CN111926133B - Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral Download PDF

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CN111926133B
CN111926133B CN202011076899.7A CN202011076899A CN111926133B CN 111926133 B CN111926133 B CN 111926133B CN 202011076899 A CN202011076899 A CN 202011076899A CN 111926133 B CN111926133 B CN 111926133B
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smelting
zone
jet
spray gun
reduction
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CN111926133A (en
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李东波
黎敏
徐小锋
曹珂菲
郭亚光
高永亮
王云
陆志方
刘诚
魏甲明
陈宋璇
陈学刚
苟海鹏
冯双杰
崔大韡
余跃
尉克俭
陆金忠
茹洪顺
李兵
张海鑫
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
    • C22B34/1227—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using an oxygen containing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a smelting method and a smelting device for iron-based ores. It includes: directly adding iron-based minerals, a first flux and a second reducing agent into a furnace, blowing a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel to a jet flow smelting area by using an upper layer spray gun, and blowing a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent to the upper layer spray gun for smelting to obtain a melt containing smelting slag and metal by using a lower layer spray gun; or adding the iron-based minerals and the first flux into a furnace, and blowing the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel to a jet flow smelting zone by using a first spray gun for smelting to obtain a molten material; injecting a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction area by using a second spray gun, adding the second reducing agent, and introducing the molten material into the jet smelting primary reduction area to carry out jet smelting primary reduction to obtain a melt containing smelting slag and metal; and introducing the melt into an electrothermal reduction zone for reduction and separation to obtain metal and smelting slag. The invention realizes the full recovery of iron in the iron-based ore and enables the iron, vanadium and titanium to be efficiently separated.

Description

Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron ore smelting, in particular to a smelting method and a smelting device for iron-based minerals.
Background
Vanadium and titanium are important strategic metals and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, navigation, batteries, medical treatment and the like. Many iron-based minerals, such as vanadium titano-magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and the like, are associated with high contents of vanadium and titanium, and these iron-based minerals are important sources of future vanadium and titanium resources, and the comprehensive utilization of the iron-based minerals is a direction of industrial development.
The iron-based minerals such as vanadium titano-magnetite, sea sand ore and the like are mainly treated by the blast furnace process in China, but the processOnly can recover iron and vanadium, and a large amount of iron concentrate is required to be added in the vanadium titano-magnetite, sea placer and ilmenite treated by the blast furnace method, so that TiO in the slag2The content is low and the recycling can not be realized. The non-blast furnace method mainly comprises a pre-reduction-electric furnace method, a reduction-grinding method, a sodium roasting-pre-reduction-electric furnace method and the like. However, the reduction-grinding separation method has long process flow, high ore grinding cost and small production scale; the sodium roasting-prereduction-electric furnace method has the problems of large sodium modifier adding amount, long treatment process, large sewage treatment capacity and the like. And for the high-phosphorus iron ore in the iron-based minerals, the high-phosphorus iron ore can be only mixed into other iron ores in a small amount for use, so that the high-phosphorus iron ore is difficult to treat in a large amount and singly, the utilization rate is low, and the dephosphorization cost is high.
The Chinese patent application with application number 201910859496.0 proposes a process for comprehensively utilizing vanadium-titanium magnetite by a pre-reduction-electric furnace deep reduction-sulfuric acid method, and the pre-reduced metallized pellets are melted in an electric furnace to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium-rich slag (TiO)245-50% of the total weight of the composition). However, the process requires pelletizing for pre-reduction, and an electric furnace is used for melting and reducing the materials, thereby increasing energy consumption and process flow.
The chinese patent application No. 201910169070.2 proposes a process of vanadium titano-magnetite pre-reduction, electric furnace melting separation and hypergravity enrichment. However, the process has the problems of long process flow, large difficulty in industrial popularization of related equipment, high process cost and the like.
Chinese patent application No. 201310311418.X mentions a fusion ironmaking furnace, but only with the fusion ironmaking furnace, the iron recovery of iron-based ores is low; although the double-layer spray gun is adopted, the spray gun positioned above only blows oxygen-enriched air to carry out secondary combustion on coal and the like added into a feed inlet at the flue part, and the combustion efficiency is low; the spray gun positioned below blows pulverized coal, recycled raw materials, a fusing agent and the like to provide raw materials, fuels, the fusing agent and the like for melting and reduction reactions, but the spray gun does not provide heat supply, so that the temperature of a molten pool is low, and slag and iron are difficult to separate and even frozen. At the same time, the degree of reduction of iron in the melting iron-making furnace is low.
The smelting method and the smelting device (201910309060.4) for treating the iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short process, which are proposed by Enfei engineering technology Co., Ltd, can treat iron-based minerals such as vanadium titano-magnetite and the like, use cheap coal as fuel and reducing agent, replace the conventional heat supply mode of a melting electric furnace, and have the advantages of short process, low energy consumption, low cost and the like, but the practical process shows that the temperature of the lower part of a melting pool of a smelting area is low and the iron reduction degree is still low.
For the above reasons, there is a need for a smelting reduction process for iron-based minerals with a short process, high efficiency, high iron recovery rate (and high vanadium and titanium recovery effect for iron-based ores associated with vanadium and titanium), low energy consumption, and other excellent overall properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a smelting method and a smelting device for iron-based minerals, and aims to solve the problem that the comprehensive effects of high iron recovery rate, high efficiency, short flow, low energy consumption and the like cannot be considered when iron-based minerals are treated in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for smelting an iron-based mineral, the method for smelting using a smelting apparatus including:
the jet smelting unit comprises a jet smelting zone, an upper spray gun and a lower spray gun, wherein the jet smelting zone is provided with a first feed inlet, an upper spray hole, a lower spray hole and a smelting slag outlet, the upper spray hole and the lower spray hole are formed in the side wall of the jet smelting zone, and the height of the upper spray hole is higher than that of the lower spray hole; or the jet smelting unit comprises a jet smelting melting zone, a jet smelting primary reduction zone, a first spray gun and a second spray gun, the jet smelting unit is integrated equipment, and the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone is provided with a first feeding hole and a first spray hole, the jet smelting primary reduction zone is provided with a second raw material inlet, a second spray hole and a smelting slag outlet, the first spray hole is formed in the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone, the second spray hole is formed in the second side wall of the jet smelting primary reduction zone, and the height of the first spray hole is higher than that of the second spray hole.
The electric heating reduction unit comprises an electric heating reduction area and a heating electrode, the electric heating reduction area is provided with a smelting slag inlet, the smelting slag inlet is connected with a smelting slag outlet, and the heating electrode penetrates through the outer wall of the electric heating reduction area and extends into the electric heating reduction area.
The smelting method comprises the following steps: injecting a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel into the jet flow smelting zone through an upper-layer spray hole by using an upper-layer spray gun, injecting a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet flow smelting zone through a lower-layer spray gun through a lower-layer spray hole, and adding an iron-based mineral, a first flux and a second reducing agent into the jet flow smelting zone through a first feed inlet for jet flow smelting to obtain smelting slag; or, a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel are injected into the jet flow smelting and melting zone through a first injection hole by using a first spray gun, and the iron-based mineral and a first flux are added into the jet flow smelting and melting zone through a first feed inlet to be subjected to jet flow smelting and melting to obtain a molten material; injecting a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone through a second injection hole by using a second spray gun, adding the second reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone by using a second raw material inlet, and introducing a molten material into the jet smelting melting zone for jet smelting primary reduction to obtain smelting slag; wherein, a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel are injected to melt the iron-based mineral and the first flux to form a molten material; blowing a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent to perform a preliminary reduction reaction on the molten material, so that more than 90% of iron is reduced; and introducing the smelting slag into an electrothermal reduction area through a smelting slag outlet and a smelting slag inlet, and carrying out electrothermal reduction under the heating action of a heating electrode.
Furthermore, the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun are respectively provided with a plurality of double-channel spray guns, an inner layer channel of the double-channel spray guns sprays first oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer layer channel of the double-channel spray guns sprays first fuel; preferably, the blowing flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of iron-based minerals is 100-700 Nm3The injection flow rate of the first fuel is 30-150 Nm3(ii) a Preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun comprise CO and CO2、H2、H2O and N2And the volume fractions of the components are respectively 5-20%, 20-60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40%.
Further, the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with the volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline.
Furthermore, the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are respectively provided with a plurality of spray guns; the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are three-channel spray guns, an inner channel of each three-channel spray gun blows a first reducing agent, a middle channel blows a second oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer channel blows a second fuel; or one part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns and the plurality of second spray guns blows the first reducing agent, the other part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns is the double-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel blows the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel blows the second fuel.
Further, the first reducing agent is blown by a first inert carrier gas, wherein the transport concentration of the first reducing agent is 1kg/m3~40kg/m3Preferably 20kg/m3~30 kg/m3(ii) a The blowing flow rate of the second oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based minerals is 100-400 Nm3The injection flow rate of the second fuel is 5-10 Nm3The blowing flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300 kg; preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun comprise CO and H2And N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 60-85%, 10-25% and 0.1-20%; preferably, the first reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke and graphite, and is preferably pulverized anthracite; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the second oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with the volume fraction of 40-100%; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline.
Further, when the jet smelting unit comprises a jet smelting zone, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun, the operating temperature in the jet smelting process is 1400-1650 ℃; preferably, the temperature above the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1400-1600 ℃, more preferably 1480 ℃, and the temperature below the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1450-1650 ℃, more preferably 1520-1600 ℃; when jet smelting unitWhen the jet smelting and melting zone, the jet smelting primary reduction zone, the first spray gun and the second spray gun are included, the operation temperature in the jet smelting and melting process is 1400-1600 ℃, and is more preferably 1480 ℃, and the operation temperature in the jet smelting primary reduction process is 1450-1650 ℃, and is more preferably 1520-1600 ℃; preferably, the binary basicity of the slag CaO/SiO2=0.5~1.5。
Further, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, the distance between a nozzle of an upper layer spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1, and the distance between a nozzle of a lower layer spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2, and H2/H is 1/2-99/100.
Further, the electrothermal reduction area is also provided with a third feed inlet and/or electrothermal reduction spray holes; in the process of electrothermal reduction, adding a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent into an electrothermal reduction area through a third feeding hole; and/or blowing a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction area through the electrothermal reduction spray gun through the electrothermal reduction spray hole; preferably, the third reducing agent is one or more of lump coal, coke, silicomanganese and ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen; preferably, when the electrothermal reduction spray gun is used for spraying the fourth reducing agent, the fourth reducing agent is sprayed by the second inert carrier gas; more preferably, the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; preferably, the operation temperature in the electrothermal reduction process is 1500-1700 ℃, and more preferably 1550-1650 ℃.
