CN114990273B - Oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990273B CN114990273B CN202210426646.0A CN202210426646A CN114990273B CN 114990273 B CN114990273 B CN 114990273B CN 202210426646 A CN202210426646 A CN 202210426646A CN 114990273 B CN114990273 B CN 114990273B
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidyneiron Chemical compound [Fe]#P DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device, which comprise the following steps: uniformly mixing the high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon-to-carbon ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted; adding a to-be-smelted mixed material into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool; in the reduction smelting process, the electrode is used for supplementing heat to the molten pool, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and molten iron, slag and smelting smoke are obtained when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%. The invention can solve the problems of limited dephosphorization effect, long process, high energy consumption, high cost and the like in the existing high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ores.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the industrialized construction process in China, the related industries of steel are rapidly developed, and the demand of iron ore is increased year by year as a main raw material in the steel industry. Although China has surveyed iron ore reserves all the time in the front of the world, lean ore reserves in China account for about 98% of the total reserved reserves in China, so that a large amount of imported iron ore is needed in China every year. With the gradual shortage of resources for developing iron concentrates and the continuous rising of high-quality iron ore resource prices, the steel production cost is greatly improved, and the development of the limited steel industry is limited. Therefore, the development and utilization of refractory ores become the key for solving the problems.
The high-phosphorus iron ore resources in China are rich. The mineral structure has extremely fine embedding granularity, compact iron-phosphorus intergrowth and difficult separation. By adopting the traditional blast furnace smelting mode, phosphorus element can completely enter sinter and molten iron, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron is higher than 1.0%, so that segregation phenomenon, cold embrittlement phenomenon and the like of steel occur. Therefore, for a long time, the high-phosphorus iron ore with huge reserves in China is still 'foggy ore' due to the fact that an effective high-phosphorus iron ore smelting process is not developed.
Because the blast furnace process is difficult to reduce the phosphorus content of molten iron in smelting high phosphorus ore and the separation of iron and phosphorus is difficult, the blast furnace process cannot directly and independently smelt minerals such as the high phosphorus ore. The existing smelting process of the high-phosphorus iron ore comprises a direct reduction process and a smelting reduction process. The problems of long flow, high energy consumption and high cost are difficult to solve in the direct reduction process of prereduction-grinding selection/electric furnace melting and the like. In the smelting reduction process, oxygen top-blown smelting is mainly used, but the oxygen top-blown smelting is easy to cause excessive oxidation of iron liquid drops in a slag layer, the slag (FeO) content is too high, a furnace lining is easy to corrode, and the top-blown oxygen only can disturb a local area, so that dephosphorization effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention aims to provide an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore, which are used for solving the problems that the existing high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology is mainly oxygen top-blown smelting, iron liquid drops in a slag layer are easy to excessively oxidize, the FeO content in the slag is too high, a furnace lining is easy to erode, top-blown oxygen can only disturb a local area, dephosphorization effect is limited, and the problems of long flow, high energy consumption, high cost and the like are solved.
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method, which comprises the following steps:
Uniformly mixing the high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon-to-carbon ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
Adding the mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the mixture in the molten pool;
In the reduction smelting process, the electrode is used for supplementing heat to the molten pool, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and molten iron, slag and smelting smoke are obtained when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%.
Furthermore, preferably, the method further comprises:
Sequentially carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron to obtain low-phosphorus and low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualification conditions;
And taking the low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron as a steelmaking raw material.
Furthermore, preferably, the method further comprises:
Sequentially performing secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on the smelting flue gas to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and after the purified flue gas and the smoke dust reach the preset emission standard, the smoke dust is discharged.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that in the process of adding the mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the mixture in the molten pool,
Blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through at least two spray guns preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
Adopting a double-channel spray gun to spray oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool, wherein the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun sprays the oxygen-enriched air, and the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun sprays the fuel;
The raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of the slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the temperature of the molten bath is brought to 1400-1600 ℃ by adjusting the amounts of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel injected into the molten bath and the excess coefficient of air in the oxygen-enriched air.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the particle size of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux is < 5cm.
In addition, the reducing agent is one of coal, coke and petroleum coke or a plurality of the reducing agents mixed according to any proportion; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The flux is one of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite or a plurality of mixed materials according to any proportion; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40% -100%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The fuel is a solid fuel with a particle size of less than 100 μm.
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device, which comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun and an electrode; wherein,
A feed inlet and a smelting flue gas outlet are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a slag hole is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a tap hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
The spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and the nozzle of the spray gun is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode is arranged in a slag layer in the side-blown jet smelting furnace.
