CN112195299B - Device and method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of electric arc furnace - Google Patents
Device and method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of electric arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195299B CN112195299B CN202010829674.8A CN202010829674A CN112195299B CN 112195299 B CN112195299 B CN 112195299B CN 202010829674 A CN202010829674 A CN 202010829674A CN 112195299 B CN112195299 B CN 112195299B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for smelting ferrosilicon based on ferrosilicon nickel slag of an electric arc furnace, wherein the device comprises a feeding system, a heating and reducing system and a control system, wherein the feeding system is used for conveying furnace burden to the electric arc furnace heating and reducing system; the electric arc furnace heating reduction system is used for heating reduction treatment of furnace burden; wherein, electric arc furnace heating reduction system includes: furnace body, electrode, molten bath, spray gun; wherein, the furnace burden in the furnace body is reduced by the molten pool under the heating and electromagnetic stirring action of the electrode to form the silicon-aluminum molten iron and the furnace slag, and part of the reducing agent and part of the slag diluent are sprayed into the molten pool by the spray gun; the tapping system is used for processing the ferro-silico-aluminum and the furnace slag processed by the electric arc furnace heating reduction system; and the flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system is used for recycling flue gas and slag waste heat generated when the electric arc furnace is used for heating and reducing furnace materials. The method can solve the problems that the total utilization amount of the ferronickel slag is low, and Mg, Fe, Si, Al and other elements cannot be comprehensively utilized to cause a large amount of waste of resources and the like at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial solid waste treatment, in particular to a device and a method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace.
Background
The nickel-iron slag is waste slag discharged in the ferronickel smelting process, and along with the gradual expansion of the ferronickel alloy smelting scale in China, the annual discharge amount of the nickel-iron slag exceeds 3000 ten thousand tons, and the nickel-iron slag becomes the fourth-largest smelting slag after iron slag, steel slag and red mud. Compared with other metallurgical slag, the valuable metal of the ferronickel slag is difficult to recover, the slag discharge amount is large, and the problem of metallurgical waste slag treatment is gradually solved. At present, the development of ferronickel slag disposal and utilization technology is relatively lagged, the comprehensive utilization rate of ferronickel slag in China is less than 10%, a large-scale absorption way is lacked, and stacking or landfill treatment is mainly adopted, so that not only is a large amount of land occupied, but also soil and environment are polluted, and serious challenges are brought to the sustainable development of ferronickel smelting.
The process method for smelting ferronickel by the laterite-nickel ore fire method mainly comprises RKEF, namely a rotary kiln drying-electric furnace reduction smelting process, wherein the main component of the ferronickel slag is SiO2、MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3And CaO, the mineral composition mainly comprises fayalite, pyroxene (magnesium-containing), enstatite and the like, and the water-quenched nickel-iron slag also contains a large amount of glass phase. In order to reduce the harm caused by the ferronickel slag and improve the reutilization of secondary resources and explore a green development process for the ferronickel smelting industry, the comprehensive utilization research of the ferronickel slag needs to be enhanced.
At present, aiming at the characteristic that water quenching ferronickel slag contains certain pozzolanic activity, the ferronickel slag can partially replace blast furnace slag, slag and the like to be used for preparing cement or concrete aggregate, can also be used for preparing building materials such as slag fiber, microcrystalline glass and the like by referring to a method for comprehensively utilizing blast furnace slag, slag and fly ash, and is mostly in the research stage of laboratories.
Patent CN201510440419.3 discloses a method for producing concrete by using water quenched nickel iron slag, which can significantly increase the doping amount of water quenched nickel iron slag in concrete, improve the grading problem and workability of concrete aggregate, simultaneously improve the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete, and greatly reduce the cost of concrete.
Patent CN201510187193.0 provides a method for manufacturing slag fibers by using high-temperature liquid ferronickel waste residue and fly ash as raw materials, which can effectively utilize the high-temperature ferronickel waste residue and fly ash for slag fiber production, reduce environmental pollution, and has the advantages of low investment cost and obvious production economic benefit.
Patent CN201410826292.4 describes a method for manufacturing microlite from high-temperature ferronickel alloy waste slag, which mainly comprises the following steps: preparing an additive, preheating, hot mixing and melting, water quenching and cooling, grinding, crystallizing, and finally demoulding to obtain a microlite finished product.
