CN101914648B - Method for producing low-phosphorus molten iron by utilizing oxygen-enriched top blown to carry out melting reduction on high-phosphorus iron ore - Google Patents

Method for producing low-phosphorus molten iron by utilizing oxygen-enriched top blown to carry out melting reduction on high-phosphorus iron ore Download PDF

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CN101914648B
CN101914648B CN2010102377377A CN201010237737A CN101914648B CN 101914648 B CN101914648 B CN 101914648B CN 2010102377377 A CN2010102377377 A CN 2010102377377A CN 201010237737 A CN201010237737 A CN 201010237737A CN 101914648 B CN101914648 B CN 101914648B
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furnace
phosphorus
iron
ore
molten iron
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CN101914648A (en
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王�华
李慧斌
卿山
李幼灵
张竹明
杨雪峰
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing molten iron by using high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material, coal dust as a reductant and limestone or dolomite as a fusing agent under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blown. The method comprises the following technological steps: crushing the high-phosphorus iron ore, the limestone, the dolomite and the reductant; proportioning, evenly mixing and preheating according to the alkalinity R of 1.0-2.0 and the inner carbon rate C/O of 0.9-1.3; and enabling nitrogen as a carrier gas to pass into a melting reduction furnace from a furnace side for blowing furnace materials, and producing the low-phosphorus molten iron under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blown, wherein the molten iron and the slag are respectively discharged from an iron-notch and a slag discharge notch at regular intervals. High temperature fume dust removal, secondary combustion, cogeneration and extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization are carried out. The invention overcomes the difficult problem that the traditional method is difficult for smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore, and has simple requirements for the raw materials and low construction cost; and the waste heat and chemical energy of high temperature furnace gas can be fully and effectively utilized, thereby being beneficial to developing abundantly stored high-phosphorus iron ore resources in China and strengthening the international competitiveness of iron and steel enterprises in China.

