CN103352097A - Reducing furnace, and technology for directly reducing coal-containing pellets through preheating outside coal base - Google Patents
Reducing furnace, and technology for directly reducing coal-containing pellets through preheating outside coal base Download PDFInfo
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- CN103352097A CN103352097A CN2013102032375A CN201310203237A CN103352097A CN 103352097 A CN103352097 A CN 103352097A CN 2013102032375 A CN2013102032375 A CN 2013102032375A CN 201310203237 A CN201310203237 A CN 201310203237A CN 103352097 A CN103352097 A CN 103352097A
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Abstract
The invention provides a reducing furnace. The reducing furnace comprises a furnace wall, at least one reducing tank and at least one combustion tank, and the at least one reducing tank and the at least one combustion tank are alternately arranged. The top of each reducing tank is connected with a raw material feeding device, and the bottom of each reducing tank is provided with a material outlet. The top of each combustion tank is connected with a fuel feeding device, and the bottom of each combustion tank is provided with an ash outlet. The invention also provides a technology for directly heating coal-containing pellets through preheating outside a coal base. The technology comprises the following steps: 1, mixing and pelletizing an iron-containing raw material, coal dust and a binder to obtain coal pellets; and 2, providing the reducing furnace, adding the pellets to the reducing tank(s) through the raw material feeding device(s), adding fire coal to the combustion tank(s) through the fuel feeding device(s), allowing the pellets and the fire coal to independently move from top to bottom, heating and reducing the pellets to form spongy iron, and discharging the spongy iron. The reducing furnace and the reducing technology have the advantages of high shaft furnace productivity, adoption of non-coking coal as a reducing agent in coal base reduction, adoption of cheap coal as a heat source, and production of the direct reduction iron for steel making.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical industry ironmaking field, is a kind of method of non-blast furnace ironmaking, relates in particular to a kind of reduction furnace and coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique.
Background technology
Direct-reduced iron (DRI) be again sponge iron, forms after as reductive agent reducing iron ore, iron fine powder or iron-bearing material with Sweet natural gas or mill coal.Reductive agent is different, and the chemical ingredients of the DRI that produces is also different.More and more tighter to the residual element requirement along with smelting steel grade, particularly the product steel such as nuclear power, hydrogenation, power station when using common home scrap and outsourcing scrap smelting, have not satisfied product to the requirement of residual element.Direct-reduced iron is very low because of its impurity content, is commonly used to replace the part steel scrap to solve residual element problem in the steelmaking process in steel-making, produces high-quality Clean Steel or special steel.
Global direct-reduced iron output continues to increase in recent years, according to statistics, 2010 world's direct-reduced iron (DRI/HBI) output reached 7,037 ten thousand t, be about 6.7% of China's blase furnace cast iron output (9.52 hundred million t), be subjected to the restriction of resource, the slower development that China's direct-reduced iron is produced, output is less than 1.0% of global direct-reduced iron (DRI) output.
Different direct-reductions by reductive agent are divided into the reduction of gas base and coal base reduction.MIDREX and HYL are two kinds of main gas-based shaft kiln reducing process, and its output accounts for more than 70% of global direct-reduced iron output, occupies an leading position in direct-reduced iron production.The gas-based shaft kiln reducing apparatus does not need the large-scale sintering of auxiliary construction, coking equipment, does not need coke and coking coal yet, has therefore obtained fast development in the abundant developing country of Sweet natural gas.Gas base reduction scale is large, and single stove production capacity can reach 1,900,000 t/.
The most of scale of coal-based DR process is less, and energy consumption is also higher.Common coal-based DR process comprises rotary hearth furnace, tunnel furnace and rotary kiln etc.Rotary hearth furnace contains and has realized suitability for industrialized production aspect Fe, Zn, Cr, the Ni dust processing Steel Plant, its weak point is sponge iron (DRI) gangue and sulphur content height, cause the Electric furnace steel making quantity of slag to increase, consumption of electrode is difficult to be directly used in produce to make steel and uses direct-reduced iron.Rotary hearth furnace process comprises dried iron processes (Dryiron), FASTMET, INMETCO method etc., and single stove production capacity maximum can reach 500,000 t/a, but compares with shaft furnace, still seems less.
