CN102127610B - Ironmaking equipment and process for direct smelting reduction of iron ore - Google Patents
Ironmaking equipment and process for direct smelting reduction of iron ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ironmaking process and an ironmaking device for direct smelting reduction of iron ore. After a slag molten pool with a thick slag layer is formed in a smelting furnace, the iron ore is subjected to direct ironmaking by three-stage composite blowing and four-area smelting reduction technologies. A high pressure coal spray gun sprays high-quality coal dust or coke powder into a molten iron molten pool, a carbon-oxygen lance sprays coal dust and oxygen into the middle of molten slag, an oxygen lance sprays oxygen into the upper part of the molten slag, and a first molten pool reduction area, a second reduction area, a third moderate oxidation molten slag melting area and a fourth high oxidation high temperature melting area are respectively formed; the iron ore is preheated to the temperature of between 600 and 1,200DEG C and added into thick molten slag to be quickly molten into liquid iron oxide, iron oxide drops fall and pass through three areas to the first area, and are heated and quickly reduced, and the qualified molten iron is produced. The invention has the advantages of high efficiency, high thermal efficiency, long service life of the furnace, short flow, suitability for production continuity and automatic control, equipment and capital investment conservation, land conservation, energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technique of iron, relate in particular to a kind of producing and manufacturing technique and device, belong to technical field of ferrous metallurgy with the direct fused reduction iron-smelting of iron ore.
Background technology
For solving deficient day by day coking coal resource problem and environmental issue; The scientists of field of metallurgy is constantly being inquired into various ironmaking or method for making steel without coke; Develop jointly the direct reduction process of pellet sintering equipment (Fastmet) like Itmk3 " third generation iron smelting method " Japanese kobe steel and U.S.'s Midland (Midrex) company, MIDREX, HYL method and the coal that with the Sweet natural gas is reductive agent is the kiln process, shaft furnace process of reductive agent etc.Melting and reducing mainly is to produce molten iron-converter steelmaking flow process method with mill coal; Mainly contain AUSIRON, HISMELT, DIOS, ROMELT, CCF, AISI, CLEANMELT, COREX, FINEX etc.; Most of smelting reduction process also are in development; The COREX iron-smelting process has built up 6-7 bar production line, and some factories such as item, South Africa, India moved more than 10 years at the Pu, especially the COREX-2000 in South Africa; The FINEXCOREX of Pu item, the COREX-3000 that Chinese Baosteel is introduced.HISMELT technology has been developed maturation, receives at Australian Kun Na and has built one 800,000 tons factory, trys out at present, and SRV melting reduction furnace breeze needs just can spray into the molten bath, have problems such as investment is big, heat transfer efficiency is low with powerful spray gun.
One Chinese patent application 02116882.2 discloses a kind of coal-iron ore microwave reduction and electric furnace steel-making method and apparatus, and this method production efficiency is low, is difficult to large-scale production; One Chinese patent application 86105494 discloses brown coal pre-reduction of ore direct steelmaking stocking, is that ore is processed sponge iron earlier, again by Electric furnace steel making, rerolls into steel, and efficiency of energy utilization and production efficiency are low; One Chinese patent application 200610040303.1 discloses the method with the induction furnace direct steelmaking, and energy consumption is high, production efficiency is low; One Chinese patent application 200610040696.6 disclose mixture block with powdered iron ore and pulverized anthracite utilize converter direct steelmaking method and one Chinese patent application 200610040838.9 disclose method that the compound with iron scale and pulverized anthracite utilizes electric furnace direct steel-making method and one Chinese patent application 87101210 to disclose a kind of iron ore direct steelmaking be meant by iron ore concentrate, mill coal and solvent make without any reductive cold bound pellet; Be added to the method for making steel in the modern industry steel melting furnace; The reduction of iron ore efficient of these methods is low; Energy consumption is high, and production efficiency is low; One Chinese patent application 92113519.X discloses the method and apparatus with the ore direct steelmaking; Be earlier ore to be reduced into sponge iron with reducing gas; Then with high-temperature sponge iron with the isolated situation of ambient atmosphere under send in the melting chamber and melt, add the method that slag former is removed harmful element again, energy consumption is high; Production efficiency is low, does not see the report of industrialization.
The serialization that one Chinese patent application 86106417 blast furnace continuous steelmakings and system steel are produced proposes to improve blast furnace and makes the method that fuel and reductive agent directly are smelt steel with pure oxygen and pressure gasifying gas, does not see the report of industrialization.One Chinese patent application 87104957.0 continuous steelmaking techniques and equipment are established a kind of continuous steelmaking technique of forehearth, slot type furnace and back stove, raw materials usedly remain blast-melted, and efficient is low, and cost is high.200810238696.6 1 kinds of continuous steelmaking from ferriferous material process methodes of one Chinese patent application and device; Proposed to be injected to coal dust and oxygen on the slag interface of middle and lower part of slag; The prereduction metallized pellet of 900 ℃～1000 ℃ of rotary hearth furnace prereduction 70-97% (degree of metalization) fusion and reductive process method and device in slag; This process method has realized in slag, burning the efficiently utilization of high temperature pre-reduced pellet heat, coal dust and oxygen and has had the purpose of higher thermo-efficiency; But the hyperoxia voltinism that in the thick slag of 600-1200mm, should keep slag obtains high calorie fusion pelletizing; Reduction keeps the high reductibility reducing iron oxides of slag, and it is a pair of science contradiction that is difficult to coordinate that melting slag also will possess good mobility to provide the dynamic conditions of reaction, and the rotary hearth furnace thermosteresis is up to 20% simultaneously; Influenced system-wide thermo-efficiency; Industrial scale is little, and existence can only be used for pre-reduced pellet, and then coal consumption and cost will increase substantially and cut technical deficiencies such as can't realizing melting and reducing if be used for acid pellet.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide the direct fused reduction iron-smelting equipment of a kind of iron ore.