Further, the iron-based mineral is one or more of vanadium titano-magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite, high-phosphorus iron ore, iron ore concentrate, pellet ore, iron ore powder and iron ore, and the second reducing agent is one or more of coal powder, lump coal, coke, silicomanganese and ferrosilicon; preferably, the iron-based mineral, the second reducing agent and the first flux have the particle size of less than 50mm and the water content of less than 10 wt%; preferably, the second reducing agent is used in an amount of 15 to 45% relative to the weight of the iron-based mineral.
Further, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are split or integrated equipment.
Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are integrated equipment, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body, a partition wall is arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned at two sides of the partition wall, a communication channel is arranged between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, a smelting slag inlet and a smelting slag outlet are both positioned at the communication channel, and the smelting slag and first metal produced in the jet smelting process are introduced into the electrothermal reduction zone through the communication channel to perform electrothermal reduction reaction; or the jet smelting melting zone, the jet smelting primary reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone are respectively positioned on two sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting primary reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned on two sides of the second partition wall, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, a smelting slag inlet and a smelting slag outlet are both positioned at the second communicating channel, and the jet smelting melting zone is also provided with a first metal discharge port.
Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are split type devices, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned in two furnace bodies, the jet smelting zone is also provided with a first metal discharge port, and first metal produced in the jet smelting process is discharged through the first metal discharge port.
Further, the smelting method also comprises the step of sequentially carrying out secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process. Or sequentially carrying out secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting and melting process, the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process and the third flue gas produced in the jet smelting and primary reduction process.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an iron-based mineral smelting apparatus including a jet smelting unit and an electrothermal reduction unit, wherein:
the jet smelting unit comprises a jet smelting zone, an upper spray gun and a lower spray gun, wherein the jet smelting zone is provided with a first feed inlet, an upper spray hole, a lower spray hole and a smelting slag outlet, the upper spray hole and the lower spray hole are formed in the side wall of the jet smelting zone, the height of the upper spray hole is higher than that of the lower spray hole, the upper spray gun sprays first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet smelting zone through the upper spray hole, the lower spray gun sprays second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone through the lower spray hole, the first feed inlet is used for adding iron-based minerals, first fusing agents and second reducing agents into the jet smelting zone, and the jet smelting zone is used for carrying out jet smelting on the iron-based minerals; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the jet smelting unit comprises a jet smelting melting zone, a jet smelting primary reduction zone, a first spray gun and a second spray gun, the jet smelting unit is integrated equipment, and the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone is provided with a first feeding hole and a first spray hole; the first spray gun sprays first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet flow smelting and melting zone through a first spray hole, the first feed inlet is used for adding iron-based minerals and first flux into the jet flow smelting and melting zone, and the jet flow smelting and melting zone is used for carrying out jet flow smelting and melting on the iron-based minerals to obtain molten materials; the jet smelting primary reduction zone is provided with a second raw material inlet, a second spray hole and a smelting slag outlet; a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent are injected into the jet smelting primary reduction zone by a second spray gun through a second spray hole, a second raw material inlet is used for adding the second reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone, and the jet smelting primary reduction zone is used for carrying out jet smelting primary reduction on molten materials in the presence of the first reducing agent; and the first spray holes are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting and melting zone, the second spray holes are arranged on the second side wall of the jet smelting and primary reduction zone, and the height of the first spray holes is higher than that of the second spray holes.
The electrothermal reduction unit comprises an electrothermal reduction area and a heating electrode, the electrothermal reduction area is provided with a smelting slag inlet, the smelting slag inlet is connected with a smelting slag outlet, the heating electrode penetrates through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction area and extends into the electrothermal reduction area, and the electrothermal reduction area is used for carrying out electrothermal reduction on the smelting slag obtained in the jet flow smelting unit.
Further, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are split or integrated equipment.
Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are integrated equipment, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body, a partition wall is arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned at two sides of the partition wall, a communication channel is arranged between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and a smelting slag inlet and a smelting slag outlet are both positioned at the communication channel; or the jet smelting melting zone, the jet smelting primary reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are positioned in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone are respectively positioned on two sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting primary reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned on two sides of the second partition wall, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, and the jet smelting melting zone is also provided with a first metal discharge port.
Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are split type devices, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively positioned in two furnace bodies, and the jet smelting zone is also provided with a first metal discharge port.
Further, the electrothermal reduction area is also provided with a third feed inlet and/or electrothermal reduction spray holes; the third feed inlet is used for adding a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent into the electrothermal reducing area; when the electrothermal reduction area is also provided with electrothermal reduction spray holes, the electrothermal reduction unit also comprises an electrothermal reduction spray gun, and the electrothermal reduction spray gun is used for spraying a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction area through the electrothermal reduction spray holes.
Further, the electrothermal reduction zone is also provided with a second metal discharge outlet.
Furthermore, the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun are respectively multiple, the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun are double-channel spray guns, an inner channel of the upper layer spray gun is used for spraying and blowing the first oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer channel of the upper layer spray gun is used for spraying and blowing the first fuel.
Furthermore, the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are respectively provided with a plurality of spray guns; the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are three-channel spray guns, an inner channel of each three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a first reducing agent, a middle channel of each three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a second oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer channel of each three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a second fuel; or, in the plurality of lower layer spray guns and the plurality of second spray guns, one part is used for spraying the first reducing agent, the other part is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel is used for spraying the second fuel.
Further, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, the distance between a nozzle of an upper layer spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1, and the distance between a nozzle of a lower layer spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2, and H2/H is 1/2-99/100.
Furthermore, the jet flow smelting zone is also provided with a first flue gas outlet, and the electric heating reduction zone is also provided with a second flue gas outlet; or the jet smelting melting zone is also provided with a first flue gas outlet, the jet smelting primary reduction zone is also provided with a third flue gas outlet, and the electric heating reduction zone is also provided with a second flue gas outlet; the smelting device also comprises: the inlet of the secondary combustion unit is connected with the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet or connected with the first flue gas outlet, the second flue gas outlet and the third flue gas outlet; and the inlet of the waste heat recovery unit is connected with the outlet of the secondary combustion unit.
In the method provided by the invention, the jet smelting unit is firstly utilized to carry out jet smelting on the iron-based mineral, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting area, the upper layer spray gun injects a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel, and the lower layer spray gun injects a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent; or the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting reduction zone in the same furnace body are respectively provided with a layer of spray gun, the first spray gun sprays the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel, and the second spray gun sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent. In the method, the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent are not required to be prepared into pellets firstly, and can be directly added into a jet flow smelting area from a first feeding hole. Then, under the action of the first oxygen-rich gas injected by the upper layer spray gun (or the first spray gun) and the first fuel, the iron-based mineral is rapidly melted under the conditions of weak reducing atmosphere and large amount of heat release of the fuel, and the formed molten material is obtained. It should be noted here that the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based mineral, and by using the second reducing agent, part of trivalent iron in the mineral can be reduced to divalent iron in advance during the blowing process of the upper lance (or the first lance), which is beneficial to reducing the melting point of the iron-based mineral, and the iron-based mineral can be rapidly melted by matching with the weak reducing atmosphere and the fuel large-amount heat release condition provided by the first flux and the upper lance (or the first lance). The molten material enters the lower part of the jet smelting zone (or the jet smelting primary reduction zone), and more than 90% of iron is reduced to be in a metal state under the conditions of strong reducing atmosphere of second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent injected by a lower layer spray gun (or a second spray gun) and heat supplement of the fuel. The smelting slag generated after jet smelting further enters an electric heating reduction zone, deep reduction of the smelting slag is realized under the heating action of a heating electrode, iron in the smelting slag is further recovered, and the total recovery rate of the iron can reach more than 95%. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the method can also be used for completing two-step reduction of vanadium along with iron, titanium is enriched in slag to form high-titanium slag, high-efficiency separation is realized between the high-titanium slag and iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.
In a word, the method of the invention is used for treating the iron-based minerals, combines jet smelting with electric heat reduction, realizes the deep reduction of iron in the iron-based minerals by optimizing the arrangement of spray guns, improving the injection modes of fuel and reducing agent and the like in the jet smelting process, improves the recovery rate of iron, and can also effectively separate iron, vanadium and titanium in the vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium. In addition, the method also has the advantages of short flow, relatively low energy consumption, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an iron-based mineral smelting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of an iron-based mineral smelting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of an iron-based mineral melting apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a jet smelting unit; 20. an electrothermal reduction unit; 30. a secondary combustion unit; 40. a waste heat recovery unit;
11. a jet smelting zone; 12. an upper layer spray gun; 13. a lower layer spray gun; 14. a jet smelting melting zone; 15. a jet flow smelting primary reduction zone; 16. a first spray gun; 17. a second spray gun; 21. an electrically heated reduction zone; 22. heating the electrode;
101. a first feed port; 102. spraying holes on the upper layer; 103. spraying holes on the lower layer; 104. a slag outlet; 105. a first metal discharge port; 106. a first flue gas outlet; 141. a first nozzle hole; 151. a second feedstock inlet; 152. a second nozzle hole; 153. a third flue gas outlet; 201. a smelting slag inlet; 202. a third feed inlet; 203. a second metal discharge port; 204. a second flue gas outlet; 205. and a tailings outlet.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As described in the background section, the prior art processes for iron-based ores cannot achieve the combined effects of high iron recovery, high efficiency, short process, and low energy consumption.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention relates to a new efficient and short-flow (BR-EF) technology and equipment for processing iron-based minerals, and aims to process iron-based minerals such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, ilmenite, sea sand, high-phosphorus iron ore, and common iron ore (such as iron ore concentrate, pellet, iron ore powder, and iron ore) by using BR-EF technology, so as to realize comprehensive recycling of elements such as iron, vanadium, and titanium, and form a new metallurgical technology and equipment with high efficiency, short flow, low energy consumption, low cost, and environmental friendliness, which will be described in detail below.
