CN104878147A - Method for making iron by smelting reduction - Google Patents
Method for making iron by smelting reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN104878147A CN104878147A CN201510302657.8A CN201510302657A CN104878147A CN 104878147 A CN104878147 A CN 104878147A CN 201510302657 A CN201510302657 A CN 201510302657A CN 104878147 A CN104878147 A CN 104878147A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for making iron by smelting reduction. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing raw materials: secondly, drying pellets; thirdly, prereducing: continuously adding carbon-containing pellets into a coal shaft furnace, introducing fuel into a combustion chamber of the coal shaft furnace, performing mixed combustion on the fuel and combustion-supporting air, supplying heat to a reduction chamber through a refractory furnace wall between the combustion chamber and the reduction chamber, and stably controlling the furnace temperature in the reduction chamber to be 1,000 to 1,150DEG C; fourthly, finally reducing: adding high-temperature metallized pellets which are prereduced in the coal shaft furnace into a smelting gasifier through a spiral discharger and a discharging pipe; meanwhile, adding lump coal and lime into the furnace, blowing oxygen into the furnace, performing reducing and melting separation on raw materials under the atmosphere of high temperature and high reduction atmosphere, and regularly discharging generated molten iron and furnace clinker from an iron notch and a clinker notch. According to the method disclosed by the invention, heat is supplied to the smelting gasifier by coal oxygen combustion without coke, and high reaction intensity, high reaction speed and high volumetric utilization efficiency are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iron smelting method, be specifically related to a kind of method for melting reduction iron making, belong to non-blast furnace ironmaking field.
Background technology
Since 20th century, blast fumance develops on an unprecedented scale, and furnace volume is also constantly expanding.Blast furnace ironmaking develops into today, consumes and declines, and cost reduces, and productivity almost reaches peak, for tremendous contribution is made in human civilization and Economic development, remains now the main force of Iron and Steel Production.In world's Iron And Steel Industry, conversion pig about 60% from blast furnace, and China is almost 100% from blast furnace ironmaking.But in modern industry is produced, blast furnace ironmaking is produced and but encountered new challenge, and these challenges are mostly from the development of blast furnace self, are mainly manifested in the following aspects.
(1) blast furnace virtual height is very high, requires very high to the metallurgical performance of furnace charge.From the stock yard before iron to sintering (or pelletizing) factory, coke-oven plant, then to system for blast furnace ironmaking, Production Flow Chart is very long, and gross investment is very huge.
(2) blast furnace ironmaking must use coke, but the resource of coking coal is fewer and feweri, and non-renewable.From the angle of long-range, this situation brings crisis will inevitably to the follow-up developments of blast furnace.The production of agglomerate, pellet and coke and these crude fuels can to air, water and environments in the process meeting blast fumance.More and more higher environmental requirement makes the development of blast furnace technology more and more be difficult to satisfy the demand.
(3) traditional blast furnace relies on indirect reduction excessively, indirect reduction degree about about 67%, namely in ore, the oxygen of about 2/3 is removed by indirect reduction, and therefore ferriferous oxide generally will stop for a long time in high furnace reduction and melting, and namely putting into blast furnace casting from furnace charge needs 6.5 ~ 7 hours.Although blast furnace have employed various strengthening smelting technology, it is very difficult that this dependence gas-solid reaction is that main melting technology wants to continue to boost productivity.
Blast furnace ironmaking Production Flow Chart runs into unique challenges, and various new Smelting Reduction Process and method continue to bring out.Melting and reducing refers to that in non-blast furnace ironmaking method, those smelt the technological process of liquid heat molten iron.Melting and reducing take mill coal as main energy sources, carries out reduction of ferrous oxide, realizes slag iron and be separated completely under high temperature fused state, obtains similar blast-melted carbon containing molten iron.The object of development melting and reducing mainly contain following some: environmental friendliness when (1) melting and reducing is produced, to the detrimentally affect of environment far below blast-furnace smelting; (2) change the energy structure of Iron and Steel Production, contribute to breaking away from the yoke that coking coal resource develops Iron and Steel Production; (3) blast furnace is made to break away from the restriction of cohesive zone and the constraint of its ventilation property; (4) problem that during solution direct-reduction, gangue is separated with reduced iron; (5) utilize the favorable factor such as total oxygen operation and whole reduction process energy density height, boost productivity further.
