CN105420515B - Process and device for melting laterite-nickel ore in oxygen-enriched reinforcement melting pool to obtain ferronickel - Google Patents
Process and device for melting laterite-nickel ore in oxygen-enriched reinforcement melting pool to obtain ferronickel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105420515B CN105420515B CN201610014432.7A CN201610014432A CN105420515B CN 105420515 B CN105420515 B CN 105420515B CN 201610014432 A CN201610014432 A CN 201610014432A CN 105420515 B CN105420515 B CN 105420515B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process and a device for melting laterite-nickel ore in an oxygen-enriched reinforcement melting pool to obtain ferronickel. According to the process, the laterite-nickel ore is dried first; the dried laterite-nickel ore, a solvent and conny are subjected to burdening; the materials subjected to burdening are added into a melting pool melting furnace for melting, and oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen content of 85%-99% at the temperature between 600 DEG C and 800 DEG C is blown into melt in the furnace; the melt output from the melting pool melting furnace flows into a melting pool reduction furnace, a reducing agent is added, oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen content of 60%-85% at the temperature between 600 DEG C and 800 DEG C is blown into the melt in the furnace, the coefficient of excess of the oxygen-enriched air to the reducing agent is controlled between 0.4 and 0.5, and slag and a ferronickel alloy containing 15-30% of nickel are generated through a reaction of the melt. The process has the advantages that the flow is short, energy consumption is low, investment is saved, the nickel grade of the product is high, automatic control of the process can be achieved, and production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting process and its device with regard to non-ferrous metal nickel, more specifically a kind of using rich
The technique and its special CSC of oxygen reinforcing bath smelting laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy（Bath smelting furnace title）Melting is filled
Put.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of silvery white non-ferrous metal, with good mechanical performance, is had in national defence, aviation and daily life extensive
Application；Especially it is even more indispensable metal in fields such as production stainless steel and refractory steels.At present nickel is mainly nickeliferous from two kinds
Obtain in mineral, one is nickel sulfide ore, and another kind is lateritic nickel ore, wherein 60% metallic nickel comes from nickel sulfide ore.With sulfur
The reduction for changing nickel minerals is even exhausted, and development and utilization lateritic nickel ore is paid much attention to.
Processing the method for lateritic nickel ore at present can be divided into wet method and pyrogenic process, and wet method has pressurized acid leaching（HPLA）With reduction roasting
Burning --- ammonia soaks（RRAL）.Pyrometallurgical smelting method can be divided into ferronickel technique and nickel matte technique, and ferronickel technique is referred to and adopts air blast
Stove or electric furnace reduction melting obtain dilval, and nickel matte technique refers to additional vulcanizing agent, carry out making sulfonium and slag making in production process,
Obtain intermediate products low nickel matte.The further blowing of low nickel matte can obtain nickeliferous more than 75% converter mattes.The equipment of pyrometallurgical smelting
Mainly there are blast furnace, electric furnace, rotary kiln, blast furnace etc. to smelt the type of furnace.Using blasting smelting, material needs first to be sintered, to powder
Material bad adaptability, consumes substantial amounts of coke in production process, site environment is seriously polluted.Direct reduction process for rotary kiln, revolution
Kiln refractory material service life is shorter, and operating rate is low；Electro-smelting is a kind of cleaner smelting process, but electric furnace energy consumption
Height, installation load is big, for the area of power tense is difficult to carry out.Blast furnace process consumes a large amount of metallurgical cokes, dilval product
Nickeliferous grade is low.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that overcoming the existing technical disadvantages of non-ferrous metal nickel pyrometallurgical smelting, there is provided a kind of effectively to smelt laterite
Nickel minerals obtains the technique and its device of ferronickel, solves high energy consumption during current nickel pyrometallurgical smelting, and environmental pollution is serious, flow process
The problems such as length, material bad adaptability.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of technique that ferronickel is obtained using oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting lateritic nickel ore, bag
Include following steps：
1）Lateritic nickel ore is dried；
2）Dried lateritic nickel ore, flux and broken coal are carried out into dispensing；
3）The material for preparing is added to bath smelting melting furnace carries out melting, by oxygen-containing 85% ~ 99%（Volume）, temperature be
600 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C of oxygen-enriched air is blasted in stove in melt；
4）The melt of bath smelting melting furnace output flows into bath smelting reduction furnace by chute, adds reducing agent, will contain
Oxygen 60% ~ 85%（Volume）, temperature blast in stove in melt for 600 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C of oxygen-enriched air, control oxygen-enriched air is to reduction
The coefficient of excess of agent is 0.4 ~ 0.5, and fusant reaction generates nickeliferous 15 ~ 30%（Quality）Dilval and slag.
