CN105385805A - Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device - Google Patents
Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105385805A CN105385805A CN201510719441.1A CN201510719441A CN105385805A CN 105385805 A CN105385805 A CN 105385805A CN 201510719441 A CN201510719441 A CN 201510719441A CN 105385805 A CN105385805 A CN 105385805A
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- combustion chamber
- reduction
- electric furnace
- furnace
- mini
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to steel-making technologies, and provides a short-process steel-making technology. A vertical furnace and an electric furnace are used for reducing iron core powder. The iron core powder and pulverized coal are firstly made into carbon-bearing pellets; the dried carbon-bearing pellets are put in reduction chambers of the vertical furnace; the reduction chambers are heated through a combustion chamber, so that a reduction reaction happens between iron oxide and carbon to generate metallized pellets; and the metallized pellets are put in the electric furnace to be prepared into molten steel. The invention further provides a short-process steel-making device. The short-process steel-making device comprises the vertical furnace and the electric furnace. The vertical furnace is provided with at least one combustion chamber and at least one reduction chamber. Each reduction chamber is adjacent to the combustion chamber. The reduction chambers are isolated from the adjacent combustion chamber by furnace walls, and all the reduction chambers are communicated with the electric furnace through material pipes. It is guaranteed that the reduction reaction in the reduction chambers is carried out smoothly through the combustion chamber in a flame isolation heating manner, and meanwhile reduced high-quality sponge iron can be prevented from being oxidized secondarily; and the generated sponge iron can be directly guided into the electric furnace to be smelted into high-quality molten steel, and the technology and device are both simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to process for making, particularly relate to a kind of mini-mill steelmaking technique and steel-smelting device.
Background technology
Mini-Mill develops rapidly in recent years, and Electric furnace steel making accounts for total steel output ratio from 7.3% of early 1950s in the world, brings up to 32% ~ 35% in recent years, the particularly U.S. and European Union's electric steel ratio reaches more than 50%." short route " advantage in product high-endization, energy variation, raw material diversification etc., causes people and payes attention to.
Electric furnace short route is a lot of relative to the advantage of the long flow process of traditional blast furnace-converter, mainly contain following some:
(1) invest less.Electric furnace mini-mill steelmaking mainly uses steel scrap as raw material, decreases the investment of the operation such as blast furnace and attached sintering, coking;
(2) equipment layout, technique are connected compact;
(3) energy-conserving and environment-protective.The steel-making of mini-mill steelmaking longer flow process, can save energy 60%, and often multiplex 1 ton of steel scrap can use about 1 ton of pig iron less, can save the raw coal of 0.4 ton of coke or about 1 ton.And owing to not needing the with serious pollution operations such as sintering coking, mini-mill steelmaking can reduce CO, CO
2, SO
2deng the discharge of waste gas, waste water and waste residue, the series of effects such as environmental protection and energy saving can be brought.Except above advantage, in steel scrap price and electricity price lattice lower ground district, the production cost of electric furnace is very low, also has the advantage on cost relative to long flow process.
But because China's process of industrialization is short, society's scrap resources is not enough, and steel plant process technical progress makes self-produced steel scrap constantly reduce, steel scrap import volume also corresponding decline simultaneously, so scrap resources short, hold at high price, have impact on the development of China's electric furnace mini-mill steelmaking technique, in current abbreviated system, the ferrous metal rate imported in electric furnace is not high, thus makes the steel quality of preparation in electric furnace not high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mini-mill steelmaking technique, being intended to for solving the not high problem of steel quality prepared by existing abbreviated system.
The present invention is achieved in that
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of mini-mill steelmaking technique, adopts shaft furnace and electric furnace reduction powdered iron ore, comprises following processing step:
Powdered iron ore and coal dust mixing are added water and makes some carbonaceous pelletizings, and each described carbonaceous pelletizing of preparation is carried out drying;
The reduction that dried each described carbonaceous pelletizing is all placed in described shaft furnace is indoor, and combustion chamber and the described reduction room of described shaft furnace adopt furnace wall to separate;
In described combustion chamber, be filled with combustion-supporting gas and fuel, described reduction room is heated in both mixed firings, and the equal prereduction of each described carbonaceous pelletizing of described reduction indoor is metallized pellet;
Being sent into by each described metallized pellet hot charging after reduction is added with in the described electric furnace of slag former, smelts each described metallized pellet simultaneously and produce molten steel and slag to oxygen blast in described electric furnace.
Further, the part coal gas smelting generation in described electric furnace is imported in described combustion chamber.
Further, be introduced in fly-ash separator by the coal gas of deriving in described electric furnace, the coal gas part after filtration imports in described combustion chamber, collects the stove dirt filtering and produce simultaneously.
Further, the part coal gas that prereduction in described reduction room produces is imported in described combustion chamber.
