets, a sulphurizing agent 1, a reducing agent 1 and a flux 1 to obtain cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and flue gas; after the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is subjected to water quenching, adding a flux 2 therein to enter a blowing process so as to obtain cobalt-rich high-nickel matte, blowing slag and flue gas; and further subjecting the obtained smelting slag and blowing slag to dilution and separation by using a settling electric furnace, carrying out crushing, grinding, flotation and magnetic separation on the obtained electric furnace slag to acquire nickel-cobalt alloy, cobalt-rich low-nickel matte/cobalt-poor low-nickel matte and a nickel-cobalt concentrate, and subjecting same to a blowing process again. Valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt can be effectively enriched, and the latent heat of the smelting slag and the blowing slag is fully utilized, thus improving the utilization rate of the laterite nickel ore.

Description

一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法A method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于冶金工程技术领域，具体涉及一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and specifically relates to a method for processing laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace.
背景技术Background technique
镍金属的用途非常广泛，可以制作各类耐热合金钢、镍合金、不锈钢等金属材料，在石油化工的化学反应中作加氢催化剂，根据镍的防锈性和良好的金属光泽可用于电镀，镍钴铝酸盐固熔体、磷酸镍及钛酸镍等可用来制作染料和颜料，镍的氧化物可作陶瓷工业上的着色剂，镍可制作镍铁素体和镍锌铁素体等多种铁素体，镍可制作Fe-Ni、Cd-Ni电池、H2-Ni密封电池，以及制备硫酸镍电池级材料和三元前驱体材料。Nickel metal has a wide range of uses. It can be used to make various heat-resistant alloy steels, nickel alloys, stainless steel and other metal materials. It can be used as a hydrogenation catalyst in chemical reactions in the petrochemical industry. Nickel can be used for electroplating based on its rust resistance and good metallic luster. , Nickel cobalt aluminate solid solution, nickel phosphate and nickel titanate can be used to make dyes and pigments. Nickel oxides can be used as colorants in the ceramic industry. Nickel can be used to make nickel ferrite and nickel zinc ferrite. and other ferrites, nickel can be used to make Fe-Ni, Cd-Ni batteries, H2-Ni sealed batteries, as well as nickel sulfate battery-grade materials and ternary precursor materials.
随着新能源动力电车产业的蓬勃发展，新能源汽车产量逐年快速增长，未来新能源汽车的发展前景和市场增长空间十分巨大，而新能源市场对镍、钴等的需求逐年递增，镍锰钴和镍钴铝等镍基正极在电动车电池市场占据主要份额。目前，印尼正利用其巨大资源红土镍矿的镍储量，刺激对电池级金属的投资生产，或者至少是一种镍，然后可以加工成硫酸盐，进入电池阴极。硫酸镍主要通过对高冰镍锍湿法处理得到，而高冰镍锍主要火法生产工艺有：红土镍矿→预还原焙烧→还原熔炼→镍铁→硫化→镍锍；该工艺通过生产镍铁，然后再硫化得到镍锍的生产案例有：20世纪70年代淡水河谷印尼公司开发成功的“回转窑硫化-矿热电炉”法，缺点是操作环境恶劣、硫利用率较低，需要增加回转窑烟气脱硫系统；以及新碦里多尼亚Eramet SLN镍冶炼厂开发的“RKEF镍铁硫化法”，缺点：仍需电炉熔炼，导致能耗高、成本高，过程复杂。With the vigorous development of the new energy-powered electric vehicle industry, the output of new energy vehicles is growing rapidly year by year. The development prospects and market growth space of new energy vehicles in the future are very huge. The demand for nickel, cobalt, etc. in the new energy market is increasing year by year. Nickel manganese cobalt Nickel-based cathodes such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum and nickel-cobalt-aluminum occupy a major share in the electric vehicle battery market. Currently, Indonesia is using the nickel reserves from its vast resource laterite nickel deposits to stimulate investment in the production of battery-grade metal, or at least a type of nickel that can then be processed into sulfate to go into battery cathodes. Nickel sulfate is mainly obtained by wet processing of high matte nickel matte, while the main fire production process of high matte nickel matte is: laterite nickel ore → pre-reduction roasting → reduction smelting → nickel iron → sulfide → nickel matte; this process produces nickel iron, and then The production cases of nickel matte obtained by sulfidation include: the "rotary kiln sulfidation-ore-heated electric furnace" method successfully developed by Vale Indonesia in the 1970s. The disadvantages are the harsh operating environment and low sulfur utilization rate, which requires additional rotary kiln flue gas desulfurization. system; and the "RKEF ferronickel sulfidation method" developed by the Eramet SLN nickel smelter in New Delhi. Disadvantages: It still requires electric furnace smelting, resulting in high energy consumption, high cost, and complicated process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法，该方法去除了传统红土镍矿冶炼方法中的回转窑预还原焙烧环节，将红土镍矿破碎、干燥、制球后直接加入侧吹炉还原硫化熔炼生产贫钴低冰镍，既节省了回转窑系统的制造成本和能耗成本，又缩短了红土镍矿冶炼工艺流程，可使生产快速化、连续化、大规模化。The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method for processing laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace. This method eliminates the rotary kiln pre-reduction roasting link in the traditional laterite nickel ore smelting method, and converts laterite nickel ore into After crushing, drying and pelletizing, it is directly added to the side-blown furnace for reduction, sulfurization and smelting to produce cobalt-poor low ice nickel. This not only saves the manufacturing cost and energy consumption cost of the rotary kiln system, but also shortens the smelting process of laterite nickel ore, which can speed up production. , continuous and large-scale.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, which includes the following steps:
S1：将红土镍矿进行干燥处理，使红土镍矿含水量为12％～23％；S1: Dry the laterite nickel ore so that the moisture content of the laterite nickel ore is 12% to 23%;
S2：将干燥后的红土镍矿、硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1进行配料并压球成型，得到红土镍矿球；S2: Mix the dried laterite nickel ore, sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 and press them into balls to obtain laterite nickel ore balls;
S3：将红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂1和熔剂1组成的炉料进行熔炼，得到贫钴低 镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中所述贫钴低镍锍1经水淬后，加入熔剂2进入吹炼工序，得到富钴高镍锍、吹炼渣和烟气；S3: Smelting the charge composed of laterite nickel ore balls, sulfiding agent 1, reducing agent 1 and flux 1 to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and flue gas; wherein the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by water Finally, add flux 2 and enter the blowing process to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte, blowing slag and flue gas;
S4：向所述熔炼渣中加入熔剂3，再进行贫化分离，得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所述电炉渣2经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿1和尾渣1；所述尾渣1进行磁选，得到镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所述贫钴低镍锍2、镍钴精矿1和镍钴合金1进入吹炼工序；S4: Add flux 3 to the smelting slag, and then perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground and then flotated to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate. Ore 1 and tailings 1; the tailings 1 is magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 enter the blowing process;
S5：向所述吹炼渣中硫化剂2、还原剂2和熔剂4后，再进行贫化分离，得到富钴低镍硫、电炉渣2和烟气；所述电炉渣2经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿2和尾渣3；所述尾渣3进行磁选，得到镍钴合金2和尾渣4；所述富钴低镍硫、镍钴精矿2和镍钴合金2进入吹炼工序。S5: After adding sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent 2 and flux 4 to the blowing slag, perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground Flotation is performed to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3; the tailings 3 is magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4; the cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt Alloy 2 enters the blowing process.
进一步地，如下(a)～(e)中的至少一项：Further, at least one of the following (a) to (e):
(a)所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.6％～3％、Co 0.01％～1.1％、Fe 20％～41％、MgO 1.3％～15％、SiO 210％～45％； (a) The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6% to 3%, Co 0.01% to 1.1%, Fe 20% to 41%, MgO 1.3% to 15%, SiO 2 10% to 45%;
(b)所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 11％～30％、Co 0.1％～1.3％、Fe 35％～63％、S 6％～28％；(b) The main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11% to 30%, Co 0.1% to 1.3%, Fe 35% to 63%, and S 6% to 28%;
(c)所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.15％～0.6％、Co 0.006％～0.01％、Fe 30％～45％；(c) The main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.15% ~ 0.6%, Co 0.006% ~ 0.01%, Fe 30% ~ 45%;
(d)所述富钴高镍锍的主要化学成分为：Ni 58％～81％、Co 1.1％～4.3％、S 8％～15％；(d) The main chemical components of the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte are: Ni 58% to 81%, Co 1.1% to 4.3%, S 8% to 15%;
(e)所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.3％～2.4％、Co 0.06％～0.27％、Fe20％～65％。(e) The main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3% to 2.4%, Co 0.06% to 0.27%, and Fe 20% to 65%.
进一步地，所述硫化剂1为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种；所述熔剂1为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种；所述还原剂1为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种。Further, the vulcanizing agent 1 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals; the flux 1 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, coke , at least one of blue carbon and graphite powder.
进一步地，步骤S2中，所述硫化剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量的8％～25％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～15％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～18％。Further, in step S2, the mass of the sulfiding agent 1 is 8% to 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, the mass of the flux 1 is 3% to 15% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 It is 3% to 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore.
进一步地，步骤S3中，所述硫化剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量的3％～12％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～10％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～9％。Further, in step S3, the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 3% to 12% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls, the mass of the flux 1 is 1% to 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls, and the reducing agent 1 The quality is 1% to 9% of the quality of laterite nickel ore balls.
