CN114807483A - Smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore - Google Patents
Smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN114807483A CN114807483A CN202210426635.2A CN202210426635A CN114807483A CN 114807483 A CN114807483 A CN 114807483A CN 202210426635 A CN202210426635 A CN 202210426635A CN 114807483 A CN114807483 A CN 114807483A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 394
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/004—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in a continuous way by reduction from ores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a smelting method and a smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a first reducing agent and a flux to obtain a mixed material to be smelted; adding a mixture to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and smelting high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool to respectively obtain first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas; adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas. The invention can solve the problems that the existing smelting technology of the high-phosphorus iron ore cannot meet the requirements of industrial application, and has long flow, high energy consumption, difficult control of the reduction process, serious pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method and a device for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore.
Background
The high-phosphorus iron ore in China is rich in resources, but the ore has complex mineral composition, various minerals are closely symbiotic, the embedded granularity is extremely fine, iron and phosphorus are difficult to separate, and the iron and phosphorus cannot be effectively removed in a blast furnace, so that the high-phosphorus iron ore is difficult to exploit and utilize on a large scale. If high-phosphorus iron ore can be effectively utilized in the production process of steel, the shortage of iron ore resources can be relieved, the dependence degree of China on imported iron ore is further reduced, and the retained resources can be effectively developed and utilized.
At present, high-phosphorus oolitic hematite is mainly used as low-price high-impurity iron ore in industrial application and is used for being mixed into a blast furnace for smelting in a small amount, so that the mineral value and the application scale are small, and part of steel plants refuse to use; mineral separation researchers at home and abroad carry out research work for decades, and mineral separation processes such as flotation, magnetic separation, magnetizing roasting, separation, reverse flotation and the like are adopted for processing, so that certain achievements are obtained, but the ore concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are low due to the fact that only the mineral separation process is adopted; therefore, researchers further develop technologies such as direct reduction-magnetic separation process treatment, segmented reduction-ore dressing and the like to treat the high-phosphorus oolitic hematite to obtain certain results, but large-scale treatment is difficult due to the long process flow, the treatment cost and the like.
In summary, the technologies of physical ore dressing, microbial leaching, chemical leaching, magnetizing roasting and the like adopted by the existing smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore can carry out dephosphorization treatment on the high-phosphorus iron ore, but phosphorus and iron minerals in the ore are closely symbiotic, and cannot meet the requirements of industrial application; the direct reduction-magnetic separation/melting separation process is adopted to treat the high-phosphorus iron ore, so that the problems of long flow, high energy consumption, difficulty in controlling the reduction process, serious pollution and the like exist, and the industrial application is not obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore, so as to solve the problems that the current smelting technology of high-phosphorus iron ore cannot meet the requirements of industrial application, the flow is long, the energy consumption is high, the reduction process is difficult to control, and the pollution is serious.
The invention provides a method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a first reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon mixing ratio of 0.8-1.0 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-3.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool to respectively obtain first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas;
adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to a carbon distribution ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the smelting method further comprises the following steps:
carrying out deep desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment on the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the second low-phosphorus molten iron in sequence according to preset molten iron qualified conditions to obtain qualified molten iron;
and using the qualified molten iron in a steelmaking process.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the smelting method further comprises the following steps:
performing secondary combustion treatment on the first flue gas and the second flue gas, and recovering waste heat generated by the secondary combustion treatment to obtain combustion waste heat;
purifying and collecting dust for the combustion waste heat to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and introducing the purified flue gas into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace for dephosphorizing the second low-phosphorus molten iron.
