CN114990273A - Oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990273A CN114990273A CN202210426646.0A CN202210426646A CN114990273A CN 114990273 A CN114990273 A CN 114990273A CN 202210426646 A CN202210426646 A CN 202210426646A CN 114990273 A CN114990273 A CN 114990273A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore, which comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon mixing ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted; adding a mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to perform reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool; in the reduction smelting process, the electrode supplements heat to the molten pool, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%, molten iron, slag and smelting flue gas are obtained. The invention can solve the problems of limited dephosphorization effect, long flow, high energy consumption, high cost and the like in the existing high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore.
Background
With the acceleration of the industrial construction process in China, the related steel industry is rapidly developed, and the demand of iron ore as a main raw material in the steel industry is increased year by year. Although China has been prospecting that the reserves of iron ores are always in the forefront of the world, the reserves of lean ores in China account for about 98% of the total reserves of China, so that China needs to import a large amount of iron ores every year. Along with the gradual shortage of iron ore concentrate resources, the price of high-quality iron ore resources is continuously increased, so that the production cost of steel is greatly increased, and the development of the steel industry is limited. Therefore, the development and utilization of the refractory ore become the key to solve the problem.
The high-phosphorus iron ore resources in China are rich. The mineral structure has extremely fine embedded granularity, iron and phosphorus are closely symbiotic and difficult to separate. By adopting a traditional blast furnace smelting mode, phosphorus elements can completely enter sinter and molten iron, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron is higher than 1.0 percent, so that the segregation phenomenon, the cold brittleness phenomenon and the like of steel products are caused. Therefore, for a long time, the high-phosphorus iron ore with huge reserves in China is still a 'dead ore' as no effective high-phosphorus iron ore smelting process is developed.
Because the phosphorus content of molten iron is difficult to reduce and the iron and phosphorus are difficult to separate in the process of smelting high phosphorus ore by a blast furnace process, minerals such as the high phosphorus ore and the like cannot be directly and independently smelted. The existing smelting process of the high-phosphorus iron ore comprises a direct reduction process and a smelting reduction process. The direct reduction processes such as pre-reduction, grinding and separation in an electric furnace and the like are difficult to solve the problems of long flow, high energy consumption and high cost. In the smelting reduction process, oxygen top-blown smelting is mainly used, but the oxygen top-blown smelting easily causes excessive oxidation of iron droplets in a slag layer, the content of FeO in slag is too high, the furnace lining is easy to corrode, top-blown oxygen can only disturb a local area, and the dephosphorization effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore, so as to solve the problems that in the existing high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology, because oxygen top-blown smelting is mainly used, iron droplets in a slag layer are easily oxidized excessively, the content of FeO in slag is too high and a furnace lining is easily corroded, top-blown oxygen only disturbs a local area, the dephosphorization effect is limited, the flow path is long, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and the like.
The invention provides an oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore, which comprises the following steps of:
uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon mixing ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool;
in the reduction smelting process, the melting pool is subjected to heat supplementing through an electrode, the smelting temperature of the melting pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%, molten iron, slag and smelting flue gas are obtained.
In addition, it is preferable that the method further includes:
carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron in sequence to obtain low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualified conditions;
and taking the low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron as a steelmaking raw material.
In addition, it is preferable that the method further includes:
sequentially carrying out secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on the smelting flue gas to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and (4) discharging the purified flue gas and the smoke after the purified flue gas and the smoke are treated to reach a preset discharge standard.
In addition, preferably, in the process of adding the material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting on the material to be smelted in the molten pool,
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through at least two spray guns which are preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, injecting the oxygen-enriched air into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and injecting the fuel into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a molten slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
In addition, it is preferable that the temperature of the molten bath is set to 1400 ℃ to 1600 ℃ by adjusting the amounts of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel injected into the molten bath and the excess coefficient of air in the oxygen-enriched air.