Further, lateritic nickel ore drying is to aqueous 12% ~ 15%（Quality）.Smelting slag type is CaO/SiO2=0.6~1.2
（Mass ratio）,（CaO+MgO）/ SiO2=1.1~1.4.Step 2）Lateritic nickel ore is 1 with the dispensing mass ratio of broken coal:（0.25~
0.35）.With pressure ball molding after honest material, a diameter of 15 ~ 30mm, bath smelting melting furnace is then added.The reducing agent is broken
Coal.
Further, oxygen-enriched air passes through bath smelting melting furnace or bath smelting reduction furnace both sides straight at 0 ~ 15 °
Tuyere blast.
Further, the oxygen-enriched air for blasting from bath smelting melting furnace both sides tuyere, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 220 ~
320m/s, oxygen-enriched air is 1.05 ~ 1.10 to the coefficient of excess of fuel, and smelting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, and material is in stove
The time of staying is not less than 1 hour.
Further, the oxygen-enriched air for blasting from bath smelting reduction furnace both sides tuyere, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 180 ~
280 m/s, oxygen-enriched air blasts the slag blanket of melt, and reduction melting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, melt in residing time in furnace not
Less than 45min.
Further, the oxygen-enriched sky of oxygen-containing 40% ~ 60% (volume) is blasted by the secondary tuyere on bath smelting reduction furnace
Gas, burner hearth top CO.
A kind of device that ferronickel is obtained using oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting lateritic nickel ore, the device is melted including bath smelting
The chute of stove, two stoves of bath smelting reduction furnace and connection；The restoration of lower stack of bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace
It is spliced by the copper cooling piece of 2 ~ 3 layers of edge brick, is stood on above cupola well；The stove of bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace
Body structure replaces to build by laying bricks or stones and forms using the copper cooling piece of flat board with masonry made by refractory material；Bath smelting melting furnace and
The shaft both sides of bath smelting reduction furnace are provided with the tuyere apparatus for being used for strong agitation molten bath no less than two, and tuyere is in level
0 ~ 15 ° of angle；Top layer edge brick copper cooling piece in bath smelting reduction furnace both sides is provided with no less than two secondary tuyeres, secondary wind
Mouth is from the horizontal by 12 ° ~ 30 ° angles.
Further, bath smelting melting furnace set location is higher than bath smelting reduction furnace, bath smelting melting furnace melt
Bath smelting reduction furnace is flow to by chute automatically.
Further, bath smelting melting furnace shaft both sides start to external expansion from the copper cooling piece of second layer edge brick, with
Vertical direction, to reduce air velocity, reduces dust rate into 7 ° ~ 10 ° extended corners.Bath smelting reduction furnace shaft both sides are from second
The copper cooling piece of layer edge brick starts to external expansion, in vertical direction with 7 ° ~ 15 ° extended corners, to meet second-time burning space requirement.
Further, bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace cross-sectional area ratio are 1.4 ~ 1.6:1.Most go up
Dilatation joint is provided between the copper cooling piece top of layer edge brick and upper shaft structure.The refractory surface of masonry forms flux shielding
Layer.Bath smelting fusing furnace bottom is provided with bath smelting melting furnace melt siphon, for continuous slagging.Bath smelting reduction furnace
Bottom end is provided with siphon room, and for continuous slagging and punching interruption dilval is put.
