CN103451451A - Ferro-nickel alloy production technology with laterite nickel ore processed through oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace - Google Patents
Ferro-nickel alloy production technology with laterite nickel ore processed through oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ferro-nickel alloy production technology with laterite nickel ore processed through an oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace and belongs to the field of laterite nickel ore production. The technology is characterized in that the laterite nickel ore is main raw materials, a certain quantity of reducing agents, fusion agents and water are added, after complete mixing, a ball is formed by pressing through a ball press machine, after drying, the ball is sent into the oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace for smelting, finally nickeliferous molten iron, high-heat-value gas and slag are obtained, the nickeliferous molten iron is cast to form an ingot, ferro-nickel alloy is obtained, and the high-heat-value gas and the slag are cycled and used. The production technology has the advantages of being simple and easy to operate, raw material adaptability is strong, processing efficiency is high, different kinds of laterite nickel ore can be processed efficiently, the ferro-nickel alloy is produced, and meanwhile the high-heat-value gas generated in the smelting process can be used in a physical heat and chemical heat mode, the generated slag can be in resource utilization, and obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the red soil nickel ore production field, relate to a kind of Rhometal production technique, especially relate to a kind of shaft furnace that utilizes and process the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior.
Background technology
That nickel has is anti-oxidant, anticorrosive, high temperature resistant, ductility is good, the intensity advantages of higher, is widely used in producing the critical materials such as stainless steel, high-temperature alloy steel, is a kind of important strategic metal.The mineral wealth of nickel mainly are divided into nickel sulfide ore and red soil nickel ore, wherein account in the world can be for 30%～40% of the nickel resources of exploitation for nickel sulfide ore, nickel oxide ore accounts for 60%～70%, and the nickel sulfide ore resource reserve is limited, and through long-term exploitation, its reserves sharply descend, be faced with day by day exhausted situation, and the red soil nickel ore aboundresources, mining cost is low, resources advantage is obvious, will be the main source of following nickel.
Along with the increase of stainless steel industry to the Rhometal demand, make the smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore alloy industry develop at home rapidly in recent years.Traditional sintering-blast furnace technology is processed red soil nickel ore technique (nonferrous metallurgy design and research, 2012,33 (5): 16) there is the shortcomings such as energy consumption is high, seriously polluted, be eliminated gradually, with rotary kiln-eaf process, for representing coal-based DR process (as Chinese patent 200910067714.3), at home and abroad be widely used in recent years, but the shortcoming such as this technique also exists that flow process factory, energy consumption are high, the easy ring formation of rotary kiln, processing efficiency are low.Seldom a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore has been invented by king Industry Group Co.,Ltd, the method adopts wet bulb to enter furnace operating, substituted traditional sintering process, not only reduced pollution and energy consumption, wet bulb can also play the effect of filtering smoke when smelting simultaneously.In addition, the method for this process using low temperature smelting, can improve the nickel content in ferronickel, is a kind of Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore preferably.In general, China also has very large development space aspect the red soil nickel ore processing, in the urgent need to developing the red soil nickel ore efficient treatment process that is applicable to China's national situation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of novel process of utilizing the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace efficiently to process the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy, this technique can be processed the red soil nickel ore of different grades, the Rhometal of production different Ni contents also can obtain the byproducts such as high heating value gas and slag simultaneously.
The present invention be take red soil nickel ore as main raw material, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, flux and water, fully mix by ball press compacting balling-up, sending into the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace after oven dry is smelted, finally obtain nickel-containing molten iron, high heating value gas and slag, the nickel-containing molten iron founding becomes ingot, obtains Rhometal, and high heating value gas and slag can be circulated and utilize.Technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) red soil nickel ore is carried out to drying, remove the free water in mineral, levigate to designated size (being less than 10 orders), send into the red soil nickel ore batch bin;
(2) allocate 5～10% reductive agent (hard coal, coke powder), 0～20% flux (unslaked lime, Wingdale) and 5～15% water in red soil nickel ore into, fully mix by pair roller ball press or vibration ball-pressing machine briquetting, standby after drying.The alternative sintering circuit of this operation, reduce and pollute, and reduces energy consumption;
(3) raw materials for metallurgy such as red soil nickel ore pelletizing, coke, flux are sent to the shaft furnace furnace top bin by rotary conveyor, by producting proportion, add shaft furnace, carry out pyrotic smelting.
