CN103468961B - A kind of airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method - Google Patents
A kind of airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant, containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method, belong to field of steel production.It is characterized in that containing zinc, lead powder dirt for main raw material with Steel Plant, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, binding agent, flux and water, through ball press compacting balling-up after abundant mixing, send into airtight cupola furnace after drying or maintenance and smelt, finally obtain crude zinc, lead bullion and molten iron.It is strong that the present invention has adaptability to raw material, throughput is large, processing efficiency and added value of product advantages of higher, and by process, Steel Plant directly obtain the products such as crude zinc, lead bullion, molten iron, coal gas and slag containing zinc, lead powder dirt, crude zinc and lead bullion can refinings further, improve value-added content of product; Molten iron after pretreatment founding becomes ingot, for sale; Slag can be used as material of construction or after treatment as raw materials for production such as cement; Coal gas can be used as geseous fuel and uses in plant area inside.This technique has economic benefit and the environmental benefit of highly significant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of steel production, relate to a kind of containing zinc, lead powder dirt treatment process, especially relate to one and utilize airtight cupola furnace process containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method.
Background technology
By dust a large amount of for output in traditional Steel Production Flow Chart, this kind of dust is rich in the precious resources such as TFe, CaO, MgO, C, but also contain zinc, lead etc. to the disadvantageous element of steel manufacture process simultaneously, make being subject to certain restrictions in the recycle of iron and steel flow process inside of dust.Along with the energy, resource, environment situation are more and more severeer, the pressure of iron and steel enterprise is also increasing, and the high efficiente callback Utilizing question resolved containing zinc, lead powder dirt has just become the task of top priority.
Current domestic a lot of iron and steel enterprise will directly allocate sintering, pelletizing feed containing zinc, lead powder dirt into as raw material, the method is the simplest, the recycling of iron resources can be achieved to a certain extent, there is less investment, instant effect, without the need to changing the advantages such as original technique, but there is the problem such as batching, mixing difficulty, and circulation and the enrichment of harmful element can be caused, bring harm to blast furnace, the extensive style belonging to ion dust mud contaning utilizes, and thoroughly can not solve the problem (ironmaking of ion dust mud contaning high-efficiency resource recycling, 2010,29 (4): 56); Dust blowing process mainly by dust to replace part material to carry out recycling in certain proportion mixed injection to blast furnace or other melting furnaces, thus reach the object reducing ironmaking production cost, the method has certain effect, but there is quite high technical requirements to winding-up material, and its treatment capacity is little, the application of this technique is made to receive certain restriction (ironmaking, 2011,30 (1): 54); Process for making is returned containing zinc, the agglomeration of lead powder dirt, being used as steel-making refrigerant is the another approach utilized containing zinc, lead resourceization, current domestic and international many enterprises have made in this way, steelmaking process can make full use of FeO and CaO in dust, replace part slag former and refrigerant, and it is not high to dust agglomerate requirement of strength, steel-making lime and ferrous materials consumption can be reduced, thus reduction steel-making cost, but the method is not suitable for processing low-grade, high-carbon, high-alkali dust (environmental engineering, 2011,29 (2): 96).
Direct-reduction process and smelting reduction process can process iron and steel enterprise's major part containing zinc, lead powder dirt, effectively can not only utilize the materials such as iron, carbon and the calcium oxide in dust, also can remove the detrimental impurity such as Pb, Zn, S in dust simultaneously, produce metallized pellet or molten iron, have good treatment effect, representing technique has rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction technique and cupola furnace smelting reduction process.Dust is removed lead by operations such as mixing-batching-shaping-rotary hearth furnace direct-reductions by rotary hearth furnace process, the harmful elements such as zinc, obtain direct-reduced iron, direct-reduced iron can return Steel Production Flow Chart and use, the advantage of this technique is that processing efficiency is high, processing power is moderate, not very high to energy requirements, can directly use the byproduct coal gas of Steel Plant as thermal source, can be good at reclaiming the iron in dust, zinc, lead waits metal, but rotary hearth furnace process also also exists some technical problems and the shortcoming being difficult to overcome, as burner hearth is high, the bed of material is thin, efficiency of energy utilization is not high, need further research and perfect.The recovery rate of iron of cupola furnace smelting reduction process is high, and the scope of process dust is wide, and its product is molten iron, can be directly used in steel-making, do not need sinter machine, environment protecting is relatively better, but this technology investment is larger, and the equipment cycle of operation is short, maintenance capacity is large, will directly affect the running cost of this technique.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to one utilizes airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant containing zinc, lead powder dirt technique.This technique can processing containing zinc, lead powder dirt Steel Plant's heterogeneity, while utilizing in dust the resources such as Fe, C, can also fully reclaim zinc in dust, lead element.