In addition, the method preferably further comprises a molten iron deep treatment device; wherein,
The deep molten iron treatment device comprises a deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device and a steelmaking device connected with the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device, and a raw material inlet of the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device is connected with the tapping hole.
In addition, the method preferably further comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
The flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device, a waste heat recycling power generation device and a dust collection device, wherein the secondary combustion device is respectively connected with the smelting flue gas outlet, the waste heat recycling power generation device is connected with the secondary combustion device, and the dust collection device is connected with the waste heat recycling device.
According to the technical scheme, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention have the advantages that oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from the spray gun on the side surface of the hearth, and the immersed flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the sprayed amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; the extra heat compensation is carried out on the molten pool by adopting electrode heating, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of injected gas causes foam slag is avoided, meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet flow can disturb the whole slag layer, thereby being beneficial to volatilizing phosphorus in a gas form and further obtaining low-phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention omits the coking process without pre-treating the raw materials, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces environmental pollution; the coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated and controlled, the dephosphorization process is facilitated, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based mineral can be realized, and the method has the strong iron extraction dephosphorization advantage in smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Furthermore, the invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and attainments together with a more complete understanding of the invention will become apparent and appreciated by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process block diagram of a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the drawing, a 1-side blowing jet smelting furnace, a 11-feed inlet, a 12-smelting flue gas outlet, a 13-slag outlet, a 14-tapping hole, a 2-spray gun, a 3-electrode, a 4-deep dephosphorization and sulfur device, a 5-steelmaking device, a 6-secondary combustion device, a 7-waste heat recovery power generation device and an 8-dust collection device are arranged.
The same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
Aiming at the problems that the prior high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology is mainly oxygen top-blown smelting, iron liquid drops in a slag layer are easy to excessively oxidize, the FeO content in slag is too high, a furnace lining is easy to erode, top-blown oxygen can only disturb a local area, dephosphorization effect is limited, and the flow is long, energy consumption is high, cost is high and the like, the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device are provided.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows a flow of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 shows a process of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 3 shows the structure of the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3 together, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
S1, uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon-to-carbon ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixture to be smelted;
s2, adding a to-be-smelted mixed material into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool;
s3, supplementing heat to the molten pool through the electrode in the reduction smelting process, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%, molten iron, slag and smelting flue gas are obtained.
Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, and submerged flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the sprayed amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; the extra heat compensation is carried out on the molten pool by adopting electrode heating, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of injected gas causes foam slag is avoided, meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet flow can disturb the whole slag layer, thereby being beneficial to volatilizing phosphorus in a gas form and further obtaining low-phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention omits the coking process without pre-treating the raw materials, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces environmental pollution; the coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated and controlled, the dephosphorization process is facilitated, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based mineral can be realized, and the method has the strong iron extraction dephosphorization advantage in smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
Sequentially carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron to obtain low-phosphorus and low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualification conditions;
The low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron is used as a steelmaking raw material.
Wherein, the preset qualification conditions can be set according to actual production requirements, and the molten iron is used for steelmaking process after the content of phosphorus and sulfur in the molten iron reaches the standard.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
Sequentially carrying out secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on smelting flue gas to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
And (5) after the purified flue gas and smoke dust reach the preset emission standard, performing emission.
And (3) after the high-temperature flue gas is burnt out in the secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler to generate electricity, and the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler is purified to reach the standard and then is discharged.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process of adding a mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the mixture in the molten pool,
Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are blown into a molten pool through at least two spray guns preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
adopting a double-channel spray gun to spray oxygen-enriched air and fuel to a molten pool, spraying the oxygen-enriched air on the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and spraying the fuel on the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
The raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material ejection outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material ejection outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of the slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
The oxygen-enriched spray guns are all positioned in the slag layer and positioned at 1/4-3/4 (calculated from top to bottom) of the slag height H, and the spray guns are arranged at the height position so that combustion occurs in the slag, thereby realizing rapid melting and reduction smelting of materials added into the upper part of the slag, and the disturbance of the mixed gas after combustion on the slag layer accelerates the escape of phosphorus in a gas phase form and enrichment of phosphorus into slag phase in the smelting process.