Further, when preparing described carbonaceous pelletizing, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in it is 1 ~ 1.5, and the diameter of pelletizing is 10 ~ 30mm.
Particularly, when drying, each described carbonaceous pelletizing uniformly dispersing of preparation is carried out drying on the drying grate of slow running, and the dried moisture content of each described carbonaceous pelletizing is not higher than 1%.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of mini-mill steelmaking device, comprise shaft furnace and electric furnace, described shaft furnace has at least one combustion chamber and at least one reduction room, the room of reduction described in each is all close to described combustion chamber, and adopting furnace wall to separate between described reduction room and the described combustion chamber of next-door neighbour, each described reduction room all leads to charge tube with described electric furnace and is communicated with.
Further, described combustion chamber is one, and described reduction room is multiple, and each described reduction room is all positioned at described combustion chamber, and described electric furnace has the first tracheae being communicated to described combustion chamber.
Further, be provided with in the top of each described reduction room the second tracheae being communicated to described combustion chamber.
Further, each described reduction room is provided with discharge with endless screw device in correspondence described material pipe place.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
In process for making of the present invention, first powdered iron ore and coal dust are made carbonaceous pelletizing, the reduction being placed on shaft furnace is after the drying indoor, make that reduction reaction occurs between ferriferous oxide and carbon by heat reduction room, combustion chamber and generate metallized pellet, then metallized pellet is placed in electric furnace and is prepared as molten steel.In above-mentioned technological process, reduction is indoor is prereduction, adopt the mode of muffle heating that carbonaceous pelletizing is prepared as high-quality sponge iron, the sponge iron after reducing can be avoided by secondary oxidation simultaneously, it directly can import in electric furnace and carry out reduction generation at end high quality molten steel, it adopts coal dust as reductive agent in addition, abandon the demand of this reduction process STRENGTH ON COKE, thus can coking process be saved, autoreduction is there is after carbonaceous pelletizing heating simultaneously, it uses powdered iron ore and coal dust as pelletizing raw material, reacting dynamics condition is superior, speed of response is fast, degree of metalization is higher, for the steel-smelting device adopting this process for making, owing to being short route, make whole apparatus structure simply compact, be easy to control to reduction process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The mini-mill steelmaking apparatus structure schematic diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
See Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of mini-mill steelmaking technique, adopts shaft furnace 1 to coordinate with electric furnace 2 reduced iron breeze to prepare high-quality molten steel, mainly comprises following processing step:
Powdered iron ore is mixed with coal dust, fine iron breeze can be selected, the water of about 5% is also added with in both mixture, prepare some carbonaceous pelletizings mixing to be placed on balling disc, and these carbonaceous pelletizings are all carried out drying treatment, usually, when carrying out drying treatment, be each carbonaceous pelletizing of preparation is dispersed evenly to slow running drying grate on carry out drying, and the moisture detecting carbonaceous pelletizing not higher than 1% time stop dry;
Above-mentioned dried each carbonaceous pelletizing is all placed in the reduction room 11 of shaft furnace 1, for the structure of this shaft furnace 1, furnace wall 13 is adopted to separate between its combustion chamber 12 and reduction room 11, the reduction room 11 of shaft furnace 1 is reaction chamber, combustion chamber 12 is then for providing necessary temperature of reaction to reduction room 11, both next-door neighbours, the high temperature that combustion chamber 12 burning produces can be passed in reduction room 11 by furnace wall 13, and furnace wall 13 adopts refractory materials to make;
Combustion-supporting gas and fuel is filled with in combustion chamber 12, both mixed firing heat reduction rooms 11, thus make each carbonaceous pelletizing of reducing in room 11 be all metallized pellet by prereduction, in this process, coal gas and air can be filled with in combustion chamber 12, both at special flame burner in combustion heat reduction room, combustion chamber 12 11, reduce in room 11 and be then filled with rare gas element, temperature of reaction can be controlled in 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C, be preferably 1100 DEG C, carbonaceous pelletizing is in this temperature range and first carry out preheating in an inert atmosphere, then there is autoreduction reaction, wherein coal dust is as reductive agent, be that sponge iron generates metallized pellet by the reduction of ferrous oxide in carbonaceous pelletizing, this process is prereduction, and the degree of metalization of metallized pellet that prereduction obtains controls about 94%,
The each metallized pellet hot charging produced that reduces in above-mentioned steps is sent in electric furnace 2, it can avoid the loss of heat in technological process, slag former is added with in electric furnace 2, in electric furnace 2, oxygen blast smelts each metallized pellet to produce molten steel and slag, slag former is generally lime and fluorite etc., each metallized pellet is smelted and is molten into molten steel in electric furnace 2, this process is reduction eventually, shaft furnace 1 coordinates with electric furnace 2, in reduction room 11, carbonaceous pelletizing is added to time-continuing process, the top of reduction room 11 can be provided with cloth system, in reduction room 11, carbonaceous pelletizing is added continuously by cloth system, and by regulating blanking velocity to control reduction rate, and then can mate flexibly with the smelting cycle of electric furnace 2.
