CN103468961A - Method for processing dust containing zinc and lead in steel plant through closed cupola furnace - Google Patents
Method for processing dust containing zinc and lead in steel plant through closed cupola furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing the dust containing zinc and lead in a steel plant through a closed cupola furnace, and belongs to the field of steel production. The method is characterized in that the dust containing the zinc and the lead in the steel plant serves as the main raw material, certain quantities of a reducing agent, a binder, a fusing agent and water are added, and after fully mixing, the mixed materials are pressed by a ball pressing machine into balls; after being dried or maintained, the balls are conveyed into the closed cupola furnace to be smelted, and finally spelter, lead bullion and molten iron are obtained. The method has the advantages of being high in raw material adaptability, strong in production capability, high in processing efficiency and additional value of products and the like. The spelter, the lead bullion, the molten iron, gas, slag and the like can be directly obtained through the dust containing the zinc and the lead in the steel plant, the spelter and the lead bullion can be refined further, and the additional value of the products is improved. The molten iron is preprocessed and then is cast into ingots to be sold. After being processed, the slag can serve as building materials or cement or other production raw materials. The gas can serve as gas fuel to be used in the plant. The method is very obvious in economic benefits and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Iron and Steel Production field, relate to a kind ofly containing zinc, lead powder dirt treatment process, especially relate to and a kind ofly utilize airtight cupola furnace to process containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method.
Background technology
In traditional Steel Production Flow Chart by output a large amount of dust, this class dust is rich in the precious resources such as TFe, CaO, MgO, C, but also contain zinc, lead etc. to the disadvantageous element of steel manufacture process, the recycle in iron and steel flow process inside of dust is subject to certain restrictions simultaneously.Along with the energy, resource, environment situation are more and more severeer, the pressure of iron and steel enterprise is also increasing, and the high efficiente callback of resolving containing zinc, lead powder dirt utilizes problem just to become the task of top priority.
Domestic a lot of iron and steel enterprises will directly allocate sintering, pelletizing feed into as raw material containing zinc, lead powder dirt at present, the method is the simplest, can realize to a certain extent the recycling of iron resources, there is less investment, instant effect, without advantages such as the original techniques of change, but there is batching, mix the problems such as difficult, and can cause circulation and the enrichment of harmful element, bring harm to blast furnace, belong to the extensive style utilization of ion dust mud contaning, can not thoroughly solve the problem (ironmaking of ion dust mud contaning high-efficiency resource recycling, 2010,29 (4): 56); The dust blowing process is mainly with the certain proportion mixed injection, in blast furnace or other melting furnaces, to replace part material to carry out recycling in dust, thereby reach the purpose that reduces the ironmaking production cost, the method has certain effect, but the winding-up material is had to quite high technical requirements, and its treatment capacity is little, make the application of this technique be subject to certain restriction (ironmaking, 2011,30 (1): 54); Return to process for making containing zinc, the agglomeration of lead powder dirt, being used as the steel-making refrigerant is the another approach containing zinc, lead resource utilization, domestic and international many enterprises have made in this way at present, steelmaking process can take full advantage of FeO and the CaO in dust, replace part slag former and refrigerant, and it is not high to dust agglomerate requirement of strength, can reduce steel-making lime and ferrous materials consumption, thereby reduction steel-making cost, but that the method is not suitable for processing is low-grade, high-carbon, high-alkali dust (environmental engineering, 2011,29 (2): 96).
It is most of containing zinc, lead powder dirt that direct-reduction process and smelting reduction process can be processed iron and steel enterprise, can not only effectively utilize the materials such as iron, carbon and calcium oxide in dust, also can remove the detrimental impurity such as Pb in dust, Zn, S simultaneously, produce metallized pellet or molten iron, there is treatment effect preferably, represent that technique has rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction technique and cupola furnace smelting reduction process.Rotary hearth furnace process removes lead by dust by mixing-batching-moulding-operations such as rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction, the harmful elements such as zinc, obtain direct-reduced iron, direct-reduced iron can return to Steel Production Flow Chart and use, the advantage of this technique is that processing efficiency is high, processing power is moderate, it is not very high that the energy is required, can directly use the byproduct coal gas of Steel Plant as thermal source, can be good at reclaiming the iron in dust, zinc, the plumbous metal that waits, but the shortcoming that rotary hearth furnace process also exists some technical problems and is difficult to overcome, as high as burner hearth, the bed of material is thin, efficiency of energy utilization is not high, further research and perfect needs.The recovery rate of iron of cupola furnace smelting reduction process is high, and the scope of processing dust is wide, and its product is molten iron, can be directly used in steel-making, do not need sinter machine, environment protecting is relatively better, but this technology investment is larger, and the equipment cycle of operation is short, and maintenance capacity is large, the running cost of this technique will directly be affected.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind ofly utilize airtight cupola furnace to process Steel Plant containing zinc, lead powder dirt technique.This technique can, to being processed containing zinc, lead powder dirt of Steel Plant's heterogeneity, in the resource such as Fe, C, can also fully reclaim zinc in dust, lead element in utilizing dust.
