CN108624735B - Method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter - Google Patents
Method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108624735B CN108624735B CN201810339419.8A CN201810339419A CN108624735B CN 108624735 B CN108624735 B CN 108624735B CN 201810339419 A CN201810339419 A CN 201810339419A CN 108624735 B CN108624735 B CN 108624735B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting process method of a steel process flow, in particular to a method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter, which comprises the following steps: adopting single slag operation under the conditions that Si is more than or equal to 0.55 percent and less than or equal to 0.8 percent and P is more than or equal to 0.17 percent and less than or equal to 0.22 percent of molten iron entering the furnace; the temperature of molten iron is more than 1250 ℃, and the scrap steel ratio is more than 25 percent; and adding a small amount of slag materials into the smelting model to control the adding amount of auxiliary materials. When the Si content in the molten iron fed into the converter is more than or equal to 0.6% or P content is more than or equal to 0.12%, the converter adopts a duplex method or a double-slag method. The invention is operated under the condition of no molten iron 'three-removal' pretreatment and converter duplex dephosphorization, adopts a single slag method, realizes the premise that the consumption of the converter lime is less than 40kg/t and the total consumption of new slag materials is less than 70kg/t, and simultaneously ensures that when the smelting end point [ C ] is more than or equal to 0.065 percent, the [ P ] is less than 0.012 percent. The method can effectively reduce the consumption of new slag materials during the smelting of the high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter, is beneficial to reducing the generation of industrial wastes, and reduces the production cost of ton steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smelting control method for a steel process flow, in particular to a method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter.
Background
The blast furnace smelting process belongs to a reducing atmosphere, phosphorus in blast furnace raw materials (iron ore, sinter, pellets, coke, lime and the like) is reduced into molten iron, and the dephosphorization cannot be realized in the blast furnace smelting process. Under the condition of no molten iron 'three-removal' pretreatment, phosphorus in the molten iron is mainly removed by oxidation in a converter. The blast furnace molten iron directly enters a converter for blowing, and the converter not only needs to decarbonize and heat up, but also needs to take the tasks of desiliconization and dephosphorization because the molten iron contains higher elements such as Si and P. The silicon content of molten iron is high, a large amount of lime is required to be added to produce high-alkalinity slag, and the amount of converter slag is increased; in addition, the addition of the high-silicon and high-phosphorus molten iron usually needs auxiliary analysis by means of a sublance and other temperature and component measuring equipment so as to ensure that the phosphorus content in the steel is reduced to the required level of the steel grade, and provides severe test for the operation of a converter worker. This large slag blowing process results in low metal yield, high solvent consumption, gun sticking and severe splashing. The presence of these problems greatly increases the steel-making cost. Currently, the reduction of steel making costs has been a priority and an urgent problem to be solved by the steel industry oriented by the market.
For a converter smelting process of single slag, the defect of slow slagging of lime is overcome through gun position control, auxiliary material adding time adjustment and slag retention operation, early-stage alkalinity is improved under the low-temperature dephosphorization favorable condition in the early stage of converter blowing, and early-stage dephosphorization rate is improved; meanwhile, the consumption of auxiliary materials can be further reduced through recycling of tailings and reasonable process optimization. Therefore, the adding proportion of the auxiliary material types can be reasonably adjusted under the condition of meeting the requirement of the phosphorus content of the end-point tapping steel, so that the end-point slag alkalinity is ensured, the consumption of lime and dolomite is reduced, the end-point dephosphorization rate is ensured, and the consumption of the amount of the slag per ton is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter. The method makes full use of the slag left at the upper furnace end point and adds the industrial waste tailings, so as to further optimize the process operation, promote the lower furnace converter to form slag as soon as possible and reduce the consumption of slag materials.