进一步地，步骤S3中，所述熔炼时，通入燃料、氧气和压缩空气，氧气的纯度为90％～98％，富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为60％～80％，燃料的过剩系数为75％～90％，总熔炼系数为76％～100％，熔炼温度为1230℃～1600℃，所述燃料为天然气、粉煤、重油中的至少一种。Further, in step S3, during the smelting, fuel, oxygen and compressed air are introduced, the purity of oxygen is 90% to 98%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 60% to 80%, and the excess coefficient of fuel is The total melting coefficient is 75% to 90%, the total melting coefficient is 76% to 100%, the melting temperature is 1230°C to 1600°C, and the fuel is at least one of natural gas, pulverized coal, and heavy oil.
进一步地，步骤S3中，所述吹炼工序中，鼓风量为12000Nm 3/h～30000Nm 3/h，吹炼温度为1220℃～1330℃，吹炼时间为1～2h，所述熔剂2为石英石，所述熔剂2的用量为水淬后所得贫钴低镍锍粒质量的2％～11％。 Further, in step S3, in the blowing process, the air blast volume is 12000Nm 3 /h ~ 30000Nm 3 /h, the blowing temperature is 1220°C ~ 1330°C, the blowing time is 1 ~ 2h, and the flux 2 is Quartz stone, the dosage of the flux 2 is 2% to 11% of the mass of the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte particles obtained after water quenching.
进一步地，步骤S4中，所述贫化分离的温度为1250℃～1450℃，所述熔剂3为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％。Further, in step S4, the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C, the flux 3 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone, and the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 2% of the mass of the smelting slag. 6%.
进一步地，步骤S5中，所述贫化分离的温度为1250℃～1450℃，所述熔剂4为石灰石，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％；所述硫化剂2为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种，所述硫化剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的6％～13％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种，所述还原剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的2％～8％。Further, in step S5, the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C, the flux 4 is limestone, the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag; the vulcanizing agent 2 It is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals. The mass of the vulcanizing agent 2 is 6% to 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, coke, blue charcoal, At least one kind of graphite powder, the mass of the reducing agent 2 is 2% to 8% of the mass of the blowing slag.
进一步地，所述步骤S4和步骤S5中的浮选需要加入捕收剂、起泡剂和活化剂；所述捕收剂为黄药、黑药中的至少一种；所述起泡剂为2#油、醇、甲基异丁基甲醇和松醇油类中的至少一种；所述活化剂为Na 2S。 Further, the flotation in steps S4 and S5 requires the addition of a collector, a foaming agent and an activator; the collector is at least one of xanthate and black powder; the foaming agent is At least one of 2# oil, alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol and pine alcohol oil; the activator is Na 2 S.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明的方法去除了传统红土镍矿冶炼方法中的回转窑预还原焙烧环节，将红土镍矿破碎、干燥、制球后直接加入侧吹炉还原硫化熔炼生产贫钴低冰镍，既节省了回转窑系统的制造成本和能耗成本，又缩短了红土镍矿冶炼工艺流程，可使生产快速化、连续化、大规模化。(1) The method of the present invention eliminates the rotary kiln pre-reduction roasting link in the traditional laterite nickel ore smelting method. The laterite nickel ore is crushed, dried, and pelletized, and then directly added to the side-blown furnace for reduction and sulfurization smelting to produce cobalt-poor and low matte nickel. It saves the manufacturing cost and energy consumption cost of the rotary kiln system, and shortens the smelting process of laterite nickel ore, which can make production rapid, continuous and large-scale.
(2)本发明的方法能有效富集提取镍、钴等有价金属，利用金属镍对硫的亲和力接近于铁，而对氧的亲和力远小于铁的性质，在氧化程度不同的造锍熔炼过程中，使镍、钴氧化物在硫化剂作用下反应生成Ni 3S 2和CoS，而分阶段使铁的硫化物不断氧化成氧化物，随后与脉石造渣而除去；具有对物料适应性强，适用于各种冶炼渣型，对燃料、还原剂、硫化剂的种类性质要求不高，安全性、环保性好，投资省、工艺流程短、劳动强度低，热效率高，综合能耗低等特点。 (2) The method of the present invention can effectively enrich and extract valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt. The affinity of metallic nickel to sulfur is close to that of iron, while the affinity to oxygen is much smaller than that of iron. It can be used in matte-making smelting with different degrees of oxidation. During the process, nickel and cobalt oxides are reacted under the action of vulcanizing agent to generate Ni 3 S 2 and CoS, and the iron sulfide is continuously oxidized into oxides in stages, and then slagging with gangue is removed; it has adaptability to materials Strong, suitable for various smelting slag types, with low requirements on the types and properties of fuel, reducing agent, and vulcanizing agent, good safety and environmental protection, low investment, short process flow, low labor intensity, high thermal efficiency, and low overall energy consumption Features.
(3)本发明在熔炼渣中加入熔剂调节熔炼渣组分，采用沉降电炉进行贫化分离，富集贫钴低镍锍，所得电炉渣1经过冷却、破碎研磨、浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1经过磁选出镍钴合金1和尾渣2；而吹炼渣采用沉降电炉还原硫化熔炼产出富钴低冰镍、电炉渣2，电炉渣2经过冷却、破碎研磨、浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3经过磁选出镍钴合金2和尾渣4；本发明的方法能有效除杂富集镍钴等有价金属，流程工艺简单，可充分利用熔炼渣和吹炼渣潜热，产出的尾渣可再生利用。(3) In the present invention, flux is added to the smelting slag to adjust the smelting slag components, and a settling electric furnace is used for depletion and separation to enrich cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte. The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is cooled, crushed, ground, and floated to obtain a nickel-cobalt concentrate. 1 and tailings 1. The tailings 1 is magnetically selected to select nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; while the blowing slag is reduced and sulfurized by a settling electric furnace to produce cobalt-rich low ice nickel and electric furnace slag 2. The electric furnace slag 2 is cooled and The nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3 are separated by crushing, grinding and flotation. The tailings 3 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4. The method of the present invention can effectively remove impurities and enrich valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt. The process The process is simple, can make full use of the latent heat of smelting slag and blowing slag, and the produced tailings can be reused.
(4)通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：整个系统镍回收率为91％～99％、钴回收率为90％～98％，经济价值高。(4) Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that the nickel recovery rate of the entire system is 91% to 99%, and the cobalt recovery rate is 90% to 98%, which has high economic value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法的工艺流程图。Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例和附图对本发 明作进一步的说明。In order to better explain the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.
现有红土镍矿制备镍硫的方法中需要增加回转窑烟气脱硫系统，能耗高、成本高，过程复杂。The existing method of preparing nickel sulfur from laterite nickel ore requires the addition of a rotary kiln flue gas desulfurization system, which requires high energy consumption, high costs, and a complicated process.
针对此，本发明提出以下技术方案。根据本发明的一种典型的实施方式，提供一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法。参考图1，该方法包括以下步骤：In view of this, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions. According to a typical implementation of the present invention, a method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is provided. Referring to Figure 1, the method includes the following steps:
S1：将红土镍矿进行干燥处理，使红土镍矿含水量为12％～23％；S1: Dry the laterite nickel ore so that the moisture content of the laterite nickel ore is 12% to 23%;
S2：将干燥后的红土镍矿、硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1进行配料并压球成型，得到红土镍矿球；S2: Mix the dried laterite nickel ore, sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 and press them into balls to obtain laterite nickel ore balls;
S3：将红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂1和熔剂1组成的炉料进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中所述贫钴低镍锍1经水淬后，加入熔剂2进入吹炼工序，得到富钴高镍锍、吹炼渣和烟气；S3: Smelting the charge composed of laterite nickel ore balls, sulfiding agent 1, reducing agent 1 and flux 1 to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and flue gas; wherein the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by water Finally, add flux 2 and enter the blowing process to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte, blowing slag and flue gas;
S4：向所述熔炼渣中加入熔剂3，再进行贫化分离，得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所述电炉渣2经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿1和尾渣1；所述尾渣1进行磁选，得到镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所述贫钴低镍锍2、镍钴精矿1和镍钴合金1进入吹炼工序；S4: Add flux 3 to the smelting slag, and then perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground and then flotated to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate. Ore 1 and tailings 1; the tailings 1 is magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 enter the blowing process;
S5：向所述吹炼渣中硫化剂2、还原剂2和熔剂4后，再进行贫化分离，得到富钴低镍硫、电炉渣2和烟气；所述电炉渣2经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿2和尾渣3；所述尾渣3进行磁选，得到镍钴合金2和尾渣4；所述富钴低镍硫、镍钴精矿2和镍钴合金2进入吹炼工序。S5: After adding sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent 2 and flux 4 to the blowing slag, perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground Flotation is performed to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3; the tailings 3 is magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4; the cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt Alloy 2 enters the blowing process.
