CN111961802B - Process for smelting molten steel by using high-phosphorus iron ore as raw material - Google Patents
Process for smelting molten steel by using high-phosphorus iron ore as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111961802B CN111961802B CN202010906714.4A CN202010906714A CN111961802B CN 111961802 B CN111961802 B CN 111961802B CN 202010906714 A CN202010906714 A CN 202010906714A CN 111961802 B CN111961802 B CN 111961802B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, and discloses a process for smelting molten steel by taking high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material. The invention directly uses the high-phosphorus iron ore as a steelmaking raw material, completes reduction melting and dephosphorization in one electric furnace, completes decarburization task in the other electric furnace, and finally obtains qualified molten steel. The equipment related to the process is easy to implement industrially, the system science is coupled with various key unit technologies, the high-efficiency separation of Fe/P is realized, and the industrial application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel smelting, in particular to a process for smelting molten steel by taking high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material.
Background
The high-phosphorus iron ore is a characteristic resource in China, and the total reserve is about 100 hundred million tons. By adopting the traditional blast furnace ironmaking method, almost all P in the ore enters molten iron, and the content of P in the molten iron reaches more than 1 percent. Because the converter steelmaking method is difficult to smelt the molten iron with high P content, the high-phosphorus iron ore with huge reserves in China is still 'dead ore' to date. Therefore, the development of the smelting technology of the high-phosphorus iron ore has great significance for the development of the steel industry in China and the security of national resources.
Aiming at the comprehensive utilization of high phosphorus ore, more research works are made by predecessors. The available literature and patents show that all research works use high-phosphorus iron ore as raw material of iron-making process, and whether the research relates to direct reduction (gas-based or coal-based reduction), smelting reduction, or reduction and melting separation process ideas, the goal is to obtain qualified molten iron. However, all studies show that Fe/P separation under reducing conditions is extremely difficult. Under reducing conditions, as long as the temperature exceeds 1100 ℃, P will enter the iron phase at a very fast speed unless the slag-gold separation time is controlled within a very short time (such as 120 seconds). However, such short slag-to-gold separation times are difficult to achieve on an industrial scale, and therefore, high-phosphorus iron ore has not been applied to the steel industry so far.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a process for smelting molten steel by using high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a process for smelting molten steel by taking high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material comprises the following steps:
1) adding carbon powder and lime into the high-phosphorus iron ore, adjusting the C/O molar ratio in the high-phosphorus iron ore to be 1-1.5 and the binary alkalinity R to be 1.0-1.5, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding a binder accounting for 0.5-1.0 percent of the weight of the high-phosphorus iron ore and a proper amount of water pressure to prepare pellets;
2) placing the briquette prepared in the step 1) in an electric furnace I, heating to 1500-;
3) blowing oxygen by a lower oxygen lance in the electric furnace I, simultaneously adding a slagging agent accounting for 8-20% of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore, blowing argon at the bottom for stirring, pouring liquid metal to the electric furnace II, and pouring out furnace slag;
4) and (3) adding an oxygen lance in the electric furnace II, firstly adding a slagging agent accounting for 5-15% of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore, and stirring by soft oxygen blowing and weak argon blowing at the bottom. Carrying out deep dephosphorization, continuously discharging the oxygen lance, improving the oxygen blowing intensity and the bottom argon blowing intensity, and carrying out deep decarburization treatment;
5) controlling the concentration and the temperature of C, P in the molten steel at the end point in the electric furnace II, and tapping to obtain qualified molten steel.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the iron content of the high-phosphorus iron ore of the present invention is less than 60%.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the content of the main elements in the high-phosphorus iron ore of the present invention is as follows: TFe 50-58%, Al2O3 3-5％，SiO210-15%, CaO 2-10%, MgO 0.5-2%, MnO 0.5%, P0.4%, and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
Specifically, in some embodiments, soft oxygen blowing and bottom argon blowing are adopted for weak stirring in the step 3) of the invention, and the binary alkalinity R of the end-point slag is controlled to be 1.2-1.8, Al2O35-15% of Na2O is0-2.0％。
Specifically, in some embodiments, in the step 4) of the invention, soft oxygen blowing and weak bottom argon blowing stirring are adopted in the early stage of smelting, strong oxygen blowing and strong bottom argon blowing stirring are carried out in the later stage, the binary alkalinity R of the end-point slag is controlled to be 2.5-3.0, Al is added, and the method is characterized in that2O35-15% of Na2O is 0 to 2.0 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the method provided by the invention is characterized in that high-phosphorus iron ore is directly used as a steelmaking raw material, reduction melting and dephosphorization are completed in one electric furnace, a decarburization task is completed in the other electric furnace, and finally qualified molten steel is obtained. The equipment related to the process is easy to implement industrially, the system science is coupled with various key unit technologies, the high-efficiency separation of Fe/P is realized, and the industrial application prospect is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for smelting molten steel by using high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a variation curve of C, P in the smelting process of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a process for smelting molten steel by taking high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable.