The process or the method of the patent realizes the utilization of the nickel-iron slag to a certain extent, but has low added value of products, limited utilization amount of the nickel-iron slag, and cannot directly and comprehensively utilize elements such as Mg, Fe, Si, Al and the like, thereby causing great waste of resources.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to provide an apparatus and a method for smelting ferrosilico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a device and a method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace, so as to solve the problems that the ferronickel slag is low in utilization amount, cannot directly and comprehensively utilize elements such as Mg, Fe, Si, Al, etc., and causes a great amount of waste of resources.
The invention provides a device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on nickel-iron slag of an electric arc furnace, which comprises a feeding system, an electric arc furnace heating and reducing system, a tapping system and a flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system, wherein the feeding system is connected with the electric arc furnace heating and reducing system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the feeding system is used for conveying furnace materials to the electric arc furnace heating reduction system;
the electric arc furnace heating reduction system is used for heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the electric arc furnace heating reduction system comprises: the device comprises a furnace body, an electrode arranged on the electric arc furnace, a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun arranged on the side wall of the furnace body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the furnace hearth reduces furnace burden in the furnace body under the action of the electrode to form alumino-silicate molten iron and furnace slag, and the spray gun sprays part of reducing agent and part of slag diluent into the furnace hearth;
the tapping and deslagging system is used for processing the ferrosilicon and aluminum and slag tapping and deslagging processed by the electric arc furnace heating reduction system;
and the furnace flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system is used for recycling flue gas and slag waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace during heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden.
Further, it is preferable that the feed system includes: a solid ferronickel slag tank, a solid slag storage tank, a slag flowing pipe and a slag separating pipe, wherein,
the solid ferronickel slag groove is used for conveying furnace burden to the solid slag storage groove;
one end of the slag flowing pipe is arranged at the bottom of the solid slag storage tank, the other end of the slag flowing pipe is connected with the slag separating pipe, and the discharge end of the slag separating pipe is arranged in the electric arc furnace;
wherein, a slag regulating valve is arranged on the slag flowing pipe.
In addition, it is preferable that one end of the electrode is disposed outside the furnace body, and the other end of the electrode is disposed inside the furnace body;
the electrodes are inserted into the charge in the furnace body, and the molten pool is formed in the area on which the high-temperature arc generated under the action of the current acts.
In addition, it is preferable that the electrode is a graphite electrode, wherein,
the graphite electrode is supplied with power through an independent transformer, a water-cooling copper pipe, a clamp and a water-cooling flexible cable.
In addition, the electric arc furnace is a hexagonal or arc furnace body;
the inner side wall of the electric arc furnace is provided with at least three spray guns, the horizontal distances among the spray guns are equal, and the spray guns are wrapped with silicon carbide liners.
In addition, the tapping system preferably comprises a tapping hole arranged on one side wall of the furnace body and a tapping hole arranged on the other side wall of the furnace body, and the tapping hole is higher than the tapping hole;
a ladle and a ladle car for transporting the ladle are arranged below the tapping hole;
and a heat-insulation slag ladle and a slag ladle vehicle for transporting the heat-insulation slag ladle are arranged below the slag outlet.
In addition, a semi-condensed and solid dead material layer is preferably formed in the furnace body close to the furnace wall;
and a dead iron layer is arranged at the bottom in the furnace body, and is arranged below the molten iron outlet.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system comprises a flue gas waste heat boiler and a slag and slag screening system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the side surface of the furnace body of the electric arc furnace is provided with an evaporation cooling furnace wall, the top of the electric arc furnace is provided with an evaporation cooling furnace cover,
the evaporation cooling furnace wall and the evaporation cooling furnace cover are used for carrying out evaporation cooling on the flue gas generated by the electric arc furnace in the heating reduction system;
and the settling chamber is used for carrying out large particle dust settling treatment on high-temperature flue gas generated by the electric arc furnace and then transmitting the high-temperature flue gas into the flue gas waste heat boiler.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the slag waste heat recycling system further comprises a steam turbine connected with the waste heat boiler; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the steam inlet of the steam turbine is connected with the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler;
and the steam inlet of the steam turbine is connected with the evaporative cooling furnace wall and the air outlet system of the evaporative cooling furnace cover.