The invention provides a smelting method of iron-based minerals, as shown in figures 1 to 3, a smelting device adopted by the smelting method comprises a jet smelting unit 10 and an electrothermal reduction unit 20, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the jet smelting unit 10 comprises a jet smelting zone 11, an upper spray gun 12 and a lower spray gun 13, the jet smelting zone 11 is provided with a first feed inlet 101, an upper spray hole 102, a lower spray hole 103 and a smelting slag outlet 104, the upper spray hole 102 and the lower spray hole 103 are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting zone 11, and the height of the upper spray hole 102 is higher than that of the lower spray hole 103 (the corresponding spraying position of the upper spray gun 12 is higher than that of the lower spray gun 13); or, as shown in fig. 3, the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting melting zone 14, a jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, a first spray gun 16 and a second spray gun 17, the jet smelting unit 10 is an integrated device, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 are located in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting and melting zone 14 is provided with a first feeding hole 101 and a first spray hole 141, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 is provided with a second raw material inlet 151, a second spray hole 152 and a smelting slag outlet 104, the first spray hole 141 is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting and melting zone 14, the second spray hole 152 is arranged on the second side wall of the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, and the height of the first spray hole 141 is higher than that of the second spray hole 152;
the electrothermal reduction unit 20 comprises an electrothermal reduction area 21 and a heating electrode 22, wherein the electrothermal reduction area 21 is provided with a smelting slag inlet 201, the smelting slag inlet 201 is connected with a smelting slag outlet 104, and the heating electrode 22 penetrates through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction area 21 and extends into the electrothermal reduction area;
the smelting method comprises the following steps: injecting first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet flow smelting zone 11 through an upper layer spray gun 12 through an upper layer spray hole 102, injecting second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent into the jet flow smelting zone 11 through a lower layer spray gun 13 through a lower layer spray hole 103, and adding iron-based minerals, first flux and second reducing agent into the jet flow smelting zone 11 through a first feed inlet 101 for jet flow smelting to obtain smelting slag; or, a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel are injected into the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through the first injection hole 141 by using the first spray gun 16, and the iron-based mineral and the first flux are added into the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through the first feed inlet 101 for jet smelting and melting to obtain a molten material; a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent are injected into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 through a second injection hole 152 by using a second spray gun 17, the second reducing agent is added into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 by using a second raw material inlet 151, and the molten material is introduced into the jet smelting melting zone 14 for jet smelting primary reduction to obtain smelting slag; wherein, a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel are injected to melt the iron-based mineral and the first flux to form a molten material; blowing a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent to perform a preliminary reduction reaction on the molten material, so that more than 90% of iron is reduced; the smelting slag is introduced into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the smelting slag outlet 104 and the smelting slag inlet 201, and is subjected to electrothermal reduction under the heating action of the heating electrode 22.
In the method provided by the invention, the jet smelting unit 10 is firstly utilized to carry out jet smelting on the iron-based mineral, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting zone 11, the upper layer spray gun 12 injects a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel, and the lower layer spray gun 13 injects a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent; or, the jet smelting melting zone 14 in the same furnace body is used for carrying out jet smelting and melting firstly, then the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 is used for carrying out primary reduction on the molten material, the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 are respectively provided with a layer of spray gun, the first spray gun 16 sprays first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel, the second spray gun 17 sprays second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and smelting slag obtained by jet smelting of the first reducing agent, and the smelting slag enters the electrothermal reduction unit 20 for electrothermal further electrothermal reduction.
In the actual operation process, the iron-based minerals, the first fusing agent and the second reducing agent do not need to be prepared into pellets firstly, and can be directly added into the jet flow smelting zone from the first feeding hole. Subsequently, under the action of the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel injected from the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16), the iron-based mineral is rapidly melted in a weakly reducing atmosphere and under a condition where the fuel releases a large amount of heat, and a molten material is formed. Here, when the structure in which the upper and lower layer lances are arranged in a distributed manner is adopted, the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based mineral, and a part of trivalent iron in the mineral can be reduced to divalent iron in advance by the second reducing agent in the process of blowing the upper layer lance 12 (or the first lance 16), which is advantageous for reducing the melting point of the iron-based mineral, and the iron-based mineral can be rapidly melted by matching with the weak reducing atmosphere and the large amount of heat release conditions of the fuel provided by the first flux and the upper layer lance 12 (or the first lance 16). The molten material enters the lower part of the jet flow smelting zone 11 (or the jet flow smelting primary reduction zone 15), and more than 90% of iron is reduced to be in a metal state under the conditions of strong reducing atmosphere of second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent injected by a lower layer spray gun 13 (or a second spray gun 17) and heat supplement of the fuel, so that the total recovery rate of the iron can reach more than 95%. When the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting initial reduction zone are adopted, the second reducing agent is added through the second feeding hole, so that more than 90% of iron can be reduced in the initial reduction process, and the iron recovery rate of the whole system is improved.
It can be seen that the invention improves the fuel and reducing agent injection mode by optimizing the spray gun arrangement, adopting the double-layer spray gun arrangement mode or the mode of arranging single-layer spray guns in different jet smelting zones, the upper layer spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16) injects oxygen-enriched air and fuel to melt the materials, the lower layer spray gun 13 (or the second spray gun 17) injects oxygen-enriched air and fuel and reducing agent to provide sufficient reducing agent and supplement heat for reduction, controls the reducing atmosphere at different heights (or different areas) of the jet smelting zone, maintains the reasonable temperature distribution of the whole molten pool of the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15), realizes the rapid melting of the materials at the upper part of the slag and the efficient reduction of the iron at the lower part of the slag (or the rapid melting of the materials in the jet smelting zone 14 and the efficient reduction of the iron in the molten materials in the jet smelting primary reduction zone, more than 90 percent of iron is reduced into metal, and the energy consumption of the subsequent deep reduction stage of the electrothermal reduction unit 20 is greatly reduced. The smelting slag generated after the jet smelting further enters an electrothermal reduction zone 21, the deep reduction of the smelting slag is realized under the heating action of a heating electrode 22, and the iron in the smelting slag is further recovered. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the method can also be used for completing two-step reduction of vanadium along with iron, titanium is enriched in slag to form high-titanium slag, high-efficiency separation is realized between the high-titanium slag and iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.
In a word, the method of the invention is used for treating the iron-based minerals, combines jet smelting with electric heat reduction, realizes the deep reduction of iron in the iron-based minerals by optimizing the arrangement of spray guns, improving the injection modes of fuel and reducing agent and the like in the jet smelting process, improves the recovery rate of iron, and can also effectively separate iron, vanadium and titanium in the vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium. In addition, the method has the advantages of short flow, relatively low energy consumption, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like, and has a wide application prospect.
In the actual production process, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first flue gas layer and a slag layer are distributed in the jet smelting zone 11 from top to bottom, and the slag layer comprises a foamed slag layer, a slag molten pool and a metal molten pool from top to bottom in sequence. The iron-based minerals are melted in the foam slag layer, and the iron is reduced in the slag molten pool and the metal molten pool. The upper lance 12 is located in the foamy slag layer and injects a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel to achieve rapid melting of the iron-based mineral under the action of a weakly reducing atmosphere and a large amount of heat released from the fuel. As shown in fig. 3, the first lance 16 in the jet smelting zone 14 is located at a relatively high position and injects a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel to achieve rapid melting of the iron-based mineral under the action of a weakly reducing atmosphere and a large amount of heat released from the fuel. In order to make the weak reducing atmosphere and the fuel heat release more uniform in this stage and thereby promote faster and sufficient melting of the iron-based mineral, in a preferred embodiment, the upper lance 12 is provided in plurality, and the upper lance 12 is a double-passage lance,the inner layer channel blows a first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel blows a first fuel; the number of the first spray guns 16 is multiple, the first spray guns 16 are double-channel spray guns, the inner channel of each first spray gun blows first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel blows first fuel; preferably, the blowing flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of iron-based minerals is 100-700 Nm3The injection flow rate of the first fuel is 30-150 Nm3(ii) a Preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the upper lance 12 and the first lance 16 include CO, CO2、H2、H2O and N2And the volume fractions of the components are respectively 5-20%, 20-60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40%. The upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun mainly realize the melting of materials and provide a small amount of reducing atmosphere, so that the content of CO is lower than that of CO2In an amount such that combustion provides more heat to melt the material and a quantity of CO is present in the upper lance region or jet melting zone 142Titanium carbide or titanium nitride generated in the slag can be oxidized into titanium oxide again, so that the increase of the viscosity of the slag is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment, the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline. By utilizing the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel, a sufficient heat release environment can be provided, so that the iron-based minerals are more fully and rapidly melted.
In order to more sufficiently reduce the iron-based mineral after melting and to provide sufficient heat for the reduction reaction thereof, in a preferred embodiment, there are a plurality of lower lances 13 or a plurality of second lances 17; each spray gun formula spray gun or split type spray gun as an organic whole, the integral type spray gun promptly: the lower layer spray gun 13 and the second spray gun 17 are three-channel spray guns, the inner channel of each spray gun sprays a first reducing agent, the middle channel sprays second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel sprays second fuel; alternatively, a split lance is: one part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns 13 or one part of the plurality of second spray guns 17 sprays the first reducing agent, the other part is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel sprays the second fuel.
In a preferred embodiment, the first reducing agent is sprayed by a first inert carrier gas, wherein the first reducing agent is delivered in a concentration of 1kg/m3~40kg/m3Preferably 20kg/m3~30 kg/m3(ii) a The blowing flow of the second oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of iron-based minerals is 100-400 Nm3The injection flow rate of the second fuel is 5-10 Nm3The blowing flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300 kg. Therefore, on one hand, sufficient heat and a reducing atmosphere can be provided for the molten iron-based minerals, on the other hand, resource waste is reduced, the temperature field and the weak and strong reducing atmosphere in the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15) are distributed more reasonably, the reduction rate and the recovery rate of iron are improved further, vanadium and titanium can be separated more fully for the iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, such as vanadium-titanium magnetite and the like, vanadium enters a metal layer along with the reduction of the iron, and the titanium is enriched in slag. Preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the lower layer spray gun 13 and the second spray gun 17 comprise CO and H2And N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 60-85%, 10-25% and 0.1-20%;
in a preferred embodiment, the first reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke and graphite, and is preferably pulverized anthracite; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the second oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with the volume fraction of 40-100%; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline.
