CN103146913A - Method for treating iron-containing dust of iron and steel plant by using cupola furnace - Google Patents
Method for treating iron-containing dust of iron and steel plant by using cupola furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103146913A CN103146913A CN2013101122069A CN201310112206A CN103146913A CN 103146913 A CN103146913 A CN 103146913A CN 2013101122069 A CN2013101122069 A CN 2013101122069A CN 201310112206 A CN201310112206 A CN 201310112206A CN 103146913 A CN103146913 A CN 103146913A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating iron-containing dust in an iron and steel plant by using a cupola furnace, belonging to the technical field of iron making. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: blending, uniformly mixing, briquetting and maintaining raw materials including dust in the iron and steel plant, a carbonaceous reducing agent, a bonder and an additive, and then putting the raw materials into the cupola furnace for iron making, wherein the carbon content of carbon-containing pellets prepared by briquetting raw materials of various iron-containing dust in the iron and steel plant is about 10%, the compressive strength of the maintained pellets is greater than 1000N per each pellet, and the pellets are distributed into the cupola furnace for iron making through a material distribution system; and preheating blast through a hot blast furnace, preheating the wind temperature from a normal temperature to about 500-1200 DEG C, and enriching oxygen by 1-5% in the blast to achieve the aims of improving the smelting strength, increasing the output and reducing the coke ratio. By adopting the method, the dust of the iron and steel plant can be recycled to achieve the aims of saving energy, reducing emission and reducing environmental pollution, so that the method has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cupola furnace and process the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant.Particularly can process and contain K, Na and the higher dust of Zn element.Concrete grammar is to make carbonaceous pelletizing with the various iron dust containings of Steel Plant and carbonaceous reducing agent, reduces in cupola furnace, fusing separates with slag iron and obtain liquid iron and the dust such as enrichment zinc, potassium and sodium.This technique not only can reclaim the ferro element in dust, but enrichment harmful element also becomes Fei Weibao, alleviates simultaneously the pollution to environment.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of Iron And Steel Industry, the iron dust containing amount that Steel Plant produce is all increasing year by year.These iron dust containing kinds are more, mainly come from the systems such as sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace, converter and electric furnace.The general granularity of these dust is tiny, contains a large amount of iron and carbon, is a kind of resource of worth recovery.But due to harmful elements such as the Zn that contains high level in Dust of Iron And Steel Works, K and Na, if be directly used in agglomeration, returning to blast furnace uses, will cause the enrichment of harmful element in blast furnace, have a strong impact on production and the life-span of blast furnace, therefore need to seek a kind of effective technique removes to recycle iron-containing dusts in steel plant.
When the technique of pre-treatment iron-containing dusts in steel plant roughly is divided three classes: Physical, wet method and pyrogenic process.Front two kinds of methods have respectively the low and severe operational environment of iron recovery, the shortcomings such as complex process.The pyrogenic attack Dust of Iron And Steel Works is the most ripe, and be used widely, its ultimate principle is to utilize the harmful elements such as potassium, sodium, zinc and lead at high temperature to be reduced rear formation steam raising and to enter coal gas, after being oxidized to corresponding oxide compound, cold zone enters dust, and be collected in dust-removal system, finally reach the purpose of enrichment harmful element.At present the technique of comparative maturity is to process dust with rotary hearth furnace and rotary kiln, the product that the obtains dust of harmful element that has been prereduced burden and enrichment.But direct-reduction technique has the sponge iron that investment is large, efficient is low, cost is high and obtain also to need to carry out the shortcomings such as melt processed again.
At present, cupola furnace usually is used to molten pig iron, steel scrap or iron alloy at home, is to utilize in cupola furnace the chemical energy of coke burning to be converted into heat energy to melt iron-containing charge.Utilize cupola furnace smelting dust carbonaceous pelletizing different from molten pig iron, also need additionally to consume coke and reduce part ferriferous oxide in dust, energy expenditure is larger.Usually the wind-warm syndrome of air blast is lower in the cupola furnace, is all normal temperature mostly, and air blast is brought into the less calories in stove, and coke ratio is high, in order to reduce to greatest extent coke consumption, increase blast temperature that can be suitable.After cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing is put into cupola furnace ironmaking, if will improve to greatest extent output, reduce the stock column resistance and damage, oxygen enrichment is a kind of effective means in the air blast.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing cupola furnace oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment percentage 1%～5%) drum hot blast (500 ℃～1200 ℃ of wind-warm syndrome temperature) to smelt cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing.