The invention also provides a method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the nickel-iron slag of the electric arc furnace, which adopts the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the nickel-iron slag of the electric arc furnace to smelt, and the method comprises the following steps:
conveying the furnace charge to an electric arc furnace heating reduction system through a feeding system;
and carrying out heating reduction treatment on the furnace charge through the electric arc furnace heating reduction system, wherein the electric arc furnace heating reduction system comprises: the device comprises a furnace body, an electrode, a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, wherein one end of the electrode is arranged outside the furnace body, and the other end of the electrode is arranged inside the furnace body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the furnace hearth reduces furnace burden in the furnace body under the action of the electrode to form alumino-silicate molten iron and furnace slag, the spray gun is wrapped with silicon carbide or other refractory material linings, and the spray gun sprays part of reducing agent and part of slag diluting agent into the furnace hearth;
tapping and deslagging the formed ferro-silico-aluminum and the slag through a tapping and deslagging system;
and the slag waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace during the heating reduction treatment of the furnace burden is recycled by a slag waste heat recycling system.
According to the technical scheme, the device and the method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace reduce iron, aluminum and silicon in the ferronickel slag into ferro-silico-aluminum through the heating reduction system, and the enriched magnesia slag is used as a raw material of a magnesia refractory material or is used for reducing the ferro-silico-aluminum slag to smelt magnesium in a subsequent process, so that the aim of comprehensively utilizing the ferronickel slag is fulfilled; the method is characterized in that the silicon, the aluminum and the iron coexist, so that the thermodynamic reduction temperature of the aluminum and the silicon is greatly reduced, the reduction temperature is controlled to be lower than 1800 ℃ under atmospheric pressure, the magnesium is not reduced while the silicon and the aluminum are reduced, and the aim of enriching the magnesium oxide in the slag is fulfilled while the silicon-aluminum molten iron is produced; a part of reducing agent and a slag diluent are blown into a molten pool through a spray gun, the ferronickel slag in the molten pool is subjected to reduction smelting, the slag diluent is added into the reducing slag, and the silico-aluminous slag with high magnesium oxide is converted into liquid slag acceptable for industrial production, so that the magnesium reduction of the liquid ferronickel slag rich in magnesium oxide after smelting by utilizing silico-aluminous iron becomes possible, the operation of remelting and smelting after cooling the liquid slag in the conventional magnesium process is avoided, the heat loss is reduced, the smelting power consumption is reduced, the discharge amount of carbon dioxide is reduced, the smelting speed is improved, and the smelting cost is saved.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of an apparatus for smelting silico-aluminous iron based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an apparatus for smelting silico-aluminous iron based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals include: 1. the device comprises a solid ferronickel slag tank, 2, a solid slag storage tank, 3, a slag flowing pipe, 4, an electric arc furnace, 5, a slag separating pipe, 6, a spray gun, 7, a graphite electrode, 8, a slag waste heat recycling system, 10, a slag layer, 11, foam slag, 12, a settling chamber, 13, a flue gas waste heat boiler, 14, a slag waste heat recycling system, 15, an evaporation cooling furnace wall, 16, an evaporation cooling furnace cover, 17, a steam turbine, 18, a ladle car, 19, a ladle, 20, a heat preservation slag ladle, 21, a slag regulating valve, 22, a graphite electrode, 23 and a taphole.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
Aiming at the problems of less comprehensive utilization channel, high utilization cost and the like caused by low activity and poor stability of the nickel-iron slag, the invention provides a device and a method for smelting ferrosilicon based on the nickel-iron slag of an electric arc furnace, thereby solving the problems.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the structure of the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace provided by the invention, the structure of the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace is exemplarily shown in fig. 1 to fig. 2 from different angles respectively, and in particular, fig. 1 shows the main view structure of the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace according to the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a top view of an apparatus for smelting SiAlFe based on Ferro-nickel slag in an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figures 1 and 2 together, the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace provided by the invention comprises: the system comprises a feeding system, an electric arc furnace heating reduction system, a tapping system and a flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system; the feeding system is used for conveying furnace materials to the electric arc furnace heating reduction system; the electric arc furnace heating reduction system is used for heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden; the tapping system is used for processing the ferro-silico-aluminum and the furnace slag processed by the electric arc furnace heating reduction system; and the delay and slag waste heat recycling system is used for recycling slag waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace during heating reduction treatment of the furnace burden.