应用本发明的技术方案，制备镍硫工艺中采用富氧侧吹炉进行熔炼还原，然后进行吹炼得到富钴高镍锍，所得熔炼渣和吹炼渣采用沉降电炉进行进一步的贫化分离，所得电炉渣经过破碎研磨、浮选、磁选得到的镍钴合金、富钴低镍硫/贫钴低镍锍镍钴精矿再进入吹炼工序，可以有效的富集镍、钴等有价金属，充分利用熔炼渣和吹炼渣的潜热，提高红土镍矿的利用率。Applying the technical solution of the present invention, in the nickel-sulfur preparation process, an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is used for smelting and reduction, and then blowing is performed to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte. The resulting smelting slag and blowing slag are further depleted and separated using a settling electric furnace. The obtained electric furnace slag is crushed, ground, flotated, and magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy, cobalt-rich low-nickel-sulfur/cobalt-poor low-nickel matte nickel-cobalt concentrate, and then enters the blowing process, which can effectively enrich valuable materials such as nickel and cobalt. Metal, make full use of the latent heat of smelting slag and blowing slag, and improve the utilization rate of laterite nickel ore.
本发明通过将红土镍矿、硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1配置成球，可以提高红土镍矿的硫化效果。干燥后的红土镍矿有大量的细矿粉末，直接入炉容易被吸入烟道，形成大量的烟尘，不利于进行硫化；硫化剂本身就容易挥发，需要在碳的作用下进行硫化，若是没有将原料压制成球，硫化剂挥发，需要更多的硫化剂，延长硫化时间且增加成本，同时会降低红土镍矿的硫化效果。The present invention can improve the sulfidation effect of laterite nickel ore by configuring laterite nickel ore, sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 into balls. The dried laterite nickel ore contains a large amount of fine ore powder, which is easily inhaled into the flue when directly put into the furnace, forming a large amount of smoke and dust, which is not conducive to vulcanization; the vulcanizing agent itself is easy to volatilize, and needs to be vulcanized under the action of carbon. If there is no When the raw materials are pressed into balls, the vulcanizing agent volatilizes, requiring more vulcanizing agent, prolonging the vulcanizing time and increasing costs, and at the same time reducing the sulfurizing effect of laterite nickel ore.
为了进一步提高含镍物料的回收率，在一种优选的实施方式中，将红土镍矿进行干燥处理之前，需要进行破碎筛分处理，所述破碎的仪器可以是本领域的常用仪器，比如颚式破碎机、旋回破碎机等，破碎后红土镍矿的D 90＝0.5mm～6mm，所述红土镍矿的主要化学 成分为：Ni 0.6％～3％、Co 0.01％～1.1％、Fe 20％～41％、MgO 1.3％～15％、SiO 210％～45％。干燥后的红土镍矿经皮带传输机送入圆盘制粒机，与硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1混合制粒后，所得红土镍矿球由皮带传输机从富氧侧吹炉顶连续送入富氧侧吹炉内，每吨红土镍矿球团配入风量为100Nm 3/t～600Nm 3/t。 In order to further improve the recovery rate of nickel-containing materials, in a preferred embodiment, the laterite nickel ore needs to be crushed and screened before drying. The crushing instrument can be a commonly used instrument in this field, such as a jaw. Type crusher, gyratory crusher, etc., the D 90 of the crushed laterite nickel ore = 0.5mm~6mm, the main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6%~3%, Co 0.01%~1.1%, Fe 20 %～41%, MgO 1.3%～15%, SiO 2 10%～45%. The dried laterite nickel ore is sent to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. After being mixed with vulcanizing agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 for granulation, the resulting laterite nickel ore balls are blown from the oxygen-rich side to the top of the furnace by a belt conveyor. Continuously fed into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, the air volume for each ton of laterite nickel ore pellets is 100Nm 3 /t ~ 600Nm 3 /t.
在本发明一典型的实施方式中，所述硫化剂1为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种；所述熔剂1为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种；所述还原剂1为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种。In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the vulcanizing agent 1 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals; the flux 1 is at least one of limestone and quartz; The reducing agent 1 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue charcoal, and graphite powder.
在本发明一典型的实施方式中，在制粒过程中，所述硫化剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量的8％～25％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～15％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～18％。In a typical embodiment of the present invention, during the granulation process, the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 8% to 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore, and the mass of the flux 1 is 3% to 15% of the mass of laterite nickel ore. %, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 3% to 18% of the mass of laterite nickel ore.
为了进一步提高红土镍矿的还原硫化效果，在富氧侧吹炉内的还原硫化过程中还需要加入硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂1、燃料、氧气和空气；所述硫化剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量的3％～12％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～10％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～9％；所述氧气的纯度为90％～98％，所述燃料为天然气、粉煤、重油中的至少一种。硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1由皮带传输机从富氧侧吹炉顶连续送入富氧侧吹炉内；燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中，富氧空气强烈搅拌熔体，风嘴以上部分形成絮流运动；混合物料在强烈搅拌的熔体作用下快速熔化分散，实现了很好的传热和传质过程，红土镍矿与还原剂、硫化剂1及熔剂1充分还原、硫化生成贫钴低镍硫、熔炼渣及烟气。贫钴低镍硫和熔炼渣流入虹吸室进一步分离，熔炼渣从渣口放出经溜槽流入沉降电炉，贫钴低镍硫从虹吸口连续放出送入转炉吹炼。熔炼产生的烟气经过炉顶排烟口进入余热锅炉，余热锅炉产生的饱和蒸汽送发电工序发电，部分余热可送至干燥窑烘烤红土镍矿。预热锅炉出口烟气经过电收尘器、布袋收尘器收集烟尘，脱尘烟气经过脱硫脱硝后达标排放。In order to further improve the reduction and sulfurization effect of laterite nickel ore, it is also necessary to add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1, reducing agent 1, fuel, oxygen and air during the reduction and sulfurizing process in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace; the quality of the sulfiding agent 1 It is 3% to 12% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls, the mass of the flux 1 is 1% to 10% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 1% to 9% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; The purity of the oxygen is 90% to 98%, and the fuel is at least one of natural gas, pulverized coal, and heavy oil. Vulcanizing agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 are continuously fed into the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace from the top of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace by a belt conveyor; fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are sprayed from the nozzle port on the side of the furnace to the oxygen-enriched side. In the molten pool of the blowing furnace, the oxygen-rich air stirs the melt strongly, and the part above the tuyere forms a floc movement; the mixed material is quickly melted and dispersed under the action of the strongly stirred melt, achieving good heat and mass transfer processes. Laterite nickel ore is fully reduced and sulfurized with reducing agent, sulfiding agent 1 and flux 1 to generate cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur, smelting slag and flue gas. The cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur and the smelting slag flow into the siphon chamber for further separation. The smelting slag is released from the slag port and flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute. The cobalt-poor and low-nickel sulfur is continuously released from the siphon port and sent to the converter for blowing. The flue gas generated by smelting enters the waste heat boiler through the exhaust port on the furnace top. The saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent to the power generation process to generate electricity. Part of the waste heat can be sent to the drying kiln to bake laterite nickel ore. The flue gas at the outlet of the preheating boiler is collected by an electric precipitator and a bag dust collector, and the dedusted flue gas is discharged up to standard after desulfurization and denitrification.
优选地，所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 11％～30％、Co 0.1％～1.3％、Fe 35％～63％、S 6％～28％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.15％～0.6％、Co 0.006％～0.01％、Fe 30％～45％。Preferably, the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11% to 30%, Co 0.1% to 1.3%, Fe 35% to 63%, S 6% to 28%; the smelting slag The main chemical components are: Ni 0.15% ~ 0.6%, Co 0.006% ~ 0.01%, Fe 30% ~ 45%.
在本发明一典型的实施方式中，在熔炼过程中，富氧侧吹炉内的熔炼温度为1230℃～1600℃，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为60％～80％，燃料的过剩系数为75％～90％，总熔炼系数为76％～100％。在上述条件下，一方面有利于节约能源，另一方面有利于提高对镍的选择性还原，从而为获得富钴高镍硫做准备。此外，通过调节富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度和燃料的过剩系数，达到热量平衡，并且具有较好的还原氛围，有利于深度还原的进行。In a typical embodiment of the present invention, during the smelting process, the smelting temperature in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 1230°C to 1600°C, and the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 60% to 80% %, the excess coefficient of fuel is 75% to 90%, and the total melting coefficient is 76% to 100%. Under the above conditions, on the one hand, it is beneficial to save energy, and on the other hand, it is beneficial to improve the selective reduction of nickel, thus preparing to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel sulfur. In addition, by adjusting the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air and the excess coefficient of fuel, a heat balance is achieved and a better reduction atmosphere is provided, which is conducive to deep reduction.
优选地，在吹炼工序中，鼓风量为12000Nm 3/h～30000Nm 3/h，吹炼温度为 1220℃～1330℃，吹炼时间为1～2h，所述熔剂2为石英石，所述熔剂2的用量为水淬后所得贫钴低镍锍粒质量的2％～11％。 Preferably, in the blowing process, the air blast volume is 12000Nm 3 /h ~ 30000Nm 3 /h, the blowing temperature is 1220°C ~ 1330°C, the blowing time is 1 ~ 2h, the flux 2 is quartz stone, and the The dosage of flux 2 is 2% to 11% of the mass of the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte particles obtained after water quenching.
在上述条件下，可以获得品位高的镍硫以及吹炼渣，所述富钴高镍锍的主要化学成分为：Ni 58％～81％、Co 1.1％～4.3％、S 8％～15％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.3％～2.4％、Co 0.06％～0.27％、Fe20％～65％。Under the above conditions, high-grade nickel sulfur and blowing slag can be obtained. The main chemical components of the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte are: Ni 58% ~ 81%, Co 1.1% ~ 4.3%, S 8% ~ 15% ; The main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3% ~ 2.4%, Co 0.06% ~ 0.27%, Fe 20% ~ 65%.