In addition, the particle sizes of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the fusing agent are less than 5 cm.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the reducing agent is one of coal, coke and petroleum coke or a plurality of the reducing agents mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the flux is one or more of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fuel is a solid fuel with the particle size less than 100 mu m.
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device which comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun and an electrode; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a feed inlet and a smelting flue gas outlet are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a slag outlet is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a taphole is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
the spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a nozzle of the spray gun is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode is arranged in a slag layer in the side-blown jet smelting furnace.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the iron water treatment device further comprises an iron water deep treatment device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the deep treatment device of iron water include deep dephosphorization sulphur device and with the steelmaking device that deep dephosphorization sulphur device is connected, the raw materials entry of deep dephosphorization sulphur device with the taphole is connected.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the device also comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the smoke recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device, a waste heat recovery power generation device and a dust collection device, wherein the secondary combustion device is respectively connected with the smelting smoke outlet, the waste heat recovery power generation device is connected with the secondary combustion device, and the dust collection device is connected with the waste heat recovery device.
According to the technical scheme, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention have the advantages that oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, and immersed flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the spraying amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; carry out extra concurrent heating to the molten bath through adopting electrode heating, avoid a large amount of jetting gas will cause the foam sediment phenomenon, the oxygen boosting side-blown efflux can be disturbed to whole slag blanket simultaneously, is favorable to the phosphorus to volatilize with the gas form, and then obtains low phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention does not need to pre-treat the raw materials, saves the coking process, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces the environmental pollution; coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated, the dephosphorization process is favorably carried out, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based minerals can be realized, and the high-phosphorus iron ore has stronger iron-extracting and dephosphorization advantages in smelting high-phosphorus iron ore.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and readily appreciated by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and as the invention becomes more fully understood. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a process block diagram of a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the attached drawing, 1-a side-blown jet smelting furnace, 11-a feed inlet, 12-a smelting flue gas outlet, 13-a slag outlet, 14-an iron outlet, 2-a spray gun, 3-an electrode, 4-a deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device, 5-a steel-making device, 6-a secondary combustion device, 7-a waste heat recovery power generation device and 8-a dust collection device.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
Aiming at the problems that the prior high-phosphorus iron ore smelting technology provided by the prior art is mainly based on oxygen top-blown smelting, so that iron liquid drops in a slag layer are easily oxidized excessively, the FeO content in slag is too high and a furnace lining is easy to corrode, top-blown oxygen can only disturb a local area, the dephosphorization effect is limited, the flow is long, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high and the like, the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device are provided.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore, provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows a flow of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 shows a process of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 3 shows the structure of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, the reducing agent and the flux according to the carbon ratio of 1.0-1.3 and the binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
s2, adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to perform reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool;
s3, in the reduction smelting process, the electrode is used for supplementing heat to the molten pool, so that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and when the content of ferrous oxide in the slag generated in the reduction smelting process is 5-10%, molten iron, slag and smelting flue gas are obtained.
Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, and immersed flames directly contact the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the spraying amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; carry out extra concurrent heating to the molten bath through adopting electrode heating, avoid a large amount of jetting gas will cause the foam sediment phenomenon, the oxygen boosting side-blown efflux can be disturbed whole slag blanket simultaneously, is favorable to phosphorus to volatilize with gaseous form, and then obtains low phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention does not need to pre-treat the raw materials, saves the coking process, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces the environmental pollution; coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated, the dephosphorization process is favorably carried out, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based minerals can be realized, and the high-phosphorus iron ore has stronger iron-extracting and dephosphorization advantages in smelting high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
carrying out deep dephosphorization and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron in sequence to obtain low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualified conditions;
the low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron is used as a steelmaking raw material.
Wherein, the preset qualified conditions can be set according to the actual production requirements, and when the contents of phosphorus and sulfur in the molten iron reach the standard, the molten iron is used for the steelmaking process.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
carrying out secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on the smelting smoke in sequence to obtain purified smoke and smoke dust;
and (4) discharging the purified flue gas and the smoke dust after the purified flue gas and the smoke dust reach the preset discharge standard.