In order to fully reduce and recover iron (and vanadium in iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium) in the jet smelting process, in a preferred embodiment, when the jet smelting unit 10 comprises a jet smelting zone 11, an upper layer spray gun 12 and a lower layer spray gun 13, the operating temperature in the jet smelting process is 1400-1650 ℃; preferably, the temperature above the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1400-1600 ℃, more preferably 1480 ℃, and the temperature below the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1450-1650 ℃, more preferably 1520-1600 ℃; when the jet smelting unit 10 comprises a jet smelting melting zone 14, a jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 and a secondary reduction zoneWhen the first spray gun 16 and the second spray gun 17 are used, the operation temperature in the jet smelting and melting process is 1400-1600 ℃, more preferably 1480 ℃, and the operation temperature in the jet smelting and primary reduction process is 1450-1650 ℃, more preferably 1520-1600 ℃. Preferably, the binary basicity of the slag CaO/SiO2=0.5~1.5。
In a preferred embodiment, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone 11 is recorded as H, the distance from a nozzle of an upper layer spray gun 12 to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1, and the distance from a nozzle of a lower layer spray gun 13 to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2, and H2/H is 1/2-99/100. With this arrangement, the upper lance 12 enables combustion of the first fuel to take place in the foamy slag layer, increases the heat utilization rate and causes stirring of the lower molten pool, and increases the heat transfer rate, thereby facilitating rapid melting of the added material at the upper part of the foamy slag layer. The lower layer spray gun 13 can realize the reduction of more than 90 percent of iron, supplements heat for heat absorption in the reduction process, and is favorable for preventing the bottom metal layer from being rolled into slag again. More preferably, H1/H is 1/10-1/2, and H2/H is 1/2-4/5.
The smelting slag obtained by jet smelting enters an electrothermal reduction unit 20 for deep reduction of iron (and deep reduction of vanadium in iron-based mineral smelting slag containing vanadium and titanium). In order to make the deep reduction effect better, in a preferred embodiment, the electrothermal reduction region 21 is further provided with a third feed port 202 and/or electrothermal reduction spray holes; in the process of electrothermal reduction, a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent are added into the electrothermal reduction area 21 through a third feeding hole 202; and/or blowing a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reducing area 21 through the electrothermal reducing spray gun through the electrothermal reducing spray hole. The third material inlet 202 may be disposed at the top of the electrothermal reduction region 21, and the electrothermal reduction spray holes may be disposed at the side of the electrothermal reduction region 21. By supplementing the second fusing agent, the third reducing agent and/or the fourth reducing agent, the smelting slag can be promoted to be deeply reduced more sufficiently, and further recovery of iron in the smelting slag (and vanadium in the iron-based mineral smelting slag containing vanadium and titanium) is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the third reducing agent is a lump reducing agent, such as one or more of lump coal, coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is a powdery or gaseous reducing agent, such as one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen. Preferably, when the fourth reducing agent is sprayed using the electrothermal reduction spray gun, the fourth reducing agent is sprayed by the second inert carrier gas. In particular, the gaseous reducing agent may be directly blown, and the powdery reducing agent may be blown with a second inert carrier gas.
More preferably, the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; preferably, the operation temperature in the electrothermal reduction process is 1500-1700 ℃, and more preferably 1550-1650 ℃. Under the conditions, the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag is more sufficient, the recovery rate of iron is higher, the recovery rates of iron and vanadium are higher for iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, and the titanium can be more sufficiently enriched in the final slag.
The method provided by the invention is suitable for recovering iron from various types of iron-based minerals (such as high-phosphorus iron ore, iron ore concentrate, pellet ore, iron ore powder and iron ore) and is also suitable for recovering iron, vanadium and titanium from various types of iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium (such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer and ilmenite). Particularly for vanadium titano-magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and the like, iron, vanadium and titanium can be efficiently separated through the combination of jet smelting and electrothermal reduction, the iron and the vanadium are reduced to form metal, and the titanium is fully enriched in slag.
As previously described, with the method of the present invention, the charge material in the jet smelting unit 10 can be fed directly into the jet smelting zone from the first feed port without first being pelletized. Preferably, the iron-based mineral, the second reducing agent, the first flux all have a particle size of < 50mm and a water content of < 10 wt%. This is more favorable to the rapid melting of the material under the action of the upper lance 12. Preferably, the second reducing agent is used in an amount of 15 to 45% relative to the weight of the iron-based mineral. The second reducing agent functions to at least partially reduce the ferric iron in the iron-based mineral to ferrous iron by blowing the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel into the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16), thereby lowering the melting point of the iron-based mineral and promoting rapid melting thereof. By controlling the amount of the second reducing agent within the above range, the effect of further promoting melting can be achieved.
The first flux and the second flux may be of a type commonly used in the art, such as one or more selected from quicklime, lime, limestone, dolomite, dolime, calcined limestone, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are split (as shown in fig. 2) or integrated plants (as shown in fig. 1 and 3). For the integrated equipment, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit can be designed in a split mode, and the middle of the integrated equipment is connected by a chute. The method comprises the following specific steps:
when the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are integrated, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, partition walls are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on two sides of the partition walls, a communication channel is arranged between the partition walls and the bottom wall of the furnace body, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the communication channel, and the smelting slag and the first metal produced in the jet smelting process are introduced into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the communication channel to perform electrothermal reduction reaction. Thus, in the actual treatment process, the first metal (molten iron or vanadium-containing molten iron) produced in the jet smelting process and the smelting slag enter the electrothermal reduction stage together, and are finally discharged together with the metal produced in the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag. Or the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 are respectively located on two sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on two sides of the second partition wall, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the second communicating channel, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 is further provided with a first metal discharge port 105. Therefore, molten materials obtained by the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through jet smelting enter the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 for primary reduction, and the obtained first metal can enter the electrothermal reduction zone 21 along with smelting slag and can also be discharged and collected through a first metal discharge port 105 of the jet smelting and melting zone 14.
When the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are split type devices, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located in two furnace bodies, the jet smelting zone 11 is further provided with a first metal discharge port 105, and first metal produced in the jet smelting process is discharged through the first metal discharge port 105. Thus, in the actual process, the first metal (the first portion of molten iron, or the first portion of vanadium-containing molten iron) produced in the jet smelting process is discharged directly from the jet smelting zone 11. And the smelting slag enters the electric heating reduction zone 21 for deep reduction, the generated second metal (second part of molten iron or second part of vanadium-containing molten iron) is discharged from the electric heating reduction zone 21, and the final tailings (or high titanium slag) are also discharged from the electric heating reduction zone 21.
In a preferred embodiment, in the above electrothermal reduction process, the obtained vanadium-containing molten iron (e.g. processed into vanadium titano-magnetite, sea sand ore) or ordinary molten iron (e.g. processed into ilmenite, high-phosphorus iron ore, ordinary iron ore) is used for steel making after vanadium extraction or direct steel making. The obtained tailings are TiO2Titanium slag with the content of 30-70% (such as vanadium titano-magnetite, sea sand ore and ilmenite as processing materials) or common smelting slag (such as high-phosphorus iron ore and common iron ore as processing materials) can be directly discharged from the tailing outlet 205. Preferably, the slag type of the tailings in the electrothermal reduction process controls the binary alkalinity, namely CaO/SiO2=0.5~1.5。
It should be noted that, for iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, such as vanadium titano-magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite, etc., most of iron and a small part of vanadium are reduced in the jet smelting process, a small part of iron and a large part of vanadium are reduced when the smelting slag enters the electrothermal reduction stage, and titanium enters the slag to form high titanium slag (TiO), namely2About 30 to 70% by weightPercent), the high titanium slag can be used for preparing titanium dioxide or titanium alloy, and the common tailings can be used as building material raw materials. After the treatment, the finally obtained electrothermal reduction tailings contain little iron, which is generally less than 1.5%. In addition, when the method is used for treating the high-phosphorus iron ore, because the oxygen potential of the upper layer of the jet flow smelting zone is higher, a large amount of phosphorus is fed, the phosphorus is inhibited from entering molten iron, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron is reduced.
Preferably, the smelting method further comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process. Or sequentially carrying out secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting and melting process, the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process and the third flue gas produced in the jet smelting and primary reduction process. The temperature of the first flue gas produced in the jet flow smelting process (or the first flue gas produced in the jet flow smelting process and the third flue gas produced in the jet flow smelting primary reduction process) is about 1400-1650 ℃, wherein CO and H are remained2And the like. The temperature of the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process is about 1500-1700 ℃, and the second flue gas contains a large amount of CO. The flue gas is subjected to secondary combustion and then is subjected to waste heat recovery, so that the purposes of effectively utilizing resources and discharging tail gas in a green manner can be achieved, and the flue gas can be used for power generation after waste heat recovery. Meanwhile, the cooled flue gas obtained after waste heat recovery can be further subjected to dust removal treatment and desulfurization treatment, and finally discharged, which is understood by those skilled in the art and is not described herein again. The collected dust during the dust removal process can be returned to the feed system and re-enter the jet smelting zone 11.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an iron-based mineral smelting apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, which includes a jet smelting unit 10 and an electrothermal reduction unit 20.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting zone 11, an upper spray gun 12 and a lower spray gun 13, the jet smelting zone 11 has a first feed inlet 101, an upper spray hole 102, a lower spray hole 103 and a smelting slag outlet 104, the upper spray hole 102 and the lower spray hole 103 are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting zone 11, the upper spray hole 102 is higher than the lower spray hole 103, the upper spray gun 12 injects a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel into the jet smelting zone 11 through the upper spray hole 102, the lower spray gun 13 injects a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11 through the lower spray hole 103, the first feed inlet 101 is used for adding an iron-based mineral, a first flux and a second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11, and the jet smelting zone 11 is used for jet smelting the iron-based mineral; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
as shown in fig. 3, the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting melting zone 14, a jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, a first spray gun 16 and a second spray gun 17, the jet smelting unit 10 is an integrated device, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 are located in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone 14 is provided with a first feeding hole 101 and a first spray hole 141; the first spray gun 16 sprays first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet smelting melting zone 14 through the first spray hole 141, the first feed port 101 is used for adding iron-based minerals and first fusing agents into the jet smelting melting zone 14, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 is used for carrying out jet smelting melting on the iron-based minerals to obtain molten materials; the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 is provided with a second raw material inlet 151, a second spray hole 152 and a smelting slag outlet 104; the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 by the second spray gun 17 through the second spray hole 152, the second raw material inlet 151 is used for adding the second reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 is used for performing jet smelting primary reduction on the molten material in the presence of the first reducing agent; and the first injection holes 141 are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone 14, the second injection holes 152 are arranged on the second side wall of the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, and the height of the first injection holes 141 is higher than that of the second injection holes 152.
The electrothermal reduction unit 20 comprises an electrothermal reduction area 21 and a heating electrode 22, the electrothermal reduction area 21 is provided with a smelting slag inlet 201, the smelting slag inlet 201 is connected with a smelting slag outlet 104, the heating electrode 22 penetrates through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction area 21 and extends into the electrothermal reduction area, and the electrothermal reduction area 21 is used for carrying out electrothermal reduction on the smelting slag obtained in the jet flow smelting process.