In the present invention, process for making mainly completes in shaft furnace 1 with electric furnace 2, and be prereduction in shaft furnace 1, it is reduction eventually in electric furnace 2, combustion chamber 12 in shaft furnace 1 adopts furnace wall 13 to separate with reduction room 11, it maintains the temperature of reaction of reducing in room 11 by thermal radiation and heat conducting mode, with carrying out smoothly of ensureing that each carbonaceous pelletizing autoreduction reacts, simultaneously because combustion chamber 12 and reduction room 11 are separated, reducing atmosphere in reduction room 11 is controlled, the sponge iron secondary oxidation after reducing can be avoided, namely adopt and can prepare high-quality sponge iron in this way, and this high-quality sponge iron can be directly used in Oxygen Furnace Steel in electric furnace 2, and also only need melting be carried out to metallized pellet in electric furnace 2, very convenient.Adopt coal dust and powdered iron ore to be pelletizing raw material in addition, coal is reductive agent, compare traditional technology and not only can save coke making process, energy-conserving and environment-protective, and between itself and the oxide compound of iron, reacting dynamics condition is superior, and speed of response is fast, and degree of metalization is higher.For the size of carbonaceous pelletizing, its diameter is usually at 10 ~ 30mm, preferably can be 20mm, both balling efficiency can be improved, the degree of metalization of carbonaceous pelletizing can be ensured again, prepare high quality sponge iron, in addition the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in carbonaceous pelletizing is limited to 1 ~ 1.5, it also can be conducive to the degree of metalization improving carbonaceous pelletizing.
Optimize above-described embodiment, reductibility coal gas can be produced in the process that electric furnace 2 is smelted, this coal gas can be imported in combustion chamber 12.In the present embodiment, the fuel that the coal gas of high temperature that in electric furnace 2, steel-making produces is filled with as combustion chamber 12 in combustion chamber 12 uses, and for the reduction reaction in reduction room 11 provides heat, can improve the utilization ratio of heat.Usually also containing certain stove dirt in the reductibility coal gas produced in electric furnace 2 is smelted, if directly imported burning combustion, the stove dirt then contained in it can drain into ectocine surrounding air environment with the waste gas of the generation after burning, fly-ash separator 3 is had additional being directed in the stream of combustion chamber 12 by this reductibility coal gas to this, coal gas after filtration partly can import in combustion chamber 12 and use as fuel, and the residue of a part filters the burning that rear coal gas can also be used for other device in addition, the stove dirt simultaneously fly-ash separator 3 being filtered generation is collected, tornado dust collector can be adopted for fly-ash separator 3, filter under centripetal force effect and remove stove dirt.Continue to optimize above-described embodiment, the part coal gas that prereduction in reduction room 11 produces is imported in combustion chamber 12.In the autoreduction reaction of reduction room 11, coal dust also can generate reductibility coal gas as after reductive agent reaction, is also imported in combustion chamber 12 by this partial reductive coal gas and uses fuel as, can improve the utilization ratio of heat in whole technological process further.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of mini-mill steelmaking device, comprise shaft furnace 1 and electric furnace 2, shaft furnace 1 comprises at least one combustion chamber 12 and at least one reduction room 11, each reduction room 11 is all close to combustion chamber 12, and all adopting furnace wall 13 to separate between the combustion chamber 12 of reduction room 11 and next-door neighbour, each reduction room 11 also all leads to charge tube with electric furnace 2 and is communicated with.The process for making that the steel-smelting device of the present embodiment is corresponding above-mentioned, the prereduction carrying out carbonaceous pelletizing in shaft furnace 1 generates metallized pellet, and then adopt material pipe that above-mentioned metallized pellet is imported electric furnace 2 and carry out whole reduction, oxygen blast is smelted and produced molten steel.Owing to adopting ball-like structure, it also in spherical, thus can import in electric furnace 2 along material pipe by the metallized pellet after prereduction, not only can ensure that metallized pellet hot charging is sent in electric furnace 2, but also more convenient.Usually be provided with discharge with endless screw device in each reduction room 11 in correspondence material pipe place, when it is rotated, the metallized pellet that correspondence can be reduced in room 11 after prereduction is automatically imported in electric furnace 2, very convenient.