It is main raw material containing zinc, lead powder dirt that Steel Plant are take in the present invention, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, binding agent, flux and water, fully mix by ball press compacting balling-up, send into airtight cupola furnace after drying or maintenance and smelted, finally obtain the products such as crude zinc, lead bullion and molten iron.Technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) to containing zinc, lead powder dirt, carrying out drying, allocate 0～20% reductive agent (hard coal, coke powder etc.), 0～5% flux (Wingdale, unslaked lime, silica etc.), 6～12% binding agent (cement) and 10～20% water into, fully mix by pair roller ball press or vibration ball-pressing machine briquetting, leave stock ground in after maintenance 72h standby.
(2) in order to guarantee higher throat temperature and to avoid temperature fluctuation excessive, pelletizing, coke are added to the preheater preheating, pelletizing is preheated to 450 ℃, coke is preheated to 800 ℃, preheated pelletizing and coke and other raw material transports, to furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace to be smelted by furnace roof bell feeder.What the furnace roof of cupola furnace adopted is the airtight furnace roof of double-charging bell.
(3) cupola furnace is equipped with hotblast stove, and establishes upper and lower air port.During normal the smelting, oxygen-enriched hot air is blown in stove by lower air port, makes the coke burning of cupola furnace bottom, emits heat, generates and is rich in CO and CO simultaneously
2high-temperature furnace gas, furnace charge contacts with red-hot coke and high-temperature furnace gas, carry out fierce heat exchange, complete the metallurgical processes such as preheating containing zinc, lead powder dustball group, reduction, fusing, the separation of slag iron, final plumbous liquid, iron liquid, the slag of generating, the reduzate metallic zinc evaporates from furnace charge with the state of steam, enters furnace gas.
(4) containing the zinc furnace gas, toward furnace roof, move, in order to prevent reoxidizing of zinc fume, need guarantee that throat temperature is not less than 1000 ℃, this technique throat temperature is 1050 ℃～1100 ℃, if the throat temperature deficiency blasts hot blast to furnace roof, make the CO burning in furnace gas, emit heat, to make up the deficiency of furnace roof heat, thus the temperature of assurance furnace gas.
(5) furnace gas of high temperature enters lead-splash condenser from furnace roof, lead-splash condenser by high temperature containing the condensation of zinc furnace gas, and by plumbous rain, the zinc in furnace gas is absorbed, make zinc enter plumbous liquid, the zincy lead liquid temp of being discharged by condenser is about 500 ℃～550 ℃, can obtain crude zinc after but separating containing the plumbous liquid cooling of zinc, further refining of crude zinc, plumbous liquid returns to condenser and continues use.The remaining flue gas of discharging obtains coal gas and zinc-containing sludge after purifying and dedusting, and zinc-containing sludge can be used as containing the zinc raw material and enters the agglomeration system, and coal gas can be used as the geseous fuel of hotblast stove and pelletizing, coke heater.
(6) molten iron, lead bullion and slag regularly discharge out of the furnace from cupola well, and molten iron founding after pretreatment becomes ingot, and lead bullion can carry out further refining, and slag water quenching, fragmentation can be used as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is to process containing zinc, lead powder dirt by airtight cupola furnace, reclaims zinc from coal gas by lead-splash condenser at furnace roof, from cupola well, regularly reclaims plumbous.
