CN104630411A - QDF electric steelmaking process - Google Patents
QDF electric steelmaking process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104630411A CN104630411A CN201510106789.3A CN201510106789A CN104630411A CN 104630411 A CN104630411 A CN 104630411A CN 201510106789 A CN201510106789 A CN 201510106789A CN 104630411 A CN104630411 A CN 104630411A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to a QDF electric steelmaking process. The process comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an iron-containing raw material and a powdery reducing agent, and filling each reducing room, wherein the materials are in disperse and uniformly distributed state in the reducing room, and the reducing rooms and the reduced materials are maintained in static states in the reduction process; uniformly heating the materials in the reducing room by using the heat produced by the combustion of fuel and combustion-supporting gas in a combustion room to preform the reduction reaction on the iron-containing raw material and the reducing agent, wherein the reducing room is a narrow one-part form reactor; obtaining heat-state directly reduced iron after the materials in the reducing room are completely reacted, conveying the heat-state directly reduced iron to a charging device through a hot-delivery mode, and hot-filling an electric furnace to obtain molten steel. The process has the obvious advantages of being short in flow, strong in raw material adaptability, non-coke smelting, easy in control of the reduction process, sufficient in inter-process energy utilization, and capable of obviously reducing CO2 discharge; the process is a steelmaking method with shorter process flow, lower investment, lower cost and better environment protection in comparison with a converter steelmaking process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of ferrous metallurgy, be specifically related to a kind of electric steelmaking process.
Background technology
Along with the increase of China's ferrous materials recoverable amount, waste steel recycling amount will constantly increase, and the ratio of blast fumance molten iron will constantly reduce in the near future, and the short route of steel scrap-Electric furnace steel making will become development trend.But the instability of waste steel quality is unfavorable for the exploitation of various steel products, and the resource of steel scrap and price are very unstable, and the features such as sponge iron carbon containing is low by contrast, foreign matter content is few, easy fusing are more conducive to electric furnace production high-quality steel.
Produce the direct-reduction abbreviated system of sponge iron at present both at home and abroad, according to reductive agent kind, have gas base and coal-based two large classes, gas base has MIDREX (Mead rex method), HYL (Xi Erfa), FIOR (fluidized bed process), FINMET (Fen Maitefa) etc.; Coal-based have kiln process, rotary hearth furnace method, outer thermal response tank method etc.All there is respective deficiency in above technique, gas-based reduction technique needs that the reducing gas resource of high-quality ensures, reduction process is difficult to control, high to ingredient requirement, go back the shortcomings such as original product homogeneity is inadequate; Tube reduction furnace has that ingredient requirement is high, energy consumption is large, output is little, reduction process is difficult to control, operating rate is low, equipment is difficult to the shortcomings such as maximization.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of QDF (Q, Quiescent, static state; D, Direct, directly; F, Furnace, stove) electric steelmaking process, this technique has the remarkable advantages such as flow process is short, adaptability to raw material is strong, non-coke is smelted, reduction process is easy to control, inter process Energy harvesting is abundant, energy consumption is low, output is high, obvious minimizing CO2 quantity discharged, equipment operation rate are high, convenient operating maintenance, is that one is shorter compared with converter steelmaking process flow process, investment is lower, cost is lower, the better method for making steel of environmental protection.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of QDF electric steelmaking process, comprise following processing step:
ST1: iron-bearing material and reductive agent powder are mixed, loads each reduction room, and in reduction room, material is in dispersion, equally distributed state, seals after charging, and in whole reduction process, reduction room and reduced material all keep stationary state;
ST2: ignition combustion indoor continue fuel and the combustion-supporting gas of supply, the material of the even heat heat reduction indoor of generation, makes granular feedstock and reductive agent carry out reduction reaction in reduction indoor; Described reduction room is long narrow one-part form reactor, whole fire box temperature uniformity, reducing atmosphere uniformity;
ST3: after the material reaction of room to be restored, obtain hot direct reduced iron, send mode that hot direct reduced iron is transported to loading device by heat, hot charging enters electric furnace;
ST4: Electric furnace steel making obtains molten steel.
In such scheme, the iron-bearing material in described step ST1 is block material, powder or the granular feedstock obtained of granulating after powder and binding agent being mixed.
In such scheme, reduction room and combustion chamber are all provided with multiple, and reduction room and combustion chamber are spaced, or a reduction room and two the combustion chamber arranged in groups point being located at its both sides.
In such scheme, described reduction room and combustion chamber are modular combination.
In such scheme, the horizontal direction cross section of reduction room and combustion chamber is trapezoidal or rectangle, and vertical direction cross section is rectangle.