More than 900 ℃, be the shaft furnace upper area, furnace charge is heated gradually in this zone, completes decomposition and the crystallization evaporation of water of the materials such as carbonate, the part metals oxide compound is reduced simultaneously, and mainly take indirect reduction as main, but because temperature of reaction is low and the reaction times is short, reducing degree a little less than;
900～1300 ℃ of middle parts that are shaft furnace, this stage can be realized the fast restore of the oxide compounds such as iron, nickel, furnace charge starts melting.By controlling the mixed carbon comtent in pelletizing, can realize the selective reduction of pelletizing, the poor stability of nickel oxide, but Restore All basically, with the form of metallic nickel, exist, and ferriferous oxide partly is reduced, and with the form of metallic iron and iron protoxide, exists.
More than 1300 ℃, be the bottom of melting furnace, in this stage, the furnace charge reduced, through red-hot coke, forms slag and molten iron, and nickel enters in molten iron, and the FeO be not reduced enters the slag phase.
(4) shaft furnace bottom coke burning, emit heat, produce the reductibility furnace gas of high temperature, furnace charge contacts with red-hot coke and high-temperature furnace gas, carry out fierce heat exchange, complete the metallurgical process such as preheating, reduction, fusing, the separation of slag iron of red soil nickel ore pelletizing, finally generate nickel-containing molten iron, slag and high heating value gas.
Due to the economic worth of nickel far above iron, therefore, in the smelting process of red soil nickel ore, we wish nickel be reduced as much as possible more, and iron is reduced as much as possible less, thus the grade of nickel in the raising ferronickel, and seldom king Industry Group Co.,Ltd adopts the method for low temperature smelting, smelting temperature is about 1260 ℃～1380 ℃, nickel preferentially is reduced in reduction zone, and iron partly is reduced, thereby improves the nickel content in ferronickel.What the present invention adopted is the low carbon of joining, high furnace temperature, high efficiency smelting mode, the mixed carbon comtent of red soil nickel ore pelletizing only needs to meet the reduction of nickel and part iron, be provided with air port in the shaft furnace bottom, and outfit hotblast stove, (700～1000 ℃ of the hot blast temperatures of oxygen-enriched hot air during smelting, oxygen enrichment percentage 1～10%) by air port, be blown in stove, make top temperature in stove can arrive 2000 ℃, greatly accelerated the smelting process of red soil nickel ore pelletizing in stove, shorten the recovery time, the nickel major part is reduced, iron partly is reduced, finally realize the selective reduction of red soil nickel ore pelletizing, improve the nickel grade in ferronickel.
Nickel-containing molten iron and slag adopt the mode of siphon to discharge out of the furnace, this technique is similar to U-shaped pipe principle, and iron liquid and slag can be discharged by this device always outside stove, and the benefit of this technique is to reduce the residence time of slag in shaft furnace, reduce the reduction of FeO in slag, improve the nickel grade of molten iron.Nickel-containing molten iron becomes ingot through founding, and nickel content is 6～15%; Slag adopts granulating device to process, slag water quenching, fragmentation that slag notch is flowed out, and the basicity of slag is about 0.9～1.0, can be used as material of construction or further comprehensive utilization.
Coal gas its sensible heat after purifying and dedusting can be used to preheating heat wind furnace combustion air and dries moist red soil nickel ore, and coal gas can be used as the geseous fuel of hot-blast stove gas burner simultaneously, takes full advantage of physical thermal and the chemical heat of coal gas.
In order to solve the smoke contamination problem of smelting laterite-nickel ores process, rare king Industry Group Co.,Ltd has invented wet bulb and has entered the stove smelting operation, and wet bulb can filtering smoke in the cloth district of smelting furnace, thereby reduces the smoke content in flue gas.The below of shaft furnace top feed bin involved in the present invention is provided with annular furnace gas collection chamber, flue gas is discharged from annular gas-collecting chamber, the pressure of top charging mouth is close to zero, in the Metal In Shaft Furnace process, can make furnace roof not have flue gas to diffuse, simultaneously, the flue gas of discharging enters dry method dust and wet method dedusting system, obtains dry gas cleaning ash, wet type mud and coal gas, and dry gas cleaning ash, wet type mud and coal gas can carry out recycle again.
Distinguishing feature of the present invention is that the utilization coefficient that utilizes the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace to process red soil nickel ore is very high, can reach 9t/ (m
3t), that the capacity factor of a blast furnace is more than 3 times, by controlling the mixed carbon comtent in the red soil nickel ore pelletizing, can realize selective reduction, nickel all is reduced basically, enters molten iron, and a ferriferous oxide part is reduced into molten iron, another part enters slag with the form of FeO, thereby can improve the nickel grade of molten iron.
The present invention has that production technique is simple, easy and simple to handle, adaptability to raw material is strong, the processing efficiency advantages of higher, can efficiently process different types of red soil nickel ore, produce Rhometal, can carry out to the high heating value gas produced in smelting process the utilization of physical thermal and chemical heat simultaneously, the slag produced also can carry out recycling, has economic benefit and the environmental benefit of highly significant.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for utilizing the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace to process laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior schema.