Description

Utilize oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce the method for low-phosphorous molten iron
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce low-phosphorous molten iron, belong to the energy and metallurgical technology field.
Background technology
Now, the China's economic high speed development, modernization construction still is rigid state to the demand of iron and steel.Blast furnace ironmaking is through the main flow technology that develops into the world of centuries; Yet its technical process is long, investment is big, environmental pollution is serious, flexibility of operation is poor, to the feed stock for blast furnace poor selectivity; Particularly the high energy consumption of the shortage of coking coal resource and blast furnace system has hindered further developing of blast furnace ironmaking.Nowadays, the fast development of non-blast furnace ironmaking technology, indivedual technology have reached its maturity and progressively industriallization.
In China's iron ore reserves, poor iron ore accounts for 98.1% of total reserves.Blast furnace also than higher, makes the many poor iron ores of China can not be used for normal smelting to the requirement of iron ore.Yet current international iron ore price rising all the way, particularly steel association fails in negotiation with three big mines in 2010, makes that the existence of Iron and Steel Enterprises in China is difficult more, so adopt the existing a large amount of poor iron ores of new smelting technology exploitation China extremely urgent.
China's iron ore deposit distributes extensively, and genetic type is various, and lean ore is many, and rich ore is few, and the symbiosis component is many in the ferruginous deposits.In identified 1834 place's iron ores, total proven reserve are 531.4 hundred million tons, and retained reserve is 501.2 hundred million tons, and wherein the retained reserve of high-phosphorus iron ore is 74.5 hundred million tons, accounts for 14.86% of the total retained reserve of national iron ore.The high-phosphorus iron ore that I cross mainly is distributed in the areas such as the Inner Mongol in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangsu and the North China of the Yangtze valley; It distributes extensively, reserves are big; But its mineral composition is complicated, and phosphorus ore thing disseminated grain size is tiny, and relation is complicated between phosphorus ore thing and the iron mineral; Connecting forces is big, belongs to refractory ore.For a long time, make domestic existing a large amount of iron ore deposits not to be effectively used, cause some mine to stop exploitation because of phosphorous height owing to not developing the ideal method for reducing phosphorus.Adopt oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing technology to smelt high-phosphorus iron ore and had effect preferably by verification experimental verification.Can utilize the characteristics dephosphorization that strong oxidizing property atmosphere and phosphorous oxides in the fusion reducing furnace can stable existence in slag, thereby reach desirable metallurgical effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention arises at the historic moment under the environment that this iron ore deposit goes from bad to worse, and is used for solving the problem that the blast furnace technology energy consumption is high, pollution is big, thermo-efficiency is low and China's poor iron ore of big reserves is difficult to smelt at blast furnace.This technology is simple to ingredient requirement, do not need coking, sintering, make operations such as ball, and investment construction, running cost is low, have fewer environmental impacts.
The objective of the invention is to adopt oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce low-phosphorous molten iron.Get into fusion reducing furnace as carrier gas winding-up furnace charge from the furnace side with nitrogen, can add strong mixing, improve reacting dynamics condition.Simultaneously furnace gas is carried out dedusting, secondary combustion and exhaust heat recovery power generation.The invention of this technology not only can directly utilize common coal dust as the smelting reducing agent, and can effectively utilize the waste heat and the chemical energy of high-temperature furnace gas, and is more perfect aspect energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Be to realize the object of the invention, adopt following technical scheme: a kind of method of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce low-phosphorous molten iron is characterized in that containing following process step: with furnace charge high-phosphorus iron ore, rhombspar, lime with go back the raw coal fragmentation; Scope according to basicity R is 1.0~2.0, in join carbon ratio C/O scope be 0.9~1.3 processing parameter proportioning mixing, preheating; Get into fusion reducing furnace as carrier gas winding-up furnace charge from the furnace side by nitrogen; Under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blowing, produce the relatively low molten iron of phosphorus content; Its molten iron and slag are then regularly emitted by iron notch and slag-drip opening respectively; High-temperature flue gas is through dedusting, secondary combustion; Utilize its cogeneration then, and the molten iron of coming out of the stove is carried out extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization.
Said furnace size≤30mm.
The expression formula of basicity R is:
R = CaO ( % ) + MgO ( % ) Si O 2 ( % ) + Al 2 O 3 ( % ) .
Also the add-on of raw coal is m (coal):
m ( coal ) = k · ( C / O ) × m ( ore ) × { ω FeO ( ore ) × 16 72 + [ TFe - ω FeO ( ore ) × 56 72 ] × 48 112 } / 16 ω C ( coal ) / 12
In the following formula: the quality of m (x)-x material;
ω y(z)-z in the massfraction of y;
K-conducts heat different and coefficient that produce to fusion reducing furnace, and coal dust is made reductive agent in fusion reducing furnace, also be heat-generating agent simultaneously.
The melting and reducing Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1350~1550 ℃, and the model and the fusion reducing furnace model of the oxygen rifle of its oxygen-enriched top blowing, heat exchanger, fly-ash separator, gas compressor are complementary.
The process step of invention is: with furnace charge high-phosphorus iron ore, rhombspar, lime with go back the raw coal fragmentation; According to processing parameter proportioning mixing, preheating; Get into fusion reducing furnace as carrier gas winding-up furnace charge from the furnace side by nitrogen.Under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blowing, produce the relatively low molten iron of phosphorus content, its molten iron and slag are then regularly emitted by iron notch and slag-drip opening respectively.High-temperature flue gas utilizes its cogeneration then through dedusting, secondary combustion., sulphur steel low-phosphorous for obtaining, molten iron carries out extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization to coming out of the stove.
Concrete processing parameter in the above-mentioned process step of the present invention is: (1). the broken granularity of furnace charge is≤30mm; (2). the scope of basicity R is: 1.0~2.0; (3). in join carbon ratio C/O scope be: 0.9~1.3; (4) the Reaktionsofen temperature control is at 1350 ℃~1550 ℃; (4). the speed visual fusion of the concentration of oxygen enrichment, pressure and winding-up furnace charge melt the model of reduction furnace and join the ore deposit than and decide.