The present invention contains zinc, lead powder dirt for main raw material with Steel Plant, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, binding agent, flux and water, through ball press compacting balling-up after abundant mixing, send into airtight cupola furnace after drying or maintenance and smelt, finally obtain the products such as crude zinc, lead bullion and molten iron.Technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) drying is carried out to containing zinc, lead powder dirt, allocate into the reductive agent (hard coal, coke powder etc.) of 0 ~ 20%, 0 ~ 5% flux (Wingdale, unslaked lime, silica etc.), the binding agent (cement) of 6 ~ 12% and the water of 10 ~ 20%, through pair roller ball press or vibration ball-pressing machine briquetting after abundant mixing, leave stock ground in after maintenance 72h for subsequent use.
(2) in order to ensure higher throat temperature and avoid temperature fluctuation excessive, pelletizing, coke are added preheater preheats, pelletizing is preheated to 450 DEG C, coke is preheated to 800 DEG C, preheated pelletizing and coke and other raw material transports, to furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace by furnace roof bell feeder and smelt.What the furnace roof of cupola furnace adopted is the airtight furnace roof of double-charging bell.
(3) cupola furnace is equipped with hotblast stove, and establishes upper and lower air port.During normal smelting, oxygen-enriched hot air is blown in stove by lower air port, and the coke of cupola furnace bottom is burnt, and releases heat, generates simultaneously and is rich in CO and CO
2high-temperature furnace gas, furnace charge contacts with red-hot coke and high-temperature furnace gas, carry out fierce heat exchange, complete the metallurgical process such as preheating, reduction, fusing, slag sluicing system containing zinc, lead powder dustball group, the plumbous liquid of final generation, iron liquid, slag, reduzate metallic zinc evaporates from furnace charge with the state of steam, enters furnace gas.
(4) move toward furnace roof containing zinc furnace gas, in order to prevent reoxidizing of zinc fume, need ensure that throat temperature is not less than 1000 DEG C, this technique throat temperature is 1050 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, if throat temperature is not enough, then blasts hot blast to furnace roof, CO in furnace gas is burnt, release heat, to make up the deficiency of furnace roof heat, thus ensure the temperature of furnace gas.
(5) furnace gas of high temperature enters lead-splash condenser from furnace roof, lead-splash condenser by high temperature containing the condensation of zinc furnace gas, and by plumbous rain by the zinc-iron alloy solution in furnace gas, zinc is made to enter plumbous liquid, the zincy lead liquid temp of being discharged by condenser is about 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, can obtain crude zinc containing after the plumbous liquid refrigerated separation of zinc, crude zinc can refining further, and plumbous liquid returns condenser to be continued to use.The remaining flue gas of discharging obtains coal gas and zinc-containing sludge after purifying and dedusting, and zinc-containing sludge can be used as and enters agglomeration system containing zinc raw material, and coal gas can be used as the geseous fuel of hotblast stove and pelletizing, coke heater.
(6) molten iron, lead bullion and slag regularly discharge out of the furnace from cupola well, and molten iron after pretreatment founding becomes ingot, and lead bullion can carry out further refining, slag water quenching, fragmentation, can be used as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations.
Outstanding feature of the present invention contains zinc, lead powder dirt by airtight cupola furnace process, reclaims zinc, from cupola well, regularly reclaim lead at furnace roof by lead-splash condenser from coal gas.
It is strong that the present invention has adaptability to raw material, throughput is large, processing efficiency and added value of product advantages of higher, and by process, Steel Plant directly obtain the products such as crude zinc, lead bullion, molten iron, coal gas and slag containing zinc, lead powder dirt, crude zinc and lead bullion can refinings further, improve value-added content of product; Molten iron after pretreatment founding becomes ingot, for sale; Slag can be used as material of construction or after treatment as raw materials for production such as cement; Coal gas can be used as geseous fuel and uses in plant area inside.This technique has economic benefit and the environmental benefit of highly significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 contains zinc, lead powder dirt process flow sheet for utilizing airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant,
Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram smelted by airtight cupola furnace.