Embodiment
Technical process of the present invention is: red soil nickel ore oven dry → batching → pressure ball → shaft furnace charging → preheating → reduction → molten minute → slag iron separates, and the concrete technology flow process as shown in Figure 1.Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one:
The red soil nickel ore composition of selecting is Ni:1.30%, Fe:25%; Select pulverized anthracite as reductive agent, its fixed carbon content is about 80%, and ash content is about 12%, and volatile matter is about 8%; Select limestone powder as flux, its CaO content is about 52% left and right.Red soil nickel ore is added to drying machine drying, below crusher in crushing to 10 order, in red soil nickel ore: pulverized anthracite: flux: the ratio that water is about 100:6:20:17 adds pulverized anthracite, limestone powder and water, be not less than briquetting under the pressure of 20MPa after fully mixing, putting into stock ground after oven dry.
Red soil nickel ore pelletizing and coke after drying are added to shaft furnace, and air port, shaft furnace bottom is blown into oxygen-enriched hot air, and hot blast temperature is 700～1000 ℃, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1%～10%, makes the coke burning before air port, emits a large amount of heats, this zone is the highest place of shaft furnace temperature, and temperature can reach 2000 ℃.The high-temperature furnace gas that air port produces up contacts with furnace charge, carries out fierce heat exchange, provides red soil nickel ore preheating, reduction, fusing and slag iron to separate required heat, finally produces nickel-containing molten iron and slag, and nickel-containing molten iron is discharged out of the furnace by siphonic system, and founding becomes ingot.Shaft furnace partly mainly completes the preheating of red soil nickel ore pelletizing more than 900 ℃, 900～1300 ℃ of direct-reductions that mainly complete ferriferous oxide and nickel oxide in the red soil nickel ore pelletizing, the fusing that shaft furnace part below 1300 ℃ mainly completes the red soil nickel ore pelletizing separates with the slag gold, is about 1.5～2h whole tap to tap time.
In the Rhometal that this example obtains, nickel content is about 5.5～7%, and iron level is about 89～90.5%, and iron yield is about 60～80%, and the nickel recovery rate is greater than 90%.Gas composition is about CO:CO
2: N
2=40:5:54, contain a large amount of physical thermals and chemical heat in coal gas.
Embodiment two:
The red soil nickel ore composition of selecting is Ni:1.80%, Fe:20%; Select coke powder as reductive agent, its fixed carbon content is about 85%, and ash content is about 13%, and volatile matter is about 2%; Select limestone powder as flux, its CaO content is about 52% left and right.Red soil nickel ore is added to drying machine drying, below crusher in crushing to 10 order, in red soil nickel ore: coke powder: flux: the ratio that water is about 100:5:20:17 adds coke powder, Wingdale and water, after fully mixing, is being not less than briquetting under the pressure of 20MPa, puts into stock ground after oven dry.Add the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace to carry out melting in red soil nickel ore pelletizing and coke after drying, smelting process is similar to embodiment one.
In the Rhometal that this example obtains, nickel content is 7～12%, and iron level is 84～89%, and iron yield is 60～80%, and the nickel recovery rate is greater than 90%.Gas composition is about CO:CO
2: N
2=38:7:54.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is utilized the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace to process the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior, it is characterized in that take that red soil nickel ore is as main raw material, with addition of a certain amount of reductive agent, flux and water, fully mix by ball press compacting balling-up, send into the oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace after oven dry and smelted, finally obtain nickel-containing molten iron, high heating value gas and slag, the nickel-containing molten iron founding becomes ingot, obtain Rhometal, high heating value gas and slag are circulated and are utilized, and concrete technical scheme is:
(1) red soil nickel ore is carried out to drying, remove the free water in mineral, levigate 10 orders that are less than, send into the red soil nickel ore batch bin;
(2) allocate 5～10% reductive agent, 0～20% flux and 5～15% water in red soil nickel ore into, fully mix by pair roller ball press or vibration ball-pressing machine briquetting, standby after drying; Reductive agent is hard coal, coke powder, and flux is unslaked lime, Wingdale;
(3) red soil nickel ore pelletizing, coke, flux raw materials for metallurgy are sent to the shaft furnace furnace top bin by rotary conveyor, by producting proportion, add shaft furnace, carry out pyrotic smelting;
More than 900 ℃, be the shaft furnace upper area, furnace charge is heated gradually in this zone, completes decomposition and the crystallization evaporation of water of the materials such as carbonate, the part metals oxide compound is reduced simultaneously, and mainly take indirect reduction as main, but because temperature of reaction is low and the reaction times is short, reducing degree a little less than;
900～1300 ℃ of middle parts that are shaft furnace, this stage can be realized the fast restore of the oxide compounds such as iron, nickel, furnace charge starts melting; By controlling the mixed carbon comtent in pelletizing, can realize the selective reduction of pelletizing, the poor stability of nickel oxide, the nickel reduction ratio is greater than 90%, with the form of metallic nickel, exist, and ferriferous oxide partly is reduced, and with the form of metallic iron and iron protoxide, exists;
More than 1300 ℃, be the bottom of melting furnace, in this stage, the furnace charge reduced, through red-hot coke, forms slag and molten iron, and nickel enters in molten iron, and the FeO be not reduced enters the slag phase;
(4) shaft furnace bottom coke burning, emit heat, produce the reductibility furnace gas of high temperature, furnace charge contacts with red-hot coke and high-temperature furnace gas, carry out fierce heat exchange, the preheating, reduction, fusing, the slag iron that complete the red soil nickel ore pelletizing separate metallurgical process, finally generate nickel-containing molten iron, slag and high heating value gas.