The spray gun adopts a double-channel spray gun, and adopts an inner layer to spray oxygen enriched (or oxygen with the oxygen concentration of 40% -100%) and an outer layer to spray gas fuel (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, biomass gas, hydrogen and the like) or liquid and solid fuel (coal dust, coke powder, petroleum coke and the like) carried by nitrogen.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the bath is brought to 1400-1600 ℃ by adjusting the amounts of oxygen-enriched air and fuel injected into the bath and the excess factor of air in the oxygen-enriched air. The melting pool is supplemented with heat by injecting fuel and oxygen-enriched air in the smelting process, and the extra heat supplementing of the melting pool can be carried out by adopting electrode heating in the smelting process in consideration of the foam slag phenomenon caused by a large amount of injected gas.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux are all < 5cm. Preferably 2 to 5cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reducing agent is one of coal, coke, petroleum coke or a plurality of them mixed according to an arbitrary ratio; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The flux is one of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite or a plurality of mixed materials according to any proportion; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40% -100%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The fuel is a solid fuel with a particle size of less than 100 μm.
The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention has the following principle:
After entering the molten pool, the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux are melted, and the reduction smelting process is started. Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are blown into a molten pool through a multichannel spray gun at the side surface of the hearth, and heat is provided for the material melting and reduction smelting process. As the fuel is burnt in the molten pool, the submerged combustion flame directly contacts the molten pool, the heat transfer rate is improved, the rapid melting and reduction smelting of the materials added into the upper part of the slag are realized, and the temperature of molten iron can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the injection quantity of oxygen-enriched air and fuel. When the temperature of molten iron is lower, the injection amount of fuel and the oxygen content in oxygen-enriched air are improved, the heat released by the fuel is increased, the temperature drop caused by the escape of molten materials and gas is reduced, and when the temperature of molten iron is higher, the injection amount of fuel and the oxygen content in oxygen-enriched air are reduced, and the heat released by the fuel is reduced. In the smelting process, not only iron oxide is reduced, but also phosphorus oxide is reduced, part of phosphorus enters molten iron, part of phosphorus escapes from the slag surface in a gas form, and unreduced phosphorus oxide enters slag. In the process of blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool, the gas continuously disturbs the molten pool, so that the escape of phosphorus in the form of gas is quickened, the contact of phosphorus and iron is reduced, and the phosphorus content in molten iron is further reduced. The proper amount of (FeO) in the slag can oxidize the phosphorus in the molten iron and combine the phosphorus with the (CaO) in the slag, so that the phosphorus in the molten iron enters the slag. However, too high a content of FeO in the slag will dilute the dephosphorizing ability of CaO, so the content of FeO in the slag is controlled to be 5-10%. The composition (CO, H 2、CO2、H2 O, N2) of the combustion products is controlled by adjusting the air excess coefficient of the fuel and the oxygen-enriched air, so that the oxidizing property of the slag is adjusted. After smelting for a certain time, low-phosphorus molten iron, slag and high-temperature flue gas are obtained and respectively flow out of the iron outlet, the slag outlet and the flue gas outlet. In addition, when the temperature of the molten pool is too low, the phenomenon that foam slag is easy to splash is easily generated when too much fuel and oxygen-enriched gas are sprayed into the molten pool, and the electrode can be adopted to supplement heat for the molten pool.
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device which comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, a spray gun 2 and an electrode 3; wherein,
A feed inlet 11 and a smelting flue gas outlet 12 are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, and a slag hole 13 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a tap hole 14 is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1;
the spray gun 2 is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, and the nozzle of the spray gun 2 is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode 3 is arranged in the slag layer inside the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1.
The oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun 2 on the side surface of a hearth, and submerged flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the sprayed amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; the electrode 3 is adopted to heat the molten pool for additional heat compensation, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of injected gas causes foam slag is avoided, and meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet flow can disturb the whole slag layer, thereby being beneficial to volatilizing phosphorus in a gas form and further obtaining low-phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention omits the coking process without pre-treating the raw materials, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces environmental pollution; the coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated and controlled, the dephosphorization process is facilitated, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based mineral can be realized, and the method has the strong iron extraction dephosphorization advantage in smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, further comprising a molten iron deep treatment device; wherein,
The deep treatment device for molten iron comprises a deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4 and a steelmaking device 5 connected with the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4, wherein the raw material inlet of the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4 is connected with a tapping hole 14. For further processing of the molten iron.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention also comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
The flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device 6, a waste heat recycling power generation device 7 and a dust collection device 8, wherein the secondary combustion device 6 is respectively connected with a smelting flue gas outlet 12, the waste heat recycling power generation device 7 is connected with the secondary combustion device 6, and the dust collection device 8 is connected with the waste heat recycling device 7. Is used for treating the smelting flue gas and avoiding environmental pollution.
In order to better explain the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore, the following specific embodiments are provided.