Embodiment
The concrete technical process of patent of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one:
Select a kind of electric stove dust ash as raw material, its composition is Fe:35%, Zn:13%, Pb:3.5%; Select coke powder as reductive agent, its fixed carbon content is about 85.5%, and ash content is about 12.5%, and volatile matter is about 2%; Select ground silica as flux, its SiO
2content is about about 98%; Select cement as binding agent.Electric stove dust ash is added drying machine drying, in electric stove dust ash: coke powder: ground silica: cement: the ratio that water is about 100:17:5:10:15 adds coke powder, ground silica, cement and water, block is made at the pressure being not less than 20MPa after abundant mixing, it is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity >=95%, after maintenance completes, feeding stock ground is stacked.
Electric stove dust ash pelletizing and coke are sent into preheater preheats respectively, and pelletizing is preheated to about 450 DEG C, and coke is preheated to about 800 DEG C, and preheated pelletizing and coke send into furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace smelt through bell.Air port, cupola furnace bottom blasts oxygen-enriched hot air, and hot blast temperature is 800 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, and oxygen enrichment percentage is 1% ~ 10%, the coke before air port is burnt, releases a large amount of heats, produces containing CO and CO simultaneously
2reductibility furnace gas, this regional temperature can reach more than 2000 DEG C.The high-temperature furnace gas that air port produces up contacts with furnace charge, carries out fierce heat exchange, provides the heat needed for pelletizing preheating, reduction, fusing and slag sluicing system; Plumbous oxide and ferric oxide are reduced to metallic lead and metallic iron, are at high temperature separated with slag gradually, are pooled in cupola well and form slag blanket, iron liquid layer and plumbous liquid layer from top to bottom gradually, regularly discharge out of the furnace, and can obtain lead bullion, iron liquid and slag that grade is greater than 96%; Zinc oxide is reduced into zinc fume, moves toward furnace roof with furnace gas, enters lead-splash condenser by furnace roof, finally obtains crude zinc, zinc-containing sludge and coal gas that Zn content is greater than 97%.The temperature of airtight cupola furnace furnace roof is about 1050 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, if throat temperature is not enough, by furnace roof air blast, the CO in furnace gas is burnt, make up the shortage of heat of furnace roof, furnace roof blast volume is about 5 ~ 10% of air port, bottom blast volume.
Embodiment two:
Select a kind of blast furnace dedusting ash and electric stove dust ash as raw material, blast furnace dedusting ash component is Fe:31%, Zn:9%, Pb:0.5%, C:21%, and electric stove dust ash composition is consistent with the composition of embodiment one.Select unslaked lime as flux.Blast furnace dedusting ash and electric furnace dust are added drying machine drying, in blast furnace dedusting ash: electric stove dust ash: unslaked lime: cement: the ratio that water is about 65:35:2:10:15 is prepared burden, block is made at the pressure being not less than 20MPa after abundant mixing, it is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity >=95%, after maintenance completes, feeding stock ground is stacked.The manner can make full use of the carbon in blast furnace dedusting ash, does not need additionally to add reductive agent, can reduce the add-on of flux simultaneously.
Pelletizing and coke are sent into preheater preheats respectively, pelletizing is preheated to about 450 DEG C, and coke is preheated to about 800 DEG C, and preheated pelletizing and coke send into airtight cupola furnace furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace through bell, subsequent smelting process is consistent with embodiment.This example can obtain crude zinc and the grade lead bullion that is greater than 96% that grade is greater than 97%, obtain molten iron, slag and coal gas, molten iron after pretreatment founding becomes ingot, for sale simultaneously, slag is as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations, and coal gas uses in plant area inside as geseous fuel.