Tunnel furnace is the main technique means of the powder metallurgy iron powder that is specifically designed to the production high added value of Europe exploitation.Because the direct-reduction tunnel furnace of regular design reaches 160-270 rice, thermosteresis is large, very high (the about 1t/t of consumption coal of energy consumption for production capacity little (single kiln is maximum produces 60000 tons per year), wherein the production cycle long (48～76 hours) is heated with coal 450～550kg/t) in reduction with coal 450～650kg/t; Seriously polluted (solid waste such as reduction coal ash, useless reduction tank are many, and dust is many), the problems such as unstable product quality are abroad without tunnel furnace production steel-making DRI.
Rotary kiln is at present domestic direct-reduction iron production method commonly used.Cause requires harsh to crude fuel, unit production capacity investment and working cost are higher, and the steady running difficulty is bigger than normal, and industrial scale (maximum 150,000 t/ seats) less than normal is difficult to become the main process that China's direct-reduced iron develops.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reduction furnace and coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique, its throughput that combines shaft furnace is high, can be to large scale development, coal base reduction adopts the mill coal powder as reductive agent, as advantages such as thermals source, produce the steel-making direct-reduced iron with the coal of cheapness.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is:
Reduction furnace is characterized in that, it comprises furnace wall, at least one reduction tank, reaches at least one burn pot, and described at least one reduction tank and described at least one burn pot are arranged alternately; The top of each reduction tank is connected with raw material feeder, and the bottom of each reduction tank is provided with discharge port; The top of each burn pot is connected with the fuel charge device, and the bottom of each burn pot is provided with ash output hole.
In the such scheme, the Width of the cross section of each reduction tank and each burn pot is 1:0.7-0.3.
In the such scheme, the cross section of each reduction tank and each burn pot is tetragon, and described at least one reduction tank and described at least one burn pot along continuous straight runs are arranged alternately.
In the such scheme, the cross section of described reduction tank and burn pot is annular, described at least one reduction tank and concentric being arranged alternately of described at least one burn pot.
Coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique, it may further comprise the steps:
1) raw material preparation: with iron-bearing material, coal dust, obtain briquet with the binding agent mixed pelletizing, wherein said coal dust and iron-bearing material are 1.1-1.2 batching according to carbon oxygen mol ratio, and described binding agent and iron-bearing material, coal dust, the mass ratio that reaches binding agent three total amount are 2-5:100;
2) provide above-mentioned reduction furnace, pelletizing is added in the reduction tank by raw material feeder, fire coal is added in the burn pot by the fuel charge device, pelletizing and fire coal be independent operating from top to bottom, pelletizing is discharged after forming sponge iron through preheating, reduction, wherein reduction temperature is 800 ℃-1400 ℃, and the recovery time is 5-20h.
In the such scheme, also comprising step 2) resulting reduced iron send Electric furnace steel making or is pressed into the step of hot wafering.
In the such scheme, when fire coal is lump coal, adopt exhausting or blast roasting; When fire coal is coal dust, adopt the winding-up blast roasting.
In the such scheme, the temperature of top-down 2/3 At The Height of described reduction tank is controlled at more than 800 ℃.
Principle of the present invention is: coal blending pelletizing and fire coal continuously operation from top to bottom in adopting, and interior coal blending pelletizing and coal-fired respectively independent operating.Coal-fired igniting afterfire, for interior coal blending pelletizing reduction provides heat, the high-temp waste gas preheating top that forms from bottom to top is coal-fired, and low temperature is discharged.Coal-bearing pellets is discharged through forming the cold conditions direct-reduced iron after preheating, reduction, the cooling from top to bottom, or hot discharge after preheating, reduction, and heat is sent steel-making, can realize the high-quality sponge iron of high mechanization and scale operation.Wherein, the present invention relates to 1) interior coal blending pelletizing autoreduction technology: the reduction of interior coal blending pelletizing is called the autoreduction reaction, and the autoreduction reaction is owing to allocate a certain amount of coal dust in the pelletizing, coal dust and ferric oxide close contact in the reduction process, iron oxide reduction reaction (Fe
2O
3+ CO=2Fe+CO
2And FeO+CO=Fe+CO
2) CO that produces
2Can change on the spot CO(CO
2+ C=2CO), and participate in immediately reduction reaction.Therefore, the direct reduction reactor of interior coal blending pelletizing is compared with general coal-based direct reduction, and reacting dynamics condition is superior, and speed of response is fast, and the reduced iron quality is good; 2) Direct Reduction Technology take fire coal as thermal source: the control fired coal combustion provides thermal source as direct-reduction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) the hearth type reduction structure of innovation: different from traditional coal base reduction stove furnace charge operation scheme, this technology has adopted the furnace charge operation scheme of gas base reduction, and furnace charge moves from top to bottom, has avoided the little critical defect of traditional coal base reduction production capacity; The heat of the two-sided absorption burn pot of furnace charge in the reduction tank is heated evenly, and is conducive to the carrying out of reduction reaction, and quality product is guaranteed.
