CN115900343A - Suspension side-blowing electric heating smelting furnace and smelting method of iron-based minerals - Google Patents
Suspension side-blowing electric heating smelting furnace and smelting method of iron-based minerals Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace and a smelting method of iron-based minerals. The suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace comprises a suspension reaction tower and a sedimentation tank which are integrally arranged, wherein the top of the suspension reaction tower is provided with a mineral aggregate injection port to be smelted, the top and/or the side part of the suspension reaction tower is also provided with a plurality of first spray guns, the first spray guns are respectively and independently connected with at least one of a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit or an oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the suspension reaction tower is used for enabling the mineral aggregate to be smelted to perform suspension smelting reaction; the sedimentation tank is of a horizontal structure and comprises a side blowing area and an electric heating area which are communicated with each other along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, and the top of the side blowing area is directly communicated with the bottom of the suspension reaction tower; a plurality of second spray guns are arranged on the side wall of the side blowing area, and a heating electrode is arranged in the electric heating area. The invention solves the problems of unbalanced energy quality, high iron content in slag, low reaction efficiency and the like in the smelting process of the existing flash furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace and a smelting method of iron-based minerals.
Background
At present, in the nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy industries, suspension/rotary floating smelting belongs to a modern intensified smelting process, and smelting equipment of the smelting process is called a flash furnace (or a rotary floating furnace) in the industry, and can be applied to smelting of various metals such as iron, copper, nickel, lead, solid waste and the like.
Taking iron-making as an example, the iron-making process can be divided into blast furnace iron-making and non-blast furnace iron-making, wherein blast furnace iron-making accounts for the main part, and non-blast furnace iron-making mainly comprises two technologies of direct reduction and smelting reduction. The direct reduction process comprises a rotary kiln-electric furnace, a rotary hearth furnace-electric furnace, a shaft furnace-electric furnace and the like. The smelting reduction process comprises HIsmelt, corex, finex and the like. The steel production process in China mainly adopts a long process of coking-sintering-blast furnace-converter, while the iron-making process mainly adopts the coking-sintering-blast furnace accounts for 60 percent of total energy consumption, the production cost accounts for 70 percent of the cost of steel per ton, and the pollutant emission accounts for 90 percent of the total amount. Therefore, the blast furnace iron-making process has the problems of long flow, high energy consumption, serious pollution and the like, and strongly depends on metallurgical coke. The non-blast furnace ironmaking technology is mainly developed because the blast furnace smelting process has long flow, sintered ore or pellet ore and coke are required to be used in the smelting process, the coking coal resource is in short supply, the energy consumption of the coking process is high, and the pollution is serious.
The direct utilization of the fine ore can save the pelletizing process and the corresponding energy consumption, reduce the environmental pollution, and the fine ore has small particle size and large specific surface area, and can be more fully contacted with reducing gas in the reduction process, thereby strengthening the mass transfer and heat transfer processes between iron oxide and gas, greatly improving the reduction kinetic conditions, further improving the production efficiency, and fundamentally solving the problems of high energy consumption of the production process, serious environmental pollution and the like. Based on this background, flash furnaces have been in operation. Such as:
the Chinese patent application with application number 201610280696.7 discloses a flash furnace with a side-blown molten pool section, which comprises a reaction tower, wherein the lower part of the reaction tower is provided with at least one molten pool, each molten pool is provided with a side-blown molten pool section with the inner width less than 3 m, the side surface of the side-blown molten pool section is provided with a side-blown arrangement, the tail end of the side-blown molten pool section is provided with a slag discharge port, and the side-blown molten pool section is positioned between the slag discharge port and the reaction tower; the flash furnace also comprises an uptake which is communicated with the reaction tower through the molten pool. The flash furnace enables each part of a molten pool to be directly influenced by side blowing by arranging the side-blowing molten pool section with the inner width smaller than 3 m, particularly, the central part can be blown through, heat is supplemented for the molten pool in the side blowing aspect, and the molten pool forms a liquid melt environment with good fluidity, so that the functions of slagging, sedimentation, layering, discharge and the like of slag and metal are realized, meanwhile, the side blowing device can also provide a reducing agent for the molten pool, the reduction of the residual metal oxide to be smelted in the slag layer is completed, and the recovery rate of the metal is improved.