The smelting device is used for treating iron-based minerals, the upper-layer spray gun 12 is used for blowing first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet smelting zone 11 through the upper-layer spray hole 102, the lower-layer spray gun 13 is used for blowing second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11 through the lower-layer spray hole 103, and the iron-based minerals, the first fusing agent and the second reducing agent are added into the jet smelting zone 11 through the first feed inlet 101 for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; or, a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel are injected into the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through the first injection hole 141 by using the first spray gun 16, and the iron-based mineral and the first flux are added into the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through the first feed inlet 101 for jet smelting and melting to obtain a molten material; a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent are injected into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 through a second injection hole 152 by using a second spray gun 17, the second reducing agent is added into the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 by using a second raw material inlet 151, and the molten material is introduced into the jet smelting melting zone 14 for jet smelting primary reduction to obtain smelting slag; wherein, a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel are injected to melt the iron-based mineral and the first flux to form a molten material; blowing a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent to perform a preliminary reduction reaction on the molten material, so that more than 90% of iron is reduced; the smelting slag is introduced into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the smelting slag outlet 104 and the smelting slag inlet 201, and is subjected to electrothermal reduction under the heating action of the heating electrode 22.
In the actual operation process, the iron-based minerals, the first fusing agent and the second reducing agent do not need to be prepared into pellets firstly, and can be directly added into the jet flow smelting zone from the first feeding hole. Subsequently, under the action of the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel injected from the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16), the iron-based mineral is rapidly melted in a weakly reducing atmosphere and under a condition where the fuel releases a large amount of heat, and a molten material is formed. It should be noted here that the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based mineral, and by using the second reducing agent, part of trivalent iron in the mineral can be reduced to divalent iron in advance during the blowing process of the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16), which is beneficial for reducing the melting point of the iron-based mineral, and the iron-based mineral can be rapidly melted by matching with the weak reducing atmosphere and the fuel large heat release condition provided by the first flux and the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16). The molten material enters the lower part of the jet flow smelting zone 11 (or the jet flow smelting primary reduction zone 15), and more than 90% of iron is reduced to be in a metal state under the conditions of strong reducing atmosphere of second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent injected by a lower layer spray gun 13 (or a second spray gun 17) and heat supplement of the fuel, so that the total recovery rate of the iron can reach more than 95%.
It can be seen that the invention improves the fuel and reducing agent injection mode by optimizing the spray gun arrangement, adopting the double-layer spray gun arrangement mode or the mode of arranging single-layer spray guns in different jet smelting zones, the upper layer spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16) injects oxygen-enriched air and fuel to melt the materials, the lower layer spray gun 13 (or the second spray gun 17) injects oxygen-enriched air and fuel and reducing agent to provide sufficient reducing agent and supplement heat for reduction, controls the reducing atmosphere at different heights (or different areas) of the jet smelting zone, maintains the reasonable temperature distribution of the whole molten pool of the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15), realizes the rapid melting of the materials at the upper part of the slag and the efficient reduction of the iron at the lower part of the slag (or the rapid melting of the materials in the jet smelting zone 14 and the efficient reduction of the iron in the molten materials in the jet smelting primary reduction zone, more than 90 percent of iron is reduced into metal, and the energy consumption of the subsequent deep reduction stage of the electrothermal reduction unit 20 is greatly reduced. The smelting slag generated after the jet smelting further enters an electrothermal reduction zone 21, the deep reduction of the smelting slag is realized under the heating action of a heating electrode 22, and the iron in the smelting slag is further recovered. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the method can also be used for completing two-step reduction of vanadium along with iron, titanium is enriched in slag to form high-titanium slag, high-efficiency separation is realized between the high-titanium slag and iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.
In a preferred embodiment, both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are split (as shown in fig. 2) or integrated plants (as shown in fig. 1 and 3). For the integrated equipment, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit can be designed in a split mode, and the middle of the integrated equipment is connected by a chute. The method comprises the following specific steps:
when the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are integrated, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, partition walls are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on two sides of the partition walls, a communication channel is arranged between the partition walls and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located on the communication channel. Thus, in the actual treatment process, the first metal (molten iron or vanadium-containing molten iron) produced in the jet smelting process and the smelting slag enter the electrothermal reduction stage together, and are finally discharged together with the metal produced in the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag. Or the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 are respectively located on two sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on two sides of the second partition wall, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the second communicating channel, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 is further provided with a first metal discharge port 105. Therefore, molten materials obtained by the jet smelting and melting zone 14 through jet smelting enter the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 for primary reduction, and the obtained first metal can enter the electrothermal reduction zone 21 along with smelting slag and can also be discharged and collected through a first metal discharge port 105 of the jet smelting and melting zone 14.
When the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are split type devices, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively positioned in two furnace bodies, and the jet smelting zone 11 is also provided with a first metal discharge port 105. Thus, in the actual process, the first metal (the first portion of molten iron, or the first portion of vanadium-containing molten iron) produced in the jet smelting process is discharged directly from the jet smelting zone 11. And the smelting slag enters the electric heating reduction zone 21 for deep reduction, the generated second metal (second part of molten iron or second part of vanadium-containing molten iron) is discharged from the electric heating reduction zone 21, and the final tailings (or high titanium slag) are also discharged from the electric heating reduction zone 21.
In a preferred embodiment, the jet smelting unit 10 adopts a vertical furnace, the height of the hearth is high, and the furnace can be rectangular, circular, oval or runway type for facilitating the arrangement of a spray gun and the operation of foamed slag; the height of the electric heating zone hearth is low, and the furnace type can be rectangular, circular, oval or runway type.
In a preferred embodiment, the electro-thermal reduction zone 21 further has a third feed port 202 and/or electro-thermal reduction orifices; the third feeding port 202 is used for adding a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent into the electrothermal reducing zone 21; when the electrothermal reduction region 21 further has electrothermal reduction spray holes, the electrothermal reduction unit 20 further includes an electrothermal reduction spray gun for blowing a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction region 21 through the electrothermal reduction spray holes. By supplementing the second fusing agent, the third reducing agent and/or the fourth reducing agent, the smelting slag can be promoted to be deeply reduced more sufficiently, and further recovery of iron in the smelting slag (and vanadium in the iron-based mineral smelting slag containing vanadium and titanium) is realized.
Preferably, the electro-thermal reduction zone 21 also has a second metal discharge opening 203. Thus, the second metal (molten iron, or vanadium-containing molten iron) produced in the electro-thermal reduction process may be discharged through the second metal discharge port 203. Preferably, the electro-thermal reduction zone 21 also has a tailings outlet 205 for discharging tailings.
In order to provide a less reducing atmosphere to the upper lance 12 and to provide a more uniform heat release from the fuel, thereby promoting a more rapid and efficient melting of the iron-based mineral, in a preferred embodiment the upper lance 12 is provided in plurality, and the upper lance 12 is a two-pass lance, the inner pass being for injecting the first oxygen-enriched gas and the outer pass being for injecting the first fuel. The first spray guns 16 are multiple, the first spray guns 16 are double-channel spray guns, the inner channels of the double-channel spray guns blow first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channels blow first fuel.
In order to more sufficiently reduce the iron-based mineral after melting and to provide sufficient heat for the reduction reaction thereof, in a preferred embodiment, there are a plurality of lower lances 13 or a plurality of second lances 17; each spray gun formula spray gun or split type spray gun as an organic whole, the integral type spray gun promptly: the lower layer spray gun 13 and the second spray gun 17 are three-channel spray guns, the inner channel of the three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a first reducing agent, the middle channel of the three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel of the three-channel spray gun is used for spraying a second fuel; alternatively, a split lance is: and part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns 13 or part of the plurality of second spray guns 17 is used for spraying the first reducing agent, the rest part is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel is used for spraying the second fuel.
In a preferred embodiment, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone 11 is recorded as H, the distance from a nozzle of an upper layer spray gun 12 to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1, and the distance from a nozzle of a lower layer spray gun 13 to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2, and H2/H is 1/2-99/100. With this arrangement, the upper lance 12 enables combustion of the first fuel to take place in the foamy slag layer, increases the heat utilization rate and causes stirring of the lower molten pool, and increases the heat transfer rate, thereby facilitating rapid melting of the added material at the upper part of the foamy slag layer. The lower layer spray gun 13 can realize the reduction of more than 90 percent of iron, supplements heat for heat absorption in the reduction process, and is favorable for preventing the bottom metal layer from being rolled into slag again.
In a preferred embodiment, the jet smelting zone 11 also has a first flue gas outlet 106 and the electro-thermal reduction zone 21 also has a second flue gas outlet 204, or the jet smelting melting zone 14 also has a first flue gas outlet 106, the jet smelting reduction zone 15 also has a third flue gas outlet 153, and the electro-thermal reduction zone 21 also has a second flue gas outlet 204; the smelting device also comprises: the inlet of the secondary combustion unit 30 is connected with the first flue gas outlet 106 and the second flue gas outlet 204, or connected with the first flue gas outlet 106, the second flue gas outlet 204 and the third flue gas outlet 153; the waste heat recovery unit 40, the inlet of which is connected with the secondary combustion unit 30The outlets are connected. The temperature of the first flue gas produced in the jet flow smelting process is about 1400-1650 ℃, wherein CO and H are remained2And the like. The temperature of the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process is about 1500-1700 ℃, and the second flue gas contains a large amount of CO. The flue gas is subjected to secondary combustion and then is subjected to waste heat recovery, so that the purposes of effectively utilizing resources and discharging tail gas in a green manner can be achieved, and the flue gas can be used for power generation after waste heat recovery. Meanwhile, the cooled flue gas obtained after waste heat recovery can be further subjected to dust removal treatment and desulfurization treatment, and finally discharged, which is understood by those skilled in the art and is not described herein again. The collected fumes during the dust removal process may be returned to the feed system and re-enter the jet smelting zone 11 or re-enter the jet smelting melting zone 14. Of course, the flue gases generated in the three areas of the jet smelting melting area 14, the jet smelting primary reduction area 15 and the electric heating reduction area 21 can be combined in the furnace through a flue or combined in a side blowing area.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
Vanadium titano-magnetite as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table (TFe represents the total iron content in the material), unit wt%:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting zone, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, and the distance from a nozzle of the upper layer spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h2Wherein h is1The ratio of/H is 1/4, H2The value of/H is 3/4.
The massive vanadium-titanium magnetite and quicklime are put into a jet flow smelting area through a belt conveyor, 15.80kg of quicklime is added into each ton of vanadium-titanium ore, the materials enter the jet flow smelting area to be melted and reduced, the temperature of the upper part of the jet flow smelting area is about 1600 ℃, and the temperature of the lower part of the jet flow smelting area is about 1550 ℃.