Another object of the present invention provides the process method of the direct fused reduction iron-smelting of a kind of iron ore.
The process method and the device of the direct fused reduction iron-smelting of iron ore that the present invention proposes; Direct production goes out the qualified molten iron of C content 4.2～4.5%, phosphorus content＜0.015%, sulphur content＜0.050%, silicone content＜0.05%, manganese content＜0.05%, and a kind of brand-new high quality iron-smelting process is provided.
The present invention proposes the direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction method of a kind of brand-new iron ore, i.e. three grades of composite blowings, four district's melting and reducings technology.At first form thick slag and iron bath in the smelting furnace; Smelting furnace is implemented three grades of composite blowings; (fixed carbon content is more than 77% super sea coal in one-level high pressure coal rifle winding-up district; Sulphur is low as far as possible) or the coke powder high pressure spray in the iron bath with slag iron interface on, on slag iron interface, molten bath, form satiety carbon molten iron and whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, pyrocarbon particulate first district arranged; Spray into the coal or the coke powder at iron bath and slag iron interface, CO and pyrocarbon particle that reduction FeO produces move upward, and in carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district 0.8m-1.0m zone slag, are formed with a large amount of CO and slag reduction zone, pyrocarbon particulate second district; Secondary carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district sprays into coal dust and oxygen to the slag middle part from 1.0-1.2m place, slag iron interface simultaneously; The heat that the coal dust oxygen combustion produces all by in the high-temperature slag (1650-1750 ℃) of oxidisability (40-55%) absorb, form oxidisability slag heating zone in the 3rd district; Three grades of oxygen lance sprayings blow the district and spray into oxygen to slag top from 1.7-1.8m place, slag iron interface; So far burnt by oxygen by the high pressure coal rifle of bottom and the CO and the rising of residue pyrocarbon particle of carbon-oxygen gun generation in the slag; The high calorie that produces is all absorbed by the high-temperature slag of high oxidation degree (75-100%) (1400-1600 ℃), forms high oxidation degree fusion heating zone, the 4th district; The top in high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district is because the fusion heat absorption of iron ore stone that constantly adds or pelletizing (being preheating to 1000-1200 ℃), and making the 4th district's upper half mainly is iron ore heating and melting district, its temperature decrease (1400-1500 ℃); Bottom half mainly is high oxidation degree slag heating zone (1500-1600 ℃).Promptly form from top to bottom oxidisability reduce gradually, by being oxidized to strong reductive fusion by force and reducing four thick slag districts, its oxidisability curve is as shown in Figure 2.
The 10-50mm iron ore stone of proportion 1.8-2.2; Through being preheating to 1000-1200 ℃; Utilize high temperature string jar feeding equipment to join smelting furnace slag the 4th district's upper half iron ore rapid heating melting zone; Iron ore get into and float in the thick slag (proportion is 2.5-2.7) of topmost and by rapid heating, be fused into liquid iron oxide compound (1400-1500 ℃); Liquid iron oxide compound (proportion is 4.5) falls to passing oxygen lance spraying and blows high oxidation degree heat district, district and be rapidly heated (1500-1600 ℃), passes in the 3rd district of carbon-oxygen gun winding-up oxidisability slag heating zone and continues to heat up (1600-1750 ℃), passes slag reduction zone, second district quilt and progressively reduces; Reduction has absorbed a large amount of heats makes temperature progressively reduce (1500-1600 ℃); Get into whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, first district by whole reduction, produce qualified molten iron (1450-1470 ℃), molten iron directly supplies the continuous steelmaking oxidized still by " second shape " excessive iron mouth.The smelting and rducing iron ores temperature curve is as shown in Figure 2.
The proportion of thick slag also from top to bottom, progressively increased by 2.5-5.6.Thick slag top is because iron ore fusion heat absorption and bottom reduction reaction are absorbed heat, and it is low that the temperature of thick slag forms the upper/lower terminal temperature, and the centre and the high regularity of distribution of middle and upper part temperature are as shown in Figure 2.
Explanation of nouns:
Three grades of composite blowings: be meant that high pressure coal rifle, carbon-oxygen gun and oxygen rifle respectively from thick slag different height, spray into iron bath, thick slag middle part and top to coal dust or coal oxygen or oxygen simultaneously, have formed four heating and melting reduction zones from bottom to top.
Four district's melting and reducings: be meant form from top to bottom in the smelting furnace 4 district's oxidisabilities reduce gradually, by being oxidized to strong reductive heating and melting and reduction zone by force, i.e. supersaturation and to be dissolved with whole reduction zone (A), interface, molten bath, pyrocarbon particulate first district, in molten iron and slag interface and above 0.8m-1.0m slag, to form CO gas and pyrocarbon particulate second district slag reduction zone (B), oxidisability be that oxidisability slag heating zone (C) in 40%～55% the 3rd district, oxidisability are 75%～100% the 4th high oxidation degree heating and melting district, district (D).