在本发明一典型的实施方式中，熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，借助插入熔体中的电极产生的电阻热、电弧热，对侧吹炉排出的锍渣混合物进行保温、澄清、贫化分离，以达到锍、渣分离的目的；加入熔剂3调节炉渣组分，控制温度至1250℃～1450℃，混合熔体液面随放渣时间推移逐渐上升，熔体中的镍钴等有价金属锍不断从炉渣中分离沉降到炉底富集，并通过金属排放口间断式地将贫钴低镍锍排放至底吹炉或转炉吹炼；In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the smelting slag continuously flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute, and the matte slag mixture discharged from the side-blown furnace is insulated, clarified, and depleted with the help of resistance heat and arc heat generated by electrodes inserted into the melt. Separate to achieve the purpose of matte and slag separation; add flux 3 to adjust the slag composition, control the temperature to 1250°C ~ 1450°C, the mixed melt liquid level gradually rises as the slag discharge time goes by, and the nickel, cobalt, etc. in the melt are valuable The metal matte is continuously separated from the slag and settled at the bottom of the furnace for enrichment, and the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte is intermittently discharged through the metal discharge port to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing;
优选地，所述熔剂3为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％。Preferably, the flux 3 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone, and the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag.
电炉渣1则通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却42h～50h，再喷水冷却25h～35h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-200目或-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2。系统生成的镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1返回底吹炉或转炉进行吹炼作业。The electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag truck for natural cooling for 42h to 50h, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25h to 35h until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is broken , grind to -200 mesh or -300 mesh to make raw slag ore, add collector, foaming agent, and activator to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and magnetic separation of tailings 1 to separate nickel Cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2. The nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 generated by the system are returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing operations.
优选地，所述捕收剂为黄药、黑药、脂肪酸、烷基磺酸盐或煤油中的一种或多种，所述捕收剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加50g～200g；所述起泡剂为2#油、醇、甲基异丁基甲醇和三乙氧基丁烷中的一种或多种，所述起泡剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加20g～50g；所述活化剂为Na 2S，所述活化剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加50g～300g。 Preferably, the collector is one or more of xanthate, black drug, fatty acid, alkyl sulfonate or kerosene, and the dosage of the collector is 50g to 200g per ton of raw slag ore; The foaming agent is one or more of 2# oil, alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol and triethoxybutane. The dosage of the foaming agent is 20g~50g per ton of raw slag ore. ; The activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 50g to 300g per ton of raw slag ore.
优选地，所述黄药为乙基黄药、丁基黄药、异丙基黄药、异丁基黄药、戊基黄药、己基黄药中的至少一种，不限于上述记载，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择所用的黄药。Preferably, the xanthate is at least one of ethyl xanthate, butyl xanthate, isopropyl xanthate, isobutyl xanthate, pentyl xanthate, and hexyl xanthate. It is not limited to the above description. Technology in the art Personnel can choose the xanthate used according to actual needs.
优选地，所述黑药为酚黑药、醇黑药、氧烷醇黑药中的至少一种，不限于上述记载，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择所用的黑药。Preferably, the black powder is at least one of phenol black powder, alcohol alcohol powder, and oxyalkanol black powder. It is not limited to the above description. Those skilled in the art can select the black powder used according to actual needs.
在本发明一典型的实施方式中，吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，根据实际情况加入硫化剂2、还原剂和熔剂4，控制电炉温度1250℃～1450℃，利用金属镍对硫的亲和力接近于铁，而对氧的亲和力远小于铁的性质，在氧化程度不同的造锍熔炼过程中，使镍、钴氧化物在硫化剂4作用下反应生成Ni 3S 2和CoS，而分阶段使铁的硫化物不断氧化成氧化物，随后与脉石造渣而除去。 In a typical implementation of the present invention, the blowing slag continuously flows into the settling electric furnace through the chute, and the vulcanizing agent 2, the reducing agent and the flux 4 are added according to the actual situation, and the temperature of the electric furnace is controlled to 1250°C to 1450°C, using the affinity of metal nickel for sulfur. It is close to iron, but its affinity for oxygen is much smaller than that of iron. During the matte-making smelting process with different degrees of oxidation, nickel and cobalt oxides react under the action of vulcanizing agent 4 to generate Ni 3 S 2 and CoS, which are formed in stages. The sulfide of iron is continuously oxidized into oxide, and then slagging with gangue is removed.
优选地，所述熔剂4为石灰石，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％；所述硫化 剂2为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种，所述硫化剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的6％～13％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种，所述还原剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的2％～8％。Preferably, the flux 4 is limestone, the mass of the flux 3 is 2% to 6% of the mass of the smelting slag; the sulfurizing agent 2 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals, The mass of the vulcanizing agent 2 is 6% to 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue carbon, and graphite powder, and the mass of the reducing agent 2 is 2% to 8% of the slag mass.
最后通过沉降电炉还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，富钴低镍锍返回底吹炉或转炉吹炼，而电炉渣2则通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却35h～45h，再喷水冷却20h～32h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目或-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4。系统生成的镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2返回底吹炉或转炉进行吹炼作业。Finally, reduction and sulfurization in the settling electric furnace is used to generate cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte, electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas. The cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing, while the electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port and used The slag package truck is transferred to the slag package field for natural cooling for 35h~45h, and then water is sprayed for cooling for 20h~32h until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh or -300 mesh to make slag raw ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and the tailings 3. The tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4. The nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 generated by the system are returned to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing operations.
优选地，所述捕收剂为黄药、黑药中一种或多种，所述捕收剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加50g～200g；所述起泡剂为2#油、醇、甲基异丁基甲醇和三乙氧基丁烷中一种或多种，所述起泡剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加20g～50g；所述活化剂为Na 2S，所述活化剂的用量为每吨渣原矿中添加50g～300g。 Preferably, the collector is one or more of xanthate and black drug, and the dosage of the collector is 50g to 200g per ton of raw slag ore; the foaming agent is 2# oil, alcohol , one or more of methyl isobutyl carbinol and triethoxybutane, the dosage of the foaming agent is 20g to 50g added per ton of raw slag ore; the activator is Na 2 S, the The dosage of activator is 50g~300g per ton of raw slag ore.
富钴高镍锍通过浇铸系统浇铸成富钴高镍锍块，富钴高镍锍块可湿法处理得到硫酸镍和硫酸钴电池级材料制造新能源电池；镍钴精矿1和镍钴精矿2返回底吹炉或转炉吹炼回收镍、钴等有价金属；尾矿2和尾矿4直接外售炼钢或做电磁功能材料；侧吹炉、吹炼炉和沉降电炉产生的烟气经过炉顶排烟口进入余热锅炉，余热锅炉产生的饱和蒸汽送发电工序发电，部分余热可送至干燥窑烘烤红土镍矿。预热锅炉出口烟气经过电收尘器、布袋收尘器收集烟尘，脱尘烟气经过脱硫脱硝后达标排放；而收集的烟尘可返回混合制粒工序参与配料制粒，或直接返回侧吹炉配料参与还原硫化熔炼。The cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte is cast into a cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte block through a casting system. The cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte block can be wet-processed to obtain nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate battery-grade materials to manufacture new energy batteries; nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 Return to the bottom blowing furnace or converter for blowing to recover nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals; tailings 2 and 4 are directly sold to outsiders for steelmaking or electromagnetic functional materials; flue gas generated by side blowing furnaces, blowing furnaces and settling electric furnaces It enters the waste heat boiler through the exhaust port on the furnace top. The saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent to the power generation process to generate electricity. Part of the waste heat can be sent to the drying kiln to bake laterite nickel ore. The flue gas at the outlet of the preheating boiler collects smoke dust through an electric precipitator and a bag dust collector. The dedusted flue gas reaches the standard after desulfurization and denitrification. The collected smoke dust can be returned to the mixing and granulation process to participate in batching and granulation, or directly returned to side blowing. Furnace ingredients participate in reduction vulcanization smelting.
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased in the market or prepared by existing methods.