Single stage method melting and reducing furnace lining corrodes serious, and the energy of a large amount of heating gas is difficult to recycle, and energy consumption cost remains high.Since the seventies, the melting and reducing great majority of foreign study exploitation are two step methods, and so-called two step method is exactly reduce two stages eventually of the prereduction and molten state that reduction process is decomposed into solid state, and carries out in two reactors respectively.Two step method is to this change of blast furnace process, not only break away from the dependence to high-quality coke, open with the approach of mill coal ironmaking, and broken away from the restriction of blast furnace melting with soft, in addition using the favorable factor such as full handling oxygen and whole reduction process energy density height, creating favourable condition for boosting productivity further.
The development and Design of the present invention two-step approach ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of the coal-based shaft furnace+melting gasifier of a kind of novel muffle heating-type, can be used for production high-quality molten iron.
Summary of the invention
The key issue that the present invention will solve is: propose a kind of novel ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction for present ironmaking production present situation, this technique is the coal-based shaft furnace of muffle heating-type+melting gasifier two-step approach smelting reduction process, use carbonaceous pelletizing as raw material, use coal dust as reductive agent, break away from the dependence of traditional ironmaking flow process STRENGTH ON COKE, energy-conserving and environment-protective; The reduction zone of coal-based shaft furnace separates with combustion zone, and the reducing atmosphere of reduction indoor is controlled, can prevent the sponge iron secondary oxidation after reducing, produce high quality sponge iron; Melting gasifier is reducing atmosphere, and can avoid the secondary oxidation of reduzate, recovery rate of iron is high; The coal gas that melting gasifier produces introduces the combustion chamber combustion of coal-based shaft furnace after dedusting, for the reaction in coal-based shaft furnace provides heat; The metallized pellet hot charging of coal-based shaft furnace production enters melting gasifier, decreases power loss; Coal-based shaft furnace can control reduction rate by regulating blanking velocity, and the production cycle of melting gasifier can mate flexibly.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: use powdered iron ore and coal dust mixed pelletizing, it is indoor that carbonaceous pelletizing loads coal-based reduction shaft furnace after drying, to be heated generation autoreduction at the indoor carbonaceous pelletizing of reduction, ferriferous oxide is reduced by the carbon in pelletizing, and the metallized pellet hot charging of production is sent into melting gasifier melting and produced molten iron.Lime etc. needed for metallized pellet, lump coal, slag making adds from melting gasifier top, coal combustion is made to produce high temperature by oxygen blast, furnace charge experiences the processes such as further reduction, fusing, carburizing in melting gasifier, and generation molten iron and slag are regularly released from iron mouth and cinder notch.The high-temperature reducing gas generated in melting gasifier is introduced in coal-based shaft furnace combustion chamber and combustion air mixed firing after dedusting, provides heat for reducing indoor reduction reaction.
Concrete implementation step is:
A kind of method for melting reduction iron making, comprises the steps:
Step one, raw material prepare: by fine iron breeze and coal blending, with addition of the water accounting for mixture weight 5%, after on balling disc pelletizing, coal dust addition is determined by green-ball carbon-to-oxygen ratio 1:1, and carbonaceous pelletizing diameter is 10 to 30mm;
Step 2, pelletizing are dry: carried out by carbonaceous pelletizing uniformly dispersing being dried to moisture content below 1% on the drying grate of slow running;
Step 3, prereduction: dried carbonaceous pelletizing is added coal-based shaft furnace continuously, fuel passes in shaft furnace combustion chamber and combustion air mixed firing, by the refractory materials furnace wall between combustion chamber and reduction room to reducing room heat supply, the furnace temperature stability contorting of reduction indoor is at 1000 to 1150 DEG C;
Step 4, eventually reduction: join in melting gasifier through the hot metal pellet of prereduction by discharge with endless screw device, tremie pipe in coal-based shaft furnace, in stove, add lump coal, lime simultaneously, and to oxygen blast in stove, as fuel in the combustion chamber that the high temperature high heating value gas that the burning of coal oxygen produces introduces coal-based shaft furnace after tornado dust collector dedusting; There is reduction and divide with molten in raw material, the molten iron of generation and slag are regularly released from iron mouth and cinder notch under high temperature height reducing atmosphere.
Further scheme is: described carbonaceous pelletizing diameter is 20mm.