It is strong that the present invention has an adaptability to raw material, throughput is large, and processing efficiency and added value of product advantages of higher can directly obtain the products such as crude zinc, lead bullion, molten iron, coal gas and slag containing zinc, lead powder dirt by processing Steel Plant, the further refining of crude zinc and lead bullion, improve value-added content of product; Molten iron founding after pretreatment becomes ingot, for sale; Slag can be used as material of construction or after treatment as raw materials for production such as cement; Coal gas can be used as geseous fuel in the inner use of plant area.This technique has economic benefit and the environmental benefit of highly significant.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 contains zinc, lead powder dirt process flow sheet for utilizing airtight cupola furnace to process Steel Plant,
Fig. 2 is that airtight cupola furnace is smelted schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The concrete technical process of patent of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one:
Select a kind of electric stove dust ash as raw material, its composition is Fe:35%, Zn:13%, Pb:3.5%; Select coke powder as reductive agent, its fixed carbon content is about 85.5%, and ash content is about 12.5%, and volatile matter is about 2%; Select ground silica as flux, its SiO
2content is about 98% left and right; Select cement as binding agent.The electric stove dust ash is added to drying machine drying, in the electric stove dust ash: coke powder: ground silica: cement: the ratio that water is about 100:17:5:10:15 adds coke powder, ground silica, cement and water, be not less than briquetting under the pressure of 20MPa after fully mixing, in temperature, it is 20～30 ℃, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity >=95%, send into stock ground and stack after maintenance completes.
Electric stove dust ash pelletizing and coke are sent into respectively to the preheater preheating, and pelletizing is preheated to 450 ℃ of left and right, and coke is preheated to 800 ℃ of left and right, and preheated pelletizing and coke are sent into furnace top bin, through bell, add airtight cupola furnace to be smelted.Air port, cupola furnace bottom blasts oxygen-enriched hot air, and hot blast temperature is 800 ℃～1100 ℃, and oxygen enrichment percentage is 1%～10%, makes the coke burning before air port, emits a large amount of heats, produces and contains CO and CO simultaneously
2the reductibility furnace gas, this regional temperature can reach more than 2000 ℃.The high-temperature furnace gas that air port produces up contacts with furnace charge, carries out fierce heat exchange, provides pelletizing preheating, reduction, fusing and slag iron to separate required heat; Plumbous oxide and ferric oxide are reduced to metallic lead and metallic iron, at high temperature with slag, separate gradually, are pooled in cupola well and form gradually slag blanket, iron liquid layer and plumbous liquid layer from top to bottom, regularly discharge out of the furnace, and can obtain lead bullion, iron liquid and slag that grade is greater than 96%; Zinc oxide is reduced into zinc fume, with furnace gas, toward the furnace roof motion, by furnace roof, enters lead-splash condenser, finally obtains crude zinc, zinc-containing sludge and coal gas that zinc content is greater than 97%.The temperature of airtight cupola furnace furnace roof is about 1050 ℃～1100 ℃, if the throat temperature deficiency can make the CO burning in furnace gas by the furnace roof air blast, makes up the shortage of heat of furnace roof, and the furnace roof blast volume is about 5～10% of air port, bottom blast volume.
Embodiment two:
Select a kind of blast furnace dedusting ash and electric stove dust ash as raw material, the blast furnace dedusting ash component is Fe:31%, Zn:9%, and Pb:0.5%, C:21%, the electric stove dust ash composition is consistent with the composition of embodiment one.Select unslaked lime as flux.Blast furnace dedusting ash and electric furnace dust are added to drying machine drying, in blast furnace dedusting ash: electric stove dust ash: unslaked lime: cement: water is about the ratio of 65:35:2:10:15 and is prepared burden, be not less than briquetting under the pressure of 20MPa after fully mixing, in temperature, it is 20～30 ℃, maintenance 72h under the environment of humidity >=95%, send into stock ground and stack after maintenance completes.The manner can take full advantage of the carbon in blast furnace dedusting ash, does not need additionally to add reductive agent, can reduce the add-on of flux simultaneously.
Pelletizing and coke are sent into respectively to the preheater preheating, pelletizing is preheated to 450 ℃ of left and right, and coke is preheated to 800 ℃ of left and right, and preheated pelletizing and coke are sent into airtight cupola furnace furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace through bell, the subsequent smelting process is consistent with embodiment.This example can obtain grade and be greater than the lead bullion that 97% crude zinc and grade are greater than 96%, obtain molten iron, slag and coal gas, molten iron founding after pretreatment becomes ingot, for sale simultaneously, slag is as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations, and coal gas is used in plant area inside as geseous fuel.