实施例1Example 1
一种利用富氧侧吹炉直接处理红土镍矿的方法，包括以下具体步骤：A method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, including the following specific steps:
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿91％以上矿粒度为1mm；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为15％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.13％、Co 0.12％、Fe 30.57％、MgO 9.87％、SiO 2 24.61％； (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 91% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 1mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 15%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.13%, Co 0.12%, Fe 30.57%, MgO 9.87%, SiO 2 24.61%;
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂和烟尘 进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为14mm；其中，硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的10％；熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的8％；所述还原剂1为无烟煤，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的5％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredients calculation, add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent, and mix the laterite nickel ore with the sulfiding agent. 1. Flux 1, reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls. The balling rate is 98%. The diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 14mm. Among them, the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum. It is 10% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 8% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 8% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 5%;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂1、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从富氧侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹炉内，每吨红土镍矿球配入的风量为200Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为98％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为80％，燃料的过剩系数为88％，富氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为90％，熔炼温度1500℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为天然气，燃料的配入量为红土镍矿球质量的30％；所述还原剂为无烟煤，还原剂的配入量为红土镍矿球质量的6％；所述硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的10％；所述熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的4％；所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 18.29％、Co 0.27％、；Fe 56.84％、S 20.68％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.25％、Co 0.007％、Fe 40.83％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent 1, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace through a metering belt. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls The air volume added is 200Nm 3 /t. Fuel, oxygen and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and smoke. gas; among them, the purity of oxygen is 98%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 80%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 88%, and the total smelting coefficient of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 90%. The melting temperature is 1500°C, and the reduction and vulcanization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 30% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent is nickel laterite. 6% of the mass of the ore balls; the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the amount of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 1 is 10% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. 4% of the mass; the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 18.29%, Co 0.27%, Fe 56.84%, S 20.68%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.25%, Co 0.007%, Fe 40.83%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1260℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱硫造渣吹炼作业1.3h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为24500Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的6％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 76.39％、Co 2.81％、S 8.36％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.38％、Co 0.13％、Fe 65％； After the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, it is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles, and is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor. Compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. At 1260°C The deirification, desulfurization and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 1.3 hours, producing high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas; wherein the injection volume of the compressed air was 24500Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz Stone, the amount of flux 2 is 6% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt high nickel matte are: Ni 76.39%, Co 2.81%, S 8.36%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.38%, Co 0.13%, Fe 65%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节温度至1290℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；(4) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1290°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，然后用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却42h，再喷水冷却25h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2，所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石灰石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的3％；所述捕收剂为戊基黄药，捕收剂的用量为60g/t；所述起泡剂为2#油，起泡剂的用量为25g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为70g/t； The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 42 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1. The tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2. The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the addition amount of the flux 3 is 3% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl xanthate , the amount of collector is 60g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the amount of foaming agent is 25g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the amount of activator is 70g/t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂和熔剂4，控制电炉温度为1350℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；(5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1350°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag. 2. and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
所得电炉渣2通过渣口排放至渣包内，然后用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却38h，再 喷水冷却25h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4，所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为黄铁矿，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的10％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量3％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的4％；所述捕收剂为丁基黑药，捕收剂的用量为70g/t；所述起泡剂为甲基异丁基甲醇，起泡剂的用量为30g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为90g/t。 The obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transferred to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 38 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. The tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4. The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 10% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, The amount of flux 4 added is 3% of the mass of blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 4% of the mass of blowing slag; the collector is butyl black powder, and the collector The dosage of the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl methanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 30g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 90g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为98.58％、钴的回收率为95.37％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 98.58% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 95.37%.
实施例2Example 2
一种利用富氧侧吹炉直接处理红土镍矿的方法，包括以下具体步骤：A method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, including the following specific steps:
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿93％以上矿粒度为2m；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为21％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.46％、Co 0.09％、Fe 38.73％、MgO 10.57％、SiO 2 29.43％。 (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 93% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 2m; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 21%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.46%, Co 0.09%, Fe 38.73%, MgO 10.57%, SiO 2 29.43%.
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，通过控制圆盘制粒机转动速率，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂及烟尘进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为29mm；其中，硫化剂1为黄铁矿，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的13％；熔剂1为石英石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的9％；所述还原剂1为焦炭，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的7％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredient calculation, add vulcanizing agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent. By controlling the disc granulator Rotation rate, mix and granulate laterite nickel ore with sulfiding agent 1, flux 1, reducing agent and smoke to form laterite nickel ore balls, the balling rate is 98%, and the diameter of laterite nickel ore balls is 29mm; among them, sulfurizing agent 1 It is pyrite, and the amount of sulfidizing agent 1 is 13% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is 9% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is coke, The dosage of reducing agent 1 is 7% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂1、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从富氧侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹炉内，每吨红土镍矿球团配入的风量为300Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中，进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为94％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为75％，燃料的过剩系数为83％，富氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为88％，熔炼温度1550℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为粉煤，燃料的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的25％；所述还原剂为焦炭，还原剂的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的6％；所述硫化剂1为黄铁矿，硫化剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的7％；所述熔剂1为石英石，熔剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的4％。所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 17.92％、Co 0.89％、Fe 42.1％、S 19.38％。熔炼炉渣的主要化学成分是：Ni 0.18％、Co 0.008％、Fe 40.24％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent 1, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace through a metering belt. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls The air volume added to the group is 300Nm 3 /t. Fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1 and smelting slag. and flue gas; among them, the purity of oxygen is 94%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 75%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 83%, and the total smelting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 88 %, the melting temperature is 1550°C, and the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is pulverized coal, and the amount of the fuel is 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is coke, and the amount of the reducing agent is It is 6% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the sulfiding agent 1 is pyrite, and the amount of sulfiding agent 1 is 7% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is The amount is 4% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls. The main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 17.92%, Co 0.89%, Fe 42.1%, and S 19.38%. The main chemical components of smelting slag are: Ni 0.18%, Co 0.008%, Fe 40.24%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1240℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱硫造渣吹炼作业1.5h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为 25600Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的8％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 71.58％、Co 2.47％、S 13.46％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.84％、Co 0.14％、Fe 20％； After the obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, it is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles, and is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor. Compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. At 1240°C The deirification, desulfurization and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 1.5 hours, producing high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas; wherein the injection volume of the compressed air was 25600Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz Stone, the amount of flux 2 is 8% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt high nickel matte are: Ni 71.58%, Co 2.47%, S 13.46%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.84%, Co 0.14%, Fe 20%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节温度至1300℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；(4) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1300°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，然后用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却46h，再喷水冷却27h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2，所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石英石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的4％；所述捕收剂为戊基黑药，捕收剂的用量为100g/t；所述起泡剂为乙醇，起泡剂的用量为40g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为120g/t； The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transferred to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 46 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 27 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1. The tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2. The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is quartz stone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 4% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl black The dosage of the collector is 100g/t; the foaming agent is ethanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 40g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 120g/t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂2和熔剂4，控制电炉温度为1400℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；(5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent 2 and flux 4, control the temperature of the electric furnace to 1400°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte, electrolyte Slag 2 and flue gas, and the resulting cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte are sent to the blowing process;
所得电炉渣2通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却39h，再喷水冷却25h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4，所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为黄铁矿，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的13％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量的5％；所述还原剂2为焦炭，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的8％；所述捕收剂为丁基黄药，捕收剂的用量为78g/t；所述起泡剂为三乙氧基丁烷，起泡剂的用量为33g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为128g/t。 The obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 39 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. The tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4. The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, The amount of flux 4 added is 5% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is coke, and the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag; the collector is butyl xanthate, and the collector is The dosage of the foaming agent is 78g/t; the foaming agent is triethoxybutane, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 33g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 128g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为95.64％、钴的回收率为94.35％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 95.64% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 94.35%.
实施例3Example 3
一种利用富氧侧吹炉直接处理红土镍矿的方法，包括以下具体步骤：A method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, including the following specific steps:
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿94％以上矿粒度为2.5mm；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为23％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.57％、Co 0.17％、Fe 36.94％、MgO 12.49％、SiO 2 30.68％； (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 94% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 2.5mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. After drying and dehydration, the water content of laterite nickel ore is The rate is 23%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.57%, Co 0.17%, Fe 36.94%, MgO 12.49%, SiO 2 30.68%;
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配 料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂和烟尘进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为30mm；其中，硫化剂1为石膏和硫磺，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的14％；熔剂1为石灰石和石英石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的9.5％；所述还原剂1为无烟煤和兰炭，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的11％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredients calculation, add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent, and mix the laterite nickel ore with the sulfiding agent. 1. Flux 1, reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls. The ball formation rate is 98%. The diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 30mm. Among them, the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum and sulfur, and the formula of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum and sulfur. The input amount is 14% of the mass of laterite nickel ore; the flux 1 is limestone and quartz stone, and the amount of flux 1 is 9.5% of the mass of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite and blue charcoal, and the formulation of reducing agent 1 is The input amount is 11% of the mass of laterite nickel ore;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹熔炼炉内，每吨红土镍矿球配入的风量为400Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为95.5％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为68.5％，燃料的过剩系数为87％，富氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为89.5％，熔炼温度1490℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为天然气和重油，燃料的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的32％；所述还原剂为无烟煤和石墨粉，还原剂的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的6.5％；所述硫化剂1为石膏和黄铁矿，硫化剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的7.6％；所述熔剂1为石灰石和石英石，熔剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的8.6％；所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 17.66％、Co 0.15％、Fe 56.22％、S 21.34％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.36％、Co 0.009％、Fe 41.37％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added The air volume is 400Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas; Among them, the purity of oxygen is 95.5%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 68.5%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 87%, the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 89.5%, and the melting temperature 1490°C, the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas and heavy oil, and the amount of fuel is 32% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is anthracite and graphite powder, and the amount of reducing agent is It is 6.5% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the sulfiding agent 1 is gypsum and pyrite, and the amount of sulfiding agent 1 is 7.6% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is limestone and quartz stone, and the flux The amount of 1 added is 8.6% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 17.66%, Co 0.15%, Fe 56.22%, S 21.34%; the smelting slag The main chemical components are: Ni 0.36%, Co 0.009%, Fe 41.37%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1320℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱硫造渣吹炼作业2h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为28000Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的9.5％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 70.29％、Co 2.13％、S 14.28％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.4％、Co 0.26％、Fe 40％； The obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system, and is stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. The deironing, desulfurizing and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 2 hours, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas were produced; wherein the blowing volume of the compressed air was 28000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 9.5% of the mass of low nickel matte particles. The main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 70.29%, Co 2.13%, S 14.28%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 2.4 %, Co 0.26%, Fe 40%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节温度至1330℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；(4) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1330°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor Low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却44h，再喷水冷却31h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-200目或-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石灰石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的3.7％；所述捕收剂为己基黄药，捕收剂的用量为150g/t；所述起泡剂为2#油，起泡剂的用量为50g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为200g/t； The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 44 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 31 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 200 mesh or -300 mesh is made into raw slag ore. Collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1. The tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and Tailings 2; the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 3.7% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is Hexyl xanthate, the collector dosage is 150g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the foaming agent dosage is 50g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, the activator dosage is 200g/t t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂 和熔剂4，控制电炉温度1450℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；(5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1450°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
所得电炉渣2则通过渣口排放至渣包内，然后用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却41h，再喷水冷却32h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4；所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为黄铁矿，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的8.5％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量的5.6％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤和兰炭，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的7.5％；所述捕收剂为煤油，捕收剂的用量为135g/t；所述起泡剂为三乙氧基丁烷，起泡剂的用量为42g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为185g/t。 The obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 41 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 32 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. Collector, foaming agent, and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. The tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4. ; The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the addition amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 8.5% of the blowing slag quality; the flux 4 is limestone , the amount of flux 4 added is 5.6% of the mass of blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite and blue charcoal, the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 7.5% of the mass of blowing slag; the collector is kerosene, The amount of collector is 135g/t; the foaming agent is triethoxybutane, and the amount of foaming agent is 42g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the amount of activator is 185g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为94.33％、钴的回收率为93.75％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 94.33% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 93.75%.