In addition, the particle sizes of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the first reducing agent and the fusing agent are all 2 cm-5 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the first reducing agent is one or more of coal, coke and petroleum coke mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flux is one or more of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that in the process of adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blowing jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blowing jet smelting furnace, smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool, and respectively obtaining first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas,
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a preset molten pool in the side-blown jet smelting furnace from the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, injecting the oxygen-enriched air into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and injecting the fuel into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom;
adjusting the temperature of the molten pool by adjusting the proportion of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel and adjusting the ejection flow of the spray gun to ensure that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is 1400-1550 ℃;
the content of ferrous oxide in the iron-containing furnace slag is 5-20%;
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100%;
and discharging the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the iron-containing slag from a smelting zone tap hole and a smelting zone slag hole of the side-blown jet smelting furnace respectively according to a preset time period.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that in the process of adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to the carbon distribution ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas,
and blowing oxidizing gas into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace to perform primary dephosphorization treatment on the molten iron generated by deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction furnace to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
The smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore for the smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace and an electrothermal reduction furnace; wherein,
a raw material inlet is formed in the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a smelting zone slag outlet is formed in the side wall of the molten pool, a smelting zone iron outlet is formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a first flue gas outlet is formed in the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
a heating electrode is arranged in the electrothermal reduction furnace, a slag inlet is formed in the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace, a reducing zone slag outlet is formed in the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace opposite to the slag inlet, a reducing zone iron outlet is formed in the side wall of the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace, and a second reducing agent feeding port and a second flue gas outlet are respectively formed in the top of the electrothermal reduction furnace;
and a slag outlet of a smelting zone of the side-blown jet smelting furnace is connected with a slag inlet of the electrothermal reduction furnace through a material communicating device.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the iron water treatment device further comprises an iron water deep treatment device; wherein,
the molten iron deep treatment device comprises a deep desulphurization device and a deep dephosphorization device connected with the deep desulphurization device, wherein a raw material inlet of the deep desulphurization device is respectively connected with a smelting zone tap hole and a reduction zone tap hole.
In addition, the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace is preferably provided with a bottom blowing spray gun;
and the nozzle of the bottom blowing spray gun is arranged on the molten iron layer of the electrothermal reduction furnace.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the device also comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
the flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device respectively connected with the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet, a waste heat recycling power generation device connected with the secondary combustion device, and a purifying and dust collecting device connected with the waste heat recycling device;
and a purified flue gas outlet of the purifying and dust collecting device is connected with a feed inlet of the bottom blowing spray gun.
According to the technical scheme, the high-phosphorus iron ore, the first reducing agent and the flux are added into the side-blowing jet flow smelting furnace according to a proper proportion, the smelting and the reduction are firstly carried out, the obtained iron-containing slag is added into the electrothermal reducing furnace, the second reducing agent with a proper proportion is added into the electrothermal reducing furnace, the deep reduction of the iron-containing slag is carried out in the electrothermal reducing furnace under a specific temperature condition, and the iron in the slag is further separated from the gangue. The method has the characteristics of short process flow, high efficiency, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, and can effectively treat the high-phosphorus iron ore.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process diagram of a method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a high-phosphorus iron ore smelting device according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the attached figure, 1-side-blown jet smelting furnace, 11-raw material inlet, 12-smelting zone slag outlet, 13-smelting zone tap hole, 14-first flue gas outlet, 2-electrothermal reducing furnace, 21-heating electrode, 22-slag inlet, 23-reducing zone slag outlet, 24-reducing zone tap hole, 25-second reducing agent inlet, 26-second flue gas outlet, 27-bottom blowing spray gun, 3-spray gun, 4-material communication device, 5-secondary combustion device, 6-waste heat recovery power generation device and 7-purifying and dust collecting device.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
Aiming at the problems that the prior smelting technology of the high-phosphorus iron ore cannot meet the requirement of industrial application, has long process, high energy consumption, difficult control of reduction process, serious pollution and the like, the smelting method and the smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore are provided.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows a flow of the smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 shows a process of the smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 3 shows the structure of a high-phosphorus iron ore smelting plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, the first reducing agent and the flux according to the carbon ratio of 0.8-1.0 and the binary alkalinity of 1.0-3.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
s2, adding the mixed materials to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and smelting high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool to respectively obtain first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas;
s3, adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to the carbon mixing ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
Wherein, the alkaline substance in the binary alkalinity is CaO or SiO 2; the content of FeO in the iron-containing slag is 5 to 20 percent.