Optimizing above-described embodiment, is one for combustion chamber 12, reduce room 11 then for multiple, but the size of combustion chamber 12 is comparatively large, be all arranged in combustion chamber 12, and electric furnace 2 has the first tracheae being communicated to combustion chamber 12 by each reduction room 11.In the present embodiment, be one-to-many pattern between combustion chamber 12 and reduction room 11, first tracheae need be adopted to be communicated with combustion chamber 12 this, the reductibility coal gas that electric furnace 2 can be made to produce riddles in combustion chamber 12, relatively simple for structure, the inwall of combustion chamber 12 is along short transverse being furnished with some circle burners simultaneously, and each each burner enclosed is uniformly distributed along the inwall of combustion chamber 12 in the horizontal direction, each burner is branched to, by burner combustion to reach the object to each reduction room 11 even distribution heating by the reductibility coal gas of deriving in electric furnace 2.
For said structure, the second tracheae being communicated to middle and lower part, combustion chamber 12 is provided with at the top of each reduction room 11, the coal gas that prereduction in reduction room 11 produces also is imported in combustion chamber 12, it is also as the source of combustion chamber 12 fuel, ensure the heat utilization ratio of whole steel-smelting device, the usual outlet port by combustion chamber 12 is arranged at the top of combustion chamber 12 in addition, be avoid the coal gas imported in combustion chamber 12 directly to be discharged to this, the interface that then the second tracheae should be connected to combustion chamber 12 is arranged at the position, middle and lower part of combustion chamber 12, reductibility coal gas in like manner owing to producing in each reduction room 11 is high temperature, then the second tracheae be connected to reduction room 11 interface should be arranged at reduction room 11 tip position.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a mini-mill steelmaking technique, adopts shaft furnace and electric furnace reduction powdered iron ore, it is characterized in that, comprise following processing step:
Powdered iron ore and coal dust mixing are added water and makes some carbonaceous pelletizings, and each described carbonaceous pelletizing of preparation is carried out drying;
The reduction that dried each described carbonaceous pelletizing is all placed in described shaft furnace is indoor, and combustion chamber and the described reduction room of described shaft furnace adopt furnace wall to separate;
In described combustion chamber, be filled with combustion-supporting gas and fuel, described reduction room is heated in both mixed firings, and the equal prereduction of each described carbonaceous pelletizing of described reduction indoor is metallized pellet;
Being sent into by each described metallized pellet hot charging after reduction is added with in the described electric furnace of slag former, smelts each described metallized pellet simultaneously and produce molten steel and slag to oxygen blast in described electric furnace.
2. mini-mill steelmaking technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: imported in described combustion chamber by the part coal gas smelting generation in described electric furnace.
3. mini-mill steelmaking technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: be introduced in fly-ash separator by the coal gas of deriving in described electric furnace, the coal gas part after filtration imports in described combustion chamber, collects the stove dirt filtering and produce simultaneously.
4. mini-mill steelmaking technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: imported in described combustion chamber by the part coal gas that prereduction in described reduction room produces.
5. mini-mill steelmaking technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when preparing described carbonaceous pelletizing, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in it is 1 ~ 1.5, and the diameter of pelletizing is 10 ~ 30mm.
6. mini-mill steelmaking technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when drying, each described carbonaceous pelletizing uniformly dispersing of preparation is carried out drying on the drying grate of slow running, and the dried moisture content of each described carbonaceous pelletizing is not higher than 1%.
7. a mini-mill steelmaking device, comprise shaft furnace and electric furnace, it is characterized in that: described shaft furnace has at least one combustion chamber and at least one reduction room, the room of reduction described in each is all close to described combustion chamber, and adopting furnace wall to separate between described reduction room and the described combustion chamber of next-door neighbour, each described reduction room all leads to charge tube with described electric furnace and is communicated with.
8. mini-mill steelmaking device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described combustion chamber is one, described reduction room is multiple, and each described reduction room is all positioned at described combustion chamber, and described electric furnace has the first tracheae being communicated to described combustion chamber.
9. mini-mill steelmaking device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: be provided with in the top of each described reduction room the second tracheae being communicated to described combustion chamber.
10. mini-mill steelmaking device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: each described reduction room is provided with discharge with endless screw device in correspondence described material pipe place.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510719441.1A CN105385805A (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
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| CN201510719441.1A CN105385805A (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107557511A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Thin Strip Steel productive technology of short flow based on DRI |
| CN107904347A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-13 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of coal-based direct reduction shaft furnace and its restoring method |
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| CN104630411A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | QDF electric steelmaking process |
| CN104878147A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for making iron by smelting reduction |
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| CN2215106Y (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1995-12-13 | 胥思义 | Multi-tube reduction furnace |
| CN101215614A (en) * | 2007-01-06 | 2008-07-09 | 邹明 | Reducing chamber and heating chamber multilayer obturation alternation and fusion gasification combination metal smelting method |
| CN201688680U (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-12-29 | 攀枝花市创盛粉末冶金有限责任公司 | External combustion tube direct reduction shaft furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107557511A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Thin Strip Steel productive technology of short flow based on DRI |
| CN107904347A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-13 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of coal-based direct reduction shaft furnace and its restoring method |
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Application publication date: 20160309 |