The qualified molten steel is obtained by using the high-phosphorus iron ore as the raw material, wherein the components of the high-phosphorus iron ore are shown in the following table 1. The tests were conducted in a total of two 200kg induction furnaces (with top-blown oxygen, bottom-blown argon units).
Table 1 high phosphorus iron ore composition (%)
| TFe | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | MnO | P |
| ～58％ | ～5％ | ～15％ | ～10％ | ～2％ | ～0.5％ | ～0.4％ |
Example 1 (first furnace)
1) Adding carbon powder and lime into the high-phosphorus iron ore, adjusting the C/O molar ratio in the high-phosphorus iron ore to be 1.2 and the binary alkalinity R to be 1.1, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding a binder accounting for 0.8 percent of the weight of the high-phosphorus iron ore and a proper amount of water pressure to prepare pellets;
2) placing the briquette prepared in the step 1) in an electric furnace I, heating to 1550 ℃, reducing to obtain liquid molten steel, deslagging, and removing liquid slag;
3) oxygen is blown by a lower oxygen lance in the induction furnace I, the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel surface in two tests is about 200mm-250mm, oxygen is blown for 8min in a soft mode, and argon is blown at the bottom in a weak mode for stirring. Meanwhile, adding a slag former accounting for 18 percent of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore, pouring liquid metal to an electric furnace II, and simultaneously pouring out slag components to control as a target: r1.5, (Al)2O3％)＝6％、(Na2O％)＝0.5％；
4) Adding a slagging agent accounting for 10 percent of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore into an oxygen lance in an electric furnace II, then carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment, wherein the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel surface is about 200-250 mm within 6-10 min, carrying out soft oxygen blowing, carrying out weak argon blowing at the bottom, stirring, and carrying out deep dephosphorization on the liquid metal again; after 6-10 min, the oxygen lance is lowered to the position about 100-150 mm away from the steel surface, the oxygen flow is added at the same time, the argon bottom blowing strength is added, the deep decarburization treatment is carried out, and the slag components are controlled as the target: r2.6, (Al)2O3％)＝6％、(Na2O％)＝0.5％；
5) Controlling the concentration and the temperature of C, P in the molten steel at the end point in the electric furnace II, and tapping to obtain qualified molten steel.