Technical process of the present invention is following:
After the fusion reducing furnace warm start, the preheating furnace charge jetted as carrier gas by nitrogen from the side to be got in the fusion reducing furnace, and control oxygen rifle is a reasonable altitudes, begins to advertise oxygen enrichment.Oxygen enrichment combustion-supporting down, coal dust heat supply melting batch reduces high-phosphorus iron ore simultaneously.In fusion reducing furnace, the slag blanket below is the reduction zone, is the zone of coal dust reduction high-phosphorus iron ore; The oxidation zone that cause for the top blast oxygen enrichment slag blanket top, inflammable gas secondary combustion in the combustion-supporting lower furnace chamber of oxygen enrichment, the slag blanket and the iron that send the fusion reducing furnace bottom with radiation and heat conducting mode to are bathed, and keep temperature of reaction.
In entire reaction course, the C in the coal dust is not only as reductive agent, simultaneously also as heat-generating agent.Wherein provide the reaction of heat to mainly contain:
2C+O 2=2CO
CO+O 2=CO 2
2H 2+O 2=2H 2O
High-phosphorus iron ore at high temperature melts and is reduced, and the reaction that kakoxene is reduced in the reduction zone, bottom mainly contains:
3Fe 2O 3+CO=2Fe 3O 4+CO 2
Fe 3O 4+CO=3FeO+CO 2
Figure BSA00000206182800041
FeO+CO=Fe+CO 2
3Fe 2O 3+H 2=2Fe 3O 4+H 2O
Fe 3O 4+H 2=3FeO+H 2O
Figure BSA00000206182800042
FeO+H 2=Fe+H 2O
6Fe 2O 3+C=4Fe 3O 4+CO 2
2Fe 3O 4+C=6FeO+CO 2
2FeO+C=Fe+CO 2
The reaction of phosphorus in slag iron has:
2Ca 3(PO 4) 2+3SiO 2=3Ca 2SiO 4+2P 2O 5
2P 2O 5+10C=4P+10CO
4P+5O 2=2P 2O 5
2[P]+5(FeO)=(P 2O 5)+5Fe
(P 2O 5)+3(FeO)=(3FeO·P 2O 5)
(3FeO·P 2O 5)+3(CaO)=(3CaO·P 2O 5)+3(FeO)
In addition, in reaction process, the generation that furnace charge is gone into gases such as CO in winding-up that stove carries out and the slag blanket will cause the molten bath strong disturbance, increases slag iron contact area and strengthens secondary combustion thermal conduction, improves the reacting dynamics condition in the fusion reducing furnace greatly.The molten iron that reduction draws is in the bottom, molten bath, and phosphorus then forms stable compound and is enriched in the slag, regularly discharges molten iron, skims.Carry out dedusting, secondary combustion and exhaust heat recovery power generation to going out kiln gas.The product of, sulphur steel low-phosphorous for obtaining can carry out extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization to the molten iron of coming out of the stove.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Adopting oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing technology to smelt high-phosphorus iron ore has the following advantages:
1) this technology is used for solving the problem that the blast furnace technology energy consumption is high, pollution is big, thermo-efficiency is low and China's poor iron ore of big reserves is difficult to smelt at blast furnace, and this technique process is simple, does not need coking, sintering to make operations such as ball, pollutes and lacks, and cost is low.Directly utilize common coal dust, fine ore to get final product, more energy-conservation.
2) utilize phosphorus oxygen affinity height with and compound can the characteristics of stable existence in slag, the oxygen enrichment of top blast drives phosphorus enrichment in slag, thus produce the relatively low molten iron of phosphorus content., sulphur steel low-phosphorous in subsequent handling, obtaining, even ultralow phosphorus, sulphur steel can carry out further extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization to the molten iron of coming out of the stove.
3) carry out dedusting, secondary combustion and exhaust heat recovery power generation to going out kiln gas, effectively utilize fume afterheat and chemical energy thereof.
4) this technology invention will help developing a large amount of high-phosphorus iron ore resources that store of China, strengthen the international competitiveness of China Steel enterprise.Simultaneously can be so that Iron and Steel Enterprises in China is broken away from continuing to chase after and rise the dependence in three big mines, the world and international iron ore price.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of basicity expression formula of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce the method for low-phosphorous molten iron of the present invention is:
R = CaO ( % ) + MgO ( % ) Si O 2 ( % ) + Al 2 O 3 ( % )
The R scope is 1.0~2.0.
Also the add-on of raw coal is m (coal):
m ( coal ) = k · ( C / O ) × m ( ore ) × { ω FeO ( ore ) × 16 72 + [ TFe - ω FeO ( ore ) × 56 72 ] × 48 112 } / 16 ω C ( coal ) / 12
The quality of m (x)-x material;
ω y(z)-z in the massfraction of y;
K-conducts heat different and coefficient that produce to fusion reducing furnace, and coal dust is made reductive agent in fusion reducing furnace, also be heat-generating agent simultaneously.
The C/O scope is 0.9~1.3.
The melting and reducing Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1350~1550 ℃, and model such as the oxygen rifle of its oxygen-enriched top blowing, heat exchanger, fly-ash separator, gas compressor and fusion reducing furnace model are complementary.
Embodiment 1 is with Huimin iron ore (TFe (%)=49.01, FeO (%)=1.36, SiO 2(%)=18.99, Al 2O 3(%)=5.81, MgO (%)=0.23, CaO (%)=0.36, TiO 2(%)=0.28, S (%)=0.038, P (%)=0.90), flux and coal (C (%)=76.43, ash content (%)=15.29, fugitive constituent (%)=7.78, CaO (%)=1.59, SiO 2(%)=7.80, S (%)=0.35, P (%)=0.050) the powder fragmentation (≤30mm); According to basicity is 1.1, joins carbon ratio C/O and be 1.1 processing parameter proportioning mixing, gets into fusion reducing furnace by the furnace side winding-up; Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1450 ℃, and the molten iron result who under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blowing, draws: the recovery of iron reaches about 86.8%, and phosphorus content is 0.32% in the pig iron; Sulphur content 0.1645% is because its sulphur phosphorus content is still higher, so after molten iron is come out of the stove, utilize all the other oxidizing atmospheres to continue extra furnace dephosphorization; Also need carry out secondary desulfurization in addition, and then deliver to steelshop it.The model and the fusion reducing furnace model of oxygen enrichment and material preheater, fly-ash separator and gas compressor etc. are complementary.
Embodiment 2 above-mentioned raw materials are identical, are 1.1 according to basicity, join carbon ratio C/O and be 1.1 processing parameter proportioning mixing; Get into fusion reducing furnace by the furnace side winding-up, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1400 ℃, and the molten iron result who under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blowing, draws: the recovery of iron reaches about 84.3%; Phosphorus content is 0.23% in the pig iron; Whether sulphur content 0.07% carries out extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization according to the requirement decision to molten iron, delivers to steelshop then.