The present invention using oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy technique, with flow process is short, energy consumption
The nickeliferous grade of low, reduced investment, product is high, is capable of achieving automatic process control system, the features such as production efficiency is high.Specifically, this
Bright technique and its special CSC smelting apparatus have the characteristics that compared with prior art or advantage：
（1）Whole technical process is using coal as fuel and reducing agent, briquet replacing coke（Blast furnace or shaft smelting）Or electricity（Electricity
Stove melting）, using the oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting of high concentration of preheating, specific capacity is up to 110t/m2d；
（2）Melt temperature is uniform in stove in CSC reduction furnace reduction processes, and melting bath stirring is uniform, there is no electro-smelting mistake
Electrode band hot-spot area in journey, therefore a large amount of carborundums and chromium will not be produced, it is impure so as to obtain（Si、Cr、C）Low nickel
Ferrum, reduces refining cost, and by controlling oxygen-enriched air to the coefficient of excess of fuel the percent reduction of ferrum is controlled, nickeliferous so as to obtain
15% ~ 30% high-grade nickel ferroalloy；
（3）With CSC reduction kiln gas by waste heat boiler recovery waste heat, boiler institute producing steam is used for waste heat to CSC melting furnaces
Generate electricity, so as to reduce external power consumption；
（4）CSC melting furnaces are configured with CSC reduction furnaces height, and CSC melting furnaces melt automatically flows into CSC reduction by chute
Stove, reduces the workload brought that melt is had bad luck, and Automation of Manufacturing Process degree is high, labor intensity is low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention using oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy.
Fig. 2 is main process device connection diagram of the present invention or main equipment schematic layout pattern.
Wherein：1st, CSC melting furnaces；2nd, CSC reduction furnaces；3rd, CSC melting furnaces cupola well；4th, primary air nozzle；5th, shaft edge brick copper
Matter cooling piece；6th, the copper cooling piece of upper shaft flat board；7th, upper shaft masonry；8th, furnace roof flue；9th, CSC melting furnaces charging
Mouthful；10th, furnace roof molten steel set；11st, waste heat boiler；12nd, CSC melting furnaces melt siphon；13rd, CSC melting furnaces melt；14th, underflow
Outlet；15th, chute；16th, CSC reduction furnaces cupola well；17th, CSC reduction furnaces reducing agent adds entrance；18th, CSC reduction furnaces secondary wind
Mouthful；19th, CSC siphons room concurrent heating burner；20th, CSC reduction furnaces slag tap；21st, CSC reduction furnaces alloy discharge port；22nd, ferronickel is closed
Gold；23rd, reduced blast furnace.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2 the special CSC meltings dress of the melting laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy for a specific embodiment
Put, the device includes CSC melting furnaces 1, the chute 15 of two stoves of CSC reduction furnaces 2 and connection.It is preferred that CSC melting furnaces 1 are with CSC also
The cross-sectional area ratio of former stove 2 is 1.4 ~ 1.6:1.
CSC melting furnaces 1, CSC reduction furnaces 2 are fixed rectangle vertical structure, and the two cupola well, shaft and furnace roof have
Following identical structures：
1）Cupola well is formed using refractory material laying；
2）Restoration of lower stack is spliced by 2 ~ 3 layers of copper cooling piece 5 of shaft edge brick with high-termal conductivity.Shaft inlays brick
Copper cooling piece 5 is stood on above cupola well.Every piece of shaft is inlayed the copper cooling piece 5 of brick and is provided with no less than 1 active pull rod, shaft edge brick
Copper cooling piece 5 is connected by pull bar with steelframe（Arrange identical with ZL201120306096.6 accompanying drawings 2）.Shaft bottom is provided with one
Secondary air port 4；
3）Upper shaft structure is using the copper cooling piece 6 of upper shaft flat board and upper shaft masonry made by refractory material
7 alternately build by laying bricks or stones.Per two pieces of upper shaft flat boards, distance is preferably 300 ~ 500 mm, upper shaft flat board between copper cooling piece 6
The width of copper cooling piece 6 is preferably 380 ~ 460mm, and it reduces refractory material thermic load, and refractory surface forms 20 ~ 50mm's
Flux shielding layer, extends refractory material service life；
4）The dilatation joint of 40 ~ 80mm is provided between the copper top of cooling piece 5 of the superiors' shaft edge brick and upper shaft structure
As the gap that cupola well integrally expands upwards；
5）Furnace roof is spliced using the furnace roof molten steel set 10 that work surface pours into a mould 30 ~ 50mm castable refractories.Furnace roof is provided with
Charge door（CSC melting furnaces charge door 9, CSC reduction furnace reducing agents add entrance 17）And exhaust opening（Furnace roof flue 8）.