The upper layer spray gun at the upper part of the jet flow smelting area sprays rich oxygen (the concentration of the rich oxygen is 40%) and natural gas, and 661Nm of the rich oxygen is needed to be sprayed into each ton of the vanadium-titanium magnetite3(wherein, air 501Nm3160Nm of oxygen3) 147Nm of natural gas3. Oxygen, coal powder and natural gas are injected into a lower layer spray gun of the jet flow smelting area, the spray gun is an integrated multilayer spray gun, the coal powder is injected into the center, the oxygen-enriched air is injected into the secondary outer layer, the natural gas is injected into the outermost layer, and 193.60kg of the coal powder and 136Nm of the oxygen are injected into each ton of vanadium-titanium magnetite ore310Nm of natural gas3. CO and CO in gas phase of combustion products of upper layer spray gun2、H2、H2O、N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 8.51 percent, 25.54 percent, 2.40 percent, 28.82 percent and 34.73 percent, and the combustion products of the lower layer of the spray gun are CO and H in gas phase2、N2The volume fractions were 78.94%, 20.86%, 0.20%, respectively.
In a jet flow smelting zone, 1146Nm of high-temperature flue gas at 1600 ℃ can be produced by treating each ton of vanadium-titanium magnetite3The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting zone and the electric heating reduction zone is mixed with air in a secondary combustion chamber to be fully combusted, then the high-temperature flue gas is recovered by a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the flue gas is treated and then discharged.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag, the C, V content in the metal is 0.1% and 0.096%, the FeO content in the slag is 20.63%, and 91% of iron in the jet smelting zone enters into the metal phase. And (3) directly flowing the metal and the slag produced in the jet smelting zone into an electrothermal reduction zone, and further carrying out deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. Coke, silicomanganese and lime are added into the electrothermal reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the alkalinity of slag is CaO/SiO2= 1.0. FeO and TiO in slag after deep reduction2The contents are 1.29 percent and 56.69 percent respectively, and the content of C, V in the vanadium-containing molten iron is 1.5 percent and 1.05 percent respectively.
10 million tons of vanadium titano-magnetite are treated annually, 0.05 million tons of quicklime, 2.44 million tons of anthracite and 0.42 million Nm of natural gas are consumed30.26 million tons of coke, 0.10 million tons of silicon and manganese, 2977 million KWh of power generation by recovering high-temperature flue gas waste heat5.85 ten thousand tons of vanadium-containing molten iron and 2.48 ten thousand tons of titanium slag can be produced, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90 percent, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.0 percent.
Example 2
The vanadium titano-magnetite is used as a raw material, and the components are shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in a jet smelting zone is recorded as H, and the distance from a nozzle of an upper layer spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h2Wherein h is1The ratio of/H is 1/4, H2The value of/H is 3/4.
The blocky vanadium-titanium magnetite ore is put into a jet flow molten pool through a belt conveyor, the material enters a jet flow smelting zone to be melted and reduced, and the temperature of the jet flow smelting zone molten pool is about 1650 ℃.
Oxygen and natural gas are injected into an upper layer spray gun at the upper part of the jet flow smelting zone, and 126Nm of oxygen is required to be injected into each ton of vanadium-titanium magnetite ores337Nm of natural gas3. Oxygen, coal powder and natural gas are injected into a lower layer spray gun of the jet flow smelting zone, the spray gun is a split spray gun and is respectively injected with the coal powder, the oxygen and the natural gas, 243.58kg of the coal powder and 170Nm of the oxygen are injected into each ton of schreyerite3Natural gas 5Nm3. CO and CO in gas phase of combustion products of upper layer spray gun2、H2、H2O、N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 18.12 percent, 54.36 percent, 2.09 percent, 25.13 percent and 0.30 percent, and CO and H in the combustion product gas phase of the lower layer spray gun2、N2The volume fractions were 82.18%, 17.63%, 0.19%, respectively.
In a jet flow smelting zone, 570Nm high-temperature flue gas at 1650 ℃ can be produced by processing each ton of vanadium titano-magnetite3The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting zone and the electric heating reduction zone is mixed with air in a secondary combustion chamber to be fully combusted, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 1000 ℃, then the flue gas is recovered by a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the flue gas is treated and then discharged.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal with C, V content of 0.1% and 0.07% and slag with FeO content of 23.26%, and iron in the jet smelting zone has 90% entering into the metal phase. And (3) directly flowing the metal and the slag produced in the jet smelting zone into an electrothermal reduction zone, and further carrying out deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. Coke, silicomanganese and lime are added into the electrothermal reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the alkalinity of slag is CaO/SiO2= 0.5. FeO and TiO in slag after deep reduction2The contents are 1.29 percent and 56.69 percent respectively, and the content of C, V in the vanadium-containing molten iron is 1.5 percent and 1.05 percent respectively.
10 million tons of vanadium titano-magnetite are treated annually, 0.05 million tons of quicklime, 2.44 million tons of anthracite and 0.42 million Nm of natural gas are consumed30.26 million tons of coke and 0.10 million tons of silicon and manganese, 2977 million KWh of power generation can be realized by recovering the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas, 5.85 million tons of vanadium-containing molten iron can be produced, 2.48 million tons of titanium slag can be produced, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90 percent, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.1 percent.
Example 3
Sea placer is used as a raw material, and the components are shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the split type device of the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit shown in the figure 2 is adopted, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting zone, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, and the distance from a nozzle of the upper layer spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h2Wherein h is1The ratio of/H is 1/4, H2The value of/H is 3/4.
Mixing sea placer and quicklime according to the weight ratio of 1000: 32, the mixed materials are put into a jet flow molten pool through a belt conveyor, the materials enter a jet flow smelting zone to be melted and reduced, and the temperature of the jet flow smelting zone molten pool is about 1600 ℃.
The upper layer spray gun at the upper part of the jet flow smelting zone sprays oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment concentration is 50%) and natural gas, and the oxygen enrichment of 326Nm is required to be sprayed into each ton of sea placer3(wherein, oxygen 120Nm3Air 206Nm3) 61Nm of natural gas3. Oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment concentration 95%), coal powder and natural gas are injected into a lower layer spray gun at the lower part of the jet flow smelting area, the spray guns are integrated into a multi-layer spray gun, coal powder is injected into the center, oxygen enrichment is injected into the secondary outer layer, natural gas is injected into the outermost layer, 237.91kg of coal powder and 177Nm of oxygen enrichment are injected into each ton of sea sand ore3(wherein, air 10Nm3167Nm of oxygen3) 10Nm of natural gas3. CO and CO in gas phase of combustion products of upper layer spray gun2、H2、H2O、N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 13.28 percent, 39.84 percent, 1.98 percent, 23.81 percent and 21.09 percent, and the combustion products of the lower layer of the spray gun are CO and H in gas phase2、N2The volume fractions were 79.20%, 18.91%, 1.89%, respectively.
In a jet flow smelting zone, the method can process 817Nm of high-temperature flue gas at 1600 ℃ produced by each ton of sea placer3The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting zone and the electric heating reduction zone is mixed with air in a secondary combustion chamber to be fully combusted, then the high-temperature flue gas is recovered by a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the flue gas is treated and then discharged.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal with C, V content of 0.1% and 0.04% and slag with FeO content of 17.00% and iron content of about 90% entering the metal phase. And (3) directly feeding the metal produced in the jet smelting area into a steelmaking converter or an electric furnace to be used as a steelmaking raw material, enabling the slag to flow into an electrothermal reduction area through a chute, and further carrying out deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction area to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. Coke, ferromanganese and lime are added into the electrothermal reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the slag alkalinity is CaO/SiO2And =1. FeO and TiO in slag after deep reduction2The contents of the vanadium-containing molten iron are respectively 0.90 percent and 38.69 percent, and the contents of C, V, Mn and Si in the vanadium-containing molten iron are respectively 3 percent, 5.07 percent, 1.25 percent and 3.08 percent.
10 million tons of sea sand ore are treated annually, 0.77 million tons of quicklime, 2.38 million tons of anthracite and 0.71 million Nm of natural gas are consumed30.15 ten thousand tons of coke and 0.20 ten thousand tons of ferromanganese, 3565 ten thousand KWh of power generation can be realized by recovering the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas, 4.63 ten thousand tons of low-vanadium metal can be produced, 0.60 ten thousand tons of vanadium-containing molten iron and 3.77 ten thousand tons of titanium slag can be produced, and the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90% and the overall recovery of iron is about 99.4%.
Example 4
The high-phosphorus iron ore is used as a raw material, and the components are shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting zone, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, and the distance from a nozzle of the upper layer spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h2Wherein h is1The ratio of/H is 1/4, H2The value of/H is 3/4.
Mixing high-phosphorus iron ore, quick lime and anthracite according to the weight ratio of 1000: mixing materials according to the ratio of 71:50, putting the mixed materials into a jet flow molten pool through a belt conveyor, melting and reducing the materials in a jet flow melting zone, wherein the temperature of the upper part of the jet flow melting zone is about 1550 ℃ and the temperature of the lower part of the jet flow melting zone is about 1450 ℃.
Oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment concentration is 40%) and natural gas are injected into an upper layer spray gun at the upper part of the jet flow smelting zone, and the oxygen enrichment of 508Nm is required to be injected into each ton of high-phosphorus iron ore3(wherein, air 385Nm3Oxygen 123Nm3) 35Nm of natural gas3. Oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment concentration is 60 percent), coal dust and natural gas are injected into a lower layer spray gun at the lower part of the jet flow smelting area, the spray guns are integrated into a multi-layer spray gun, coal dust is injected into the center, oxygen enrichment is injected into the secondary outer layer, natural gas is injected into the outermost layer, 279.52kg of coal dust is injected into each ton of high-phosphorus iron ore, 326Nm of oxygen enrichment is injected into each3(wherein, air 164Nm3Oxygen 162Nm3) 10Nm of natural gas3. CO and CO in gas phase of combustion products of upper layer spray gun2、H2、H2O、N211.62 percent, 34.85 percent, 1.23 percent, 14.80 percent and 37.50 percent by volume fraction, and CO and H in the gas phase of combustion products of the lower layer spray gun2、N2The volume fractions were 64.92%, 15.34%, 19.75%, respectively.