The inventive method is for the comprehensive reutilization Dust of Iron And Steel Works, solve iron-containing dusts in steel plant and recycle the problem that runs into, to make carbonaceous pelletizing with iron dust containing and the carbonaceous reducing agent of Steel Plant particularly, reduce in cupola furnace, fusing separates with slag iron, the dust of harmful element that obtained liquid molten iron and enrichment.The method mainly prepares carbonaceous pelletizing technique by dust and the high wind-warm syndrome smelting dust of the high oxygen enrichment of cupola furnace carbonaceous pelletizing technique two portions form, solved carbonaceous pelletizing intensity low, enter the easy explosion of pelletizing after stove, the cupola furnace energy consumption is high, yield poorly and the problem such as the difficult enrichment of harmful element, and its concrete technology method is as follows:
(1) dust carbonaceous pelletizing preparation technology's composition proportion is iron dust containing: reductive agent powder: mineral binder bond: organic binder bond=100:10 ~ 20:6 ~ 12:0.5～2, wherein, iron dust containing refers to that iron-holder is at the Dust of Iron And Steel Works more than 20%, the reductive agent powder refers to hard coal, bituminous coal, coke powder or other carbonaceous materials of granularity＜1mm, and binding agent refers to that granularity-200 order accounts for cement and the Xylo-Mucine more than 80%.After various materials are prepared in proportion, carry out pressure ball after adding the moisture mixing, water quantity is 10 ~ 15%.Natural curing is stand-by after 7～10 days.
(2) with 100% dust carbonaceous pelletizing as iron-smelting raw material, coke acts as a fuel, and is distributed in cupola furnace from furnace roof together.
(3) the cupola furnace blast temperature is preheating to 500～1200 ℃, and in the air blast oxygen enrichment, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1～5%.Can improve air blast and bring the interior heat of cupola furnace into, reduce the needed air quantity of coke burning, can play the reduction solid fuel consumption, reduce coke ratio, improve cupola furnace combustion intensity and the effect that increases output.
(4) take the dust carbonaceous pelletizing as iron-smelting raw material, adopt the ironmaking of cupola furnace oxygen enriched blast, comprise that preheating, prereduction, reduction and slag iron separate four-stage.The preheating section temperature is 200 ~ 850 ℃, and the moisture within this stage in the dust carbonaceous pelletizing all evaporates, and can not enter follow-up phase generation water-gas reaction and lose coke; The temperature of prereduction section is 850 ~ 1100 ℃, begin ferriferous oxide in reducting pellet at the carbon of this stage pelletizing inside and the CO in coal gas, but be subjected to the impact of temperature of reaction, the degree of metalization of this stage pelletizing is lower, simultaneously, binding agent in pelletizing will lose efficacy in this stage, but generate the metallic iron of certain content due to reduction, and the amplitude that makes pellet strength reduce is little; 1100 ~ 1400 ℃ is the reduction phase of pelletizing, and most of ferriferous oxide will be reduced into metallic iron in this section, and degree of metalization can reach more than 98%; Be slag iron separation phase more than 1400 ℃, in this stage, the metallic iron that reduction generates begins mutually to melt gradually with slag and separates, and finally forms molten iron and slag.The smelting cycle of this complete process is about 4～6h.
(5) harmful elements such as potassium, sodium and zinc in the dust carbonaceous pelletizing are reduced in cupola furnace, gasifying enters coal gas, and when coal gas during through coal gas dust collector, the harmful elements such as potassium, sodium and zinc are again oxidized and collected by cleaning apparatus.The metallurgical performance characteristics of dust carbonaceous pelletizing are as follows:
This technological advantage is as follows:
(1) the dust carbonaceous pelletizing is compared with the ordinary oxygen pellet, has the advantages such as technical process is short, energy consumption is low, investment is little, production cost is low, Dust of Iron And Steel Works can be focused on.