Additionally, CSC melting furnaces 1 and CSC reduction furnaces 2 each also have some special designs.
The depth of CSC melting furnaces cupola well 3 is preferably 300mm ~ 400mm.The shaft both sides of CSC melting furnaces 1 are from the second layer（From lower past
Upper number）The copper cooling piece 5 of shaft edge brick starts to external expansion, in vertical direction with 7 ° ~ 10 ° extended corners（In inverted trapezoidal shape）, with
Reduce air velocity, reduce dust rate.The bottom of CSC melting furnaces 1 is provided with slagging passage：CSC melting furnace melts siphon 12, is used for
Continuous slagging.
The shaft both sides of CSC melting furnaces 1（On the copper cooling piece 5 of bottom shaft edge brick）To be provided be used for no less than two and stir strongly
Mix the tuyere apparatus in molten bath（It is preferred that using the tuyere apparatus of ZL200920066397.9 specific embodiments part）.Tuyere apparatus
Highly preferred for 500mm ~ 600mm away from furnace bottom, tuyere is in 0 ~ 15 ° of angle with level.
The depth of CSC reduction furnaces cupola well 16 is preferably 400mm ~ 800mm.Inlay from the second layer shaft shaft both sides of CSC reduction furnaces 2
The copper cooling piece 5 of brick starts to external expansion, in vertical direction with 7 ° ~ 15 ° extended corners（In inverted trapezoidal shape）, to meet second-time burning
Space requirement.The bottom end of CSC reduction furnaces 2 is provided with siphon room, and for continuous slagging and punching interruption dilval is put.Siphon room
Cross-sectional area is preferably 0.4 ~ 0.6 times of the cross-sectional area of CSC reduction furnaces 2, and the slag after reduction is in the further sedimentation point of siphon room
From ensureing waste level.Siphon ceiling portion is provided with feeler lever hole and for concurrent heating and the pure oxygen burner of blow-on baker：CSC siphons room
Concurrent heating burner 19.
The shaft both sides of CSC reduction furnaces 2（On the copper cooling piece 5 of bottom shaft edge brick）To be provided be used for no less than two and stir strongly
Mix the tuyere apparatus in molten bath（It is preferred that adopting ZL200920066397.9）, tuyere apparatus are highly 600mm ~ 1000mm away from furnace bottom,
Tuyere is in 0 ~ 15 ° of angle with level.The both sides second of CSC reduction furnaces 2 or third layer（Count from the bottom up）The copper cooling of shaft edge brick
Part 5 is provided with no less than two CSC reduction furnaces overfiren air ports 18, equipped with secondary tuyere, secondary tuyere from the horizontal by 12 ° ~
30 ° of angles, secondary wind burner hearth top CO, partial heat returns to molten bath.
CSC melting furnaces waste heat boiler above exhaust opening and CSC afterheat of reducing furnace boilers arrangement in 90 °.
CSC melting furnaces 1 take height from stream configuration with CSC reduction furnaces 2, and CSC melting furnaces melt 13 is automatic by chute 15
CSC reduction furnaces 2 are flow to, live cinder ladle is saved and is had bad luck.Chute 15 preferably adopts ZL201120161981.X specific embodiments institute
State chute device for molten slag of non-ferrous metallurgical furnace.
As shown in figure 1, being the technological process that the present invention adopts oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel alloy
Figure, specifically includes following steps：
（1）Lateritic nickel ore is added into exsiccator drying to aqueous 12% ~ 15%.Laterite is aqueous too low to cause dust rate
Height, dispensing scene airborne dust is big, bad environments, therefore it is required that control water content.Exsiccator can select rotary drying kiln or stand
Formula exsiccator.
（2）By aqueous 12% ~ 15% lateritic nickel ore, flux, fine coal（Anthracite）Dispensing in proportion, the material pressure ball for preparing
Molding.Specifically, the amount of allocating of Calx or limestone is determined according to lateritic nickel ore composition, smelting slag type is CaO/SiO2=0.6~
1.2（Weight ratio）,（CaO+MgO）/ SiO2=1.1~1.4.Lateritic nickel ore and anthracitic ingredients by weight ratio preferably 1:0.25:
~1:0.35.The diameter of compound pressure ball is preferably 15 ~ 30 mm.