In a jet smelting zone, treating each ton of high-phosphorus iron1161Nm high-temp fume at 1550 deg.C3The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting zone and the electric heating reduction zone is mixed with air in a secondary combustion chamber to be fully combusted, then the high-temperature flue gas is recovered by a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the flue gas is treated and then discharged.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal with C, P content of 1.0% and 3.04% and slag with FeO content of 8.60%, and the jet smelting zone has 95% of iron entering into metal phase. And the metal and the slag produced in the jet flow smelting area directly flow into an electrothermal reduction area for further deep reduction to obtain molten iron and slag. Anthracite and lime are added into the electric heating reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the slag alkalinity is CaO/SiO2= 1.2. The FeO content in the slag after deep reduction is 0.643 percent respectively, and the C, P, Si content in the molten iron is 4.0 percent, 2.96 percent and 0.47 percent respectively.
10 million tons of high-phosphorus iron ore are treated annually, 0.79 million tons of quicklime, 3.62 million tons of anthracite and 0.45 million Nm of natural gas are consumed3The high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery can generate 4525 ten thousand KWh of electricity, 5.48 ten thousand tons of molten iron can be produced, 3.52 ten thousand tons of slag can be produced, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.2 percent.
Example 5
The magnetite concentrate is used as a raw material, and the components are shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, an upper layer spray gun and a lower layer spray gun are arranged in a jet smelting zone, the height of a slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is recorded as H, and the distance from a nozzle of the upper layer spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as H1The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h2Wherein h is1The ratio of/H is 1/4, H2The value of/H is 3/4.
Mixing magnetite concentrate, quicklime and anthracite according to the weight ratio of 1000: 204: 50, respectively throwing the materials into a jet flow molten pool through a belt conveyor, melting and reducing the materials in a jet flow melting zone, and controlling the temperature of the jet flow melting zone molten pool to be about 1550 ℃.
Spraying oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment concentration is 40%) and natural gas into an upper layer spray gun at the upper part of the jet flow smelting zone, wherein the oxygen enrichment 574Nm is required to be sprayed into each ton of magnetite concentrate3(wherein, oxygen gas 139Nm3Air 435Nm3) 50Nm of natural gas3. Oxygen enrichment (the concentration of oxygen enrichment is 90 percent), coal dust and natural gas are injected into a lower layer spray gun at the lower part of the jet flow smelting area, the spray guns are integrated into a multi-layer spray gun, coal dust is injected into the center, oxygen enrichment is injected into the secondary outer layer, natural gas is injected into the outermost layer, 296.18kg of coal dust is injected into each ton of iron ore concentrate, the oxygen enrichment is 218Nm3(wherein, air 26Nm3192Nm of oxygen3) 10Nm of natural gas3. CO and CO in gas phase of combustion products of upper layer spray gun2、H2、H2O、N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 12.30 percent, 36.89 percent, 1.45 percent, 17.45 percent and 31.91 percent, and CO and H in the combustion product gas phase of the lower layer spray gun2、N2The volume fractions were 77.76%, 18.34%, 3.90%, respectively.
In a jet flow smelting area, 1148Nm high-temperature flue gas at 1550 ℃ can be produced by treating each ton of high-phosphorus iron ore3The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting zone and the electric heating reduction zone is mixed with air in a secondary combustion chamber to be fully combusted, then the high-temperature flue gas is recovered by a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the flue gas is treated and then discharged.
The jet smelting zone produced metal and slag, with a C content of 1.0% in the metal and a FeO content of 8.84% in the slag, respectively, and about 95% of the iron in the jet smelting zone entered the metal phase. And the metal and the slag produced in the jet flow smelting area directly flow into an electrothermal reduction area for further deep reduction to obtain molten iron and slag. Anthracite and lime are added into the electric heating reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the slag alkalinity is CaO/SiO2= 1.5. The FeO content in the slag after the deep reduction is 0.515 percent respectively, and the C content in the molten iron is 4.3 percent.
10 ten thousand tons of iron ore concentrate are treated annually, 2.20 ten thousand tons of quicklime, 3.83 ten thousand tons of anthracite and 0.60 ten thousand Nm of natural gas are consumed3The high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery can generate 4634 million KWh of electricity, 6.23 million tons of molten iron and 4.10 million tons of slag, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.2 percent.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 1, only the position arrangement of the spray gun is changed, H1/H =1/2, H2/H =1/100 and other smelting process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag, the C, V content in the metal is 0.1% and 0.1%, the FeO content in the slag is 15%, and 93% of iron enters the metal phase in the jet smelting zone. And (3) directly flowing the metal and the slag produced in the jet smelting zone into an electrothermal reduction zone, and further carrying out deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. Coke, silicomanganese and lime are added into the electrothermal reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the alkalinity of slag is CaO/SiO2= 1.0. FeO and TiO in slag after deep reduction2The contents are respectively 1.5 percent and 55.2 percent, and the content of C, V in the vanadium-containing molten iron is respectively 1.5 percent and 1.05 percent.
10 million tons of vanadium titano-magnetite are treated annually, 0.05 million tons of quicklime, 2.5 million tons of anthracite and 0.4 million Nm of natural gas are consumed30.25 ten thousand tons of coke and 0.10 ten thousand tons of silicon and manganese, 3000 ten thousand KWh of power generation can be realized by recovering the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas, 5.8 ten thousand tons of vanadium-containing molten iron can be produced, 2.5 ten thousand tons of titanium slag can be produced, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90 percent, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99 percent.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, only the position arrangement of the spray gun is changed, H1/H =99/100, H2/H =1/2 and other smelting process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag, the C, V content in the metal is 0.07% and 0.05%, the FeO content in the slag is 25%, and 88% of iron in the jet smelting zone enters into the metal phase. And (3) directly flowing the metal and the slag produced in the jet smelting zone into an electrothermal reduction zone, and further carrying out deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. Coke, silicomanganese and lime are added into the electrothermal reduction area for deep reduction and slag shape adjustment, and the alkalinity of slag is CaO/SiO2= 1.0. FeO and TiO in slag after deep reduction2The contents are respectively 1.5 percent and 55 percent, and the C, V content in the vanadium-containing molten iron is respectively 1.5 percent and 1.0 percent.
10 million tons of vanadium titano-magnetite are treated annually, 0.05 million tons of quicklime, 2.5 million tons of anthracite and 0.4 million Nm of natural gas are consumed3Coke 0.3 ten thousand ton, Si-Mn 0.12 ten thousand ton, high temperatureThe flue gas waste heat recovery can generate 3000 million KWh, can produce 5.9 million tons of vanadium-containing molten iron, 2.5 million tons of titanium slag, has the vanadium recovery rate of about 90 percent and the total iron recovery rate of about 99 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (24)

1. A smelting method of iron-based minerals is characterized in that a smelting device adopted by the smelting method comprises the following steps:
the jet smelting unit (10) comprises a jet smelting zone (11), an upper layer spray gun (12) and a lower layer spray gun (13), wherein the jet smelting zone (11) is provided with a first feeding hole (101), an upper layer spray hole (102), a lower layer spray hole (103) and a smelting slag outlet (104), the upper layer spray hole (102) and the lower layer spray hole (103) are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting zone (11), and the height of the upper layer spray hole (102) is higher than that of the lower layer spray hole (103); or the jet smelting unit (10) comprises a jet smelting and melting zone (14), a jet smelting and primary reduction zone (15), a first spray gun (16) and a second spray gun (17), the jet smelting unit (10) is integrated equipment, and the jet smelting and melting zone (14) and the jet smelting and primary reduction zone (15) are positioned in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting and melting zone (14) is provided with a first feeding hole (101) and a first injection hole (141), the jet smelting and primary reducing zone (15) is provided with a second raw material inlet (151), a second injection hole (152) and a smelting slag outlet (104), the first injection hole (141) is formed in the side wall of the jet smelting and melting zone (14), the second injection hole (152) is formed in the second side wall of the jet smelting and primary reducing zone (15), and the height of the first injection hole (141) is higher than that of the second injection hole (152);
the electrothermal reduction unit (20) comprises an electrothermal reduction zone (21) and a heating electrode (22), the electrothermal reduction zone (21) is provided with a smelting slag inlet (201), the smelting slag inlet (201) is connected with the smelting slag outlet (104), and the heating electrode (22) penetrates through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone (21) and extends into the electrothermal reduction zone;
the smelting method comprises the following steps:
injecting a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel into the jet smelting zone (11) through the upper-layer spray hole (102) by using the upper-layer spray gun (12), injecting a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone (11) through the lower-layer spray hole (103) by using the lower-layer spray gun (13), and adding the iron-based mineral, the first flux and the second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone (11) through the first feed inlet (101) for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; or, a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel are injected into the jet smelting melting zone (14) through the first injection hole (141) by using the first spray gun (16), and the iron-based mineral and a first fusing agent are added into the jet smelting melting zone (14) through the first feeding hole (101) for jet smelting melting to obtain a molten material; a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent are injected into the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) through the second injection hole (152) by using the second spray gun (17), the second reducing agent is added into the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) by using the second raw material inlet (151), and the molten material is introduced into the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) for jet smelting primary reduction to obtain smelting slag; wherein injecting the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel melts the iron-based mineral and the first flux to form a molten mass; blowing the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent to perform a preliminary reduction reaction on the molten material, so that more than 90% of iron is reduced; the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) are respectively multiple, the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) are double-channel spray guns, and inner-layer channels of the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun spray the spray gunA first oxygen-enriched gas, wherein the outer layer channel blows the first fuel; the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are respectively provided with a plurality of spray guns; the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are three-channel spray guns, the inner channel sprays the first reducing agent, the middle channel sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel sprays the second fuel; or, in the plurality of lower layer spray guns (13) and the plurality of second spray guns (17), one part sprays the first reducing agent, the other part is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel sprays the second fuel; wherein the injection flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based minerals is 100-700 Nm3The injection flow of the first fuel is 30-150 Nm3The combustion gas phase component of the material injected by the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) comprises CO and CO2、H2、H2O and N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 5-20%, 20-60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40%; the first reducing agent is blown by a first inert carrier gas, wherein the conveying concentration of the first reducing agent is 1kg/m3~40kg/m3(ii) a The blowing flow rate of the second oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based minerals is 100-400 Nm3The injection flow of the second fuel is 5-10 Nm3The blowing flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300 kg; the combustion gas phase components of the injected materials of the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) comprise CO and H2And N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 60-85%, 10-25% and 0.1-20%;
and introducing the smelting slag into the electrothermal reduction zone (21) through the smelting slag outlet (104) and the smelting slag inlet (201), and carrying out electrothermal reduction under the heating action of the heating electrode (22).
2. The smelting method according to claim 1, wherein the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline.
3. Smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the first reductant is one or more of coal dust, coke powder, petroleum coke, graphite; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the second oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with the volume fraction of 40-100%; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline.