Further scheme is: the furnace temperature of described reduction indoor is 1100 DEG C.
In the present invention, carbon-to-oxygen ratio assignment carbon ratio is the ratio of the amount of substance (mol) of the oxygen in carbon and ferriferous oxide.
Principle of the present invention is: (1) carbonaceous pelletizing autoreduction technology: carbonaceous pelletizing heats under without extraneous reducing atmosphere condition, and the iuvenescence self occurred is called autoreduction.The autoreduction of carbonaceous pelletizing has the chemical reaction of series of complex, is the combined process of the gasification, direct-reduction, indirect reduction, heat transfer, mass transfer etc. comprising carbon.In an inert atmosphere, when temperature is greater than 900 DEG C, can there is autoreduction reaction in carbonaceous pelletizing inside, and have anti-CO
2the ability of oxidation.Due to iron ore and reductive agent mixing balling-up, in carbonaceous pelletizing, the reduction rate of ferriferous oxide is apparently higher than other pelletizing and ore.(2) reducing room is separated with combustion chamber, and reduce institute's heat requirement with radiative transfer and heat conducting mode for furnace charge provides, the indoor reducing atmosphere that reduces is controlled, is convenient to control in-furnace temperature simultaneously.(3) two-step approach smelting reduction technology: reduce and to be separated with a molten point process, broken away from the restriction of blast furnace iron-making process cohesive zone, capacity usage ratio is high.
Advantage of the present invention is: the mode of production that (1) innovates: the end of prereduction and molten state that reduction process is decomposed into solid state by this technique reduces two stages, and carries out respectively in two reactors.Pre-reduction stage completes in the coal-based shaft furnace of muffle heating-type, the high temperature reductive gas utilizing melting gasifier to produce does fuel, by Reduction of Pellet Containing Coal Char to certain degree of metalization, then complete fusing, final reduction by whole reduction phase and produce the task of molten iron.(2) melting gasifier does not need coke, and by coal oxygen combustion heat supplying, response intensity is large, and speed of response is fast, and volumetric efficiency is high.(3) adopt carbonaceous pelletizing autoreduction technology, use powdered iron ore and coal dust as pelletizing raw material, reacting dynamics condition is superior, and speed of response is fast, and degree of metalization is higher.(4) processing unit is compact, and the mass transport between prereduction section and whole reduction section uses hot-loading and hot-conveying technology.The hot metal pellet of coal-based shaft furnace production enters melting gasifier by discharge with endless screw device hot charging, and the high temperature reductive gas that melting gasifier melting produces passes into coal-based shaft furnace combustion chamber as fuel of heat supply, and heat is fully used.(5) in this technique, the reduction zone of coal-based shaft furnace separates with combustion zone, makes reduction furnace atmosphere controlled, prevents the sponge iron secondary oxidation after reducing, can produce high quality sponge iron.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but it should be noted that, specific embodiment should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method for melting reduction iron making, comprises the steps:
Step one, raw material prepare: by after fine iron breeze and coal blending on balling disc pelletizing, coal dust addition is determined by green-ball carbon-to-oxygen ratio 1:1, separately with addition of 5% water, carbonaceous pelletizing diameter is 20mm;
Step 2, pelletizing are dry: carried out by carbonaceous pelletizing uniformly dispersing being dried to moisture content below 1% on the drying grate of slow running;
Step 3, prereduction: carbonaceous pelletizing is added coal-based shaft furnace continuously, fuel passes in shaft furnace combustion chamber and combustion air mixed firing, by the refractory materials furnace wall between combustion chamber and reduction room to reducing room heat supply, the furnace temperature stability contorting of reduction indoor is at 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C, and optimum is 1100 DEG C;
Step 4, eventually reduction: join in melting gasifier through the hot metal pellet of prereduction by discharge with endless screw device, tremie pipe in coal-based shaft furnace, in stove, add lump coal, lime simultaneously, and to oxygen blast in stove, as fuel in the combustion chamber that the high temperature high heating value gas that the burning of coal oxygen produces introduces coal-based shaft furnace after tornado dust collector dedusting.There is reduction and divide with molten in raw material, the molten iron of generation and slag are regularly released from iron mouth and cinder notch under high temperature height reducing atmosphere.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a method for melting reduction iron making, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step one, raw material prepare: by fine iron breeze and coal blending, with addition of the water accounting for mixture weight 5%, after on balling disc pelletizing, coal dust addition is determined by green-ball carbon-to-oxygen ratio 1:1, and carbonaceous pelletizing diameter is 10 to 30mm;
Step 2, pelletizing are dry: carried out by carbonaceous pelletizing uniformly dispersing being dried to moisture content below 1% on the drying grate of slow running;
Step 3, prereduction: carbonaceous pelletizing is added coal-based shaft furnace continuously, fuel passes in shaft furnace combustion chamber and combustion air mixed firing, by the refractory materials furnace wall between combustion chamber and reduction room to reducing room heat supply, the furnace temperature stability contorting of reduction indoor is at 1000 to 1150 DEG C;
Step 4, eventually reduction: join in melting gasifier through the hot metal pellet of prereduction by discharge with endless screw device, tremie pipe in coal-based shaft furnace, in stove, add lump coal, lime simultaneously, and to oxygen blast in stove, as fuel in the combustion chamber that the high temperature high heating value gas that the burning of coal oxygen produces introduces coal-based shaft furnace after tornado dust collector dedusting; There is reduction and divide with molten in raw material, the molten iron of generation and slag are regularly released from iron mouth and cinder notch under high temperature height reducing atmosphere.