Chinese patent application No. 201210179226.3 discloses a flash-metallurgical method for iron, in which powdery dry iron ore having a large specific surface area is directly injected into a hot reaction tower space through a nozzle provided at the top of the reaction tower, without pelletizing, sintering and crushing, and is lowered in a floating state, and high-valence iron oxides in the iron ore are partially reduced into low-valence iron oxides and a part of metallic iron while being rapidly heated to about 1200 ℃. The upper part in the molten pool is provided with a layer of coke or other carbonaceous filtering layer which is hot at about 1550 ℃, the side wall of the filtering layer of the molten pool is also provided with a side-blowing nozzle of pulverized coal or other reducing agents, and oxygen-enriched air at high temperature or normal temperature is adopted. The low-valence iron oxide is further reduced into metallic iron in the filter layer. The generated metallic iron and slag are layered in the molten pool and are continuously or periodically discharged. The generated flue gas is discharged after being dedusted by a reburning waste heat boiler or is sent to a hot air furnace as fuel.
Chinese patent application No. 201410163342.5 discloses a flash iron-making equipment and an iron-making method for drying and reducing-reducing, which can use high-temperature flue gas generated in a reduction tower to dry and pre-reduce wet concentrate in a pre-reduction drying tower, and then directly convey dry concentrate discharged from the pre-reduction drying tower into the reduction tower for reduction. From this can recycle the high temperature flue gas, avoid high temperature flue gas direct discharge to cause energy loss and environmental pollution simultaneously, and then can show and improve the energy and recycle, avoid high temperature flue gas direct discharge to cause energy loss and environmental pollution simultaneously, show and improve energy utilization and iron-making efficiency.
Chinese patent application No. 201410163977.5 discloses a double-tower flash ironmaking furnace and an ironmaking method, wherein the double-tower flash ironmaking furnace comprises: a furnace bottom, wherein a molten pool is defined in the furnace bottom; the first reduction tower is internally provided with a first tower cavity; a second reduction tower, wherein a second tower cavity is defined in the second reduction tower; the lower ends of the first reduction tower and the second reduction tower are connected with the bottom of the furnace; a partition wall is arranged in the second tower cavity and divides the second tower cavity into an ascending flue and a reduction channel; the first tower cavity is communicated with the lower end of the uptake, and the upper end of the uptake is communicated with the upper end of the reduction channel. The double-tower flash iron-smelting furnace has the advantages of low investment, high productivity and energy conservation. The iron making method comprises the following steps: spraying dry concentrate and fuel of a fusing agent comprising coke, pulverized coal and oxygen into the first tower cavity through a concentrate nozzle; adding dry concentrate and a fusing agent into the reduction channel through a feed inlet; and reducing the dry concentrate in the reduction channel by the flue gas in the first tower cavity. The method has high iron making efficiency and low cost.
A conventional flash furnace comprises three sections, a reaction tower, a settling tank and a uptake shaft. In the specific smelting process, the powdery mixed material and the reaction gas which are dried until the water content is less than 0.3 percent are sprayed into the reaction tower at a high speed through the nozzle, the powdery material has the advantage of huge specific surface area, so that the physicochemical reactions of the mixed material, such as heating, melting, oxidation/reduction, slagging and the like, are carried out in a flash manner, the formed superheated melt falls into the sedimentation tank, the physicochemical reactions which are not completely finished in the reaction tower are continuously carried out, the superheated melt is separated into metal products and furnace slag, and the smoke and dust generated in the reaction process are discharged through the rising flue. However, in the case of the conventional flash furnace, the chemical kinetic conditions in the sedimentation tank are poor, the molten pool is calm and is not stirred, and the continuous physicochemical reaction speed is slow. Therefore, the slag discharged from the sedimentation tank contains higher valuable metals, and the valuable metals contained in the slag are gradually improved along with the continuous production increase of various production plants, so that huge waste of resources is caused; more importantly, when iron-based minerals are processed, the problems of energy quality mismatch, low reduction rate, high iron content in slag and the like exist.