In such scheme, the high-temperature flue gas of discharging in described combustion chamber, come pre-heating fuel and combustion-supporting gas by high-temperature heat exchanger, high-temperature heat exchanger is regenerative furnace or refractory metal interchanger.
Implement QDF electric steelmaking process of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1) reducing room and reduced material in Direct Reduction is stationary state, and accessible effect has:
A, because material remains static in reaction process, avoid and occur damaged, therefore the requirement of strength of granular feedstock is reduced, improve granulation process production efficiency, reduce the usage quantity of binding agent, thus the energy consumption of reduction granulation process and cost;
B, because material remains static in reaction process, the recovery time can extend, and improves the degree of metalization going back original product, or shortens the recovery time to enhance productivity.
2) reduction room is one-part form reactor, without preheating district and cooling zone, and accessible effect has:
A, can realize reduction process uniform temperature fields, reduction room airtight space, reducing atmosphere uniformity, stable conditions, improves the total quality going back original product;
B, can to realize reduction temperature adjustable, controlled, improves reduction resultant metal rate, resultant metal rate can be made to reach more than 90%.
3) iron-bearing material and reductive agent powder are in dispersion, equally distributed state in reduction room, and accessible effect has:
A, reductive agent fully contact with iron-bearing material, improve reduction efficiency;
B, iron-bearing material are in the reductive agent powder of rarefaction, fully can eliminate the expansion of granular feedstock in reduction process, and overall material, to the unstressed effect of reduction room big-wall, extends the reduction room big-wall life-span.
4) the non-coke raw material of hard coal, bituminous coal, brown coal etc. can be used to make reductive agent, whole technical process is that non-coke is smelted, and reduces costs, improves environmental protection.
5) hot direct reduced iron harmful element content is low, for smelting high-quality steel and special steel provide high-quality molten steel.
6) hot direct reduced iron is sent by heat, hot charging enters electric furnace, decreases calorific loss, and reduce electric furnace energy consumption, energy utilization is abundant.
7) electric furnace mainly realizes the thawing of hot direct reduced iron, and because the degree of metalization of direct-reduced iron is high, in hot, compared with entering electric furnace with cold burden, hot direct reduced iron hot charging can reduce smelting time, improves electric furnace production capacity.
8) because flow process operation is short, compared to converter steelmaking process, eliminate blast furnace operation, CO2 quantity discharged obviously reduces.
9) compared with traditional bof process, this flow process main body facility only reducing apparatus and electric furnace, other relevant auxiliary facility is less, and this technology investment will reduce greatly.
10) compared with traditional bof process, operation simplifies greatly, and inter process is connected closely, and inter process energy medium recycle degree is high, and greatly reduce obnoxious flavour and solid discharge, environment protecting is splendid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is QDF electric steelmaking process schema of the present invention;
The vertical view of the reducing apparatus embodiment one that Fig. 2 a adopts for QDF electric steelmaking process of the present invention;
The vertical view of the reducing apparatus embodiment two that Fig. 2 b adopts for QDF electric steelmaking process of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and effect, now contrast accompanying drawing and describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of QDF electric steelmaking process, its elementary production steps comprises:
1) granulate after the batching such as iron-bearing material, binding agent being fully mixed, globule size is about 10mm ~ 40mm, and the process of drying operation, is directly transported to feed bin; Described iron-bearing material is at least one of powdered iron ore, nickel minerals powder, iron content powder, vanadium titanium valve material etc.In this step, also reductive agent can be granulated together with iron-bearing material, can the recovery time be shortened, improve reduction efficiency.The iron-bearing material joined in reduction room also can not be granulated, and namely directly selects powder or globule size to be 10mm ~ 40mm block material.
2) by batchings such as reductive agent powder and above-mentioned granular feedstocks, after being fully mixed by distributor from reduction top, room 2 or sidepiece charging, except leaving a small amount of space confession reducing gas above the charge level of reduction room 2 and collecting, its complementary space is filled by reduced material, material is in dispersion, uniform distribution, the filling ratio about 90% of material in reduction room 2, after charging, each opening for feed in reduction room 2 completes self-closed; Reductive agent is at least one of hard coal, bituminous coal, brown coal, coke, charcoal etc.
3) combustion chamber 1 is positioned at reduction both sides, room 2, and reduction process institute heat requirement is provided by combustion chamber 1 completely.Several burners are set in combustion chamber 1, realize the burning of different fuel and combustion-supporting gas, fire fuel and combustion-supporting gas can produce the high-temperature flue gas of 1000 ~ 1450 DEG C, are continuously uninterrupted burning when normally producing, reduced material in high-temperature flue gas heat entirety homogeneous heating reduction room 2; Fuel is at least one of blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-oven gas, coal coal gas, Sweet natural gas etc.