Claims (2)
1. airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, a lead powder dirt processing method, it is characterized in that selecting a kind of electric stove dust ash as raw material, and its composition is Fe:35%, Zn:13%, Pb:3.5%; Select coke powder as reductive agent, its fixed carbon content is 85.5%, and ash content is 12.5%, and volatilization is divided into 2%; Select ground silica as flux, its SiO
2content is 98%; Select cement as binding agent; Electric stove dust ash is added drying machine drying, in electric stove dust ash: coke powder: ground silica: cement: water is that the ratio of 100:17:5:10:15 adds coke powder, ground silica, cement and water, block is made at the pressure being not less than 20MPa after abundant mixing, it is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity>=95%, after maintenance completes, feeding stock ground is stacked;
Electric stove dust ash pelletizing and coke are sent into preheater preheats respectively, and pelletizing is preheated to 450 DEG C, and coke is preheated to 800 DEG C, and preheated pelletizing and coke send into furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace smelt through bell; Air port, cupola furnace bottom blasts oxygen-enriched hot air, and hot blast temperature is 800 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, and oxygen enrichment percentage is 1% ~ 10%, the coke before air port is burnt, releases a large amount of heats, produces containing CO and CO simultaneously
2reductibility furnace gas, this regional temperature reaches more than 2000 DEG C; The high-temperature furnace gas that air port produces up contacts with furnace charge, carries out fierce heat exchange, provides the heat needed for pelletizing preheating, reduction, fusing and slag sluicing system; Plumbous oxide and ferric oxide are reduced to metallic lead and metallic iron, are at high temperature separated with slag gradually, are pooled in cupola well and form slag blanket, iron liquid layer and plumbous liquid layer from top to bottom gradually, regularly discharge out of the furnace, and obtain lead bullion, iron liquid and slag that grade is greater than 96%; Zinc oxide is reduced into zinc fume, moves toward furnace roof with furnace gas, enters lead-splash condenser by furnace roof, finally obtains crude zinc, zinc-containing sludge and coal gas that Zn content is greater than 97%; The temperature of airtight cupola furnace furnace roof is 1050 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, if throat temperature is not enough, then by furnace roof air blast, the CO in furnace gas is burnt, make up the shortage of heat of furnace roof, furnace roof blast volume is 5 ~ 10% of air port, bottom blast volume.
2. airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method, it is characterized in that selecting a kind of blast furnace dedusting ash and electric stove dust ash as raw material, blast furnace dedusting ash component is Fe:31%, Zn:9%, Pb:0.5%, C:21%, electric stove dust ash composition is consistent with the composition of claim 1, selects unslaked lime as flux; Blast furnace dedusting ash and electric furnace dust are added drying machine drying, in blast furnace dedusting ash: electric stove dust ash: unslaked lime: cement: water is that the ratio of 65:35:2:10:15 is prepared burden, block is made at the pressure being not less than 20MPa after abundant mixing, it is 20 ~ 30 DEG C in temperature, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity >=95%, after maintenance completes, feeding stock ground is stacked;
Pelletizing and coke are sent into preheater preheats respectively, pelletizing is preheated to 450 DEG C, coke is preheated to 800 DEG C, and preheated pelletizing and coke send into airtight cupola furnace furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace through bell, air port, cupola furnace bottom blasts oxygen-enriched hot air, hot blast temperature is 800 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, and oxygen enrichment percentage is 1% ~ 10%, and the coke before air port is burnt, release a large amount of heats, produce containing CO and CO simultaneously
2reductibility furnace gas, this regional temperature reaches more than 2000 DEG C; The high-temperature furnace gas that air port produces up contacts with furnace charge, carries out fierce heat exchange, provides the heat needed for pelletizing preheating, reduction, fusing and slag sluicing system; Plumbous oxide and ferric oxide are reduced to metallic lead and metallic iron, at high temperature be separated with slag gradually, be pooled in cupola well and form slag blanket, iron liquid layer and plumbous liquid layer from top to bottom gradually, regularly discharge out of the furnace, obtain crude zinc and the grade lead bullion that is greater than 96% that grade is greater than 97%, obtain molten iron, slag and coal gas simultaneously, molten iron after pretreatment founding becomes ingot, for sale, slag is as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations, and coal gas uses in plant area inside as geseous fuel.
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Inventor after: Zhang Jianliang Inventor after: Mao Rui Inventor after: Wen Wen Inventor after: Liu Zhengjian Inventor after: Huang Donghua Inventor after: Yuan Xiang Inventor after: Wang Fei Inventor after: Xing Xiangdong Inventor after: Zhang Yapeng Inventor before: Zhang Jianliang Inventor before: Mao Rui Inventor before: Liu Zhengjian Inventor before: Huang Donghua Inventor before: Yuan Xiang Inventor before: Wang Fei Inventor before: Xing Xiangdong Inventor before: Zhang Yapeng |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: ZHANG JIANLIANG MAO RUI LIU ZHENGJIAN HUANG DONGHUA YUAN XIANG WANG FEI XING XIANGDONG ZHANG YAPENG TO: ZHANG JIANLIANG MAO RUI WEN WEN LIU ZHENGJIAN HUANG DONGHUA YUAN XIANG WANG FEI XING XIANGDONG ZHANG YAPENG |
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