A method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process comprises the following steps: high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron without pretreatment of molten iron 'three-removal' → single slag smelting of a top-bottom combined blown converter → slag remaining at the end point after tapping of the converter → slag splashing protection; the top-bottom combined blown converter adopts the single slag remaining operation, and realizes that the phosphorus content of the molten steel is less than 0.012 percent when the converter taps steel on the premise of low slag charge consumption.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
s01, adopting single slag operation, wherein Si is more than or equal to 0.55% and less than or equal to 0.8% in molten iron fed into the furnace, and P is more than or equal to 0.17% and less than or equal to 0.22%;
s02, adding a small amount of slag materials into the smelting model to control the addition of auxiliary materials: the total adding amount of lime, dolomite, tailings and sludge balls is less than or equal to 70 kg/t;
s03, the charging temperature of molten iron is more than 1250 ℃, and the scrap steel ratio is more than 25%;
s04, top blowing gun position: lowering the lance position to 1900-; during the decarburization, a 2100- 2110mm lance position is adopted, the lance position is kept for 5.5-6.5 minutes, then the 1895- 1900mm lance position is kept for 2-2.5 minutes, and after the lance is pressed for about 30 seconds, the lance is lifted, the temperature is measured, and the steel is tapped.
S05, bottom blowing strength: the early-stage control of the bottom blowing strength to be 0.05m3V (min. t), middle 0.03m3V (min. t), late stage 0.05m3/(min·t)；
S06, slag control: the alkalinity of the slag at the early stage of smelting is controlled to be about 2.0, and the dephosphorization rate at the early stage is ensured to be more than 60%; the alkalinity of the final slag is about 3.2, and the iron oxide content of the final slag is 14-20%;
s07, end point control target: the carbon content of the steel tapping is more than 0.065 percent, the phosphorus content of the steel tapping is less than 0.012 percent,
s08, tapping and slag remaining: the amount of slag remaining is according to the end point P2O5The selective residue retention of percent content can adopt the operation of completely retaining the residue, semi-retaining the residue and not retaining the residue; when the end point P is2O5The percentage is more than 3.8 percent, and no slag is left; when the end point is 3.0 percent to be less than or equal to P2O5Less than 3.8 percent, adopting half-retained slag when the slag amount is more than 10 tons, and adopting full-retained slag when the slag amount is less than 8 tons.
Further, step S02 specifically includes the following steps:
s021, adding a primary slag charge formed by mixing lime, dolomite and tailings into the converter while blowing, wherein the addition amount is 45kg per ton of steel charge (molten iron and scrap steel), namely 45 kg/t; wherein, the dolomite and the tailings are added when the furnace is opened, and the adding amount of the lime is properly adjusted according to the furnace temperature, the slag remaining condition on the furnace and the condition of molten iron;
s022, after 30 percent of oxygen is blown, adding proper amount of lime and sludge balls into the converter according to the condition of slagging, wherein the adding amount is 15-20 kg/t.
Further, 15-18kg/t of dolomite and 8-10kg/t of tailings are added while blowing is carried out; adding 12-17kg/t lime within 1 minute of blowing; adding 8-13kg/t of lime and 3-8kg/t of pellet ore according to the actual converter slag temperature and viscosity specific conditions after blowing 30% of oxygen.
Furthermore, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in lime is less than or equal to 0.034%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in dolomite is less than or equal to 0.034%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in tailings is less than or equal to 1.39%, and the content of phosphorus pentoxide in sludge balls is less than or equal to 0.033%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the method is simple and convenient to operate and easy to master, and under the condition of no hot metal 'three-removal' pretreatment and converter duplex dephosphorization, single slag operation is adopted according to the condition of high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron entering the furnace, the furnace is not turned over in the smelting process, and the control requirements that the lime consumption of the converter is less than 40kg/t and the total slag charge consumption is less than 70kg/t are met. Compared with the duplex and double slag method, the method has the advantages of no furnace reversal, fast production rhythm, simple operation, easy mastering and high scrap steel ratio.
(2) The scrap steel ratio of the invention is more than 25%. Provides a method for improving the adding amount of the converter scrap steel, is beneficial to improving the metal yield and reducing the production cost.