（3）The ball for pressing molding is continuously added to enter to CSC melting furnaces 1 by measuring belt from CSC melting furnaces charge door 9
Row fusing, be preheated to 600 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C, oxygen-containing 85% ~ 99%（Volume）Oxygen-enriched air by CSC stoves both sides straight at 0 ~
15 ° of tuyere is blasted in stove in melt.From the preheating oxygen-enriched air that the both sides tuyere of CSC melting furnaces 1 is blasted, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet
Preferably 220 ~ 320m/s, air port pressure be 0.1Mpa ~ 0.15Mpa, coefficient of excess of the oxygen-enriched air to fuel（Actual combustion is empty
Tolerance/theoretical combustion air）For 1.05 ~ 1.10, smelting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, material in residing time in furnace not
Less than 1 hour.
The purpose of CSC melting furnaces 1 is fusing lateritic nickel ore and flux, and material is quick under oxygen-enriched air and strong agitation effect
Fusing, oxygen-enriched air ensure that full combustion of fuel to the coefficient of excess of fuel for 1.05 ~ 1.10.
（4）The melt that CSC melting furnaces 1 are generated continuously flows into CSC reduction furnaces 2 by chute 15, is preheated to 600 DEG C ~ 800
DEG C, oxygen-containing 60% ~ 85% oxygen-enriched air the slag of melt in stove is blasted straight at 0 ~ 15 ° of tuyere by CSC reduction furnaces both sides
Layer.Broken coal（As reducing agent and fuel）Entrance 17 is added to be continuously added in stove from CSC reduction furnace reducing agents by measuring belt.From
The preheating oxygen-enriched air that the both sides tuyere of CSC reduction furnaces 2 is blasted, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is preferably 180 ~ 280 m/s, air port pressure
For 0.08Mpa ~ 0.12Mpa, reduction melting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, coefficient of excess of the oxygen to reducing agent in CSC reduction furnaces
（It is actually needed air capacity/theoretical demand air capacity）For 0.4 ~ 0.5, C is burnt to CO, the nickel in CO melt reductions in the melt
Ferrum, part CO burns to CO on melt top2.Melt in CSC reduction furnaces is not less than 45min in residing time in furnace.
The purpose of CSC reduction furnaces 2 is reduction liquid lateritic nickel ore melt production dilval.Control oxygen-enriched air is to fuel
Coefficient of excess is 0.4 ~ 0.5, it is ensured that the percent reduction of strong reducing property atmosphere and ferrum in stove, generates nickeliferous 15% ~ 30% dilval.
By being located at the CSC reduction furnace alloys discharge port 21 of siphon room bottom, periodically punching interruption releases ingot casting to dilval, and slag leads to
Cross siphon room and continuously release water quenching.
（5）Upper furnace space flue gas contains a large amount of CO gases in the production process of CSC reduction furnaces 2, for the CO gases that burn,
Oxygen-containing 40% ~ 60% oxygen-enriched air is blasted by the secondary tuyere in CSC reduction furnaces surrounding second or the copper cooling piece of third layer,
CO calory burnings part returns to molten bath.
（6）CSC melting furnaces 1, CSC reduction furnaces 2 produce temperature for 1350 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C high-temperature flue gas Jing waste heat boilers 11 times
Waste heat is received, flue gas enters bagroom after the cooling of waste heat boiler 11, and boiler and bagroom reclaim flue dust return
Dispensing, 11 producing steams of waste heat boiler are used to generate electricity.