The high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler to generate power after being burnt out in the secondary combustion chamber, and the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler is purified and discharged after reaching the standard.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process of adding the mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting on the smelting mixture in the molten pool,
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into a molten pool through at least two spray guns which are preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
oxygen-enriched air and fuel are injected into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, the oxygen-enriched air is injected into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and the fuel is injected into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a molten slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
The oxygen-enriched spray guns are all located in the slag layer and located at 1/4-3/4 (calculated from top to bottom) of the height H of the slag, the spray guns are arranged at the height position to enable combustion to occur in the slag, rapid melting and reduction melting of materials added to the upper portion of the slag are achieved, disturbance is generated on the slag layer by mixed gas after combustion, and escape of phosphorus in a gas phase form and enrichment of phosphorus to the slag phase in the melting process are accelerated.
The spray gun adopts a double-channel spray gun, and adopts inner layer to spray oxygen-enriched (or oxygen, the oxygen concentration is 40% -100%) and outer layer to spray liquid and solid fuel (coal powder, coke powder, petroleum coke and the like) carried by gas fuel (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, biomass gas, hydrogen and the like) or nitrogen.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the molten bath is brought to 1400 ℃ to 1600 ℃ by adjusting the amounts of oxygen-enriched air and fuel injected into the molten bath and the excess coefficient of air in the oxygen-enriched air. In the smelting process, the molten pool is subjected to heat compensation by injecting fuel and oxygen-enriched air, and in consideration of the phenomenon of foaming slag caused by a large amount of injected gas, the molten pool can be subjected to additional heat compensation by adopting electrode heating in the smelting process.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux all have a particle size of < 5 cm. Preferably 2-5 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reducing agent is one of coal, coke and petroleum coke or a plurality of the reducing agents mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flux is one or more of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the fuel is a solid fuel with the particle size less than 100 mu m.
The principle of the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention is as follows:
after the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the flux enter the molten pool, melting occurs, and the reduction smelting process is started. Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are blown into the molten pool through a multi-channel spray gun on the side surface of the hearth, so that heat is provided for the material melting and reduction melting process. Because the fuel is burnt in the molten pool, the immersed burning flame directly contacts the molten pool, the heat transfer rate is improved, the rapid melting and reduction smelting of the added materials on the upper part of the molten slag are realized, and the temperature of the molten iron can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the injection amount of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel. When the temperature of the molten iron is lower, the injection amount of the fuel and the content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air are improved, the heat emitted by the fuel is increased, the temperature drop caused by the escape of melt materials and gas is reduced, and when the temperature of the molten iron is higher, the injection amount of the fuel and the content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air are reduced, and the heat emitted by the fuel is reduced. In the smelting process, not only the iron oxide is reduced, but also the phosphorus oxide is reduced, part of phosphorus enters molten iron, part of phosphorus escapes from the slag surface in a gas form, and the unreduced phosphorus oxide enters slag. In the process of blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool, the gas continuously disturbs the molten pool, so that the escape of phosphorus in a gas form is accelerated, the contact between phosphorus and iron is reduced, and the phosphorus content in molten iron is further reduced. An appropriate amount of (FeO) in the slag oxidizes phosphorus in the molten iron and combines it with (CaO) in the slag, thereby allowing the phosphorus in the molten iron to enter the slag. However, the dephosphorization capability of the diluted (CaO) is caused by the excessively high content of (FeO) in the slag, so that the content of (FeO) in the slag is controlled to be 5-10%. By adjusting the air excess coefficient of the fuel and the oxygen-enriched air, the composition (CO, H) of the combustion products is controlled 2 、CO 2 、H 2 O, N2), and further, the oxidizing property of the slag is adjusted. After smelting for a certain time, obtaining low-phosphorus molten iron, slag and high-temperature flue gas, and respectively flowing out from the tap hole, the slag hole and the flue gas outlet. In addition, when the temperature of the molten pool is too low, excessive fuel and oxygen-enriched gas are injected into the molten pool, so that the phenomenon of foam slag splashing is easily generated, and the electrode can be adopted to supplement heat to the molten pool.