2. a kind of oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace that utilizes is processed the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with air port in the shaft furnace bottom, and outfit hotblast stove, during smelting, oxygen-enriched hot air is blown in stove by air port, make top temperature in stove reach 2000 ℃, 700～1000 ℃ of oxygen-enriched hot air temperature, oxygen enrichment percentage 1～10%.
3. a kind of oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace that utilizes is processed the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior according to claim 1, it is characterized in that nickel-containing molten iron and slag adopt the mode of siphon to discharge out of the furnace, and nickel-containing molten iron becomes ingot through founding, and nickel content is 6～15%; Slag adopts granulating device to process, slag water quenching, fragmentation that slag notch is flowed out, and the basicity of slag is 0.9～1.0, as material of construction or further comprehensive utilization.
4. a kind of oxygen-enriched hot air shaft furnace that utilizes is processed the laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy prior according to claim 1, the below that it is characterized in that shaft furnace top feed bin is provided with annular furnace gas collection chamber, flue gas is discharged from annular gas-collecting chamber, the pressure of top charging mouth is close to zero, in the Metal In Shaft Furnace process, furnace roof does not have flue gas to diffuse, simultaneously, the flue gas of discharging enters dry method dust and wet method dedusting system, obtain dry gas cleaning ash, wet type mud and coal gas, dry gas cleaning ash, wet type mud and coal gas all carry out recycle again, take full advantage of physical thermal and the chemical heat of coal gas.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN105420515A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-03-23 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Process and device for melting laterite-nickel ore in oxygen-enriched reinforcement melting pool to obtain ferronickel |
| CN105420514A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 钱国庆 | Method and equipment for smelting ferronickel |
| CN105734429A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Method for preparing nickel-rich alloy |
| CN106088694A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Lateritic nickel ore raw material storage and lateritic nickel ore stock preparation system |
| CN106350725A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 广西盛隆冶金有限公司 | Method for producing ferro-nickel with nickel laterite ores |
| EP3162904A4 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2017-07-26 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for producing pellets and method for producing iron-nickel alloy |
| CN107385235A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Using the technique and its device of prereduction preheating kiln and bath smelting furnace smelting nickel-iron |
| CN107881349A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-06 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of based shaft kiln directly reduced technique of the coal of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN115558816A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-01-03 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Nickel-chromium alloy smelting method and system by utilizing sensible heat of flue gas and furnace slag of submerged arc furnace |
| CN116949282A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-10-27 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating laterite nickel ore leaching slag |
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| CN106088694B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-05-08 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Lateritic nickel ore raw material storage and lateritic nickel ore stock preparation system |
| CN106088694A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Lateritic nickel ore raw material storage and lateritic nickel ore stock preparation system |
| CN106350725A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 广西盛隆冶金有限公司 | Method for producing ferro-nickel with nickel laterite ores |
| CN107385235A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Using the technique and its device of prereduction preheating kiln and bath smelting furnace smelting nickel-iron |
| CN107881349A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-06 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of based shaft kiln directly reduced technique of the coal of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN115558816A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-01-03 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Nickel-chromium alloy smelting method and system by utilizing sensible heat of flue gas and furnace slag of submerged arc furnace |
| CN115558816B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-09-19 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Smelting method and system for nichrome by utilizing sensible heat of flue gas and slag of submerged arc furnace |
| CN116949282A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-10-27 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating laterite nickel ore leaching slag |
| CN116949282B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-02-13 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating laterite nickel ore leaching slag |
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Application publication date: 20131218 |