In addition, the poor chemical kinetic conditions also make the deposition of high-melting-point substances in the sedimentation tank easily occur to form accretions, so that the volume of the sedimentation tank is reduced, and the depletion and sedimentation of valuable metals are further worsened; after accretions are generated, no effective means is available for eliminating the accretions, the accretions around the metal discharge port make the burning mouth difficult, the slag discharge needs to be more frequent, and the pressure of field operation is increased.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace and a smelting method of iron-based minerals, and aims to solve the problems of unbalanced energy quality, high iron content in slag, low reaction efficiency and the like in the smelting process of a flash furnace in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace, which includes a suspension reaction tower and a sedimentation tank integrally provided, and further includes a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit, and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit; wherein: the top of the suspension reaction tower is provided with a mineral aggregate injection port to be smelted, the top and/or the side part of the suspension reaction tower is also provided with a plurality of first spray guns, the first spray guns are respectively and independently connected with at least one of a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit or an oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the suspension reaction tower is used for enabling the mineral aggregate to be smelted to carry out suspension smelting reaction; the sedimentation tank has a horizontal structure and comprises a side blowing area and an electric heating area which are communicated with each other along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, and the top of the side blowing area is directly communicated with the bottom of the suspension reaction tower; a plurality of second spray guns are arranged on the side wall of the side blowing area, and a heating electrode is arranged in the electric heating area; the second lances are each independently connected to at least one of the reductant supply unit, the fuel supply unit, and the oxygen-containing gas.
Further, the suspension reaction tower is sequentially divided into a preheating zone, a reduction zone and a melting zone from top to bottom, the plurality of first spray guns comprise at least three groups, each group of first spray guns comprises at least two first spray guns, and the preheating zone, the reduction zone and the melting zone are respectively provided with at least one group of first spray guns.
Further, a first lance disposed in the preheating zone is connected to the fuel supply unit and the oxygen-containing gas supply unit; wherein, the first spray gun arranged in the preheating zone is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel of the first spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer layer channel of the first spray gun is connected with the fuel supply unit; or the first spray gun arranged in the preheating zone is a single-channel spray gun, one part of the first spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the other part of the first spray gun is connected with the fuel supply unit; one part of the first spray guns arranged in the reduction zone is a single-channel spray gun and is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, the other part of the first spray guns is a double-channel spray gun, the inner channel of the double-channel spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer channel of the double-channel spray gun is connected with the fuel supply unit; or the first spray gun arranged in the reduction zone is a three-channel spray gun, the inner channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, the middle channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit; one part of the first spray guns arranged in the melting zone is a single-channel spray gun and is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, the other part of the first spray guns is a double-channel spray gun, the inner channel of the double-channel spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer channel of the double-channel spray gun is connected with the fuel supply unit; alternatively, the first lance disposed in the melting zone is a three-channel lance, an inner channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel thereof being connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit.
Furthermore, the suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace also comprises an ascending flue, the ascending flue is arranged at the top of the side-blowing zone and communicated with the side-blowing zone, the ascending flue is arranged at one end, close to the electrothermal zone, of the side-blowing zone, and the suspension reaction tower is arranged at one end, far away from the electrothermal zone, of the side-blowing zone.
Furthermore, the uptake flue and the sedimentation tank are also integrally arranged, and the side wall of the uptake flue close to one side of the electric heating area extends towards the inside of the sedimentation tank so as to form a partition wall between the side blowing area and the electric heating area.
Further, the second lances are each independently connected to at least one of the reducing agent supply unit, the fuel supply unit, and the oxygen-containing gas supply unit.