Wherein, electric arc furnace heating reduction system includes: the furnace body of the electric arc furnace 4, an electrode (graphite electrode 7), a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun 6 arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, wherein one end of the electrode is arranged outside the furnace body, and the other end of the electrode is arranged inside the furnace body; wherein, the furnace burden in the furnace body is reduced by the molten pool under the action of the electrode to form silicon-aluminum molten iron and furnace slag, the silicon carbide or refractory material lining is wrapped on the spray gun 6, part of reducing agent and part of slag thinner are sprayed into the molten pool by the spray gun, and the other part of reducing agent is mixed into the solid furnace slag material heating furnace.
Iron, aluminum and silicon in the ferronickel slag can be effectively reduced into ferrosilicon through the mutual matching of the heating reduction system and the feeding system, the enriched magnesia slag is used as a magnesia refractory material raw material or the ferrosilicon is used as a reducing agent to reduce the ferrosilicon slag for smelting magnesium in the subsequent process, and the purpose of comprehensively utilizing the ferronickel slag is achieved; the method is characterized in that a molten pool is formed in an area acted by high temperature of an electric arc generated by an electrode in a hearth of the electric arc furnace, when the temperature of the molten pool exceeds 2500 ℃, magnesium oxide is reduced to generate magnesium steam, the magnesium steam meets slag in the rising process, silicon, aluminum and iron in the flowing slag are reduced and converted into liquid magnesium oxide slag again, the reduction speed of silicon-aluminum-iron is accelerated, the reduction temperature of silicon-aluminum-iron is reduced, the function of a catalyst is played, and the reduction effect of nickel-iron slag is better.
In the embodiment of the invention, the furnace burden is solid nickel-iron slag, a reducing agent and a slag diluting agent which are mixed in proportion. The method comprises the steps of screening nickel-iron slag as a raw material, screening the nickel-iron slag, wherein 5-80mm of blocky slag is used as one part of the raw material, paper pulp binder cold-state pressed balls or rolling balls are used for the nickel-iron slag smaller than 5mm, the diameter of the balls is 10-30mm, wet balls are dried by using flue gas generated after waste heat of an electric arc furnace, and the dried wet balls are uniformly mixed with other raw materials and are sent to a furnace top bin of the electric arc furnace to be used as a raw material for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum, namely, the solid nickel-iron slag comprises 5-80mm of blocky nickel-iron slag and 10-30mm of nickel-iron slag balls.
The reducing agent adopts coke or semi-coke, the slag-diluting agent accounts for 3-15% of the slag amount, and the slag-diluting agent is added to convert high-viscosity slag (ferrosilico-aluminum slag) with high magnesium oxide into liquid slag acceptable for industrial production, so that the reduction of ferrosilico-aluminum slag by ferrosilicon to smelt magnesium becomes possible.
In an embodiment of the invention, the feed system comprises: the device comprises a solid-state ferronickel slag groove 1, a solid-state slag storage groove 2, a slag flowing pipe 3 and a slag separating pipe 5, wherein the solid-state ferronickel slag groove 1 is used for conveying furnace burden into the solid-state slag storage groove 2; one end of the slag flowing pipe 3 is arranged at the bottom of the solid slag storage tank 2, the other end of the slag flowing pipe 3 is connected with the slag separating pipe 5, and the discharge end of the slag separating pipe 5 is arranged above a molten pool in the electric arc furnace 4; in order to control the flow rate of the slag flowing pipe 5, a slag regulating valve 21 is arranged on the slag flowing pipe.
The furnace comprises a solid slag storage tank 2, a furnace charge, a furnace slag storage tank 2, a furnace charge, a furnace slag heat insulation layer and a furnace slag heat insulation layer, wherein the inside of the solid slag storage tank 2 is provided with the furnace charge heat insulation layer, and the furnace charge is used for preserving heat of the furnace charge in the solid slag storage tank 2. Namely: the solid slag storage tank 2 is lined with refractory materials and heat insulation materials (namely, a refractory heat insulation layer), so that hot charge and heat insulation of hot materials can be realized, heat guarantee of hearth temperature is facilitated, and smelting power consumption can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, the electrode is a graphite electrode 7, wherein the graphite electrode 7 is powered by an independent transformer, a water-cooled copper pipe, a clamp and a water-cooled flexible cable. The number of the electrodes is three, the graphite electrode 7 and the graphite electrode 22 are inserted into furnace charge to heat furnace charge of a molten pool through resistance or electric arc, and a molten iron molten pool and furnace slag are formed; and the electrode transformer is powered by a water-cooling copper pipe, a water-cooling flexible cable and a holder.