(3) The auxiliary materials of the invention are added with the tailings and the sludge balls, which is beneficial to the reutilization of industrial wastes, in particular the tailings. The tailings are slag materials with total iron content of 15 percent after the converter slag is subjected to magnetic separation; the sludge balls are recycled for re-ball preparation for converter smoke dust.
(4) The invention can realize that [ P ] < 0.012% when the smelting end point [ C ] of the converter is more than or equal to 0.065%, and the converter slag charge has low addition amount and high metal yield, and can effectively reduce the cost of steel per ton.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
105t of molten iron, and 32t of scrap steel is added. The Si content of the molten iron is 0.6591 percent, the P content of the molten iron is 0.179 percent, the temperature of the molten iron is 1373 ℃, and the operation of adding the tailings by adopting a single-slag remaining method is adopted. Meanwhile, about 5t of upper furnace final slag is left in the heat, 29.4kg/t of lime, 18kg/t of dolomite and 12kg/t of tailings are added while blowing, and 10kg/t of lime is added before 30% of oxygen blowing. The total slag charge is 69.4kg/t. The end point P was 0.0129%.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting low-phosphorus steel by a previous furnace slag-remaining and single-slag method, and leaving about 5t of high-oxidizability furnace slag in the furnace after tapping;
(2) the molten iron feeding condition is controlled to be between 0.55 and 0.8 percent of Si and between 0.18 and 0.22 percent of P;
(3) adding auxiliary materials, namely adding 29.4kg/t of lime, 18kg/t of dolomite and 12kg/t of tailings at the same time of blowing, and adding 10kg/t of lime before blowing 30 percent of oxygen. The total slag charge is 69.4kg/t.
(4) And controlling the gun position in the process: blowing, namely reducing the gun position to 1905mm for blowing, keeping for 3 minutes, rapidly melting slag, keeping the gun position of 2107mm for 6 minutes during decarburization, keeping the gun position of 1897mm for 2 minutes, lifting the gun after the pressure is 30 seconds, measuring the temperature and tapping;
(5) bottom blowing flow control: dephosphorization period N2Bottom blowing flow 0.05Nm3H, decarburization period N2Bottom blowing flow 0.03Nm3About/h, and Ar controls bottom blowing at 0.05Nm in later smelting period3/h；
(6) And (3) end point control: the carbon content of the steel is 0.08 percent, the phosphorus content of the steel is 0.012 percent, the end point slag alkalinity is 3.1, and the iron oxide content of the final slag is 16 percent;
through the control, when the molten steel meeting the component requirements is smelted, the operation of slag remaining and single slag method is adopted, and the amount of slag charge per ton of steel is controlled to be 70 kg/t.
Example 2
104.5t of molten iron, and 32t of scrap steel. The difference between this example and example 1 lies in the amount of slag charge to be added, the tapping temperature and the final carbon content. The Si content of the molten iron is 0.59 percent, the end point P content is 0.1879 percent, the temperature of the molten iron is 1360 ℃, and the operation is carried out by adopting a slag remaining and single slag method. Meanwhile, about 5t of final slag of the last furnace is left in the furnace, 16kg/t of lime and 16.6kg/t of dolomite are added while blowing is started, 18kg/t of lime, 16.6kg/t of dolomite and 2kg/t of pellet ore are added before 30% of oxygen blowing, the end point C is 0.09%, and the end point P is 0.012%. The total slag charge is 69.2 kg/t.