The present invention provides a kind of iron ore direct fused reduction iron-smelting device, comprises that smelting furnace (5), high temperature material add system, slag notch (9), tap hole (10) and three grades of composite blowing systems and form; Smelting furnace (5) top furnace roof and high temperature material add system and link to each other with gas exit (4), and melting furnace wall is equipped with slag notch (9), " B-mode " iron notch (10), puts iron mouth (11), continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) and three grades of composite blowing systems;
Preferably, the high temperature charging system comprises successively: tandem tank type distributor (6), skip car (7), track (8); Skip car (7) operates on the track (8); Wherein tandem tank type distributor (6) links to each other with the furnace roof of smelting furnace (5).
Preferably, three grades of multiple platform injection systems comprise high pressure coal spouting gun (1), carbon-oxygen gun (2) and oxygen rifle (3) from bottom to top successively.
Preferably, said high pressure coal spouting gun (1) heart portion pipeline is that super sea coal or coke powder, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.Preferably, high pressure coal spouting gun (1) inserts the scum interface in the slag by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9), is removable, and according to the size and the smelting needs of stove, those skilled in the art can select to install 2 to 16 rifles, is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.Preferably, the high pressure coal spouting gun becomes the α angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the α angle is 15～45 degree angles.
Preferably; Iron ore stone (5-50mm) can directly be used for this technology;, sintering dust separation ash grey less than the powdered iron ore of 5mm, iron scale, blast furnace dedusting ash, converter dust-removing ash, electric stove dust or the like ferrous material all can produce pelletizing; Be preheating to 1000-1200 ℃ through improved belt type roasting machine or equipment such as grate kiln or shaft furnace again, add smelting furnace then.
Preferably, the heart portion pipeline of said carbon-oxygen gun (2) is that oxygen, middle part pipeline are that coal dust, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use; Or oxygen channel and pulverized coal channel side by side, external pipe is that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.Carbon-oxygen gun (2) can be through control COR, the oxidisability (45-55%) in oxidisability slag district in the control.Preferably; Carbon-oxygen gun (2) is inserted by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9) and leaves 1.0-1.2m place, slag iron interface in the slag, is removable, according to the size and the smelting needs of stove; Those skilled in the art can select to install 2 to 16 rifles, is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.Preferably, carbon-oxygen gun becomes the β angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the β angle is 20～50 degree angles.
Preferably, described oxygen rifle (3) heart portion pipeline is that oxygen, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.Preferred oxygen rifle (3) is inserted in the slag from 1.7-1.8m place, slag iron interface by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9); Be removable; According to the size and smelting needs of stove, those skilled in the art can select to install 2 to 16 rifles, is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.Preferably, the oxygen rifle becomes the γ angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the γ angle is 40～70 degree angles.
Preferably, smelting furnace (5) molten bath district is that cylindrical, slag district is that truncated cone-shaped, slag upper space are cylindrical stoves; Preferably, the cylindrical volume of slag upper space be slag district truncated cone-shaped volume 3-5 doubly; Be provided with in the bottom of smelting furnace and put iron mouth (11), use when supplying overhaul.Preferably, the truncated cone-shaped in slag district is up big and down small circular platform type, and the circle diameter of upper surface is 1.5～3 times of lower surface circle diameter.
Preferably, the shell of smelting furnace (5) shell and " B-mode " iron notch (10) all adopts the water cooled furnace wall structure, and furnace campaign can be reached more than 20 years.
Preferably, continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) comprising: continuous steelmaking oxidized still body of heater (124), flux tandem tank type distributor (121), top blow oxygen lance (122), BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick (125) and oxidized still gas exit (123); Continuous steelmaking oxidized still body of heater (124) through " B-mode " iron notch link to each other with smelting furnace (5), flux tandem tank type distributor (121) joins the continuous steelmaking oxidized still to sludging flux; Top blow oxygen lance (122); BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick (125), oxidized still gas exit (123) link to each other with smelting furnace gas exit (4) and keep continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) consistent with smelting furnace (5) pressure.