Example 1
The high-phosphorus iron ore components are shown in table 1, high-phosphorus iron ore, coal dust and quick lime are crushed until the granularity is less than 5cm, the materials with the binary alkalinity of 1.5 and the binary alkalinity of 1.2 are mixed uniformly according to the proportion of the carbon to be mixed, the materials are added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace from a top charging port for smelting, and oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen-enriched concentration of 75% and natural gas are sprayed into a slag layer of a molten pool in the furnace through a side-blown spray gun. During smelting, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1500-1550 ℃, the content of FeO in slag is 5-10 wt%, slag discharging and iron discharging operations are carried out after 1h of smelting, and pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.25% is obtained. And because the phosphorus content in the iron is higher, the dephosphorization is carried out outside the furnace after the molten iron is discharged from the furnace, and the molten iron with the phosphorus content less than 0.1% is obtained. And (3) recovering phosphorus-containing smoke dust generated in the smelting process through a waste heat boiler and electric dust collection equipment, and discharging the smoke after the smoke dust reaches the standard after being treated by a desulfurization and dephosphorization system.
| TFe | CaO | MgO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | P | S |
| 53.62 | 4.42 | 0.65 | 7.4 | 4.57 | 1.07 | 0.022 |
TABLE 1
Example 2
The same raw materials as those in the example 1 are proportioned according to the parameters of 1.0 of the carbon proportioning ratio and 1.5 of the binary alkalinity, are uniformly mixed, are added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace from the top of the furnace to smelt, and oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen-enriched concentration of 50% and coal dust are sprayed into a molten pool in the furnace through a side-blown spray gun. During smelting, the temperature of a molten pool is controlled to be 1450-1500 ℃, the (FeO) content in final slag is 8wt%, slag discharging and iron discharging operations are carried out after 1.5h of smelting, and pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.15% is obtained. The phosphorus-containing smoke dust generated in the smelting process is recovered by a waste heat boiler and an electric dust collecting device, and the smoke is discharged after reaching the standard by the treatment of a desulfurization system.
According to the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device, oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, and submerged flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the sprayed amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; the extra heat compensation is carried out on the molten pool by adopting electrode heating, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of injected gas causes foam slag is avoided, meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet flow can disturb the whole slag layer, thereby being beneficial to volatilizing phosphorus in a gas form and further obtaining low-phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention omits the coking process without pre-treating the raw materials, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces environmental pollution; the coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated and controlled, the dephosphorization process is facilitated, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based mineral can be realized, and the method has the strong iron extraction dephosphorization advantage in smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore.
The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ores according to the invention are described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process and apparatus for high-phosphorus iron ores set forth in the foregoing description without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for the high-phosphorus iron ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
uniformly mixing the high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon-to-carbon ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
Adding the mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the mixture in the molten pool;
In the reduction smelting process, the electrode is used for supplementing heat to the molten pool, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and molten iron, slag and smelting smoke are obtained when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%; wherein the temperature of the molten pool is made to reach 1400-1600 ℃ by adjusting the amounts of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel injected into the molten pool and the excess coefficient of the air in the oxygen-enriched air.
2. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process of claim 1, further comprising:
Sequentially carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron to obtain low-phosphorus and low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualification conditions;
And taking the low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron as a steelmaking raw material.
3. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process of claim 1, further comprising:
Sequentially performing secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on the smelting flue gas to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and after the purified flue gas and the smoke dust reach the preset emission standard, the smoke dust is discharged.
4. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein in the process of adding the mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, oxygen-enriched air and fuel are blown into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to carry out reduction smelting on the mixture in the molten pool,
Blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through at least two spray guns preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
Adopting a double-channel spray gun to spray oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool, wherein the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun sprays the oxygen-enriched air, and the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun sprays the fuel;
The raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of the slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
5. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein,
The particle size of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux is less than 5cm.
6. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein,
The reducing agent is one of coal, coke and petroleum coke or a plurality of the reducing agents mixed according to any proportion; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The flux is one of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite or a plurality of mixed materials according to any proportion; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40% -100%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The fuel is a solid fuel with a particle size of less than 100 μm.
7. A high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising a side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun and an electrode; wherein,
A feed inlet and a smelting flue gas outlet are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a slag hole is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a tap hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
The spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and the nozzle of the spray gun is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode is arranged in a slag layer in the side-blown jet smelting furnace.
8. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device according to claim 7, further comprising a molten iron deep treatment device; wherein,
The deep molten iron treatment device comprises a deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device and a steelmaking device connected with the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device, and a raw material inlet of the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device is connected with the tapping hole.
9. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device according to claim 7, further comprising a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
The flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device, a waste heat recovery power generation device and a dust collection device, wherein the secondary combustion device is respectively connected with the smelting flue gas outlet, the waste heat recovery power generation device is connected with the secondary combustion device, and the dust collection device is connected with the waste heat recovery power generation device.
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