High-phosphorus iron ore, a first reducing agent and a flux are added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace according to a proper proportion, melting and reduction treatment are firstly carried out, then the obtained iron-containing slag is added into an electrothermal reducing furnace, a second reducing agent with a proper proportion is added into the electrothermal reducing furnace, deep reduction of the iron-containing slag is carried out in the electrothermal reducing furnace under a specific temperature condition, and iron in the slag is further separated from gangue. The method has the characteristics of short process flow, high efficiency, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, and can effectively treat the high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the smelting method further comprises:
carrying out deep desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment on the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the second low-phosphorus molten iron in sequence according to preset molten iron qualified conditions to obtain qualified molten iron;
and (4) using the qualified molten iron in a steelmaking process.
In order to further improve the quality of the molten iron, the molten iron generated in the side-blown jet smelting process and the electric heating deep reduction process can be subjected to deep desulfurization and deep dephosphorization according to actual conditions, and qualified molten iron is obtained and then used for steelmaking. Wherein, the qualified conditions of the preset molten iron are set according to the actual production needs.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the smelting method further comprises:
carrying out secondary combustion treatment on the first flue gas and the second flue gas, and recovering waste heat generated by the secondary combustion treatment to obtain combustion waste heat;
carrying out purification and dust collection treatment on the combustion waste heat to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and introducing the purified flue gas into the bottom of the electric heating reduction furnace for dephosphorizing the second low-phosphorus molten iron.
High-temperature flue gas, namely first flue gas and second flue gas, generated in the side-blowing jet smelting process and the electric heating deep reduction process can be burnt out in a secondary combustion chamber and then enter a waste heat boiler to generate power, the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler is purified and dust-collected, the purified flue gas is sprayed into the electric heating reduction furnace through a bottom-blowing spray gun, and dephosphorization treatment is carried out on second low-phosphorus molten iron.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particle sizes of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the first reducing agent and the fusing agent are all 2 cm-5 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the first reducing agent is one or a plurality of coal, coke and petroleum coke mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flux is one or more of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion.
Wherein, when the first reducing agent is coal, the coal powder with the granularity less than 100 μm can be selected.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process of adding the mixed materials to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, smelting high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool, and respectively obtaining first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas,
adding a mixed material to be smelted into a preset molten pool in a side-blown jet smelting furnace from the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
oxygen-enriched air and fuel are injected into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, the oxygen-enriched air is injected into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and the fuel is injected into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom;
adjusting the temperature of the molten pool by adjusting the proportion of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel and adjusting the ejection flow of the spray gun to ensure that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is 1400-1550 ℃;
the content of ferrous oxide in the iron-containing furnace slag is 5 to 20 percent;
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100 percent;
and discharging the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the iron-containing slag from a smelting zone tap hole and a smelting zone slag hole of the side-blown jet smelting furnace respectively according to a preset time period.
Adding a mixed material to be smelted into a side-blown jet smelting furnace from the top of the furnace; a molten pool is formed in a smelting furnace in advance, a side-blown smelting process is carried out after mixed materials to be smelted enter the molten pool, oxygen-enriched air and fuel are blown into the molten pool through a multi-channel spray gun on the side surface of a hearth, the furnace is subjected to heat compensation, the molten pool is disturbed, the injection amount of the fuel and the oxygen-enriched air and the air excess coefficient are controlled, the temperature of the molten pool is adjusted to 1400-1550 ℃, and the FeO content in slag is adjusted to 5-20%; and smelting for a certain time to obtain first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas, and respectively flowing out from a smelting zone tap hole, a smelting zone slag hole and a smelting zone smoke hole.
The spray guns are all located in the slag layer and located at 1/4-3/4 (calculated from top to bottom) of the height H of the slag, the spray guns are arranged at the height, so that fuel and oxygen-enriched air are combusted in the slag, the combustion mixed gas disturbs the slag layer, the heat transfer rate is improved, the rapid melting of materials added to the upper portion of the slag is achieved, and meanwhile, phosphorus is promoted to escape in a gaseous form and be enriched in the slag in an oxide form.