Wherein, a hole is opened on the furnace body, a spray gun 6 which is wrapped by a silicon carbide lining is inserted, partial reducing agent coke powder or semi-coke powder and partial slag diluting agent are sprayed into the molten pool, 1-3 spray guns 6 are arranged on the furnace wall of the electric arc furnace, and the carrier gas selects nitrogen and is used for adjusting the adding amount of the reducing agent and the slag diluting agent in the furnace.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formed ferro-silico-aluminous slag generates CO and N in a molten pool in the smelting process in a furnace2The total volume of small bubbles dispersed in the slag often exceeds the volume of the slag itself. The slag becomes a film, which envelopes and spaces the bubbles, causing the slag to foam and expand, forming foamy slag 11, which effectively absorbs gaseous intermediate silicon and aluminum oxides or aluminum oxy-carbon compounds produced by the reduction reaction.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the tapping system comprises a tap hole 23 provided on one side wall of the furnace body, a tap hole provided on the other side wall of the furnace body, and the tap hole is higher than the tap hole 23; a ladle 19 and a ladle car for transporting the ladle are arranged below the taphole 23; 18 a heat-insulating slag ladle 20 and a slag ladle vehicle for transporting the heat-insulating slag ladle are arranged below the slag outlet.
Wherein, a semi-condensed and solid dead material layer 10 is formed in the furnace body near the furnace wall; the bottom in the furnace body is provided with a dead iron layer, and the dead iron layer is arranged below the tapping hole.
Because the smelting process is complex, semi-condensed and solid material layers are present on the furnace wall, the electric arc furnace preferentially adopts hexagonal or arc furnace bodies with electrodes equidistant to the furnace wall for smelting, and the advantages of controllable and less material layers, and convenient tapping and slag discharging.
In the embodiment of the invention, high-voltage long-arc operation is preferentially adopted to ensure that the molten pool has enough heat, the charging speed is matched with power supply, iron is periodically discharged and slag is discharged according to the production of molten iron and slag in the furnace, the molten iron is discharged into a ladle of a ladle car at the furnace side, and the slag can be discharged by adopting a heat-insulating slag ladle according to the rear procedure, and can also be discharged by adopting water quenching.
In order to reduce heat loss in the smelting process and save cost, the flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system provided by the invention comprises a slag waste heat boiler 14, a settling chamber 12 for connecting the electric arc furnace 4 and the flue gas waste heat boiler 13, a steam turbine 17 connected with the flue gas waste heat boiler 13 and the slag waste heat boiler 14, and an evaporative cooling furnace wall 15 and an evaporative cooling furnace cover 16 waste heat utilization boiler connected with the steam turbine 17.
The side surface of the electric arc furnace 4 is provided with an evaporative cooling furnace wall 15, the electric arc furnace 4 is provided with an evaporative cooling furnace cover 16, and the evaporative cooling furnace wall 15 and the evaporative cooling furnace cover 16 are used for vaporizing and cooling the radiant heat and the flue gas generated by the electric arc furnace 4 in a heating and reducing system and generating steam; the settling chamber 12 performs large particle settling treatment on the generated flue gas, and transmits the flue gas into the waste heat boiler 13.
Wherein, the steam inlet of the steam turbine 17 is connected with the steam outlet of the flue gas waste heat boiler 13 and the slag waste heat utilization waste heat boiler 14; and a steam inlet of the steam turbine 17 is connected with the evaporative cooling furnace wall 15 and a steam outlet of the evaporative cooling furnace cover 16, and the steam turbine 17 is a system for generating power by comprehensively utilizing waste heat of the furnace wall, the furnace cover, the smoke and the slag.
The invention also provides a method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid nickel-iron slag of the electric arc furnace, which adopts the device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on the solid nickel-iron slag of the electric arc furnace for smelting, and the specific smelting method comprises the following steps:
conveying the furnace charge to an electric arc furnace heating reduction system through a feeding system;
and carrying out heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden through the electric arc furnace heating reduction system, wherein the electric arc furnace heating reduction system comprises: the device comprises a furnace body, an electrode, a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, wherein one end of the electrode is arranged outside the furnace body, and the other end of the electrode is arranged inside the furnace body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the furnace hearth reduces furnace burden in the furnace body under the action of the electrode to form alumino-silicate molten iron and furnace slag, the spray gun is wrapped with silicon carbide or refractory material lining, and the spray gun sprays part of reducing agent and part of slag thinner into the furnace hearth;
the formed ferro-silico-aluminum and the slag are processed by a tapping system;
and the flue gas and the slag waste heat generated when the electric arc furnace carries out heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden are recycled by a flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system.