2. method for melting reduction iron making according to claim 1, is characterized in that described carbonaceous pelletizing diameter is 20mm.
3. method for melting reduction iron making according to claim 1, is characterized in that the furnace temperature of described reduction indoor is 1100 DEG C.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105039627A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆大学 | Coal-based direct reduction-melt separation furnace smelting reduction iron-making process using external heating mode |
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
| CN105441687A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Dust recycling process and system for iron and steel plant |
| CN105950810A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for producing molten steel continuously through microwave and induction heating of carbon-containing pellets |
| CN106868245A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of molten iron making processes of two-step method |
| CN107760809A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-06 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of ore smelting device and its smelting process |
| CN109628676A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-16 | 山西赛思普科技有限公司 | A kind of abbreviated system directly producing pure molten iron |
| CN109706333A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of manganeisen smelting device and technique |
| CN110016550A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-07-16 | 武汉桂坤科技有限公司 | A kind of low dirt Ferrous Metallurgy method |
| CN111424129A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-07-17 | 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 | Heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method |
| CN113005253A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 陈奕箕 | Method for producing molten iron by carbon-containing pellets |
| CN115216576A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-10-21 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Iron oxide direct reduction method based on fuel energy consumption control |
| CN115216572A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-10-21 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method and system for directly reducing iron oxide and application thereof |
| CN115449579A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-09 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Low-carbon smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
| CN115491453A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-20 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105039627A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆大学 | Coal-based direct reduction-melt separation furnace smelting reduction iron-making process using external heating mode |
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
| CN105441687A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-30 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Dust recycling process and system for iron and steel plant |
| CN105441687B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-12-07 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Dust of Iron And Steel Works recycles technique and system |
| CN105950810A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for producing molten steel continuously through microwave and induction heating of carbon-containing pellets |
| CN105950810B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of microwave and sensing heating carbonaceous pelletizing continuous production molten steel method |
| CN106868245A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of molten iron making processes of two-step method |
| CN106868245B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-08-16 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of molten iron making processes of two-step method |
| CN107760809A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-06 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of ore smelting device and its smelting process |
| CN110016550A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-07-16 | 武汉桂坤科技有限公司 | A kind of low dirt Ferrous Metallurgy method |
| CN109706333A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of manganeisen smelting device and technique |
| CN109628676A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-16 | 山西赛思普科技有限公司 | A kind of abbreviated system directly producing pure molten iron |
| CN111424129A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-07-17 | 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 | Heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method |
| CN111424129B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2023-09-12 | 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 | Heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method |
| CN113005253A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 陈奕箕 | Method for producing molten iron by carbon-containing pellets |
| CN115216572A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-10-21 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method and system for directly reducing iron oxide and application thereof |
| CN115216572B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-10-27 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method and system for directly reducing iron oxide and application thereof |
| CN115216576A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-10-21 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Iron oxide direct reduction method based on fuel energy consumption control |
| CN115449579A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-09 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Low-carbon smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
| CN115491453A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-20 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
| CN115449579B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-12-19 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Low-carbon smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
| CN115491453B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-12-19 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and device |
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