The spray gun adopts a double-channel spray gun, and adopts inner layer to spray oxygen-enriched (or oxygen, the oxygen concentration is 40% -100%) and outer layer to spray gas fuel (natural gas, biomass gas, coal gas, hydrogen and the like) or liquid and solid fuel (heavy oil, coal powder, coke powder, gasoline, petroleum coke, graphite and the like) carried by nitrogen.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process of adding the iron-containing slag into the electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to the carbon mixing ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas,
and blowing oxidizing gas into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace to perform primary dephosphorization treatment on molten iron generated by deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction furnace to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
The molten iron generated by deep reduction can be subjected to primary dephosphorization treatment by introducing oxidizing gas to the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace, wherein the oxidizing gas can be introduced into special gas through a blower, or the flue gas obtained by burning the first flue gas and the second flue gas can be purified and introduced into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace as the oxidizing gas.
The smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore comprises a side-blown jet smelting furnace 1 and an electrothermal reduction furnace 2; wherein,
a raw material inlet 11 is arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, a spray gun 3 is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, a smelting zone slag outlet 12 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool, a smelting zone iron outlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1, and a first flue gas outlet 14 is arranged at the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1;
a heating electrode 21 is arranged in the electrothermal reduction furnace 2, a slag inlet 22 is arranged on the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2, a reducing zone slag outlet 23 is arranged on the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2 opposite to the slag inlet 22, a reducing zone iron outlet 24 is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2, and a second reducing agent inlet 25 and a second flue gas outlet 26 are respectively arranged at the top of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2;
the slag outlet 12 of the smelting zone of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1 is connected with the slag inlet 22 of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2 through a material communication device 4.
Wherein, the material communicating device 4 can be a chute or other material communicating and conveying device.
A raw material inlet 11 of the side-blown jet smelting furnace 1 is connected with a belt feeding device; and/or the second reducing agent adding port 25 is connected with a belt feeding device, and raw materials to be added can be added through the belt feeding device.
High-phosphorus iron ore, a first reducing agent and a flux are added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace 1 according to a proper proportion, smelting and reduction treatment are firstly carried out, then the obtained iron-containing slag is added into an electrothermal reduction furnace 2, a second reducing agent with a proper proportion is added into the electrothermal reduction furnace 2, deep reduction of the iron-containing slag is carried out in the electrothermal reduction furnace under a specific temperature condition, and iron in the slag is further separated from gangue. The method has the characteristics of short process flow, high efficiency, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, and can effectively treat the high-phosphorus iron ore.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the iron water deep treatment device is also included; wherein,
the molten iron deep treatment device comprises a deep desulphurization device and a deep dephosphorization device connected with the deep desulphurization device, and a raw material inlet of the deep desulphurization device is respectively connected with a smelting zone tapping hole 13 and a reduction zone tapping hole 24. The low-phosphorus molten iron is deeply treated to meet the preset qualified requirement for steel making.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bottom-blowing lance 27 is provided at the bottom of the electrothermic reduction furnace 2; the nozzle of the bottom-blowing lance 27 is arranged on the molten iron layer of the electrothermal reduction furnace 2. Oxidizing gas is injected into the molten iron obtained by the deep reduction by the bottom-blowing lance 27 to achieve the effect of dephosphorizing the molten iron.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device also comprises a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
the flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device 5 respectively connected with the first flue gas outlet 14 and the second flue gas outlet 26, a waste heat recovery power generation device 6 connected with the secondary combustion device 5, and a purification dust collection device 7 connected with the waste heat recovery device 6; the purified flue gas outlet of the purifying and dust collecting device 7 is connected with the feed inlet of the bottom blowing spray gun 27. And the first flue gas and the second flue gas are combusted and utilized secondarily, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, and the cost is reduced.
In order to better explain the smelting method and the smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore provided by the invention, the following specific examples are provided.