2) Direct Reduction Technology take fire coal as thermal source of innovation: domestic coal-fired aboundresources, can use bunker coal burning at a low price to provide heat as direct-reduction, effectively the production control cost; Compare with other Coal-based Direct Reduction Technologies, this technomania efficient is high, and fuel ratio is low.The spacious flame heating of traditional coal-based direct reduction such as rotary hearth furnace, the heating of tunnel furnace muffle, fuel consumption is large, and amount of heat is taken away by high-temperature flue gas, and thermo-efficiency is low, and energy consumption is high.
3) adopt interior coal blending pelletizing autoreduction technology, reacting dynamics condition is superior, and speed of response is fast, and the reduced iron quality is good.
Therefore, the present invention lacks oil according to China, Sweet natural gas is poor, mill coal aboundresources, inexpensive characteristics, development and Design coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets Direct Reduction Technology, the throughput that combines shaft furnace is high, can be to large scale development, coal base reduction adopts mill coal as reductive agent, as advantages such as thermals source, produce the steel-making direct-reduced iron with the coal of cheapness.
Description of drawings
The front view of the reduction furnace that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention one.
The vertical view of the reduction furnace that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention one.
The schematic flow sheet of the coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention one.
The front view of the reduction furnace that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention two.
The vertical view of the reduction furnace that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention two.
Among the figure: 1-furnace wall, 2-burn pot, 3-reduce tank, 4-fuel charge device, 5-raw material feeder, 6-discharge port, 7-ash output hole.
Embodiment
In order to understand better the present invention, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples.
Embodiment one
Extremely shown in Figure 2 such as Fig. 1, the reduction furnace that it provides for the embodiment of the invention one, it comprises furnace wall 1, a plurality of reduction tank 3, reaches a plurality of burn pots 2.A plurality of reduction tanks 3 are arranged alternately with a plurality of burn pots 2.The top of each reduction tank 3 is connected with raw material feeder 5, and the bottom of each reduction tank 3 is provided with discharge port 6.The top of each burn pot 2 is connected with fuel charge device 4, and the bottom of each burn pot 2 is provided with ash output hole 7.Reduction tank and burn pot quantity can arrange by the annual production requirement.
In the present embodiment, each reduction tank 3 is tetragon with the cross section of each burn pot 2, and a plurality of reduction tanks 3 are arranged alternately with a plurality of burn pot 2 along continuous straight runs.Each reduction tank 3 is 1:0.7-0.3 with the Width of the cross section of each burn pot 2.In the present embodiment, Width is preferably 0.5.
As shown in Figure 3, present embodiment also provides a kind of coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique, and it may further comprise the steps:
1) raw material preparation: with iron-bearing material, coal dust, obtain briquet with the binding agent mixed pelletizing, wherein said coal dust and iron-bearing material are 1.1-1.2 batching according to carbon oxygen mol ratio, and described binding agent and iron-bearing material, coal dust, the mass ratio that reaches binding agent three total amount are 2-5:100;
2) raw material blending and pelletizing: the raw material of mixing is added a certain amount of water pelletizing, obtain green-ball;
3) raw material stoving: the green-ball that obtains carries out drying, obtains pelletizing;
4) provide above-mentioned reduction furnace, pelletizing is added in the reduction tank by raw material feeder, fire coal is added in the burn pot by the fuel charge device, the reinforced mode of Belt Conveying, chassis cloth that adopts is reinforced, pelletizing and fire coal be independent operating from top to bottom, pelletizing is discharged after forming sponge iron through preheating, reduction, and wherein reduction temperature is 800 ℃-1400 ℃, and the recovery time is 5-20h.
5) the resulting reduced iron of step 4) is sent Electric furnace steel making or is pressed into hot wafering;
6) discharging and ash discharge.
When fire coal is lump coal, adopt exhausting or blast roasting; When fire coal is coal dust, adopt the winding-up blast roasting.Combustion system can require to select according to quality product.The temperature of top-down 2/3 At The Height of reduction tank is controlled at more than 800 ℃.
In the present embodiment, binding agent is selected fluorite, and iron-bearing material is powdered iron ore, iron fine powder or ion dust mud contaning etc.