Furthermore, the second spray gun is a three-channel integrated spray gun, an inner channel of the second spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel of the second spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel of the second spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit; or, a part of the plurality of second spray guns is a single-channel spray gun and is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, the other part of the plurality of second spray guns is a double-channel spray gun, the inner-layer channel of the plurality of second spray guns is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer-layer channel of the plurality of second spray guns is connected with the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit.
Furthermore, a plurality of concurrent heating burners are arranged at the top of the side blowing area.
Furthermore, along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, the ratio of the length of the side blowing zone to the length of the electric heating zone is 0.5-3; and/or the side blowing area is flush with the bottom wall of the electric heating area, or the bottom wall of the electric heating area is lower than the bottom wall of the side blowing area; the top height of the side blowing area is higher than that of the electric heating area.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for smelting an iron-based mineral by using the above-mentioned suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace, the method comprising the steps of: taking compressed air or inert gas as a carrier, spraying the iron-based mineral and a fusing agent from the top of a suspension reaction tower through an ore material spraying inlet to be smelted, and simultaneously spraying at least one of a reducing agent, fuel or oxygen-containing gas into the suspension reaction tower through a first spray gun so as to perform suspension smelting reaction on the iron-based mineral; smelting melt obtained by suspension smelting reaction directly falls into a side blowing zone of a sedimentation tank through the bottom of a suspension reaction tower, and at least one of reducing agent, fuel or oxygen-containing gas is further blown into a slag layer of the side blowing zone through a second spray gun so as to enable the smelting melt to carry out molten pool smelting reaction; and enabling a smelting product obtained by the smelting reaction in the molten pool to enter an electric heating area of the sedimentation tank, and carrying out electric heating reduction under the heating of the heating electrode to obtain molten iron and slag.
Further, the suspension reaction tower is sequentially divided into a preheating zone, a reducing zone and a melting zone from top to bottom, and in the suspension smelting reaction process, the temperature of the preheating zone is controlled to be 600-1000 ℃, the temperature of the reducing zone is controlled to be 1000-1450 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone is controlled to be 1450-1650 ℃; preferably, the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are injected into the preheating zone through a first spray gun arranged in the preheating zone to control the temperature of the preheating zone; injecting fuel, oxygen-containing gas and reducing agent into the reduction zone through a first spray gun arranged in the reduction zone so as to control the temperature of the reduction zone and enable the iron-based minerals to carry out primary suspension smelting reaction; the fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and the reducing agent are injected into the melting zone through a first spray gun arranged in the melting zone to control the temperature of the melting zone, so that the iron-based minerals are subjected to further suspension smelting reaction, and the obtained smelting products are melted to form a smelting melt.
Further, controlling the temperature of a side blowing area to be 1550-1650 ℃ in the smelting reaction process of a molten pool; preferably, the second spray gun is a three-channel integrated spray gun, reducing agents are sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone through an inner channel of the second spray gun, oxygen-containing gases are sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone through an intermediate channel of the second spray gun, and reducing agents or fuels are sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone through an outer channel of the second spray gun; or one part of the second spray guns is a single-channel spray gun and is used for spraying the reducing agent into the slag layer of the side blowing area, the other part of the second spray guns is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel of the second spray guns sprays the oxygen-containing gas into the slag layer of the side blowing area, and the outer layer channel of the second spray guns and the slag layer of the side blowing area spray the reducing agent or fuel; preferably, the side blowing zone is subjected to heat supplementing through a heat supplementing burner so as to maintain the temperature of the side blowing zone; preferably, coke is added to the bath during the bath smelting reaction.
Further, in the process of electrothermal reduction, the temperature of an electrothermal area is controlled to be 1550-1780 ℃; preferably, during the process of the electric heating reduction, the reducing agent is added into the electric heating area through a reducing agent adding port at the top of the electric heating area, or the reducing agent is sprayed into the electric heating area through a third spray gun.