(2) dust carbonaceous pelletizing dry bulb ultimate compression strength is between 1000～1800N/, and along with carbon content in pelletizing increases, pellet strength reduces.
(3) the dust carbonaceous pelletizing is in the binding agent maintenance intensity of the inner section of cupola furnace pre-heating stage, and in the prereduction stage, in pelletizing, the part ferriferous oxide is reduced into metallic iron, has formed the metal iron-clad and has kept pellet strength.
(4) in cupola furnace smelting dust carbonaceous pelletizing process, the carbon of carbonaceous pelletizing inside will participate in the dust reduction, but therefore decrease coke ratio.
The advantage of this technique is as follows:
(1) adopt cold fixed agglomeration process, avoided traditional sintering process, can reduce CO
2Discharging and energy consumption;
(2) be furnished with a certain proportion of carbon in the dust carbonaceous pelletizing, can play the dual function of heat-generating agent and reductive agent in pelletizing inside, can reduce coke ratio, improve reduction efficiency;
(3) preheating air blast in the cupola furnace operating process, be preheating to 500～1200 ℃ with wind-warm syndrome by normal temperature, improved air blast and brought the interior heat of stove into, reduced the consumption of coke.With 100 ℃ of the every raisings of wind-warm syndrome, ton iron is approximately saved coke 10-20Kg;
(4) due to oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment percentage is about 1～5%) in air blast, the air quantity that oxygen enrichment afterfire 1kg carbon consumes reduces, just can be in the situation that do not increase coal gas amount and the loss of stove inner ram, the carbon amount of increase unit time internal combustion, improve combustion intensity, reach the effect of volume increase;
(5) make coal gas of high temperature from shaft position derivation, improved the recovery rate of zinc, potassium and sodium, avoided coal gas of high temperature and cold-bonded carbonic pellet at the transmission of heat by convection of shaft, reduce the temperature of shaft lump zone, improve cold-bonded carbonic pellet in the intensity at shaft position, avoid making cold-bonded carbonic pellet produce efflorescence because temperature improves;
(6) can be in dedusting device for cupola furnace the harmful elements such as enrichment potassium, sodium and zinc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Will be from the dust (its composition sees Table 1) of steel works sintering operation, blast furnace operation and steel making working procedure, coal dust, cement clinker and Xylo-Mucine in proportion 100:15～20:6～12:0.5～2 mixings, wetting, make cold-bonded carbonic pellet, after natural curing 7～10 days, be distributed in cupola furnace by cloth system and smelt, produce molten iron (its composition sees Table 2).
The various iron dust containing chemical compositions of table 1 Steel Plant (%)
| Title | TFe | C | K | Na | Zn | Pb | R 2 |
| The blast furnace cloth bag ash | 15～30 | 10～30 | 0.20～5 | 0.1～1 | 0.5～5 | 0.1～1 | -- |
| The sintering machine head end ash | 15～30 | -- | 10～30 | 0.1～2 | 0.5～5 | 1～20 | 2～3 |
| The blast furnace gravitational dust | 15～30 | 10～30 | 0.1～1 | 0.1～1 | 0.5～2 | 0.1～1 | -- |
| Electric furnace dust | 50～60 | 0.5～2 | -- | -- | 0.5～10 | 0.1～1 | 2～3 |
The chemical composition (%) of the molten iron that table 2 cupola furnace is produced
| Title | C | Si | S | P |
| Content | 4.0～4.3 | 0.4～1.2 | 0.03～0.08 | 0.08～0.12 |
Embodiment 2:
Use 100% dust carbonaceous pelletizing as example with cupola furnace, the carbon content of supposing the dust carbonaceous pelletizing is 10%, and iron-holder is 45%, and in air blast rich 3% oxygen, preheating drum air temperature to 1000 ℃.Calculate through theory, can obtain the economic and technical norms that cupola furnace is processed dust carbonaceous pelletizing smelting technology, as follows.