The present invention provides a kind of iron ore direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, comprises the steps:
1) at first forms the dark iron bath of 0.8～1.0m in the smelting furnace, form the thick slag of 1.9～2.0m above the iron bath;
2) three grades of composite blowings, four district's melting and reducings technology:
One-level winding-up: high pressure coal rifle winding-up district super sea coal or coke powder high pressure spray in the iron bath with slag iron interface on, on slag iron interface, molten bath, form satiety carbon molten iron and the reduction zone (A) at end, interface, molten bath, first district of pyrocarbon particle (1450～1500 ℃) arranged; Spray into the coal or the coke powder at iron bath and slag iron interface; CO and pyrocarbon particle that reduction FeO produces move upward; In the slag of 0.8m-1.0m zone, carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district, be formed with a large amount of CO and pyrocarbon particulate second district slag reduction zone (B), the make progress downward power of power and liquid iron oxide compound (proportion 4.5) of this district CO and pyrocarbon particulate is that reduction reaction provides sufficient dynamic conditions;
The secondary winding-up: carbon-oxygen gun sprays into coal dust and oxygen to the slag middle part apart from 1.0～1.2m place, slag iron interface simultaneously; The heat that the coal dust oxygen combustion produces dirt is all absorbed by 1650～1750 ℃ high-temperature slag; Rapid heating proportion 4.5 is the ferriferous oxide of descending liquid state fast; Form oxidisability slag heating zone (C) in the 3rd district, oxidisability 40-55%;
Three grades of winding-ups: the oxygen rifle sprays into oxygen to slag top apart from 1.7～1.8m place, slag iron interface; CO in the oxygen combustion slag and pyrocarbon particle; The heat that produces is absorbed by slag; Producing oxidisability is the high-temperature slag (temperature is 1400-1600 ℃) of 75-100%, and intensification provides enough heat and heat transfer power with liquid iron oxide compound rapid heating for the Flashmelt of iron ore, forms the 4th high oxidation degree heating and melting district, district (D);
The slag top i.e. the top in high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district; Because 1000～1200 ℃ iron ore stone that constantly adds or the fusion of pelletizing heat absorption; Make the 4th to divide into two portions up and down, promptly upper half (D1) mainly is iron ore heating and melting district under high oxidation degree slag, and the power that a large amount of CO2 and CO, N2 rise fully stirs slag and iron ore; Form the condition of science fully of heat transfer and chemical reaction; Because it is 1400-1550 ℃ that a large amount of heat absorptions of iron ore fusion make this district temperature, the quick dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere of fused iron ore ability in the slag of low temperature and high oxidation degree, so this technology its stronger dephosphorizing capacity is arranged; Bottom half (D2) mainly is high oxidation degree slag heating zone (1550-1600 ℃), to the liquid iron oxide compound rapid heating of fused iron ore formation.
3) 10-50mm, proportion are 1.8～2.2 iron ore stone; Through being preheating to 1000-1200 ℃; Utilize high temperature string jar feeding equipment to join top, smelting furnace the 4th district; Iron ore gets into and the proportion at topmost of floating is in 2.5～2.7 the thick slag, is fused into 1400～1500 ℃ liquid iron oxide compound by rapid heating, and proportion is that 4.5 liquid iron oxide compound falls to passing the high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district that oxygen lance spraying blows the district and is rapidly heated to 1500-1600 ℃; Pass in the 3rd district in carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district oxidisability slag heating zone and continue to be warming up to 1650-1750 ℃; Pass slag reduction zone, second district by progressively reduction,, get into whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, first district by whole reduction because the reduction thermo-negative reaction makes temperature progressively be reduced to 1500-1600 ℃; Produce 1450～1470 ℃ qualified molten iron, molten iron is by " second shape " excessive iron confession continuous steelmaking oxidized still.When the thick slag of smelting furnace reaches 3.0-3.5m when thick, stop reinforcedly beginning to slag tap after 3 minutes, slag arrives 1.9～2.0m when thick, stops to slag tap, and continues the smelting of next cycle;
4) when step 3) is carried out, add the flux slag making to smelting furnace, to desulfurizing iron, dephosphorization, basicity of slag is controlled in 1.1～1.3 scopes; Make sulphur, phosphorus in the molten iron be controlled at S＜0.050%, P＜0.015%.
The described thick slag of step 1) is meant in the smelting furnace slag of thick 2-3.5 rice more than the scum interface.
Step 2) described super sea coal is meant fixed carbon content more than 77%, the sulphur phosphorus low coal dust of trying one's best.
Preferably, smelting furnace produces the coal gas of high temperature of dirt after cyclone dust removal, and 10-30% wherein generates 700-800 ℃ high-quality upgrading coal gas behind coal gas upgrading stove, be used for the fuel of heater for rolling steel fuel or belt type roasting machine or grate kiln; 60-80% wherein is used for preheating iron ore stone or pelletizing to 600-1200 ℃, and remaining coal gas is used for generating etc.
Said coal gas upgrading stove is the modification agent that the coal gas of high temperature (1450-1500 ℃) smelting furnace is formed through coke in the coal gas upgrading stove or coal (diameter 3-20mm), utilizes the heat of coal gas of high temperature to make the CO in the coal gas
2Become CO, water vapor and C reaction to generate H with the carbon reaction conversion
2And CO, generate 600-800 ℃ high-quality coal gas then.
Described basicity of slag, production scene adopt dual alkalinity installation, i.e. CaO/SiO more
2Ratio.
Described oxidisability is to calculate the gained percentage composition by following formula.D=(1-Fe
2+/ 3TFe-Fe
0/ TFe) * 100% in the formula: D---oxidisability, Fe
2+---content needs by FeO content conversion in the slag, Fe
0---expression metal Ferrum content, TFe---all iron content in the slag.
Preferably, step 2) said high pressure coal spouting gun be with nitrogen as carrier, spray into super sea coal or coke powder high pressure in the iron bath with the pressure of 0.5-1.2MPa.Preferably, the straying quatity of super sea coal or coke powder is 350-460 kilogram/ton iron.
Step 2) heart portion pipeline of said carbon-oxygen gun is that oxygen, external pipe are coal dusts, or oxygen channel and pulverized coal channel are arranged side by side.Carbon-oxygen gun can make the carbon perfect combustion that sprays in the slag through the control COR, and the oxygen of 5-20% more than needed, the oxidisability (40-55%) of control high-temperature slag.