4) granular feedstock and reductive agent powder carry out sufficient reduction reaction reducing in room 2; According to different iron-bearing materials, the temperature in reduction room 2 is adjustable, controlled, and the reduction reaction time is adjustable, controlled.
5) flue-gas temperature of combustion chamber 1 discharge is higher, about 700 ~ 1200 DEG C, high-temperature flue gas after discharge carries out heat recuperation by heat exchanger, preheating enters fuel and the combustion-supporting gas of combustion chamber 1, fuel can be preheated to 500 ~ 1000 DEG C, and combustion-supporting gas can be preheated to 500 ~ 1000 DEG C, and the flue-gas temperature after heat exchange terminates is reduced to 200 ~ 300 DEG C, also can be used for dried feed etc., arranged outward by chimney after flue gas ash removal.
6) each inner reduced material in reduction room 2 is in reaction process, and the reducing gas of generation, as CO, H
2deng, after reduction room 2 headspace enrichment, derived by top duct, after house steward collects, be back to each combustion chamber 1 fuel as a supplement.
7), after the material chemical reaction of room 2 to be restored, from side or the bottom discharge of reduction room 2, with regard to single reduction room 2, Integratively discharge method is taked.The hot high degree of metalization direct-reduced iron of discharge end be independent, even, non-caked, without the state of efflorescence, by discharge apparatus tank filling, the degree of metalization of direct-reduced iron is up to more than 90%.
8) send mode that hot direct reduced iron is transported to loading device by heat, hot charging enters electric furnace.
9) electrosmelting completes steel-making, obtains high-temperature flue gas and can be used for preheating or generating.
It is as follows that QDF electric steelmaking process also has feature description:
1) the reduction room 2 related in this technical process, and solid granular iron-bearing material, the reductive agent powder loaded in reduction room 2, in whole reduction process, be stationary state, namely from charging complete to the pilot process of discharging, above reduction room 2 and material are stationary state.
2) the reduction room 2 related in this technical process, be one-part form reactor, eliminate material preheating zone and cooling zone, process is single, uniform temperature fields.
3) reduction room 2 internal solid reductive agent powder and solid granular iron-bearing material are in dispersion, are uniformly distributed.
4) multiple reduction room 2 and combustion chamber 1 is provided with, combustion chamber 1 provides heat to reduction room 2, combustion chamber 1 is parallel with reduction room 2, separates between unit by the big-wall 4 of common, easy refractory material laying, the optional High-Alumina of refractory materials, clayey, siliceous etc. at least one.
Following two kinds of embodiments can be had:
As shown in Figure 2 a, multiple reduction room 2 and combustion chamber 1 are spaced, and are provided with heat transfer partition wall 3 between adjacent reduction room 2 and combustion chamber 1, and in each reduction room 2, temperature is basically identical, is suitable for processing a kind of metalliferous feed material;
As shown in Figure 2 b, reduction room 2 and two combustion chamber 1 arranged in groups point being located at its both sides, often adopt heat insulation big-wall 4 to separate between group, each reduction room 2 temperature can independently control, unaffected each other, can process multiple different metalliferous feed material simultaneously.
5) the horizontal direction cross section of each reduction room 2 and combustion chamber 1 is trapezoidal or rectangle, and vertical direction cross section is rectangle, and the concrete size in reduction room 2 can be determined according to concrete raw material, quality product requirement, temperature of reaction, reaction times etc.
6) high-temperature heat exchanger can select the regenerative furnace with checker brick or refractory ball, or refractory metal interchanger.
7) reduction room 2 is narrow rectangular space, and the volume of single reduction room 2 is comparatively large, and reduced material filling ratio is high, and plot ratio can reach more than 90%, and reduction room 2 is modular combination with combustion chamber 1, and the quantity of reduction room 2 can need to adjust according to output.
8) periodically material loading and discharging are taked in single reduction room 2, and whole QDF reducing process is feeding in continuous material and discharging.