Example 3
104.66t molten iron, 31t scrap steel is added. The difference between this example and example 1 lies in the amount of slag charge to be added, the tapping temperature and the final carbon content. The Si content of the molten iron is 0.5788 percent, the end point P content is 0.170 percent, the temperature of the molten iron is 1360 ℃, and the operation is carried out by adopting a slag remaining and single slag method. Meanwhile, the last furnace time final slag is left for about 5t, 33kg/t lime, 11.8kg/t dolomite and 12kg/t tailings are added while blowing is carried out; 5kg/t dolomite and 8kg/t pellet ore are added before 30% oxygen blowing, the end point C is 0.09%, and the end point P is 0.0119%. The total slag charge is 69.8 g/t.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The above embodiments are random examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the claims of the present invention, and any other modifications or other equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) adopting single slag operation, controlling the content of Si in the molten iron fed into the furnace to be more than or equal to 0.55 percent and less than or equal to 0.8 percent, and the content of P in the molten iron fed into the furnace to be more than or equal to 0.17 percent and less than or equal to 0.22 percent; (2) adopting a small amount of slag materials to be added into a smelting model to control the adding amount of auxiliary materials: the total adding amount of lime, dolomite, tailings and sludge balls is less than or equal to 70 kg/t; (3) temperature measuring and component measuring equipment such as a sublance and the like are not used in the whole converting process, one sublance is arranged to the bottom, and the steelmaking efficiency is improved; (4) top-blowing gun position: blowing is carried out by lowering the lance position to 1905mm, keeping for 3 minutes, rapidly melting slag, using 2107mm lance position during decarburization, keeping for 6 minutes, keeping for 2 minutes at 1897mm lance position, lifting the lance after 30 seconds of pressure, measuring temperature and tapping. (5) Bottom-blow life and strength: (6) the early stage control target: controlling the alkalinity at the early stage of smelting to be about 2.0 and the dephosphorization rate to be more than 60 percent; (7) end point control target: carbon content of steel>0.065% tapping phosphorus<0.012 percent, the end point slag alkalinity is about 3.2 percent, and the end slag ferric oxide is 14 to 20 percent(ii) a (8) Tapping and slag remaining: the amount of slag remaining is according to the end point P2O5The selective residue retention of percent content can adopt the operation of completely retaining the residue, semi-retaining the residue and not retaining the residue;
in order to more fully illustrate the effect of the invention, practical test data are used for relevant description, the 120t top-bottom combined blown converter single slag remaining method is matched with tailings to smelt low-phosphorus steel, and the consumption of slag charge of converters with different heats is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 converter slag charge consumption
In each heat, the lime of the converter is less than 40kg/t, and the total slag charge is less than 70kg/t, so that the control target of less converter slag charge is realized.
The method has simple process flow and convenient operation, and can effectively realize the aim of reducing the addition of the converter slag charge.
Claims (4)
1. A method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of a high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process comprises the following steps: high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron without pretreatment of molten iron 'three-removal' → single slag smelting of a top-bottom combined blown converter → slag remaining at the end point after tapping of the converter → slag splashing protection; the top-bottom combined blown converter adopts the single slag remaining operation, and realizes that the phosphorus content of the molten steel is less than 0.012 percent when the converter taps steel on the premise of low slag charge consumption;
the specific operation steps are as follows:
s01, adopting single slag operation, wherein Si is more than or equal to 0.55% and less than or equal to 0.8% in molten iron fed into the furnace, and P is more than or equal to 0.17% and less than or equal to 0.22%;
s02, adding a small amount of slag materials into the smelting model to control the addition of auxiliary materials: the total adding amount of lime, dolomite, tailings and sludge balls is less than or equal to 70 kg/t;
s03, the charging temperature of molten iron is more than 1250 ℃, and the scrap steel ratio is more than 25%;
s04, top blowing gun position: lowering the lance position to 1900-; during decarburization, a 2100 + 2110mm gun position is adopted, the gun position is kept for 5.5-6.5 minutes, then 1895 + 1900mm gun position is kept for 2-2.5 minutes, the gun is lifted after being pressed for 30 seconds, temperature is measured, and steel tapping is carried out;
s05, bottom blowing strength: the early-stage control of the bottom blowing strength to be 0.05m3V (min. t), middle 0.03m3V (min. t), late stage 0.05m3/(min·t)；
S06, slag control: the alkalinity of the slag at the early stage of smelting is controlled to be 2.0, and the early-stage dephosphorization rate is ensured to be more than 60%; the alkalinity of the final slag is 3.2, and the iron oxide content of the final slag is 14-20%;
s07, end point control target: the carbon content of the steel tapping is more than 0.065 percent, and the phosphorus content of the steel tapping is less than 0.012 percent;
s08, tapping and slag remaining: the amount of slag remaining is according to the end point P2O5Selectively remaining slag according to percentage content, and adopting operations of completely remaining slag, semi-remaining slag and not remaining slag; when the end point P is2O5The percentage is more than 3.8 percent, and no slag is left; when the end point is 3.0 percent to be less than or equal to P2O5Less than 3.8 percent, adopting half-retained slag when the slag amount is more than 10 tons, and adopting full-retained slag when the slag amount is less than 8 tons.