Step 2) oxidisability of high-temperature slag is 75-100%.
Preferably; The said continuous steelmaking oxidized still of step 3) be one continuously oxygen blast of bottom, the strong oxygen blast in top arranged, add slag former desulfurization phosphorus, furnace gas communicates with smelting furnace and maintenance and smelting furnace internal pressure equilibrated stove, and molten iron is carried out desulfurization, dephosphorization, decarburization, raising temperature.It mainly acts on is to make the molten iron of smelting furnace continuously flow into the continuous steelmaking oxidized still through " second shape " excessive iron mouth, keeps the molten iron of smelting furnace to be in a very little height of fluctuation relatively all the time, keeps the stability of smelting furnace smelting.
Preferably, the said flux of step 4) is one or more in unslaked lime, rhombspar, the fluorite etc., and flux adds in the slag liquid furnace by ton molten iron 90-120 kilogram through the high temperature charging system.
Advantage of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) without coke, with after the lump preheating or direct ironmaking such as acid pellet, production efficiency is high, can be connected with high-efficiency appliances such as shaft furnace, grate kilns, realizes scale operation, and comprehensive energy consumption is low, and production cost is low, and effects of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable.
(2) realized directly adding smelting furnace to the iron ore of 600～1200 ℃ of preheatings or high temperature oxidation pelletizing or the like; UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN efficient is high; This point is superior to existing blast furnace-converter flow process, COREX fused reduction iron-smelting-bof process; The Hismelt-bof process also is superior to some patents simultaneously and proposes a continuous steelmaking or a step method for making steel.
(3) ironmaking equipment of the present invention is simple, saves more than 50% than equipment and initial cost with long flow process ironmaking, practices thrift the soil more than 2/3; Logistics is fully simplified, and is energy-conservation more than 25%, reduces discharging about more than 50%; Be easy to realize the serialization that dirt produces and control automatically that furnace campaign was more than 20 years; Corresponding 6 (or the 3) smelting furnaces of the improved belt type roasting machine of 3 5,000,000 tons of scales or grate kiln can realize producing per year 1,000 ten thousand tons of steel, are revolutionary technological changes of ferrous metallurgy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.Wherein: 1: high pressure coal spouting gun, 2: carbon-oxygen gun, 3: coal gas oxygen rifle, 4: gas exit, 5: smelting furnace; 6: tandem tank type distributor, 7: skip car, 8: track, 9: slag notch, 10: " B-mode " iron notch; 11: put the iron mouth, 12: continuous steelmaking oxidized still, 121: flux tandem tank type distributor, 122: top blow oxygen lance; 123: oxidized still gas exit, 124: continuous steelmaking slag notch, 125: continuous steelmaking tap hole, 126: the BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick.
Fig. 2 is a melting and reducing direct ironmaking principle schematic of the present invention.Wherein: 1: high pressure coal spouting gun, 2: carbon-oxygen gun, 3: coal gas oxygen rifle, 21: iron ore stone, 22: acid pellet, 23:CO, 24:CO
2, 25: liquid iron oxide compound, 26: oxygen, 27: coal dust, 28: iron drop, 29: molten slag bath temperature distribution history, 30: oxidisability distribution curve, 31: slag proportion distribution curve.H (m) is molten iron or slag height, and unit is a rice.A: whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, B: slag reduction zone, C: middle oxidisability slag heating zone, D: high oxidation degree heating and melting district, D1: upper half iron ore heating and melting district, D2 bottom half high oxidation degree slag heating zone.
Embodiment
Following examples are to further specify of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
Raw material; Iron ore block, super sea coal (sulphur phosphorus is low as far as possible, and fixed carbon content is more than 77%); Preliminary heating device: shaft furnace.
The direct fused reduction iron-smelting equipment of iron ore of the present invention comprises: shaft furnace, high pressure coal spouting gun 1, carbon-oxygen gun 2, coal gas oxygen rifle 3; Gas exit 4, smelting furnace 5, tandem tank type distributor 6, skip car 7; Track 8, slag notch 9, " B-mode " iron notch 10 is put iron mouth 11 and continuous steelmaking oxidized still 12.As shown in Figure 1.
Tandem tank type distributor 6, skip car 7, track 8 link to each other successively; Skip car 7 operates on the track 8, forms charging system; Tandem tank type city glassware 6 links to each other with the furnace roof of smelting furnace 5.
High pressure coal spouting gun 1, carbon-oxygen gun 2 and oxygen rifle 3 are arranged in order from bottom to top.
High pressure coal spouting gun 1 heart portion pipeline is that super sea coal or coke powder, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.High pressure coal spouting gun 1 inserts the scum interface in the slag by the furnace wall of slag notch more than 9, is removable, and 3 rifles are installed, and is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.The high pressure coal spouting gun becomes the α angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the α angle is 30 degree angles.
The heart portion pipeline of carbon-oxygen gun 2 is that oxygen, middle part pipeline are that coal dust, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use; Carbon-oxygen gun 2 is inserted by the furnace wall of slag notch more than 9 and leaves 1.0-1.2m place, slag iron interface in the slag, selects 3 rifles are installed, and is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.Carbon-oxygen gun becomes the β angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the β angle is 35 degree angles.