Above-mentioned technique is specifically described below by way of specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Step（1）~（6）It is identical with said method part, difference is only listed below：
（1）Lateritic nickel ore drying is to aqueous 12%；
（2）Smelting slag type is CaO/SiO2=0.6,（CaO+MgO）/ SiO2=1.1；Lateritic nickel ore and anthracitic charge ratio
Rate is 1:0.25, a diameter of 15mm of compound pressure ball；
（3）It is preheated to the tuyere of 600 DEG C oxygen-containing 85% of oxygen-enriched air by CSC melting furnaces both sides straight at 0 ° to blast
In stove in melt, oxygen-enriched air is 1.05 to the coefficient of excess of fuel, and smelting temperature is 1450 DEG C, and material is in residing time in furnace
1 hour；
（4）It is preheated to the tuyere of 600 DEG C oxygen-containing 60% of oxygen-enriched air by CSC reduction furnaces both sides straight at 0 ° to blast
Slag blanket in stove, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 180m/s, and reduction melting temperature is 1450 DEG C, and oxygen is to reducing agent in CSC reduction furnaces
Coefficient of excess is 0.4, and melt reacts the dilval and waste for generating nickeliferous 30% under strongly reducing atmosphere；
（5）Oxygen-containing 40% oxygen-enriched sky is blasted by the secondary tuyere on the copper cooling piece of the CSC reduction furnace surrounding second layers
Gas；
（6）CSC melting furnaces, CSC reduction furnaces produce temperature and are respectively 1450 DEG C, 1550 DEG C of high-temperature flue gas Jing waste heat boilers
Recovery waste heat, waste heat boiler produces 4.2Mpa steam for generating electricity.
Embodiment 2
Except the oxygen-enriched air for preheating blasts melt in stove with level by CSC melting furnaces and CSC reduction furnaces in 15 ° of angles
In, 1550 DEG C of fusion temperature, 1500 DEG C of reduction temperature melts 1450 DEG C of flue-gas temperature, and 1550 DEG C of flue-gas temperature of reduction is outer, remaining
It is same as Example 1.Obtain nickeliferous 25% dilval.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is：
Aqueous 15% lateritic nickel ore, flux, fine coal dispensing in proportion, wherein smelting slag type are CaO/SiO2=0.8,（CaO
+MgO）/ SiO2=1.2, lateritic nickel ore and anthracitic dispensing ratio are 1:0.30；A diameter of 25mm of compound pressure ball；In advance
Tuyere of the oxygen-enriched air of heat to 800 DEG C oxygen-containing 95% by CSC stoves both sides straight at 15 ° is blasted in stove in melt, oxygen-enriched sky
Atmospheric pressure is 0.1Mpa, and oxygen-enriched air is 1.1 to the coefficient of excess of fuel, 1500 DEG C of fusion temperature.Nickeliferous 28% ferronickel is closed
Gold.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is：
It is preheated to the tuyere of 800 DEG C oxygen-containing 80% of oxygen-enriched air by CSC reduction furnaces both sides straight at 15 ° and blasts stove
Interior slag blanket, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 220m/s, and reduction melting temperature is 1550 DEG C, mistake of the oxygen to reducing agent in CSC reduction furnaces
Surplus coefficient is 0.5, and melt reacts the dilval and waste for generating nickeliferous 20% under strongly reducing atmosphere.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of to strengthen the technique that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, it is characterised in that to comprise the following steps：
1）Lateritic nickel ore is dried；
2）Dried lateritic nickel ore, flux and broken coal are carried out into dispensing；
3）The material for preparing is added to bath smelting melting furnace carries out melting, by oxygen-containing 85% ~ 99%（Volume）, temperature be 600
DEG C ~ 800 DEG C of oxygen-enriched air blasted in stove in melt；
4）The melt of bath smelting melting furnace output flows into bath smelting reduction furnace by chute, reducing agent is added, by oxygen-containing 60%
~85%（Volume）, temperature blast in stove in melt for 600 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C of oxygen-enriched air, control mistake of the oxygen-enriched air to reducing agent
Surplus coefficient is 0.4 ~ 0.5, and fusant reaction generates nickeliferous 15 ~ 30%（Quality）Dilval and slag.
2. according to claim 1 to strengthen the technique that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
In lateritic nickel ore drying to aqueous 12% ~ 15%（Quality）；Smelting slag type is CaO/SiO2=0.6~1.2（Mass ratio）,（CaO+
MgO）/ SiO2=1.1~1.4；Step 2）Lateritic nickel ore is 1 with the dispensing mass ratio of broken coal:（0.25~0.35）；Press with after honest material
Then ball forming, a diameter of 15 ~ 30mm adds bath smelting melting furnace；The reducing agent is broken coal.