Coke ratio: 400～600kg/tHM
Dust carbonaceous pelletizing coal: 200～300kg/tHM
Furnace top coal quantity: 2000 ~ 2300Nm
3/ tHM
Stock gas composition: CO:20 ~ 35%, CO
2: 10 ~ 25%, N
2: 40 ~ 50%, H
2: 2 ~ 5%
Theoretical combustion temperature: 2200 ~ 2400 ℃
Oxygen consumption: 60Nm
3
Claims (3)
1. a cupola furnace is processed the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, it is characterized in that:
Step 1, with iron-containing dusts in steel plant, reductive agent, mineral binder bond and organic binder bond mixer mixing, wherein the amount of allocating into of reductive agent is 10～20% of iron dust containing quality, the binding agent amount of allocating into is 6～12% of iron dust containing quality, and the organic additive amount of allocating into is 0.5～2% of iron dust containing quality; Add moisture, the total moisture that makes the compound that obtains is 10～15% of compound total mass, and compound is carried out briquetting, and natural curing 7～10 days obtains cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing, and its intensity is 1000～1800N/;
Oxygen enrichment in step 2, the hot blast that blasts in the cupola furnace, flow of oxygen is 20～50Nm
3/ tHM, oxygen enrichment percentage are 1～5%;
Step 3, utilize hotblast stove preheating air blast, the wind-warm syndrome of air blast is brought up to 500～1200 ℃ by normal temperature;
Step 4, cold-bonded carbonic dust pelletizing is dropped in cupola furnace, after 4～6 hours, obtain high temperature liquid iron, the K in dust, Na and Zn element obtain enrichment along with coal gas of high temperature flows into the coal gas treatment system in cleaning apparatus.
2. a kind of cupola furnace as claimed in claim 1 is processed the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, and it is characterized in that: described reductive agent is hard coal, bituminous coal, coke powder or other carbonaceous materials; Described mineral binder bond is cement, and described organic binder bond is Xylo-Mucine.
3. a kind of cupola furnace as claimed in claim 2 is processed the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, it is characterized in that: described reductive agent granularity＜1mm; The granularity of described mineral binder bond and organic binder bond accounts for more than 80% for-200 orders.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103468961A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for processing dust containing zinc and lead in steel plant through closed cupola furnace |
| CN103614562A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-05 | 北京科技大学 | Process method for processing solid waste of steelworks by utilizing smelting furnace |
| CN103740939A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-23 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Method for producing molten iron and recovering zinc by utilizing zinc-containing dust or sludge in steelworks |
| CN105154608A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-16 | 北京科技大学 | Method for treating mixture of marine placer and iron-carbon-containing dust of iron and steel plant through cupola |
| CN106661475A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-05-10 | 乐天精密化学株式会社 | Composition for forming electric arc furnace dust briquette, and electric arc furnace dust briquette |
| CN109942202A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 王浩 | A method of comprehensive utilization electric furnace ash produces rock wool board |
| CN112853020A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 广钢气体(广州)有限公司 | Water-cooled cupola furnace and smelting method using same |
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Cited By (11)
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| CN103468961A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for processing dust containing zinc and lead in steel plant through closed cupola furnace |
| CN103468961B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-01-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method |
| CN103614562A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-05 | 北京科技大学 | Process method for processing solid waste of steelworks by utilizing smelting furnace |
| CN103614562B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-08-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of melting furnace process Steel Plant solid waste processing method |
| CN103740939A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-23 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Method for producing molten iron and recovering zinc by utilizing zinc-containing dust or sludge in steelworks |
| CN106661475A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-05-10 | 乐天精密化学株式会社 | Composition for forming electric arc furnace dust briquette, and electric arc furnace dust briquette |
| CN106661475B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2020-04-21 | 乐天精密化学株式会社 | Composition for forming arc furnace steelmaking dust cake and arc furnace steelmaking dust cake |
| CN105154608A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-16 | 北京科技大学 | Method for treating mixture of marine placer and iron-carbon-containing dust of iron and steel plant through cupola |
| CN109942202A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 王浩 | A method of comprehensive utilization electric furnace ash produces rock wool board |
| CN109942202B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-12-14 | 马鞍山市弘信冶金材料有限公司 | Method for producing rock wool board by comprehensively utilizing electric furnace ash |
| CN112853020A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 广钢气体(广州)有限公司 | Water-cooled cupola furnace and smelting method using same |
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