4. Smelting process according to claim 1 or 2,
when the jet smelting unit (10) comprises the jet smelting zone (11), the upper layer spray gun (12) and the lower layer spray gun (13), the operating temperature in the jet smelting process is 1400-1650 ℃;
when the jet smelting unit (10) comprises the jet smelting and melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), the first spray gun (16) and the second spray gun (17), the operating temperature in the jet smelting and melting process is 1400-1600 ℃, and the operating temperature in the jet smelting primary reduction process is 1450-1650 ℃.
5. Smelting process according to claim 1 or 2,
when the jet smelting unit (10) comprises the jet smelting zone (11), the upper layer spray gun (12) and the lower layer spray gun (13), the temperature above a slag layer of the jet smelting is 1400-1600 ℃, and the temperature below the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1450-1650 ℃;
when the jet smelting unit (10) comprises the jet smelting melting zone (14), the jet smelting reduction zone (15), the first spray gun (16) and the second spray gun (17), the operating temperature in the jet smelting melting process is 1480 ℃, and the operating temperature in the jet smelting reduction process is 1520-1600 ℃.
6. Smelting process according to claim 4, characterized in that the binary basicity CaO/SiO of the smelting slag2=0.5~1.5。
7. The smelting process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by denoting the height of the slag layer of the jet smelting in the jet smelting zone (11) as H, the distance of the upper lance (12) nozzle from the slag layer surface as H1, and the distance of the lower lance (13) nozzle from the slag layer surface as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2 and H2/H is 1/2-99/100.
8. Smelting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electro-thermal reduction zone (21) further has a third feed opening (202) and/or electro-thermal reduction spray holes;
in the electrothermal reduction process, a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent are added into the electrothermal reduction area (21) through the third feeding hole (202); and/or blowing a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reducing area (21) through the electrothermal reducing spray holes by using an electrothermal reducing spray gun.
9. Smelting process according to claim 8, wherein the third reductant is one or more of lump coal, coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen.
10. The smelting method as claimed in claim 8, wherein when said fourth reducing agent is injected using said electrothermal reduction lance, said fourth reducing agent is injected by a second inert carrier gas; the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon.
11. The smelting method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the operating temperature during the electrothermal reduction is 1500-1700 ℃.
12. Smelting process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the iron-based mineral is one or more of vanadium titano-magnetite, sea sand, ilmenite, high-phosphorus iron ore, iron ore concentrate, pellets, iron ore powder, iron ore, and the second reducing agent is one or more of coal fines, lump coal, coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon.
13. Smelting process according to claim 12, wherein the iron-based mineral, the second reductant, the first flux all have a particle size < 50mm and a water content < 10 wt%; the amount of the second reducing agent is 15-45% by weight of the iron-based mineral.
14. Smelting process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electro-thermal reduction unit (20) are split or integrated plants.
15. The smelting method according to claim 14, wherein when the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are integrated equipment, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in the same furnace body, a partition wall is arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively located on two sides of the partition wall, a communication channel is arranged between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both located on the communication channel, and the smelting slag and the first metal produced in the jet smelting process are together introduced into the electrothermal reduction zone (21) through the communication channel to perform the electrothermal reduction reaction; or the jet smelting melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are positioned in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting melting zone (14) and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) are respectively positioned on two sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively positioned on two sides of the second partition wall, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both positioned at the second communicating channel, and the jet smelting melting zone (14) is also provided with a first metal discharge port (105);
when the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are split type devices, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively positioned in two furnace bodies, the jet smelting zone (11) is also provided with a first metal discharge port (105), and first metal produced in the jet smelting process is discharged through the first metal discharge port (105).
16. The smelting method according to claim 15, further comprising sequentially post-combusting and recovering waste heat from the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced by the electro-thermal reduction process, or combining the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting and melting process, the second flue gas produced by the electro-thermal reduction process and the third flue gas produced by the jet smelting and primary reduction process, and sequentially performing post-combustion and recovery of waste heat.
17. Smelting plant for iron-based minerals, characterized in that the smelting plant comprises a jet smelting unit (10) and an electrothermal reduction unit (20), wherein:
the jet smelting unit (10) comprises a jet smelting zone (11), an upper layer spray gun (12) and a lower layer spray gun (13), wherein the jet smelting zone (11) is provided with a first feeding hole (101), an upper layer spray hole (102), a lower layer spray hole (103) and a smelting slag outlet (104), the upper layer spray hole (102) and the lower layer spray hole (103) are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting zone (11), the height of the upper layer spray hole (102) is higher than that of the lower layer spray hole (103), the upper layer spray gun (12) sprays first oxygen-enriched gas and first fuel into the jet smelting zone (11) through the upper layer spray hole (102), the lower layer spray gun (13) sprays second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone (11) through the lower layer spray hole (103), and the first feeding hole (101) is used for adding the iron-based mineral ore into the jet smelting zone (11), A first flux and a second reductant, the jet smelting zone (11) being for jet smelting the iron-based mineral; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the jet smelting unit (10) comprises a jet smelting and melting zone (14), a jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), a first spray gun (16) and a second spray gun (17), the jet smelting unit (10) is an integrated device, and the jet smelting and melting zone (14) and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) are positioned in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone (14) is provided with a first feeding hole (101) and a first spray hole (141); the first spray gun (16) injects a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel into the jet smelting melting zone (14) through the first injection hole (141), the first feed inlet (101) is used for feeding the iron-based mineral and a first fusing agent into the jet smelting melting zone (14), and the jet smelting melting zone (14) is used for subjecting the iron-based mineral to jet smelting melting to obtain a molten material; the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) is provided with a second raw material inlet (151), a second spray hole (152) and a smelting slag outlet (104); the second spray gun (17) sprays second oxygen-enriched gas, second fuel and a first reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) through the second spray hole (152), the second raw material inlet (151) is used for adding the second reducing agent into the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) is used for carrying out jet smelting primary reduction on the molten material in the presence of the first reducing agent; the first injection holes (141) are formed in the side wall of the jet smelting and melting zone (14), the second injection holes (152) are formed in the second side wall of the jet smelting and primary reduction zone (15), and the height of the first injection holes (141) is higher than that of the second injection holes (152);
the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) are respectively provided with a plurality of spray guns, the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) are both double-channel spray guns, an inner layer channel of the double-channel spray guns is used for spraying the first oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer layer channel of the double-channel spray guns is used for spraying the first fuel; the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are respectively provided with a plurality of spray guns; the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are three-channel spray guns, an inner channel of the three-channel spray guns is used for spraying the first reducing agent, a middle channel of the three-channel spray guns is used for spraying the second oxygen-enriched gas, and an outer channel of the three-channel spray guns is used for spraying the second fuel; or, one part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns (13) and the plurality of second spray guns (17) is used for spraying the first reducing agent, the other part of the plurality of lower layer spray guns is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel of the double-channel spray gun is used for spraying the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel of the double-channel spray gun is used for spraying the second fuel; wherein the injection flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based minerals is 100-700 Nm3The injection flow of the first fuel is 30-150 Nm3The combustion gas phase component of the material injected by the upper layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) comprises CO and CO2、H2、H2O and N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 5-20%, 20-60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40%; the first reducing agent is blown by a first inert carrier gas, wherein the conveying concentration of the first reducing agent is 1kg/m3~40kg/m3(ii) a The blowing flow rate of the second oxygen-enriched gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based minerals is 100-400 Nm3The injection flow of the second fuel is 5-10 Nm3The blowing flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300 kg; the combustion gas phase components of the injected materials of the lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) comprise CO and H2And N2The volume fractions of the components are respectively 60-85%, 10-25% and 0.1-20%;
the electric heating reduction unit (20) comprises an electric heating reduction area (21) and a heating electrode (22), the electric heating reduction area (21) is provided with a smelting slag inlet (201), the smelting slag inlet (201) is connected with the smelting slag outlet (104), the heating electrode (22) penetrates through the outer wall of the electric heating reduction area (21) and extends into the electric heating reduction area, and the electric heating reduction area (21) is used for carrying out electric heating reduction on the smelting slag obtained in the jet flow smelting unit (10).
18. Smelting unit according to claim 17, characterized in that both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electro-thermal reduction unit (20) are split or integrated plants.
19. Smelting unit according to claim 18, characterized in that when both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electro-thermal reduction unit (20) are an integrated plant,
the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are positioned in the same furnace body, a partition wall is arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively positioned at two sides of the partition wall, a communication channel is arranged between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both positioned at the communication channel; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the jet smelting and melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in the same furnace body, a first partition wall and a second partition wall are arranged in the furnace body, the jet smelting and melting zone (14) and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) are located on two sides of the first partition wall respectively, the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located on two sides of the second partition wall respectively, a first communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the first partition wall, a second communicating channel is arranged at the bottom of the second partition wall, and the jet smelting zone (14) is further provided with a first metal discharge port (105).
20. Smelting unit according to claim 18, characterized in that when both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electro-thermal reduction unit (20) are split plants,
the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively positioned in two furnace bodies, and the jet smelting zone (11) is also provided with a first metal discharge port (105).
21. Smelting apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said electro-thermal reduction zone (21) further has a third feed opening (202) and/or electro-thermal reduction spray holes;
the third feeding port (202) is used for adding a second fusing agent and a third reducing agent into the electrothermal reducing area (21);
when the electrothermal reduction area (21) is further provided with the electrothermal reduction spray holes, the electrothermal reduction unit (20) further comprises an electrothermal reduction spray gun, and the electrothermal reduction spray gun is used for spraying a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction area (21) through the electrothermal reduction spray holes.
22. Smelting unit according to claim 17, characterized in that the electro-thermal reduction zone (21) also has a second metal tapping (203).
23. The smelting device as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 22, characterized by the height of the slag layer of the jet smelting in the jet smelting zone (11) being denoted as H, the distance of the upper lance (12) nozzle from the slag layer surface being denoted as H1, and the distance of the lower lance (13) nozzle from the slag layer surface being denoted as H2, wherein H1/H is 1/100-1/2 and H2/H is 1/2-99/100.
24. Smelting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein said jet smelting zone (11) also has a first flue gas outlet (106), said electrothermal reduction zone (21) also having a second flue gas outlet (204); or the jet smelting melting zone (14) is also provided with a first flue gas outlet (106), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) is also provided with a third flue gas outlet (153), and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) is also provided with a second flue gas outlet (204); the smelting device further comprises:
a secondary combustion unit (30) having an inlet connected to the first flue gas outlet (106) and the second flue gas outlet (204), or to the first flue gas outlet (106), the second flue gas outlet (204) and the third flue gas outlet (153);
and the inlet of the waste heat recovery unit (40) is connected with the outlet of the secondary combustion unit (30).
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