Example 1
1) Side-blown jet smelting
The high-phosphorus iron ore, the anthracite and the lime are crushed to the particle size of 2-5 cm, the ingredients are uniformly mixed according to the carbon blending ratio of 1.0 and the binary alkalinity of 1.0, and the mixture is added into a side-blown jet smelting furnace through a belt. A molten pool is formed in a smelting furnace in advance, materials are added into the furnace from the top of the furnace for side-blown smelting, oxygen-enriched air with the oxygen concentration of 70% and natural gas are sprayed into a slag layer of the molten pool through 20 side-blown spray guns on the side face of a hearth, the temperature of the molten pool is controlled to be 1500-1550 ℃, the content of FeO in slag is 8-10%, slag and iron are discharged after smelting is carried out for 1.5h, and pig iron and iron-containing slag are obtained and flow out from an iron outlet and a slag outlet respectively.
2) Electric deep reduction process
Feeding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a chute, wherein the temperature of a molten pool is 1550-1600 ℃, anthracite is added according to the carbon mixing ratio of 0.9 for a deep reduction process, and bottom blowing oxidizing gas is used for dephosphorizing molten iron to obtain low-phosphorus molten iron and tailings with FeO less than 5.0%.
3) High-temperature flue gas generated in the smelting process of the side-blowing jet smelting furnace and the electrothermal reduction furnace enters a waste heat boiler to generate power after being burnt out in a secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler is purified and dust-collected, and the purified flue gas is sprayed into the electrothermal reduction furnace through a bottom-blowing spray gun after reaching the standard, so that dephosphorization treatment is carried out on molten iron.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: in the burdening process, burdening is carried out according to the burdening ratio of 1.0 and the binary alkalinity of 1.5. In the oxygen-enriched side-blown jet smelting process, oxygen-enriched air with oxygen volume concentration of about 50% and coal powder are sprayed into a slag layer through a side-blown spray gun, the smelting temperature is 1450-1500 ℃, the smelting time is 1.5h, and pig iron and iron-containing slag with FeO of 8-10% are obtained. And (3) feeding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace through a chute for deep reduction, wherein the temperature in the furnace is 1500-1550 ℃, the carbon blending ratio is controlled to be 1.0, and the molten iron and tailings with FeO less than 3.0% in the slag are obtained after smelting. And carrying out deep dephosphorization and deep desulfurization procedures on the molten iron generated in the processes of side-blown jet smelting and electric heating deep reduction to obtain qualified steelmaking raw materials, and then sending the qualified steelmaking raw materials to a steelmaking workshop.
According to the smelting method and the smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore, provided by the invention, the high-phosphorus iron ore, the first reducing agent and the flux are added into the side-blowing jet flow smelting furnace according to a proper proportion, the smelting and the reduction treatment are firstly carried out, the obtained iron-containing slag is added into the electrothermal reduction furnace, the second reducing agent with a proper proportion is added into the electrothermal reduction furnace, the deep reduction of the iron-containing slag is carried out in the electrothermal reduction furnace under a specific temperature condition, and the iron in the slag is further separated from the gangue. The method has the characteristics of short process flow, high efficiency, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, and can effectively treat the high-phosphorus iron ore.
The smelting method and the smelting device of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to the present invention are described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the method and apparatus for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
uniformly mixing high-phosphorus iron ore to be smelted, a first reducing agent and a flux according to a carbon mixing ratio of 0.8-1.0 and a binary alkalinity of 1.0-3.0 to obtain a mixed material to be smelted;
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten pool of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, blowing oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten pool to respectively obtain first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas;
adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to a carbon distribution ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
2. The method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
carrying out deep desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment on the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the second low-phosphorus molten iron in sequence according to preset molten iron qualified conditions to obtain qualified molten iron;
and using the qualified molten iron in a steelmaking process.
3. The method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
performing secondary combustion treatment on the first flue gas and the second flue gas, and recovering waste heat generated by the secondary combustion treatment to obtain combustion waste heat;
purifying and collecting dust for the combustion waste heat to obtain purified flue gas and smoke dust;
and introducing the purified flue gas into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace for dephosphorizing the second low-phosphorus molten iron.
4. The method for smelting high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1,
the particle sizes of the high-phosphorus iron ore, the first reducing agent and the fusing agent are all 2-5 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the first reducing agent is one or more of coal, coke and petroleum coke mixed according to any proportion; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flux is one or more of quartz sand, quartz stone, limestone and dolomite which are mixed according to any proportion.