Further, the blocky reducing agent is one or more of blocky coal, coke, petroleum coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese; the injected reducing agent is a powdery reducing agent and/or a gaseous reducing agent, preferably one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen; the fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline; the oxygen-containing gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen; the iron-based mineral is one of iron ore concentrate, vanadium-titanium magnetite ore, placer ore, high-phosphorus iron ore, laterite-nickel ore and iron-containing solid wasteOr more, preferably, the iron-containing solid waste is one or more of red mud, copper smelting slag and copper depleted slag; the flux is a calcium flux, preferably quicklime and/or limestone; preferably, the iron-based mineral and flux are CaO/SiO in accordance with a binary basicity 2 And (5) = 0.5-1.5.
Further, before injecting the iron-based mineral and the flux through the ore charge injection port to be smelted, the smelting method further comprises: dehydrating the iron-based mineral and the flux until the water content is lower than 1wt%; and (4) grinding the dehydrated iron-based minerals and the flux until the granularity is less than 150 mu m.
The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace provided by the invention organically combines the suspension smelting technology, the side-blown molten pool smelting technology and the electrothermal temperature-raising sedimentation technology, and effectively solves the problems of unbalanced energy quality, high iron content in slag, low reaction efficiency and the like in the smelting process of the existing flash furnace.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a suspended side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a suspension reaction tower; 101. a mineral aggregate to be smelted is sprayed into the opening; 102. a first spray gun; 11. a preheating zone; 12. a reduction zone; 13. a melting zone; 20. a sedimentation tank; 21. a side-blown zone; 22. an electric hot zone; 201. a second spray gun; 202. heating the electrode; 203. a heat supplementing burner; 204. a smoke outlet; 205. a metal discharge port; 206. a slag feeding port; 207. a slag discharging port; 30. and (4) lifting the flue.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As described in the background art, the problems of insufficient smelting, excessive content of valuable metals in furnace slag and resource waste exist in the current flash furnace smelting process. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a suspension reaction tower 10 and a sedimentation tank 20, a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit, all of which are integrally arranged; wherein: the top of the suspension reaction tower 10 is provided with a mineral aggregate injection port 101 to be smelted, the top and/or the side part of the suspension reaction tower is also provided with a plurality of first spray guns 102, each first spray gun 102 is independently connected with at least one of a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit or an oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the suspension reaction tower 10 is used for enabling the mineral aggregate to be smelted to carry out suspension smelting reaction; the sedimentation tank 20 has a horizontal structure, along the length direction of the sedimentation tank 20, the sedimentation tank 20 comprises a side blowing zone 21 and an electric heating zone 22 which are communicated, and the top of the side blowing zone 21 is directly communicated with the bottom of the suspension reaction tower 10; a plurality of second spray guns 201 are arranged on the side wall of the side blowing area 21, and a heating electrode 202 is arranged in the electric heating area 22; the second spray guns 201 are each independently connected to at least one of a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit, and an oxygen-containing gas.
In the actual operation process, the mineral aggregate to be smelted can be sprayed into the suspension reaction tower 10 through the mineral aggregate spraying inlet 101 to be smelted to be in a dispersion state, the top and/or the side part of the suspension reaction tower 10 is also provided with a plurality of first spray guns 102, reducing agents, fuels and oxygen-containing gases can be sprayed in regions, the temperature and atmosphere control of the material in different regions is realized, the suspension smelting reaction is realized in the suspension reaction tower 10, and the primary reduction of metal in the mineral aggregate and the melting of the material are realized. The smelting melt produced in the suspension reaction tower 10 directly falls into the side blowing zone 21, and the second spray gun 201 is arranged in the zone, so that one or more of reducing agent, fuel and oxygen-containing gas can be further sprayed into the slag layer of the molten pool, and the valuable metals in the slag layer can be efficiently reduced by utilizing the excellent metallurgical kinetic conditions of the molten pool smelting while supplementing heat. The good metallurgical dynamic condition also effectively relieves the deposition of high-melting-point substances to form accretions, ensures the volume of the sedimentation tank, further ensures the dilution and sedimentation of valuable metals, has small field operation pressure and is easier to implement. The smelting product produced in the side-blowing zone 21 enters an electric hot zone 22, and the heat required for reaction and temperature rise can be further provided through a heating electrode. And the characteristics of easy heat supplement, relative calmness and weak stirring of the electric heating area molten pool are utilized, the physically lost valuable metals in the slag layer can be further efficiently settled, and meanwhile, the valuable metals in the slag can be further reduced, so that the deep recovery of the valuable metals is realized.