Claims (2)

1. method of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce low-phosphorous molten iron is characterized in that containing following process step: with furnace charge high-phosphorus iron ore, rhombspar, lime with go back the raw coal fragmentation; Scope according to basicity R is 1.0~2.0, in join carbon ratio C/O scope be 0.9~1.3 processing parameter proportioning mixing, preheating; Get into fusion reducing furnace as carrier gas winding-up furnace charge from the furnace side by nitrogen; Under the condition of oxygen-enriched top blowing, produce the relatively low molten iron of phosphorus content; Its molten iron and slag are then regularly emitted by iron notch and slag-drip opening respectively; High-temperature flue gas is through dedusting, secondary combustion; Utilize its cogeneration then, and the molten iron of coming out of the stove is carried out extra furnace dephosphorization and desulfurization;
Said furnace size≤30mm;
The expression formula of said basicity R is:
R = CaO ( % ) + MgO ( % ) SiO 2 ( % ) + A l 2 O 3 ( % ) ;
Said add-on of going back raw coal is m (coal):
m ( coal ) = k · ( C / O ) × m ( ore ) × { ω FeO ( ore ) × 16 72 + [ TFe - ω FeO ( ore ) × 56 72 ] × 48 112 } / 16 ω C ( coal ) / 12
In the following formula: the quality of m (x)-x material;
ω y(z)-z in the massfraction of y;
K-conducts heat different and coefficient that produce to fusion reducing furnace, and coal dust is made reductive agent in fusion reducing furnace, also be heat-generating agent simultaneously.
2. a kind of method of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting and reducing high-phosphorus iron ore to produce low-phosphorous molten iron according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the melting and reducing Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1350~1550 ℃, and the model and the fusion reducing furnace model of the oxygen rifle of its oxygen-enriched top blowing, heat exchanger, fly-ash separator, gas compressor are complementary.
CN2010102377377A 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Method for producing low-phosphorus molten iron by utilizing oxygen-enriched top blown to carry out melting reduction on high-phosphorus iron ore Expired - Fee Related CN101914648B (en)

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CN102051427B (en) * 2010-12-16 2012-11-21 昆明理工大学 Method for preparing low-phosphorus and low-titanium molten iron by mixed-smelting high-phosphorus iron ore and titanic iron ore by oxygen-rich top-blowing smelting reduction technology
CN102382919B (en) * 2011-10-31 2016-05-25 昆明理工大学 A kind of method of utilizing oxygen-enriched top blowing melting, reducing and smelting vanadium titano-magnetite
CN111961785B (en) * 2020-08-27 2021-12-24 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 Method for producing ultra-pure pig iron by iron bath smelting reduction method
CN111961802B (en) * 2020-09-02 2022-01-11 北京科技大学 Process for smelting molten steel by using high-phosphorus iron ore as raw material
CN114854924B (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-12-01 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method and device for preparing low-phosphorus molten iron from high-phosphorus iron ore

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CN101298634A (en) * 2008-06-24 2008-11-05 西安建筑科技大学 Premelting molten iron pretreatment dephosphorization agent
CN101519705A (en) * 2009-03-27 2009-09-02 昆明理工大学 Method for preparing molten iron by utilizing oxygen top blown smelting reduction ironmaking
CN101643811B (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-01-05 昆明钢铁控股有限公司 Method for producing low-phosphorous molten iron by high-phosphorous reduced iron
CN101643806B (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-04-06 昆明钢铁控股有限公司 Method for producing molten iron with high-phosphorus and low-iron refractory iron ore

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