Claims (2)
1. an airtight cupola furnace is processed Steel Plant containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method, it is characterized in that take that Steel Plant are main raw material containing zinc, lead powder dirt, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, binding agent, flux and water, fully mix by ball press compacting balling-up, sending into airtight cupola furnace after drying or maintenance is smelted, finally obtain crude zinc, lead bullion and molten iron, concrete technical scheme is:
(1) to containing zinc, lead powder dirt, carrying out drying, allocate 0～20% reductive agent containing zinc, lead powder dirt raw material total amount, 0～5% flux, 6～12% binding agent and 10～20% water into, fully mix by pair roller ball press or vibration ball-pressing machine briquetting, leave stock ground in after maintenance 72h standby; Reductive agent is hard coal, coke powder, and flux is Wingdale, unslaked lime, silica, and binding agent is cement;
(2) in order to guarantee higher throat temperature and to avoid temperature fluctuation excessive, pelletizing, coke are added to the preheater preheating, pelletizing is preheated to 450 ℃, coke is preheated to 800 ℃, preheated pelletizing and coke and other raw material transports, to furnace top bin, add airtight cupola furnace to be smelted by furnace roof bell feeder;
(3) cupola furnace is equipped with hotblast stove, and establishes upper and lower air port; During smelting, oxygen-enriched hot air is blown in stove by lower air port, makes the coke burning of cupola furnace bottom, emits heat, generates and is rich in CO and CO simultaneously
2high-temperature furnace gas, furnace charge contacts with red-hot coke and high-temperature furnace gas, carry out fierce heat exchange, complete the metallurgical processes such as preheating containing zinc, lead powder dustball group, reduction, fusing, the separation of slag iron, final plumbous liquid, iron liquid, the slag of generating, the reduzate metallic zinc evaporates from furnace charge with the state of steam, enters furnace gas;
(4) containing the zinc furnace gas toward furnace roof motion, for prevent zinc fume reoxidize, throat temperature is 1050 ℃～1100 ℃, if the throat temperature deficiency, blast hot blast to furnace roof, make the CO burning in furnace gas, emit heat, to make up the deficiency of furnace roof heat, thus the temperature of assurance furnace gas;
(5) furnace gas of high temperature enters lead-splash condenser from furnace roof, lead-splash condenser by high temperature containing the condensation of zinc furnace gas, and by plumbous rain, the zinc in furnace gas is absorbed, make zinc enter plumbous liquid, the zincy lead liquid temp of being discharged by condenser is 500 ℃～550 ℃, obtain crude zinc after but separating containing the plumbous liquid cooling of zinc, the further refining of crude zinc, plumbous liquid returns to condenser to be continued to use; The remaining flue gas of discharging obtains coal gas and zinc-containing sludge after purifying and dedusting, and zinc-containing sludge is as containing the zinc raw material, entering the agglomeration system, and coal gas is as the geseous fuel of hotblast stove and pelletizing, coke heater;
(6) molten iron, lead bullion and slag regularly discharge out of the furnace from cupola well, and molten iron founding after pretreatment becomes ingot, and lead bullion carries out further refining, and slag water quenching, fragmentation, as material of construction or carry out other comprehensive utilizations.
2. a kind of airtight cupola furnace is processed Steel Plant containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method according to claim 1, and what it is characterized in that the furnace roof of cupola furnace adopts is the airtight furnace roof of double-charging bell.
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| CN103695666A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 泰州振昌工业废渣综合利用有限责任公司 | Method for enriching metal zinc of industrial solid wastes by using melting reduction modification furnace |
| CN104073649A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-01 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Iron-containing zinc powder recycling process |
| CN104807316A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-29 | 汉中锌业有限责任公司 | Wet process zinc smelting slag drying and sintering device and method |
| CN104831086A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-12 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Lead and zinc-containing material sintering melting method |
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| CN110453082A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 龙岩山青冶金科技有限公司 | Steel plant's Zinc-Bearing Wastes electric furnace process recycles crude zinc system and method |
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