The invention provides a high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device, which comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, a spray gun 2 and an electrode 3; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a feed inlet 11 and a smelting flue gas outlet 12 are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, and a slag outlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a taphole 14 is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1;
the spray gun 2 is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, and a nozzle of the spray gun 2 is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode 3 is arranged in the slag layer inside the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1.
Oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into the molten pool from the spray gun 2 on the side surface of the hearth, and the immersed flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the spraying amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; carry out extra concurrent heating to the molten bath through adopting the heating of electrode 3, avoid a large amount of jetting gas will cause the foam sediment phenomenon, the oxygen boosting side-blown efflux can be disturbed whole slag blanket simultaneously, is favorable to phosphorus to volatilize with gaseous form, and then obtains low phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention does not need to pre-treat the raw materials, saves the coking process, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces the environmental pollution; coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated, the dephosphorization process is favorably carried out, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based minerals can be realized, and the high-phosphorus iron ore has stronger iron-extracting and dephosphorization advantages in smelting high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the iron water deep treatment device also comprises an iron water deep treatment device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the iron water deep treatment device comprises a deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4 and a steel-making device 5 connected with the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4, and a raw material inlet of the deep dephosphorization and desulfurization device 4 is connected with an iron outlet 14. Used for further processing the molten iron.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device also comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device 6 respectively connected with a smelting flue gas outlet 12, a waste heat recovery power generation device 7 connected with the secondary combustion device 6, and a dust collection device 8 connected with the waste heat recovery device 7. Is used for treating the smelting flue gas and avoids environmental pollution.
In order to better explain the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device provided by the invention, the following specific examples are provided.
Example 1
The components of the high-phosphorus iron ore are shown in table 1, the high-phosphorus iron ore, the coal powder and the quick lime are crushed to the granularity of less than 5cm, the materials are uniformly mixed according to the material proportion that the carbon proportion is 1.2 and the binary alkalinity is 1.5, the materials are added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace from a furnace top feed inlet for smelting, and oxygen-enriched air and natural gas with the oxygen-enriched concentration of 75 percent are sprayed into a slag layer of a molten pool in the furnace through a side-blown spray gun. During smelting, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1500-1550 ℃, the content of FeO in slag is 5-10 wt%, and slag and iron discharging operations are carried out after 1h of smelting to obtain pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.25%. Because the phosphorus content in the iron is higher, the molten iron is dephosphorized outside the furnace after being discharged, and the molten iron with the phosphorus content of less than 0.1 percent is obtained. Phosphorus-containing smoke dust generated in the smelting process is recycled by a waste heat boiler and an electric dust collecting device, and the smoke gas is discharged after being treated by a desulfurization and dephosphorization system and reaching the standard.
| TFe | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | P | S |
| 53.62 | 4.42 | 0.65 | 7.4 | 4.57 | 1.07 | 0.022 |
TABLE 1
Example 2
The same raw materials as the raw materials in the embodiment 1 are mixed and evenly mixed according to the parameters that the carbon mixing ratio is 1.0 and the binary alkalinity is 1.5, the mixture is added into a side-blowing jet smelting furnace from the top of the furnace for smelting, and oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen-enriched concentration of 50 percent and coal powder are sprayed into a molten pool in the furnace through a side-blowing spray gun. During smelting, the temperature of a molten pool is controlled to be 1450-1500 ℃, the content of FeO in final slag is 8 wt%, and slag and iron discharging operations are carried out after 1.5h of smelting to obtain pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.15%. Phosphorus-containing smoke dust generated in the smelting process is recycled by a waste heat boiler and electric dust collection equipment, and the smoke gas is treated by a desulfurization system and is discharged after reaching the standard.