The equation for smelting reduction at atmospheric pressure is:
2SiO2(s)+7C(s)+Fe2O3→2Si-Fe(l)+7CO(g)
Al2O3+3C+Si-Fe→2Al-Si-Fe+3CO(g)
wherein the reducing agent is coke or semi-coke.
Wherein the weight percentage of the slag thinner and the nickel-iron slag is as follows: 3% -15%; and/or the slag thinning agent is Ca F2、Mg F2、NaF、KF、BaCl2Any one or more of the components are mixed according to any proportion.
According to the device and the method for smelting ferrosilicon based on the ferronickel slag of the electric arc furnace, provided by the invention, iron, aluminum and silicon in the ferronickel slag are reduced into ferrosilicon by the heating reduction system, and the ferrosilicon slag enriched with magnesium oxide is used as a raw material of a magnesium oxide refractory material or is used for reducing the ferrosilicon slag to smelt magnesium by using ferrosilicon molten iron in a subsequent process, so that the aim of comprehensively utilizing the ferronickel slag is fulfilled; wherein, due to the coexistence of silicon, aluminum and iron, the thermodynamic reduction temperature of aluminum and silicon is greatly reduced, the reduction temperature is controlled to be lower than 1800 ℃ under atmospheric pressure, magnesium is not reduced while silicon and aluminum are reduced, and the aim of enriching magnesium oxide is achieved while silicon-aluminum-iron is produced; blowing part of reducing agent and slag diluent into the molten pool through a spray gun, and carrying out reduction smelting on the ferronickel slag in the molten pool; the slag is added with the slag diluting agent, so that the silico-aluminum iron slag with high viscosity and high magnesium oxide can be converted into liquid slag acceptable for industrial production, the ferrosilicon slag rich in magnesium oxide can smelt ferrosilicon and then metal magnesium, the operation of cooling and then remelting the liquid slag in the conventional smelting process is avoided, the heat loss is reduced, the smelting power consumption is reduced, the discharge amount of carbon dioxide is reduced, the smelting speed is improved, and the smelting cost is saved.
The apparatus and method for smelting ferrosilico-aluminous based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace according to the present invention are described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the apparatus and method for smelting ferrosilico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag in an electric arc furnace as set forth in the foregoing without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A device for smelting ferrosilicon based on ferrosilicon nickel slag of an electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising a feeding system, an electric arc furnace heating reduction system, a tapping system and a flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the feeding system is used for conveying furnace materials to the electric arc furnace heating reduction system;
the electric arc furnace heating reduction system is used for heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the electric arc furnace heating reduction system comprises: the device comprises a furnace body, an electrode arranged on the electric arc furnace, a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun arranged on the side wall of the furnace body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the furnace hearth reduces furnace burden in the furnace body under the action of the electrode to form alumino-silicate molten iron and furnace slag, and the spray gun sprays part of reducing agent and part of slag diluent into the furnace hearth;
the tapping and deslagging system is used for processing tapping and deslagging of the ferro-silico-aluminum and the slag processed by the electric arc furnace heating reduction system;
the slag waste heat recycling system is used for recycling flue gas and slag waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace during heating reduction treatment of the furnace burden;
the flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system comprises a flue gas waste heat boiler and a settling chamber which is connected with the electric arc furnace and the waste heat boiler; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the side vertical surface of the furnace body of the electric arc furnace is provided with an evaporation cooling furnace wall, the top of the electric arc furnace is provided with an evaporation cooling furnace cover,
the vaporization cooling furnace wall and the vaporization cooling furnace cover are used for carrying out vaporization cooling on heat radiation and smoke generated by the electric arc furnace in a heating reduction system;
the settling chamber is used for settling large-particle dust in the high-temperature flue gas generated by the electric arc furnace and transmitting the flue gas into the flue gas waste heat boiler;
the method comprises the steps of forming a molten pool in an area acted by high temperature of an electric arc generated by an electrode in a hearth of the electric arc furnace, reducing magnesium oxide to generate magnesium steam when the temperature of the obtained molten pool exceeds 2500 ℃, wherein the magnesium steam meets slag in the rising process, reducing silicon, aluminum and iron in the slag to convert the silicon, aluminum and iron into liquid magnesium oxide slag again, accelerating the reduction speed of ferro-silico-aluminum and reducing the reduction temperature of the ferro-silico-aluminum, and playing a role of a catalyst.
2. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
the feed system comprises: a solid ferronickel slag tank, a solid slag storage tank, a slag flowing pipe and a slag separating pipe, wherein,
the solid ferronickel slag groove is used for conveying furnace burden to the solid slag storage groove;
one end of the slag flowing pipe is arranged at the bottom of the solid slag storage tank, the other end of the slag flowing pipe is connected with the slag separating pipe, and the discharge end of the slag separating pipe is arranged in the electric arc furnace;
wherein, a slag regulating valve is arranged on the slag flowing pipe.
3. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
one end of the electrode is arranged outside the furnace body, and the other end of the electrode is arranged inside the furnace body;
the electrodes are inserted into the charge in the furnace body, and the molten pool is formed in the area on which the high-temperature arc generated under the action of the current acts.
4. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
the electrode is a graphite electrode, wherein,
the graphite electrode is supplied with power through an independent transformer, a water-cooling copper pipe, a clamp and a water-cooling flexible cable.
5. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
the electric arc furnace is a hexagonal or arc furnace body;
the inner side wall of the electric arc furnace is provided with at least three spray guns, the horizontal distances among the spray guns are equal, and the spray guns are wrapped with silicon carbide liners.
6. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
the tapping system comprises a tapping hole arranged on one side wall of the furnace body and a tapping hole arranged on the other side wall of the furnace body, and the tapping hole is higher than the tapping hole;
a ladle and a ladle car for transporting the ladle are arranged at the tapping hole;
and a heat-insulation slag ladle and a slag ladle vehicle for transporting the heat-insulation slag ladle are arranged at the slag outlet.
7. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferro-nickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 6,
forming a semi-condensed and solid material-dead layer in the furnace body near the furnace wall;
and a dead iron layer is arranged at the bottom in the furnace body, and is arranged below the molten iron outlet.
8. The device for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1,
the slag waste heat recycling system also comprises a steam turbine connected with the flue gas waste heat boiler and a slag waste heat recycling system connected with the steam turbine; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the steam inlet of the steam turbine is connected with the steam outlet of the flue gas waste heat boiler and the slag waste heat utilization system;
and a steam inlet of the steam turbine is connected with the evaporative cooling furnace wall and the evaporative cooling furnace cover air outlet system.
9. A method for smelting silico-aluminous iron based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace, characterized in that smelting is carried out by using the apparatus for smelting silico-aluminous iron based on ferronickel slag of an electric arc furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising:
conveying the furnace charge to an electric arc furnace heating reduction system through a feeding system;
and carrying out heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden through the electric arc furnace heating reduction system, wherein the electric arc furnace heating reduction system comprises: the device comprises a furnace body, an electrode, a molten pool arranged in the furnace body and a spray gun arranged on the side wall of the furnace body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the furnace hearth reduces furnace burden in the furnace body under the action of the electrode to form alumino-silicate molten iron and furnace slag, and the spray gun sprays part of reducing agent and part of slag diluent into the furnace hearth;
carrying out iron and slag discharging treatment on the formed ferro-silico-aluminum and slag through a tapping system;
flue gas and slag waste heat generated when the electric arc furnace carries out heating reduction treatment on the furnace burden is recycled through a flue gas and slag waste heat recycling system;
the method comprises the steps of forming a molten pool in an area acted by high temperature of an electric arc generated by an electrode in a hearth of the electric arc furnace, reducing magnesium oxide to generate magnesium steam when the temperature of the obtained molten pool exceeds 2500 ℃, wherein the magnesium steam meets slag in the rising process, reducing silicon, aluminum and iron in the slag to convert the silicon, aluminum and iron into liquid magnesium oxide slag again, accelerating the reduction speed of ferro-silico-aluminum and reducing the reduction temperature of the ferro-silico-aluminum, and playing a role of a catalyst.
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