实施例4Example 4
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿90％以上矿粒度为0.5mm；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为12％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.6％、Co 0.01、Fe 41％、MgO 1.3％、SiO 2 10％。 (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 90% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 0.5mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. After drying and dehydration, the water content of laterite nickel ore is The rate is 12%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6%, Co 0.01, Fe 41%, MgO 1.3%, SiO 2 10%.
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂和烟尘进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为12mm；其中，硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的8％；熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的3％；所述还原剂1为无烟煤，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的3％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredients calculation, add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent, and mix the laterite nickel ore with the sulfiding agent. 1. Flux 1, reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls. The balling rate is 98%. The diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 12mm. Among them, the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum. It is 8% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 3% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 3% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 3%;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹熔炼炉内，每吨红土镍矿球配入的风量为100Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为90％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为60％，燃料的过剩系数为75％，富氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为76％，熔炼温度1230℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为天然气，燃料的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的25％；所述还原剂1为石墨粉，还原剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的1％；所述硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1配入量是红土镍矿球质量的3％；所述熔剂为石灰石，熔剂2配入量是红土镍矿球质量的1％；所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 11％、Co 0.1％、Fe 63％、S 28％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.15％、Co 0.006％、Fe 30％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added The air volume is 100Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas; Among them, the purity of oxygen is 90%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air in the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 60%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 75%, the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace is 76%, and the melting temperature 1230°C, the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of fuel is 25% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent 1 is graphite powder, and the amount of reducing agent 1 is laterite 1% of the mass of the nickel ore balls; the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the amount of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 3% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the flux is limestone, and the amount of the flux 2 is the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. 1%; the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11%, Co 0.1%, Fe 63%, S 28%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.15%, Co 0.006% , Fe 30%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1220℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱 硫造渣吹炼作业1h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为12000Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的2％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 58％、Co 1.1％、S 15％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.3％、Co 0.06％，Fe 58.94％； The obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. The deironing, desulfurizing and slag-making blowing operation is carried out under temperature conditions for 1 hour, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas are produced; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air is 12000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 is quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 2% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 58%, Co 1.1%, S 15%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3 %, Co 0.06%, Fe 58.94%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节炉渣组分，控制温度至1250℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；(4) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the slag composition, control the temperature to 1250°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and smoke gas; the obtained cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，然后用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却42h，再喷水冷却25h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石灰石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的2％；所述捕收剂为戊基黑药，捕收剂的用量为50g/t；所述起泡剂为2#油，起泡剂的用量为20g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为50g/t； The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and then transported to the slag bag field by a slag package truck for natural cooling for 42 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 25 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 300 mesh is made into raw slag ore, collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 2% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl black liquor , the amount of collector is 50g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, the amount of foaming agent is 20g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the amount of activator is 50g/t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂和熔剂4，控制电炉温度1250℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；所得电炉渣2通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却35h，再喷水冷却20h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4，所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为石膏，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的6％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量的1％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的2％；所述捕收剂为异丁基黄药，捕收剂的用量为50g/t；所述起泡剂为甲基异丁基甲醇，起泡剂的用量为20g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为50g/t。 (5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1250°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process; the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 35 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 20 hours until the power The slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -300 mesh to make raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. , the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein the sulfurizing agent 2 is gypsum, and the sulfurizing agent 2 is added The amount is 6% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 4 is 1% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent 2 is 2% of the mass of the blowing slag. %; the collector is isobutyl xanthate, and the dosage of the collector is 50g/t; the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl methanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 20g/t; the activation The agent is Na 2 S, and the dosage of activator is 50g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为91.00％、钴的回收率为90.00％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 91.00% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 90.00%.
实施例5Example 5
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿90％以上矿粒度为6mm；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为23％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 3％、Co 1.1％、Fe 20％、MgO 15％、SiO 2 45％； (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 90% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 6mm; then free water is deeply removed in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 23%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 3%, Co 1.1%, Fe 20%, MgO 15%, SiO 2 45%;
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂和烟尘进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为33mm；其中，硫化剂 1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的25％；熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的15％；所述还原剂1为无烟煤，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的18％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredients calculation, add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent, and mix the laterite nickel ore with the sulfiding agent. 1. Flux 1, reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls. The balling rate is 98%. The diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 33mm. Among them, the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum. It is 25% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 15% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 15% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 18%;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹熔炼炉内，每吨红土镍矿球配入的风量为600Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为98％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为80％，燃料的过剩系数为90％，氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为100％，熔炼温度1600℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为天然气，燃料的配入量为是红土镍矿球质量的50％；所述还原剂为无烟煤，还原剂的配入量为红土镍矿球质量的9％；所述硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的12％；所述熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的10％；所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 30％、Co 1.3％、Fe 35％、S 6％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.6％、Co 0.01％、Fe 45％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added The air volume is 600Nm 3 /t. Fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace body into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas; Among them, the purity of oxygen is 98%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 80%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 90%, the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 100%, and the melting temperature is 1600 ℃, the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 50% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent is the laterite nickel ore ball. 9% of the mass; the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the amount of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 12% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 1 is the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. 10%; the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 30%, Co 1.3%, Fe 35%, S 6%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.6%, Co 0.01% , Fe 45%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1330℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱硫造渣吹炼作业2h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为30000Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的11％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 81％、Co 4.3％、S 8％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.4％、Co 0.27％、Fe 60％； The obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. The deironing, desulfurizing and slagging blowing operation is carried out under temperature conditions for 2 hours, and high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas are produced; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air is 30000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 is quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 11% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 81%, Co 4.3%, S 8%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 2.4 %, Co 0.27%, Fe 60%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的高温熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节炉渣组分，控制温度至1450℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；(4) Continuously flow the high-temperature smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the slag composition, control the temperature to 1450°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and Flue gas; the obtained cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently sent to the blowing process through the metal discharge port;
所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却50h，再喷水冷却35h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-300目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石灰石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的6％；所述捕收剂为煤油，捕收剂的用量为200g/t；所述起泡剂为乙醇，起泡剂的用量为50g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为300g/t； The obtained electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 50 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 35 hours until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to - 300 mesh is made into raw slag ore, collector, foaming agent and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and tailings 1 is magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; The obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the amount of flux 3 added is 6% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is kerosene, and the collector is kerosene. The dosage of the foaming agent is 200g/t; the foaming agent is ethanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 50g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 300g/t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂和熔剂4，控制电炉温度1450℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；所得电炉渣2通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却45h，再喷水冷却32h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾 渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4，所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为石膏，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的13％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量的6％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的8％；所述捕收剂为烷基苯烷基磺酸钠，捕收剂的用量为200g/t；所述起泡剂为2#油，起泡剂的用量为50g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，起泡剂的用量为300g/t。 (5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1450°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process; the obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 45 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 32 hours until the electric furnace The slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh to make raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. , the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate the nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and the tailings 4, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein the sulfurizing agent 2 is gypsum, and the sulfurizing agent 2 is added The amount is 13% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone, and the amount of the flux 4 is 6% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent 2 is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag. %; the collector is sodium alkylbenzene alkyl sulfonate, and the dosage of the collector is 200g/t; the foaming agent is 2# oil, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 50g/t; the activation The agent is Na 2 S, and the dosage of foaming agent is 300g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为99.00％、钴的回收率为98.00％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 99.00% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 98.00%.