2. The method for smelting the low-phosphorus steel based on the low slag charge consumption of the high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter according to claim 1, wherein the step S02 specifically comprises the following steps:
s021, adding a primary slag charge formed by mixing lime, dolomite and tailings into the converter while blowing, wherein the addition amount is 45kg per ton of steel and iron charge, namely 45kg/t, and the steel and iron charge is molten iron and scrap steel; wherein, the dolomite and the tailings are added when the furnace is opened, and the adding amount of the lime is properly adjusted according to the furnace temperature, the slag remaining condition on the furnace and the condition of molten iron;
s022, after 30 percent of oxygen is blown, adding proper amount of lime and sludge balls into the converter according to the condition of slagging, wherein the adding amount is 15-20 kg/t.
3. The method for smelting the low-phosphorus steel based on the low slag charge consumption of the high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter according to claim 2, characterized in that 15-18kg/t of dolomite and 8-10kg/t of tailings are added while blowing; adding 12-17kg/t lime within 1 minute of blowing; adding 8-13kg/t of lime and 3-8kg/t of pellet ore according to the actual converter slag temperature and viscosity specific conditions after blowing 30% of oxygen.
4. The method for smelting low-phosphorus steel based on low slag charge consumption of the high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron converter according to claim 3, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide in lime is less than or equal to 0.034%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in dolomite is less than or equal to 0.034%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in tailings is less than or equal to 1.39%, and the content of phosphorus pentoxide in sludge balls is less than or equal to 0.033%.
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| CN109280731B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-11-06 | 北京科技大学 | Method for producing steel with converter end point P less than or equal to 0.01% by smelting high-phosphorus molten iron by adopting less slag materials |
| CN109778054B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-02-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Process method for producing ultralow-phosphorus steel by using high-phosphorus molten iron |
| CN110079639A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-02 | 成渝钒钛科技有限公司 | A kind of method that steelmaking converter reduces slag charge |
| CN111411300B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2022-03-22 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for producing nickel-based steel by using high-phosphorus molten iron |
| CN112442574A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-05 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | High-silicon molten iron single slag control method |
| CN113322364B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-17 | 莱芜钢铁集团银山型钢有限公司 | Low-cost smelting method of ultra-high phosphorus molten iron of steel for polar region |
| CN113930575B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-11-04 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Converter double-slag smelting method for high-silicon high-phosphorus molten iron |
| CN115044730B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-08 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Control method for 150t converter high-phosphorus high-silicon double-slag model |
| CN115261549B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-09-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Control method for 150t converter high-phosphorus high-silicon single slag model |
| CN115109887B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-28 | 北京科技大学 | Converter smelting process selection method |
| CN115323098B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-08-22 | 北京科技大学 | High scrap ratio converter smelting process for producing high grade steel |
| CN115807145B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-03-08 | 天津钢铁集团有限公司 | Control method for adjusting temperature by utilizing tailings |
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| CN102230052B (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Top-bottom combined blowing converter technology for high-carbon low-phosphor molten steel with single-slag process |
| CN103540707B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-11-11 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Entirely stay slag-single slag process converter smelting method |
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