Therefore, the suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace provided by the invention organically combines the suspension smelting technology, the side-blown molten pool smelting technology and the electrothermal temperature-raising and settling technology, and effectively solves the problems of unbalanced energy quality, high iron content in slag, low reaction efficiency and the like in the smelting process of the existing flash furnace. The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace can be used for treating not only sulfide mineral aggregates but also oxide mineral aggregates.
In a preferred embodiment, the suspension reaction tower 10 is divided into a preheating zone 11, a reduction zone 12 and a melting zone 13 from top to bottom in sequence, the plurality of first spraying guns 102 comprises at least three groups, each group of first spraying guns 102 comprises at least two first spraying guns 102, wherein at least one group of first spraying guns 102 is arranged in each of the preheating zone 11, the reduction zone 12 and the melting zone 13. In this way, after the mineral aggregate to be smelted enters the suspension reaction tower 10 in a dispersed state, the mineral aggregate is preheated in the preheating zone 11, then is subjected to primary reduction in the reduction zone 12, and then enters the melting zone 13 to be melted to form a melt. In the specific implementation process, the injected materials of the first spray gun 102 can be adjusted according to the functions of different areas, and preferably, the first spray gun 102 arranged in the preheating zone 11 is connected with a fuel supply unit and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit; wherein, the first lance 102 arranged in the preheating zone 11 is a two-channel lance, the inner channel thereof is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer channel thereof is connected with the fuel supply unit; alternatively, the first lance 102 provided in the preheating zone 11 is a single-pass lance, one part of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and the other part of which is connected to the fuel supply unit; thus, the preheating function is realized; one part of the first lances 102 provided in the reduction zone 12 is a single-pass lance and is connected to the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part is a double-pass lance, an inner pass of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and an outer pass of which is connected to the fuel supply unit; or, the first lance 102 disposed in the reduction zone 12 is a three-channel lance, an inner channel thereof is connected to the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel thereof is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel thereof is connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit; therefore, the primary reduction of the preheated material is realized, and heat can be supplemented for the primary reduction process, so that the reduction is more sufficient; one part of the first lances 102 provided in the melting zone 13 is a single-passage lance and connected to the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part is a double-passage lance, an inner passage of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and an outer passage of which is connected to the fuel supply unit; alternatively, the first lance 102 provided in the melting zone 13 is a three-channel lance, an inner channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel thereof being connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit. Therefore, the materials which are preliminarily reduced can be melted, the reduction degree is further deepened, and the valuable metal is recovered through reduction, so that the method has a better promoting effect.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace further comprises an uptake 30, the uptake 30 is arranged at the top of the side-blowing zone 21 and is communicated with the side-blowing zone, the uptake 30 is arranged at one end of the side-blowing zone 21 close to the electrothermal zone 22, and the suspension reaction tower 10 is arranged at one end of the side-blowing zone 21 far away from the electrothermal zone 22. Therefore, the smelting melt can fall from one end of the side blowing zone 21 far away from the electric heating zone 22, and the flue gas is discharged from the other end, so that the smelting of a molten pool can be fully carried out.
More preferably, the uptake 30 and the sedimentation tank 20 are also integrally formed, and a side wall of the uptake 30 close to the electric heating area 22 extends towards the inside of the sedimentation tank 20 to form a partition wall between the side-blowing area 21 and the electric heating area 22. A communication channel is provided between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the settler to facilitate the flow of smelt into the hot zone 22.