对比例1Comparative example 1
一种利用富氧侧吹炉直接处理红土镍矿的方法，包括以下具体步骤：A method for directly processing laterite nickel ore using an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, including the following specific steps:
(1)红土镍矿通过颚式破碎机进行破碎筛分处理，破碎后红土镍矿70％以上矿粒度为8mm；然后在干燥窑中深度脱除自由水，干燥脱水后红土镍矿的含水率为25％，所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 2.38％、Co 0.09％、Fe 39.94％、MgO 13.5％、SiO 2 40.36％； (1) Laterite nickel ore is crushed and screened through a jaw crusher. After crushing, more than 70% of the laterite nickel ore has a particle size of 8mm; then free water is removed deeply in a drying kiln. The moisture content of laterite nickel ore after drying and dehydration is 25%. The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 2.38%, Co 0.09%, Fe 39.94%, MgO 13.5%, SiO 2 40.36%;
(2)将步骤(1)所得干燥后的红土镍矿通过皮带输送机运送至圆盘制粒机，根据配料计算，配入硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂，将红土镍矿与硫化剂1、熔剂1、还原剂和烟尘进行混合制粒成红土镍矿球，成球率为98％，红土镍矿球的直径为36mm；其中，硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的4％；熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的18％；所述还原剂1为无烟煤，还原剂1的配入量为红土镍矿质量的20％；(2) Transport the dried laterite nickel ore obtained in step (1) to the disc granulator through a belt conveyor. According to the ingredients calculation, add sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent, and mix the laterite nickel ore with the sulfiding agent. 1. Flux 1, reducing agent and smoke are mixed and granulated into laterite nickel ore balls. The balling rate is 98%. The diameter of the laterite nickel ore balls is 36mm. Among them, the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum. It is 4% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of flux 1 is 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore; the reducing agent 1 is anthracite, and the dosage of reducing agent 1 is 18% of the quality of laterite nickel ore. 20%;
(3)将步骤(2)所得红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂、熔剂1通过计量皮带称从侧吹炉顶连续加入富氧侧吹熔炼炉内，每吨红土镍矿球配入的风量为50Nm 3/t，燃料、氧气、压缩空气从炉体侧身的喷枪口喷吹到富氧侧吹炉的熔池中进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中，氧气的纯度为80％，富氧侧吹炉内富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为50％，燃料的过剩系数为70％，富氧侧吹炉的总熔炼系数为72％，熔炼温度1200℃，还原硫化时间为连续进料；所述燃料为天然气，燃料的配入量为红土镍矿球质量的45％；所述还原剂为无烟煤，还原剂的配入量为红土镍矿球质量的12％；所述硫化剂1为石膏，硫化剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的13％；所述熔剂1为石灰石，熔剂1的配入量是红土镍矿球质量的14％；所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 9.54％、Co 0.10％、Fe 62％、S 28％；所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.58％、Co 0.16％、Fe 51.23％； (3) Continuously add the laterite nickel ore balls, sulfurizing agent 1, reducing agent, and flux 1 obtained in step (2) from the top of the side-blown furnace into the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace through a metering belt scale. Each ton of laterite nickel ore balls is added The air volume is 50Nm 3 /t, and fuel, oxygen, and compressed air are blown from the nozzle on the side of the furnace into the molten pool of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace for smelting to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag, and flue gas; Among them, the purity of oxygen is 80%, the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich air in the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 50%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 70%, the total melting coefficient of the oxygen-rich side-blown furnace is 72%, and the melting temperature 1200°C, the reduction and sulfurization time is continuous feeding; the fuel is natural gas, and the amount of the fuel is 45% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the reducing agent is anthracite, and the amount of the reducing agent is the laterite nickel ore ball. 12% of the mass; the vulcanizing agent 1 is gypsum, and the dosage of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 13% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls; the flux 1 is limestone, and the dosage of the flux 1 is 13% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. 14%; the main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 9.54%, Co 0.10%, Fe 62%, S 28%; the main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.58%, Co 0.16% , Fe 51.23%;
所得贫钴低镍锍1经过水淬系统水淬后，以低冰镍粒形态储存于冰镍仓，并通过皮带运输机加入底吹炉或转炉，鼓入压缩空气，加入熔剂2，在1360℃温度条件下进行脱铁脱硫造渣吹炼作业3h，产出高钴高冰镍、吹炼渣和烟气；其中，所述压缩空气的鼓入量为31000Nm 3/h；所述熔剂2为石英石，熔剂2用量为低冰镍粒质量的16％，所述高钴高冰镍的主要化学成分为：Ni 52.46％、Co 1.18％、S 16.8％；所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 3.6％、Co 0.34％、Fe 15％； The obtained cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by the water quenching system and stored in the nickel matte warehouse in the form of low ice nickel particles. It is added to the bottom blowing furnace or converter through a belt conveyor, compressed air is blown in, and flux 2 is added. The deirification, desulfurization and slagging blowing operation was carried out under temperature conditions for 3 hours to produce high cobalt and high matte nickel, blowing slag and flue gas; wherein, the injection volume of the compressed air was 31000Nm 3 /h; the flux 2 was quartz stone , the amount of flux 2 is 16% of the mass of low nickel matte particles, the main chemical components of the high cobalt and high nickel matte are: Ni 52.46%, Co 1.18%, S 16.8%; the main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 3.6 %, Co 0.34%, Fe 15%;
(4)将步骤(3)产出的熔炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入熔剂3调节温度至1220℃，贫化分离得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所得贫钴低镍锍2通过金属排放口间断式地送入至吹炼工序中；所得电炉渣1通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却35h，再喷水冷却15h，直到电炉渣1完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣1破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿1和尾渣1，尾渣1磁选分离出镍钴合金1和尾渣2，所得镍钴精矿1、镍钴合金1送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述熔剂3为石灰石，熔剂3的加入量为熔炼渣质量的8％；所述捕收剂为戊基白药，捕收剂的用量为250g/t；所述起泡剂为戊醇，起泡剂的用量为60g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为31g/t； (4) Continuously flow the smelting slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add flux 3 to adjust the temperature to 1220°C, and deplete and separate to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the resulting cobalt-poor The low-nickel matte 2 is intermittently fed into the blowing process through the metal discharge port; the resulting electric furnace slag 1 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag bag truck for natural cooling for 35 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 15 hours. Until the electric furnace slag 1 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh to make raw slag ore. A collector, a foaming agent, and an activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out the nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and tailings. Slag 1 and tailings 1 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2, and the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the flux 3 is limestone, and the flux 3 is added The amount is 8% of the mass of the smelting slag; the collector is amyl white liquor, and the dosage of the collector is 250g/t; the foaming agent is amyl alcohol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 60g/t; The activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of activator is 31g/t;
(5)将步骤(3)产出的吹炼渣连续通过溜槽流入沉降电炉，加入硫化剂2、还原剂和熔剂4，控制电炉温度为1200℃，还原硫化生成富钴低镍锍、电炉渣2和烟气，所得富钴低镍锍送入吹炼工序中；(5) Continuously flow the blowing slag produced in step (3) into the settling electric furnace through the chute, add sulfurizing agent 2, reducing agent and flux 4, control the electric furnace temperature to 1200°C, and reduce and sulfurize to produce cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte and electric furnace slag. 2. and flue gas, and the obtained cobalt-rich and low-nickel matte is sent to the blowing process;
所得电炉渣2则通过渣口排放至渣包内，并使用渣包车转运至渣包场自然冷却48h，再喷水冷却13h，直到电炉渣2完全冷却；完全冷却后的电炉渣2破碎、研磨至-200目制成渣原矿，渣原矿中加入捕收剂、起泡剂、活化剂浮选出镍钴精矿2和尾渣3，尾渣3磁选分离出镍钴合金2和尾渣4，所得镍钴精矿2、镍钴合金2送入至吹炼工序；其中，所述硫化剂2为黄铁矿，硫化剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的5％；熔剂4为石灰石，熔剂4的加入量为吹炼渣质量的8％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤，还原剂2的加入量为吹炼渣质量的9％；所述捕收剂为柴油，捕收剂的用量为300g/t；所述起泡剂为丁醇，起泡剂的用量为80g/t；所述活化剂为Na 2S，活化剂的用量为40g/t。 The obtained electric furnace slag 2 is discharged into the slag bag through the slag port, and is transferred to the slag bag field using a slag package truck for natural cooling for 48 hours, and then sprayed with water to cool for 13 hours until the electric furnace slag 2 is completely cooled; the completely cooled electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground to -200 mesh is made into raw slag ore. Collector, foaming agent, and activator are added to the raw slag ore to float out nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3. The tailings 3 are magnetically separated to separate nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4. , the obtained nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel-cobalt alloy 2 are sent to the blowing process; wherein, the sulfiding agent 2 is pyrite, and the added amount of the sulfiding agent 2 is 5% of the mass of the blowing slag; the flux 4 is limestone , the amount of flux 4 added is 8% of the mass of the blowing slag; the reducing agent 2 is anthracite, the amount of reducing agent 2 added is 9% of the mass of the blowing slag; the collector is diesel, and the collector is The dosage is 300g/t; the foaming agent is butanol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 80g/t; the activator is Na 2 S, and the dosage of the activator is 40g/t.
通过配料计算、物料平衡计算和热平衡计算得出：本实施例中，镍的回收率为79.76％、钴的回收率为68.28％。Through batching calculation, material balance calculation and heat balance calculation, it is concluded that in this embodiment, the recovery rate of nickel is 79.76% and the recovery rate of cobalt is 68.28%.