Example 2 (second furnace)
1) Adding carbon powder and lime into the high-phosphorus iron ore, adjusting the C/O molar ratio in the high-phosphorus iron ore to be 1.4 and the binary alkalinity R to be 1.3, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding a binder accounting for 0.6 percent of the weight of the high-phosphorus iron ore and a proper amount of water to prepare a briquette;
2) placing the pellets prepared in the step 1) in an electric furnace I, heating to 1600 ℃, reducing to obtain liquid molten steel, deslagging, and removing liquid slag;
3) oxygen is blown by a lower oxygen lance in the induction furnace I, the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel surface in two tests is about 200mm-250mm, oxygen is blown for 10min in a soft mode, and argon is blown at the bottom in a weak mode for stirring. Simultaneously adding a lime slagging agent accounting for 18 percent of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore, pouring liquid metal to an electric furnace II, and simultaneously pouring out slag components to control as a target: r1.8, (Al)2O3％)＝11％、(Na2O％)＝1.5％；
4)4) adding a lime slagging agent accounting for 10 percent of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore into an internal lower oxygen lance of the electric furnace II, and then carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment for 6min beforeIn-10min, the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel water surface is about 200mm-250mm, oxygen is blown softly, argon is blown weakly at the bottom for stirring, and the liquid metal is dephosphorized deeply again; after 6-10 min, the oxygen lance is lowered to the position about 100-150 mm away from the steel surface, the oxygen flow is added at the same time, the argon bottom blowing strength is added, the deep decarburization treatment is carried out, and the slag components are controlled as the target: r2.8, (Al)2O3％)＝12％、(Na2O％)＝0.5％；
5) Controlling the concentration and the temperature of C, P in the molten steel at the end point in the electric furnace II, and tapping to obtain qualified molten steel.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A short-process smelting process for producing qualified molten steel by taking high-phosphorus iron ore as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) adding carbon powder and lime into the high-phosphorus iron ore, adjusting the C/O molar ratio in the high-phosphorus iron ore to be 1.4 and the binary alkalinity R to be 1.3, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding a binder which accounts for 0.5-1.0 percent of the weight of the high-phosphorus iron ore and a proper amount of water pressure to prepare pellets;
2) placing the briquette prepared in the step 1) in an electric furnace I, heating to 1500-;
3) oxygen is blown by an oxygen lance arranged in the electric furnace I, and the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel water surface is 200mm-25 mm0mm, adding a slag former accounting for 8-20% of the mass of the high-phosphorus iron ore, blowing argon at the bottom of the slag former for stirring, pouring liquid metal to an electric furnace II, and pouring out furnace slag; soft oxygen blowing and bottom argon blowing are adopted for weak stirring, the binary alkalinity R of the end slag is controlled to be 1.2-1.8, and Al2O35-15% of Na2O is 0 to 2.0 percent;
4) an oxygen lance is arranged in an electric furnace II, the distance between the oxygen lance and the steel surface is 200mm-250mm, firstly, a slagging agent accounting for 5% -15% of the high-phosphorus iron minerals is added, oxygen is blown softly, and the bottom is stirred by weak argon blowing for deep dephosphorization; continuing to put the oxygen lance down to a position 100-150 mm away from the steel surface, improving the oxygen blowing strength and the bottom argon blowing strength, and carrying out deep decarburization treatment; soft oxygen blowing and weak bottom argon blowing stirring are adopted in the early stage of smelting, strong oxygen blowing and strong bottom argon blowing stirring are carried out in the later stage, the binary alkalinity R of end-point slag is controlled to be 2.5-3.0, Al2O35-15% of Na2O is 0 to 2.0 percent;
5) controlling the concentration and the temperature of C, P in the molten steel at the end point in the electric furnace II, and tapping to obtain qualified molten steel.
2. The short-run refining process for producing qualified molten steel from high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein the iron content in the high-phosphorus iron ore is less than 60%.
3. The short-process smelting process for producing qualified molten steel from high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 2, wherein the contents of main elements in the high-phosphorus iron ore are as follows: TFe 50-58%, Al2O33-5％，SiO210-15 percent of CaO, 2-10 percent of CaO, 0.5-2 percent of MgO, 0.5 percent of MnO, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of P, and the balance of inevitable impurities.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101643811A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2010-02-10 | 昆明钢铁控股有限公司 | Method for producing low-phosphorous molten iron by high-phosphorous reduced iron |
| CN101914648A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2010-12-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing low-phosphorus molten iron by utilizing oxygen-enriched top blown to carry out melting reduction on high-phosphorus iron ore |
| CN104805280A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Technology for producing metal furnace burden for high-quality electric furnace by coal-based method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101643811A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2010-02-10 | 昆明钢铁控股有限公司 | Method for producing low-phosphorous molten iron by high-phosphorous reduced iron |
| CN101914648A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2010-12-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing low-phosphorus molten iron by utilizing oxygen-enriched top blown to carry out melting reduction on high-phosphorus iron ore |
| CN104805280A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Technology for producing metal furnace burden for high-quality electric furnace by coal-based method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 富氧顶吹熔融还原高磷铁矿中的磷的行为;魏可等;《过程工程学报》;20130228;第13卷(第1期);第78-82页 * |
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