5. The smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of adding the mixed material to be smelted into a molten bath of a side-blown jet smelting furnace, injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten bath through a spray gun preset on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, smelting the high-phosphorus iron ore in the molten bath, and respectively obtaining first low-phosphorus molten iron, iron-containing slag and first flue gas,
adding the mixed material to be smelted into a preset molten pool in the side-blown jet smelting furnace from the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air and fuel into the molten pool by adopting a double-channel spray gun, injecting the oxygen-enriched air into the inner layer of the double-channel spray gun, and injecting the fuel into the outer layer of the double-channel spray gun;
the raw material inlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged outside the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged in the molten pool, and the raw material outlet of the double-channel spray gun is arranged at 1/4-3/4 of the height of a slag layer of the molten pool from top to bottom;
adjusting the temperature of the molten pool by adjusting the proportion of the oxygen-enriched air and the fuel and adjusting the ejection flow of the spray gun to ensure that the smelting temperature of the molten pool is 1400-1550 ℃;
the content of ferrous oxide in the iron-containing furnace slag is 5-20%;
the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-100%;
and discharging the first low-phosphorus molten iron and the iron-containing slag from a smelting zone tap hole and a smelting zone slag hole of the side-blown jet smelting furnace respectively according to a preset time period.
6. The smelting method of the high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 1, wherein in the process of adding the iron-containing slag into an electrothermal reduction furnace, adding a second reducing agent into the iron-containing slag according to a carbon ratio of 1.0-1.2, and carrying out deep reduction on the iron-containing slag under the condition that the temperature in the electrothermal reduction furnace is 1500-1650 ℃ to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas,
and blowing oxidizing gas into the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace to perform primary dephosphorization treatment on the molten iron generated by deep reduction in the electrothermal reduction furnace to obtain second low-phosphorus molten iron, tailings and second flue gas.
7. A smelting apparatus of high-phosphorus iron ore for use in the smelting method of high-phosphorus iron ore according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising a side-blown jet smelting furnace and an electrothermal reduction furnace; wherein,
a raw material inlet is formed in the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a molten pool is arranged in the side-blown jet smelting furnace, a smelting zone slag outlet is formed in the side wall of the molten pool, a smelting zone iron outlet is formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the side-blown jet smelting furnace, and a first flue gas outlet is formed in the top of the side-blown jet smelting furnace;
a heating electrode is arranged in the electrothermal reduction furnace, a slag inlet is formed in the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace, a reducing zone slag outlet is formed in the side wall of the electrothermal reduction furnace opposite to the slag inlet, a reducing zone iron outlet is formed in the side wall of the bottom of the electrothermal reduction furnace, and a second reducing agent feeding port and a second flue gas outlet are respectively formed in the top of the electrothermal reduction furnace;
and a slag outlet of a smelting zone of the side-blown jet smelting furnace is connected with a slag inlet of the electrothermal reduction furnace through a material communicating device.
8. The smelting plant for high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 7, further comprising an iron water deep treatment device; wherein,
the molten iron deep treatment device comprises a deep desulphurization device and a deep dephosphorization device connected with the deep desulphurization device, wherein a raw material inlet of the deep desulphurization device is respectively connected with a smelting zone tap hole and a reduction zone tap hole.
9. The smelting plant of high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 7,
a bottom blowing spray gun is arranged at the bottom of the electric heating reduction furnace;
and the nozzle of the bottom blowing spray gun is arranged on the molten iron layer of the electrothermal reduction furnace.
10. The smelting device for the high-phosphorus iron ore according to claim 9, further comprising a flue gas recycling device; wherein,
the flue gas recycling device comprises a secondary combustion device respectively connected with the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet, a waste heat recycling power generation device connected with the secondary combustion device, and a purifying and dust collecting device connected with the waste heat recycling device;
and a purified flue gas outlet of the purifying and dust collecting device is connected with a feed inlet of the bottom blowing spray gun.
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