从以上数据可知，本发明所得的高钴高镍锍产品品质高，对比例1所得高钴高镍锍的产品质量差；且本发明方法中的镍回收率和钴回收率高，均≥90％。It can be seen from the above data that the high-cobalt and high-nickel matte product obtained by the present invention has high quality, while the high-cobalt and high-nickel matte product obtained by Comparative Example 1 has poor quality; and the nickel recovery rate and cobalt recovery rate in the method of the present invention are high, both ≥90 %.
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者同等替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that The technical solution of the present invention may be modified or equivalently substituted without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种富氧侧吹炉处理红土镍矿的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for treating laterite nickel ore in an oxygen-rich side-blown furnace, which is characterized by including the following steps:
    S1：将红土镍矿进行干燥处理，使红土镍矿含水量为12％～～23％；S1: Dry the laterite nickel ore so that the moisture content of the laterite nickel ore is 12% to 23%;
    S2：将干燥后的红土镍矿、硫化剂1、熔剂1和还原剂1进行配料并压球成型，得到红土镍矿球；S2: Mix the dried laterite nickel ore, sulfiding agent 1, flux 1 and reducing agent 1 and press them into balls to obtain laterite nickel ore balls;
    S3：将红土镍矿球、硫化剂1、还原剂1和熔剂1组成的炉料进行熔炼，得到贫钴低镍锍1、熔炼渣及烟气；其中所述贫钴低镍锍1经水淬后，加入熔剂2进入吹炼工序，得到富钴高镍锍、吹炼渣和烟气；S3: Smelting the charge composed of laterite nickel ore balls, sulfiding agent 1, reducing agent 1 and flux 1 to obtain cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1, smelting slag and flue gas; wherein the cobalt-poor and low-nickel matte 1 is quenched by water Finally, add flux 2 and enter the blowing process to obtain cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte, blowing slag and flue gas;
    S4：向所述熔炼渣中加入熔剂3，再进行贫化分离，得到贫钴低镍锍2、电炉渣1和烟气；所述电炉渣1经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿1和尾渣1；所述尾渣1进行磁选，得到镍钴合金1和尾渣2；所述贫钴低镍锍2、镍钴精矿1和镍钴合金1进入吹炼工序；S4: Add flux 3 to the smelting slag, and then perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, electric furnace slag 1 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 1 is crushed and ground and then flotated to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate. Ore 1 and tailings 1; the tailings 1 undergoes magnetic separation to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 1 and tailings 2; the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 2, nickel-cobalt concentrate 1 and nickel-cobalt alloy 1 enter the blowing process;
    S5：向所述吹炼渣中加入硫化剂2、还原剂2和熔剂4后，再进行贫化分离，得到富钴低镍硫、电炉渣2和烟气；所述电炉渣2经破碎研磨后进行浮选，得到镍钴精矿2和尾渣3；所述尾渣3进行磁选，得到镍钴合金2和尾渣4；所述富钴低镍硫、镍钴精矿2和镍钴合金2进入吹炼工序。S5: Add vulcanizing agent 2, reducing agent 2 and flux 4 to the blowing slag, and then perform depletion and separation to obtain cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, electric furnace slag 2 and flue gas; the electric furnace slag 2 is crushed and ground Afterwards, flotation is performed to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and tailings 3; the tailings 3 are magnetically separated to obtain nickel-cobalt alloy 2 and tailings 4; the cobalt-rich low-nickel sulfur, nickel-cobalt concentrate 2 and nickel Cobalt alloy 2 enters the blowing process.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，如下(a)～(e)中的至少一项：The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the following (a) to (e):
    (a)所述红土镍矿的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.6％～3％、Co 0.01％～1.1％、Fe 20％～41％、MgO 1.3％～15％、SiO 210％～45％； (a) The main chemical components of the laterite nickel ore are: Ni 0.6% to 3%, Co 0.01% to 1.1%, Fe 20% to 41%, MgO 1.3% to 15%, SiO 2 10% to 45%;
    (b)所述贫钴低镍锍1的主要化学成分为：Ni 11％～30％、Co 0.1％～1.3％、Fe 35％～63％、S 6％～28％；(b) The main chemical components of the cobalt-poor low-nickel matte 1 are: Ni 11% to 30%, Co 0.1% to 1.3%, Fe 35% to 63%, and S 6% to 28%;
    (c)所述熔炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 0.15％～0.6％、Co 0.006％～0.01％、Fe 30％～45％；(c) The main chemical components of the smelting slag are: Ni 0.15% ~ 0.6%, Co 0.006% ~ 0.01%, Fe 30% ~ 45%;
    (d)所述富钴高镍锍的主要化学成分为：Ni 58％～81％、Co 1.1％～4.3％、S 8％～15％；(d) The main chemical components of the cobalt-rich and high-nickel matte are: Ni 58% to 81%, Co 1.1% to 4.3%, S 8% to 15%;
    (e)所述吹炼渣的主要化学成分为：Ni 1.3％～2.4％、Co 0.06％～0.27％、Fe20％～65％。(e) The main chemical components of the blowing slag are: Ni 1.3% to 2.4%, Co 0.06% to 0.27%, and Fe 20% to 65%.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述硫化剂1为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种；所述熔剂1为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种；所述还原剂1为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种。The method according to claim 1, wherein the vulcanizing agent 1 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals; the flux 1 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone. ; The reducing agent 1 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue carbon, and graphite powder.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述硫化剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量的8％～25％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～15％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿质量3％～18％。The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 8% to 25% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore, and the mass of the flux 1 is 3% to 3% of the mass of the laterite nickel ore. 15%, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 3% to 18% by the mass of laterite nickel ore.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述硫化剂1的质量为红土 镍矿球质量的3％～12％，所述熔剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～10％，所述还原剂1的质量为红土镍矿球质量1％～9％。The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mass of the vulcanizing agent 1 is 3% to 12% of the mass of laterite nickel ore balls, and the mass of the flux 1 is 1 mass of the laterite nickel ore balls. % to 10%, and the mass of the reducing agent 1 is 1% to 9% by mass of laterite nickel ore balls.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述熔炼时，通入燃料、氧气和压缩空气，氧气的纯度为90％～98％，富氧空气中氧气的体积浓度为60％～80％，燃料的过剩系数为75％～90％，总熔炼系数为76％～100％，熔炼温度为1230℃～1600℃，所述燃料为天然气、粉煤、重油中的至少一种。The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, during the smelting, fuel, oxygen and compressed air are introduced, the purity of oxygen is 90% to 98%, and the volume concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 60% to 80%, the excess coefficient of fuel is 75% to 90%, the total melting coefficient is 76% to 100%, the melting temperature is 1230°C to 1600°C, and the fuel is at least one of natural gas, pulverized coal, and heavy oil. kind.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述吹炼工序中，鼓风量为12000Nm 3/h～30000Nm 3/h，吹炼温度为1220℃～1330℃，吹炼时间为1～2h，所述熔剂2为石英石，所述熔剂2的用量为水淬后所得冰镍粒质量的2％～11％。 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, in the blowing process, the air blast volume is 12000Nm 3 /h ~ 30000Nm 3 /h, the blowing temperature is 1220°C ~ 1330°C, and the blowing time The duration is 1 to 2 hours, the flux 2 is quartz stone, and the dosage of the flux 2 is 2% to 11% of the mass of the nickel matte particles obtained after water quenching.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述贫化分离的温度为1250℃～1450℃，所述熔剂3为石灰石、石英石中的至少一种，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％。The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C, and the flux 3 is at least one of limestone and quartz stone. The mass is 2% to 6% of the mass of the melting slag.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中，所述贫化分离的温度为1250℃～1450℃，所述熔剂4为石灰石，所述熔剂3的质量为熔炼渣质量的2％～6％；所述硫化剂2为石膏、黄铁矿、硫磺和含硫矿物中的至少一种，所述硫化剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的6％～13％；所述还原剂2为无烟煤、焦炭、兰炭、石墨粉中的至少一种，所述还原剂2的质量为吹炼渣质量的2％～8％。The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the temperature of the depletion separation is 1250°C to 1450°C, the flux 4 is limestone, and the mass of the flux 3 is 2 times the mass of the smelting slag. % to 6%; the vulcanizing agent 2 is at least one of gypsum, pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals, and the mass of the vulcanizing agent 2 is 6% to 13% of the blowing slag mass; the reduction The agent 2 is at least one of anthracite, coke, blue charcoal, and graphite powder, and the mass of the reducing agent 2 is 2% to 8% of the mass of the blowing slag.
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4和步骤S5中的浮选需要加入捕收剂、起泡剂和活化剂；所述捕收剂为黄药、黑药中的至少一种；所述起泡剂为2#油、醇、甲基异丁基甲醇和松醇油类中的至少一种；所述活化剂为Na 2S。 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flotation in steps S4 and S5 requires the addition of a collector, a foaming agent and an activator; the collector is xanthate and black drug. At least one; the foaming agent is at least one of 2# oil, alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol and pine alcohol oils; the activator is Na 2 S.
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CN113265549A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-08-17 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace
CN113957265A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-21 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 Process and system for producing high-nickel matte by continuously converting laterite smelting low-nickel matte
CN114854997A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-08-05 中南大学 Injection type sulfur supplement and strengthening vulcanization method for laterite-nickel ore vulcanization smelting

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