Smelting furnace (5) molten bath district is that cylindrical, slag district is that truncated cone-shaped, slag upper space are cylindrical stoves; The cylindrical volume of slag upper space is 3 times of slag district truncated cone-shaped volume; Be provided with in the bottom of smelting furnace and put iron mouth 11, use when supplying overhaul.The truncated cone-shaped in slag district is up big and down small circular platform type, and the circle diameter of upper surface is 2 times of lower surface circle diameter.
The shell of smelting furnace 5 shells and " B-mode " iron notch 10 all adopts the water cooled furnace wall structure.
Continuous steelmaking oxidized still 12 comprises: continuous steelmaking oxidized still body of heater 124, flux tandem tank type distributor 121, top blow oxygen lance 122, BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick 125 and oxidized still gas exit 123; Continuous steelmaking oxidized still body of heater 124 through " B-mode " iron notch link to each other with smelting furnace 5, flux tandem tank type distributor 121 joins the continuous steelmaking oxidized still to sludging flux; Top blow oxygen lance 122; BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick 125, oxidized still gas exit 123 link to each other with smelting furnace gas exit 4 and keep continuous steelmaking oxidized still 12 consistent with smelting furnace 5 pressure.
At first go in the smelting furnace 5 into the dark iron bath of 1.0m, form the thick slag of 2.0m above the iron bath;
High pressure coal spouting gun 1 sprays into the super sea coal high pressure in the iron bath, forms the supersaturation molten iron and whole reduction zone (A), interface, pyrocarbon particulate molten bath is arranged; Spray into the coal or the coke powder at molten iron and slag iron interface, CO and pyrocarbon particle that reduction FeO produces move upward, and in carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district 0.8m zone slag, are formed with a large amount of CO and pyrocarbon particulate second district slag reduction zone (B); Carbon-oxygen gun 2 sprays into coal dust and oxygen to slag middle part from 1.0 places, slag iron interface simultaneously, the heat that the coal dust oxygen combustion produces all by in the high-temperature slag (1650-1750 ℃) of oxidisability (40-55%) absorb, form oxidisability slag heating zone (C) in the 3rd district; Coal gas oxygen rifle 3 sprays into oxygen to slag top from 1.7m place, slag iron interface; So far burnt by oxygen by the high pressure coal rifle of bottom and the CO and the rising of residue pyrocarbon particle of carbon-oxygen gun generation in the slag; The high calorie that produces is all absorbed by the high-temperature slag of high oxidation degree (75-100%) (1400-1600 ℃), forms the 4th high oxidation degree fusion heating zone, district (D); The top in high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district is because the fusion heat absorption of iron ore stone that constantly adds or pelletizing (being preheating to 1000-1200 ℃); Making the 4th district's upper half mainly is iron ore heating and melting district (D1), because ore fusion heat absorption makes its temperature decrease (1400-1500 ℃); Bottom half mainly is high oxidation degree slag heating zone (D2) (1500-1600 a ℃).
Shaft furnace is iron ore stone (5-50mm, proportion 1.8-2.2); Be preheating to 1000 ℃ by shaft furnace; Join slag the 4th district upper half iron ore rapid heating melting zone in the smelting furnace 5 through skip car 7 and high temperature tandem tank type distributor 6, iron ore get into and float in the thick slag (proportion is 2.5-2.7) of topmost and by rapid heating, be fused into liquid iron oxide compound (1400-1500 ℃), liquid iron oxide compound (proportion is 4.5) falls to passing oxygen lance spraying and blows and distinguish high oxidation degree heat district be rapidly heated (1500-1600 ℃); Pass in the 3rd district of carbon-oxygen gun winding-up oxidisability slag heating zone and continue intensification (1600-1750 ℃); Pass slag reduction zone, second district by progressively reduction, reduction has absorbed a large amount of heats makes temperature progressively reduce (1500-1600 ℃), gets into whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, first district by whole reduction; Produce (1450-1470 ℃ of qualified molten iron; C:4.3%, Mn:0.05%, P＜0.015%, S＜0.050%, Si＜0.02%).Molten iron by " B-mode " iron notch 10 continuous tappings to continuous steelmaking oxidized still 12; Flux tandem tank type distributor 121 joins the continuous steelmaking oxidized still to sludging flux; BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick 125 is blown into oxygen continuously with top blow oxygen lance 122 molten iron is carried out desulfurization, dephosphorization, decarburization, raising temperature, produces platform lattice steel.
When the thick slag of smelting furnace reaches 3.0-3.5m when thick, stop reinforcedly beginning to slag tap after 3 minutes, slag arrives 1.9～2.0m when thick, stops to slag tap, and continues the smelting of next cycle.
Add the flux slag making by 100 kilograms of ton iron to smelting furnace when the iron ore stone adds, to desulfurizing iron, dephosphorization, basicity of slag is controlled in 1.1～1.3 scopes.
Embodiment 2:
Raw material: powdered iron ore produces pelletizing, coke powder and super sea coal (sulphur phosphorus is low as far as possible, and fixed carbon content is more than 77%), preliminary heating device: grate kiln;
Direct fused reduction iron-smelting equipment of the present invention comprises: pelletizing system ball equipment, improved grate kiln, smelting furnace.System ball equipment is processed pelletizing to powdered iron ore, and grate kiln utilizes smelting furnace coal gas to be heated to 1200 ℃ high temperature to acid pellet and joins smelting furnace.High pressure coal spouting gun 1 sprays into the coke powder high pressure in the iron bath, forms the supersaturation molten iron and whole reduction zone, interface, pyrocarbon particulate molten bath is arranged, and other are with embodiment 1.