3. according to claim 1 to strengthen the technique that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
Tuyere in oxygen-enriched air by bath smelting melting furnace or bath smelting reduction furnace both sides straight at 0 ~ 15 ° is blasted.
4. according to claim 3 to strengthen the technique that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
In the oxygen-enriched air blasted from bath smelting melting furnace both sides tuyere, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 220 ~ 320m/s, oxygen-enriched air
It is 1.05 ~ 1.10 to the coefficient of excess of fuel, smelting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, and material is not less than 1 in residing time in furnace
Hour.
5. the oxygen-enriched reinforcing bath smelting lateritic nickel ore of employing according to claim 3 or 4 obtains the technique of ferronickel, its feature
It is the oxygen-enriched air blasted from bath smelting reduction furnace both sides tuyere, the wind speed of wind nozzle outlet is 180 ~ 280 m/s, oxygen-enriched sky
Tympanites enters the slag blanket of melt, and reduction melting temperature is 1450 ~ 1650 DEG C, and melt is not less than 45min in residing time in furnace.
6. according to claim 1 to strengthen the technique that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
Secondary tuyere on by bath smelting reduction furnace blasts the oxygen-enriched air of oxygen-containing 40% ~ 60% (volume), burner hearth top
CO。
7. it is a kind of to strengthen the device that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, it is characterised in that the device includes molten bath
The chute of melting melting furnace, two stoves of bath smelting reduction furnace and connection；
The restoration of lower stack of bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace is spliced by the copper cooling piece of 2 ~ 3 layers of edge brick, is stood
Above cupola well；
The upper shaft structure of bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace is using the copper cooling piece of flat board and refractory material
Made by masonry alternately build by laying bricks or stones and form；
The shaft both sides of bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace are provided with and be used for strong agitation molten bath no less than two
Tuyere apparatus, tuyere is in 0 ~ 15 ° of angle with level；
Top layer edge brick copper cooling piece in bath smelting reduction furnace both sides is provided with no less than two secondary tuyeres, secondary tuyere and water
Square to into 12 ° ~ 30 ° angles.
8. according to claim 7 to strengthen the device that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
It is higher than bath smelting reduction furnace in bath smelting melting furnace set location, bath smelting melting furnace melt is flow to automatically by chute
Bath smelting reduction furnace.
9. according to claim 7 to strengthen the device that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
Start to external expansion from the copper cooling piece of second layer edge brick in bath smelting melting furnace shaft both sides, in vertical direction with 7 ° ~ 10 °
Extended corner, to reduce air velocity, reduces dust rate；Bath smelting reduction furnace shaft both sides are from the copper cooling piece of second layer edge brick
Start to external expansion, in vertical direction with 7 ° ~ 15 ° extended corners, to meet second-time burning space requirement.
10. according to claim 7 to strengthen the device that bath smelting lateritic nickel ore obtains ferronickel using oxygen-enriched, its feature exists
In bath smelting melting furnace and bath smelting reduction furnace cross-sectional area ratio be 1.4 ~ 1.6:1；The copper cooling of the superiors' edge brick
Dilatation joint is provided between part top and upper shaft structure；The refractory surface of masonry forms flux shielding layer；Bath smelting melts
Change furnace bottom and be provided with bath smelting melting furnace melt siphon, for continuous slagging；Bath smelting reduction furnace bottom end is provided with
Siphon room, for continuous slagging and punching interruption dilval is put.
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| CN114318006A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-12 | 扬州一川镍业有限公司 | Smelting device and method for smelting ferronickel by using nickel oxide ore |
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| CN101358296A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2009-02-04 | 朝阳昊天有色金属有限公司 | Method for preparing high nickel matte |
| CN102492843A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Production method through combined treatment of laterite by direct current electric furnace |
| CN103451451A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-18 | 北京科技大学 | Ferro-nickel alloy production technology with laterite nickel ore processed through oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace |
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| CN101358296A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2009-02-04 | 朝阳昊天有色金属有限公司 | Method for preparing high nickel matte |
| CN102492843A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Production method through combined treatment of laterite by direct current electric furnace |
| CN103451451A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-18 | 北京科技大学 | Ferro-nickel alloy production technology with laterite nickel ore processed through oxygen enrichment hot air shaft furnace |
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