In a preferred embodiment, the second lances 201 are each independently connected to at least one of a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit, and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit. One or more of a reductant, a fuel and an oxygen-containing gas may be selectively injected by the second lance 201 to provide kinetic conditions and a desired atmosphere for the molten bath smelting. In a specific lance arrangement, the second lance 201 is a three-channel integrated lance, with an inner channel connected to a reductant supply unit, an intermediate channel connected to an oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel connected to a reductant supply unit or a fuel supply unit; alternatively, a part of the plurality of second lances 201 is a single-passage lance and is connected to the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part thereof is a double-passage lance, an inner-passage thereof is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer-passage thereof is connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit.
In order to further perform heat compensation on the smelting reaction process of the molten pool, a plurality of heat compensation burners 203 are also arranged at the top of the side-blowing zone 21. So set up, be convenient for more abundant reduction recovery of valuable metal, reduce the sediment layer viscosity simultaneously, make the metal more easily subside the separation.
In view of further balancing the time of bath smelting and electrothermal precipitation, promoting precipitation separation of metal and slag layers while ensuring efficient reduction of bath smelting, in a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the length of the side-blown zone 21 to the length of the electrothermal zone 22 along the length of the precipitation tank 20 is 0.5 to 3. Furthermore, preferably, the side-blowing zone 21 is flush with the bottom wall of the electric heating zone 22, or the bottom wall of the electric heating zone 22 is lower than the bottom wall of the side-blowing zone 21; the top height of the side-blowing zone 21 is higher than that of the electric heating zone 22. The side blow zone 21 is higher in the top to accommodate the higher splashing of this section. The electric heating area 22 has a lower furnace top, which can improve the heat energy utilization efficiency and reduce the construction investment. In practical arrangement, the bottom wall of the electric heating zone 22 is preferably lower than the bottom wall of the side blowing zone 21 to facilitate the melt flow, and the height difference is preferably controlled within the range of 100-500 mm, and the specific connection structure between the two zones includes, but is not limited to, a step structure or a slope structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the top of the electric heating area 22 is also provided with a reducing agent charging opening, or a third spray gun connected with a reducing agent supply unit; the electric heating area 22 is also provided with a smoke outlet 204 at the top, a metal discharge port 205 at the bottom, and an upper slag hole 206 and a lower slag hole 207 at the side (the upper slag hole 206 is higher than the lower slag hole 207). Therefore, a reducing agent can be further added into the electric heating area to promote the slag layer to be further subjected to electric heating reduction, and finally the slag layer is settled into a metal layer and a slag layer, the metal layer can be discharged from the metal discharge port 205, the slag can be discharged from the upper slag hole 206 or the lower slag hole 207, and the upper slag hole and the lower slag hole are selected to be discharged according to the height of the liquid level in the furnace in the actual operation process.
The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace provided by the invention can be applied to smelting of oxide and sulfide minerals, such as smelting of iron, copper, nickel, lead, solid waste and other various metal minerals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for smelting an iron-based mineral by using the above-mentioned suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace, the method comprising the steps of: taking compressed air or inert gas as a carrier, injecting iron-based minerals and a fusing agent from the top of the suspension reaction tower 10 through an ore material injection port 101 to be smelted, and simultaneously injecting at least one of a reducing agent, fuel or oxygen-containing gas into the suspension reaction tower 10 through a first spray gun 102 so as to enable the iron-based minerals to be subjected to suspension smelting reaction; the smelting melt obtained by suspension smelting reaction directly falls into a side blowing zone 21 of a sedimentation tank 20 through the bottom of a suspension reaction tower 10, and at least one of reducing agent, fuel or oxygen-containing gas is further blown into a slag layer of the side blowing zone 21 through a second spray gun 201 so as to enable the smelting melt to carry out bath smelting reaction; smelting products obtained by the smelting reaction in the molten pool enter the electric heating area 22 of the sedimentation tank 20, and are subjected to electric heating reduction under the heating of the heating electrode 202 to obtain molten iron and slag.