According to the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore, provided by the invention, oxygen-enriched air and fuel are sprayed into a molten pool from a spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, and immersed flame directly contacts the molten pool, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the composition of the atmosphere sprayed into the slag layer is controlled by adjusting the spraying amount and the air excess coefficient, so that the oxidability of the slag can be flexibly regulated and controlled; carry out extra concurrent heating to the molten bath through adopting electrode heating, avoid a large amount of jetting gas will cause the foam sediment phenomenon, the oxygen boosting side-blown efflux can be disturbed to whole slag blanket simultaneously, is favorable to the phosphorus to volatilize with the gas form, and then obtains low phosphorus molten iron. Compared with the blast furnace process, the pre-reduction-electric furnace process and the like, the invention does not need to pre-treat the raw materials, saves the coking process, has low investment cost and short process flow, and reduces the environmental pollution; coal of various grades can be used as fuel, the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace is flexibly regulated, the dephosphorization process is favorably carried out, the high-efficiency and short-flow treatment of the high-phosphorus iron-based minerals can be realized, and the high-phosphorus iron ore has stronger iron-extracting and dephosphorization advantages in smelting high-phosphorus iron ore.
The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method and the smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention are described above by way of example with reference to the attached drawings. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process and smelting apparatus for high-phosphorus iron ore proposed by the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for the high-phosphorus iron ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon mixing ratio of 1.0-1.3 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-2.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, and blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace to perform reduction smelting on the smelted mixed material in the molten pool;
in the reduction smelting process, the melting pool is subjected to heat supplementing through an electrode, the smelting temperature of the melting pool is maintained at 1400-1600 ℃, and when the content of ferrous oxide in slag generated in the reduction smelting is 5-10%, molten iron, slag and smelting flue gas are obtained.
2. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method of claim 1, further comprising:
carrying out deep dephosphorization treatment and deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron in sequence to obtain low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron meeting preset qualified conditions;
and taking the low-phosphorus low-sulfur molten iron as a steelmaking raw material.
3. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method of claim 1, further comprising:
sequentially carrying out secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and dust collection treatment on the smelting flue gas to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and discharging the purified flue gas and the smoke after the purified flue gas and the smoke are treated to reach a preset discharge standard.
4. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for the high-phosphorus iron ore as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that during the process of adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting on the mixed material to be smelted in the molten pool,
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel to the molten pool through at least two spray guns which are preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, injecting the oxygen-enriched air into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and injecting the fuel into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a molten slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom.
5. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the temperature of the molten pool is enabled to reach 1400 ℃ to 1600 ℃ by adjusting the amount of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel which are sprayed into the molten pool and the excess coefficient of the air in the oxygen-enriched air.
6. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the particle sizes of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the reducing agent and the fusing agent are all less than 5 cm.
7. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the reducing agent is one or a plurality of coal, coke and petroleum coke mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the content of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus iron ore is higher than 0.1 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flux is one or a plurality of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100%; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the fuel is a solid fuel with the particle size less than 100 mu m.
8. The oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting method disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising a side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun and electrodes; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a feed inlet and a smelting flue gas outlet are respectively arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace; a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a slag outlet is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool; a taphole is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
the spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a nozzle of the spray gun is arranged in the molten pool;
the electrode is arranged in a slag layer in the side-blown jet smelting furnace.
9. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device of claim 8, further comprising an iron water deep treatment device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the deep treatment device of iron water include deep dephosphorization sulphur device and with the steelmaking device that deep dephosphorization sulphur device is connected, the raw materials entry of deep dephosphorization sulphur device with the taphole is connected.
10. The high-phosphorus iron ore oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting device of claim 8, further comprising a flue gas recycling device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device connected with the smelting flue gas outlet, a waste heat recovery power generation device connected with the secondary combustion device, and a dust collection device connected with the waste heat recovery device.
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