High pressure coal spouting gun 1 is installed 6 rifles, is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.The high pressure coal spouting gun becomes the α angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the α angle is 45 degree angles.
Carbon-oxygen gun 2 is that oxygen channel and pulverized coal channel are arranged side by side, external pipe is that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.Carbon-oxygen gun 2 is installed 6 rifles, and carbon-oxygen gun becomes the β angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the β angle is 20 degree angles.
Smelting furnace (5) molten bath district is that cylindrical, slag district is that truncated cone-shaped, slag upper space are cylindrical stoves; The cylindrical volume of slag upper space is 5 times of slag district truncated cone-shaped volume; Be provided with in the bottom of smelting furnace and put iron mouth 11, use when supplying overhaul.The truncated cone-shaped in slag district is up big and down small circular platform type, and the circle diameter of upper surface is 2.5 times of lower surface circle diameter.
Embodiment 3:
Raw material: powdered iron ore 50%, iron containing metallurgical dust 50%, super sea coal (sulphur phosphorus is low as far as possible, and fixed carbon content is more than 77%), preliminary heating device: improved belt type roasting machine;
Direct fused reduction iron-smelting equipment of the present invention comprises: pelletizing system ball equipment, improved belt type roasting machine, smelting furnace.
High pressure coal spouting gun 1 is installed 9 rifles, is arranged in suitable position around the furnace wall.The high pressure coal spouting gun becomes the α angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the α angle is 15 degree angles.
Carbon-oxygen gun 2 is that oxygen channel and pulverized coal channel are arranged side by side, external pipe is that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss, can insert in the slag and use.Carbon-oxygen gun 2 is installed 9 rifles, and carbon-oxygen gun becomes the β angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the β angle is 50 degree angles.
Smelting furnace (5) molten bath district is that cylindrical, slag district is that truncated cone-shaped, slag upper space are cylindrical stoves; The cylindrical volume of slag upper space is 4 times of slag district truncated cone-shaped volume; Be provided with in the bottom of smelting furnace and put iron mouth 11, use when supplying overhaul.The truncated cone-shaped in slag district is up big and down small circular platform type, and the circle diameter of upper surface is 3 times of lower surface circle diameter.
The iron containing metallurgical dust: iron scale, blast furnace dedusting ash, converter dust-removing ash, electric stove dust are grey, one or more the powder mix in the agglomerates of sintered pellets dedusting ash etc.
System ball equipment is produced pelletizing to powdered iron ore 50% and iron containing metallurgical dust 50%, and improved belt type roasting machine utilizes smelting furnace coal gas to be heated to 1200 ℃ high temperature to acid pellet and joins smelting furnace.Other are with embodiment 1.
Claims (7)
1. the direct fused reduction iron-smelting device of iron ore comprises that smelting furnace (5), high temperature material add system, slag notch (9), tap hole (10) and three grades of composite blowing systems and form; Smelting furnace (5) top furnace roof and high temperature material add system and link to each other with gas exit (4), and melting furnace wall is equipped with slag notch (9), " B-mode " iron notch (10), puts iron mouth (11), continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) and three grades of composite blowing systems;
It is characterized in that the high temperature charging system comprises successively: tandem tank type distributor (6), skip car (7), track (8); Skip car (7) operates on the track (8); Wherein tandem tank type distributor (6) links to each other with the furnace roof of smelting furnace (5); Three grades of composite blowing systems comprise high pressure coal spouting gun (1), carbon-oxygen gun (2) and oxygen rifle (3) from bottom to top successively;
Said high pressure coal spouting gun (1) heart portion pipeline is that super sea coal or coke powder, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss; The high pressure coal spouting gun inserts the scum interface in the slag by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9), and the high pressure coal spouting gun becomes the α angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the α angle is 25～45 degree angles;
The heart portion pipeline of said carbon-oxygen gun (2) is that oxygen, middle part pipeline are that coal dust, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss; Or oxygen channel and pulverized coal channel side by side, external pipe is that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss; Carbon-oxygen gun is inserted by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9) and leaves 1.0-1.2m place, slag iron interface in the slag, and carbon-oxygen gun becomes the β angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the β angle is 25～55 degree angles;
Described oxygen rifle (3) heart portion pipeline is that oxygen, external pipe are that water cooling tube, outermost layer are refractory materialss; The oxygen rifle is inserted by the above furnace wall of slag notch (9) and leaves 1.7-1.8m place, slag iron interface in the slag, and the oxygen rifle becomes the γ angle with slag liquid furnace sidewall, and the γ angle is 35～70 degree angles.
2. the direct fused reduction iron-smelting device of iron ore as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Smelting furnace (5) molten bath district is that cylindrical, slag district is that truncated cone-shaped, slag upper space are cylindrical stoves, the cylindrical volume of slag upper space be slag district truncated cone-shaped volume 3-5 doubly; The shell of smelting furnace (5) shell and " B-mode " iron notch (10) all adopts the water cooled furnace wall structure.