The present invention also provides a kind of QDF electric steelmaking process specific embodiment, and production stage comprises:
ST1: granulate after the powdered iron ore of ferrous grade more than 50%, binding agent being fully mixed, globule size is about 30mm, is transported to storage bin after drying treatment;
ST2: by batchings such as the granular feedstock that obtains above and hard coal reductive agents, granular feedstock and reductive agent mass ratio are about 1:0.3, after being fully mixed by distributor from reduction top, room blanking, reduced material be in loose, be uniformly distributed, bulk density is 2t/m
3, the filling ratio about 90% of material in reduction room, after charging, each opening for feed in reduction room completes self-closed;
ST3: reduction room is long narrow shape, and its width is 300 ~ 550mm, and length is 5 ~ 18m, height 3 ~ 8m;
ST4: the preheating gas supplied to combustion chamber by pipeline is 900 DEG C and warm-up combustion-supporting air is 900 DEG C;
ST5: the high-temperature flue gas of coal gas and combustion air burning generation 1450 DEG C in combustion chamber, granular iron-bearing material and reductive agent carry out reduction reaction reducing indoor; The temperature of reduction indoor controls at 1100 DEG C, and reduction reaction time controling is at 16h;
ST6: combustion chamber flue-gas temperature out about 1100 DEG C, high-temperature flue gas after discharge carries out heat recuperation by heat exchanger, the coal gas and combustion air that enter combustion chamber are preheated to 900 DEG C, flue-gas temperature after heat exchange terminates is reduced to 200 ~ 300 DEG C, be further used as raw material drying gas, arrange outward finally by chimney;
ST7: each reduction room iron-bearing material after completion of the reaction, discharged by sidepiece or bottom, obtains the granular direct-reduced iron that degree of metalization reaches 90%, soap-free emulsion polymeization and powder phenomenon-tion, and heat material loads in batch can by direct-reduced iron and remaining toner;
ST8: hot material temperature degree about 600 ~ 800 DEG C, loads electric furnace from top by molten charge equipment together with solvent etc.;
ST9: electric furnace can smelt into corresponding molten steel completing in smelting process the alloy raw material added needed for steel grade.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a QDF electric steelmaking process, is characterized in that, comprises following processing step:
ST1: iron-bearing material and reductive agent powder are mixed, loads each reduction room, and in reduction room, material is in dispersion, equally distributed state, seals after charging, and in whole reduction process, reduction room and reduced material all keep stationary state;
ST2: ignition combustion indoor continue fuel and the combustion-supporting gas of supply, the material of the even heat heat reduction indoor of generation, makes iron-bearing material and reductive agent carry out reduction reaction in reduction indoor; Described reduction room is long narrow one-part form reactor, whole fire box temperature uniformity, reducing atmosphere uniformity;
ST3: after the material reaction of room to be restored, obtain hot direct reduced iron, send mode that hot direct reduced iron is transported to loading device by heat, hot charging enters electric furnace;
ST4: Electric furnace steel making obtains molten steel.
2. according to the QDF direct-reduction technique described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the iron-bearing material in described step ST1 be block material, powder or the granular feedstock obtained of granulating after powder and binding agent are mixed.
3. according to the QDF electric steelmaking process described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, reduction room and combustion chamber are all provided with multiple, and reduction room and combustion chamber are spaced, or a reduction room and two the combustion chamber arranged in groups point being located at its both sides.
4. according to the QDF electric steelmaking process described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that, described reduction room and combustion chamber are modular combination.
5. according to the QDF electric steelmaking process described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the horizontal direction cross section of reduction room and combustion chamber is trapezoidal or rectangle, and vertical direction cross section is rectangle.
6. according to the QDF electric steelmaking process described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the high-temperature flue gas of discharging in described combustion chamber, come pre-heating fuel and combustion-supporting gas by high-temperature heat exchanger, high-temperature heat exchanger is regenerative furnace or refractory metal interchanger.
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| CN201510106789.3A CN104630411A (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | QDF electric steelmaking process |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
| CN107557511A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Thin Strip Steel productive technology of short flow based on DRI |
| CN109536703A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ferrochrome smelting device and technique |
| CN109706333A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of manganeisen smelting device and technique |
| CN115679035A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-02-03 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Scrap steel preheating method and device based on hot charging direct reduced iron |
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| US5611838A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1997-03-18 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Process for producing an iron melt |
| CN101215614A (en) * | 2007-01-06 | 2008-07-09 | 邹明 | Reducing chamber and heating chamber multilayer obturation alternation and fusion gasification combination metal smelting method |
| CN103352097A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-10-16 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Reducing furnace, and technology for directly reducing coal-containing pellets through preheating outside coal base |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
| CN107557511A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Thin Strip Steel productive technology of short flow based on DRI |
| CN109536703A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ferrochrome smelting device and technique |
| CN109706333A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of manganeisen smelting device and technique |
| CN115679035A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-02-03 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Scrap steel preheating method and device based on hot charging direct reduced iron |
| CN115679035B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-12-29 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Scrap steel preheating method and device based on hot charging direct reduced iron |
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