In the present embodiment, the reductive agent coal dust is the mill coal powder, and carbon content is preferably greater than 70%.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the reduction furnace that it provides for the embodiment of the invention two, itself and embodiment one are roughly the same, and difference is to reduce the cross section of tank 3 and burn pot 2 and is annular, a plurality of reduction tanks 3 and a plurality of burn pot 2 concentric being arranged alternately.Reinforced batch can and the reinforced mode of distributor chute of adopting adds fire coal and pelletizing in batches.
Need to prove that those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and do not break away from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. reduction furnace is characterized in that, it comprises furnace wall, at least one reduction tank, reaches at least one burn pot, and described at least one reduction tank and described at least one burn pot are arranged alternately; The top of each reduction tank is connected with raw material feeder, and the bottom of each reduction tank is provided with discharge port; The top of each burn pot is connected with the fuel charge device, and the bottom of each burn pot is provided with ash output hole.
2. reduction furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the Width of the cross section of each reduction tank and each burn pot is 1:0.7-0.3.
3. reduction furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the cross section of each reduction tank and each burn pot is tetragon, and described at least one reduction tank and described at least one burn pot along continuous straight runs are arranged alternately.
4. reduction furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the cross section of described reduction tank and burn pot is annular, described at least one reduction tank and concentric being arranged alternately of described at least one burn pot.
5. coal-based outer preheating coal-bearing pellets direct-reduction technique is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
1) raw material preparation: with iron-bearing material, coal dust, obtain briquet with the binding agent mixed pelletizing, wherein said coal dust and iron-bearing material are 1.1-1.2 batching according to carbon oxygen mol ratio, and described binding agent and iron-bearing material, coal dust, the mass ratio that reaches binding agent three total amount are 2-5:100;
2) provide each described reduction furnace such as claim 1-4, pelletizing is added in the reduction tank by raw material feeder, fire coal is added in the burn pot by the fuel charge device, pelletizing and fire coal be independent operating from top to bottom, pelletizing is discharged after forming sponge iron through preheating, reduction, wherein reduction temperature is 800 ℃-1400 ℃, and the recovery time is 5-20h.
6. direct-reduction technique as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises step 2) resulting reduced iron send Electric furnace steel making or is pressed into the step of hot wafering.
7. direct-reduction technique as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, when fire coal is lump coal, adopts exhausting or blast roasting; When fire coal is coal dust, adopt the winding-up blast roasting.
8. direct-reduction technique as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the temperature of top-down 2/3 At The Height of described reduction tank is controlled at more than 800 ℃.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104630411A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | QDF electric steelmaking process |
| CN104878147A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for making iron by smelting reduction |
| CN105039628A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-11-11 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction process and shaft furnace |
| CN105039627A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆大学 | Coal-based direct reduction-melt separation furnace smelting reduction iron-making process using external heating mode |
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
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| CN1249350A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-05 | 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 | Technology for directly reducing iron with coal base in pot furnace |
| CN101215614A (en) * | 2007-01-06 | 2008-07-09 | 邹明 | Reducing chamber and heating chamber multilayer obturation alternation and fusion gasification combination metal smelting method |
| CN201364022Y (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-12-16 | 邓小宝 | Central backflash internal-heat storage-type energy-saving high-efficient furnace and tank integration reducing furnace system |
| CN102808057A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-05 | 温向阳 | Coal base direct reduction iron process of external heating horizontal channel type furnace |
-
2013
- 2013-05-28 CN CN2013102032375A patent/CN103352097A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1249350A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-05 | 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 | Technology for directly reducing iron with coal base in pot furnace |
| CN101215614A (en) * | 2007-01-06 | 2008-07-09 | 邹明 | Reducing chamber and heating chamber multilayer obturation alternation and fusion gasification combination metal smelting method |
| CN201364022Y (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-12-16 | 邓小宝 | Central backflash internal-heat storage-type energy-saving high-efficient furnace and tank integration reducing furnace system |
| CN102808057A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-05 | 温向阳 | Coal base direct reduction iron process of external heating horizontal channel type furnace |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104630411A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | QDF electric steelmaking process |
| CN104878147A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for making iron by smelting reduction |
| CN105039628A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-11-11 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction process and shaft furnace |
| CN105039628B (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full coal base confesses that hot direct reduced technique and full coal base confess hot direct reduced shaft furnace |
| CN105039627A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆大学 | Coal-based direct reduction-melt separation furnace smelting reduction iron-making process using external heating mode |
| CN105385805A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process steel-making technology and steel-making device |
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Application publication date: 20131016 |