3. the direct fused reduction iron-smelting device of iron ore as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) comprising: continuous steelmaking oxidized still body of heater (124), flux tandem tank type distributor (121), top blow oxygen lance (122), oxidized still gas exit (123), continuous steelmaking slag notch (124); Continuous steelmaking tap hole (125), BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick (126); Continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) through " B-mode " iron notch link to each other with smelting furnace (5), flux tandem tank type distributor (121) joins the continuous steelmaking oxidized still to sludging flux; Top blow oxygen lance (122) and BOTTOM OXYGEN gas permeable brick (126) are implemented oxygen blast to the continuous steelmaking oxidized still, and oxidized still gas exit (123) links to each other with smelting furnace gas exit (4) and keeps continuous steelmaking oxidized still (12) consistent with smelting furnace (5) pressure.
4. the direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of iron ore comprises the steps:
1) at first forms the dark iron bath of 0.8～1.0m in the smelting furnace, form the thick slag of 1.9～2.0m above the iron bath;
2) three grades of composite blowings, four district's melting and reducings technology:
One-level winding-up: high pressure coal rifle winding-up district coal dust or coke powder high pressure spray in the iron bath with slag iron interface on, on slag iron interface, molten bath, form satiety carbon molten iron and reduction zone at end, interface, molten bath, pyrocarbon particulate first district arranged; Spray into the coal or the coke powder at iron bath and slag iron interface; CO that reduction FeO produces and 1450～1500 ℃ pyrocarbon particle move upward, and in carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district 0.8m-1.0m zone slag, are formed with a large amount of CO and slag reduction zone, pyrocarbon particulate second district;
The secondary winding-up: carbon-oxygen gun sprays into coal dust and oxygen to the slag middle part apart from 1.0～1.2m place, slag iron interface simultaneously; The heat that the coal dust oxygen combustion produces is all absorbed by 1650～1750 ℃ high-temperature slag; Rapid heating proportion 4.5 is the ferriferous oxide of descending liquid state fast; Form oxidisability slag heating zone in the 3rd district, oxidisability 40-55%;
Three grades of winding-ups: the oxygen rifle sprays into oxygen to slag top apart from 1.7～1.8m place, slag iron interface; CO in the oxygen combustion slag and pyrocarbon particle; The heat that produces is absorbed by slag; Producing oxidisability is the high-temperature slag of 75-100%, and temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, forms high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district;
The slag top i.e. the top in high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district; Because 1000～1200 ℃ iron ore stone that constantly adds or the fusion of pelletizing heat absorption; Make the 4th to divide into two portions up and down, promptly upper half is iron ore heating and melting district under high oxidation degree slag, a large amount of CO
2The power that reaches CO, N2 rising fully stirs slag and iron ore; Form the condition of science fully of heat transfer and chemical reaction; Because it is 1400-1550 ℃ that a large amount of heat absorptions of iron ore fusion make this district's temperature, the quick dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere of fused iron ore ability in the slag of low temperature and high oxidation degree; Lower Half is the heating zone of 1550-1600 ℃ of high oxidation degree slag, to the liquid iron oxide compound rapid heating of fused iron ore formation;
3) 10-50mm, proportion are 1.8～2.2 iron ore stone; Through being preheating to 1000-1200 ℃; Utilize high temperature string jar feeding equipment to join top, smelting furnace the 4th district; Iron ore gets into and the proportion at topmost of floating is in 2.5～2.7 the thick slag, is fused into 1400～1500 ℃ liquid iron oxide compound by rapid heating, and proportion is that 4.5 liquid iron oxide compound falls to passing the high oxidation degree heating and melting district, the 4th district that oxygen lance spraying blows the district and is rapidly heated to 1500-1600 ℃; Pass in the 3rd district in carbon-oxygen gun winding-up district oxidisability slag heating zone and continue to be warming up to 1650-1750 ℃; Pass slag reduction zone, second district by progressively reduction,, get into whole reduction zone, interface, molten bath, first district by whole reduction because the reduction thermo-negative reaction makes temperature progressively be reduced to 1500-1600 ℃; Produce 1450～1470 ℃ qualified molten iron, molten iron is by " second shape " excessive iron confession continuous steelmaking oxidized still; When the thick slag of smelting furnace reaches 3.0-3.5m when thick, stop reinforcedly beginning to slag tap after 3 minutes, slag arrives 1.9～2.0m when thick, stops to slag tap, and continues the smelting of next cycle;
4) when step 3) is carried out, add the flux slag making to smelting furnace, to desulfurizing iron, dephosphorization, basicity of slag is controlled in 1.1～1.3 scopes; Make sulphur, phosphorus in the molten iron be controlled at S＜0.050%, P＜0.015%.
5. the direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of iron ore as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Step 2) said high pressure coal spouting gun be with nitrogen as carrier, spray into super sea coal or coke powder high pressure in the iron bath with the pressure of 0.5-1.2MPa.
6. the direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of iron ore as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that step 2) in the straying quatity of super sea coal or coke powder be 350-460 kilogram/ton iron.
7. the direct ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of iron ore as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the said flux of step 4) is one or more in unslaked lime, rhombspar, the fluorite, and flux adds in the slag liquid furnace by ton molten iron 90-120 kilogram through the high temperature charging system.
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