As described above, in the actual operation process, the compressed air or inert gas (such as nitrogen) can inject the iron-based minerals and the flux into the suspension reaction tower 10 through the mineral aggregate injection port 101 to be smelted and present a dispersed state, the top and/or the side of the suspension reaction tower 10 is further provided with a plurality of first injection guns 102, reducing agents, fuels and oxygen-containing gases can be injected in different areas, the temperature and atmosphere control of the materials in different areas can be realized, thereby realizing the suspension smelting reaction in the suspension reaction tower 10, realizing the preliminary reduction of iron and other valuable metals in the mineral aggregate and melting the materials. In the suspension smelting process of the first section, the reduction rate of iron can reach more than 45%. The smelting melt produced in the suspension reaction tower 10 directly falls into the side blowing zone 21, and the second spray gun 201 is arranged in the zone, so that one or more of reducing agent, fuel and oxygen-containing gas can be further sprayed into the slag layer of the molten pool, and the valuable metals in the slag layer can be efficiently reduced by utilizing the excellent metallurgical kinetic conditions of the molten pool smelting while supplementing heat. The good metallurgical dynamic condition also effectively relieves the deposition of high-melting-point substances to form accretions, ensures the volume of the sedimentation tank, further ensures the dilution and sedimentation of valuable metals, has small field operation pressure and is easier to implement. The reduction rate of iron can reach more than 90 percent by using side-blown molten pool for smelting. The smelting product produced in the side-blowing zone 21 enters an electric hot zone 22, and the heat required for reaction and temperature rise can be further provided through a heating electrode. And the characteristics of easy heat compensation, relative calmness and weak stirring of the electric heating area molten pool are utilized, the physically lost valuable metals in the slag layer can be further and efficiently precipitated, meanwhile, the valuable metals in the slag can be further reduced, the deep recovery of the valuable metals is realized, the reduction rate of iron reaches more than 99 percent, and finally, the molten iron and the slag with extremely low content of the valuable metals are obtained.
The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace organically combines a suspension smelting technology, a side-blown molten pool smelting technology and an electrothermal temperature-raising sedimentation technology, the process directly utilizes powdery materials, the reduction process has the chemical and dynamic advantages of large gas-solid contact area, rapid mass and heat transfer and high reaction speed, and the reaction speed is high, the heat intensity is high and the dynamic conditions are good in the molten pool smelting process; valuable metals can be deeply recycled in the electric heating area, and the economy is good. Therefore, the iron-based mineral can be smelted efficiently, in a short flow, at low cost and in an environment-friendly manner, the metal and the slag are fully separated, and the problems of insufficient smelting, overhigh content of valuable metals in the slag and resource waste in the existing flash furnace smelting process are effectively solved.
In a preferred embodiment, the suspension reaction tower 10 is divided into a preheating zone 11, a reduction zone 12 and a melting zone 13 in sequence from top to bottom, and during the suspension smelting reaction, the temperature of the preheating zone 11 is controlled to be 600-1000 ℃, the temperature of the reduction zone 12 is controlled to be 1000-1450 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone 13 is controlled to be 1450-1650 ℃. In the falling process of the iron-based minerals and the flux in the hearth of the suspension reaction tower 10, the iron-based minerals and the flux pass through three areas, namely a preheating area, a reduction area and a melting area, are heated by high-temperature reducing gas and are reduced rapidly within a drifting time of several seconds, and then drop into a molten pool. The temperature of each zone is controlled within the range, which is favorable for fully finishing primary reduction and melting and has better promoting effect on the iron reduction separation of the whole iron-based mineral.
Preferably, the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are injected therein by means of a first lance 102 provided in the preheating zone 11 to control the temperature of the preheating zone 11; injecting fuel, oxygen-containing gas and reducing agent into the reduction zone 12 through a first lance 102 provided in the reduction zone 12 to control the temperature of the reduction zone 12 and to subject the iron-based minerals to a preliminary suspension smelting reaction; the fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and the reducing agent are injected thereinto through the first injection lance 102 provided in the melting zone 13 to control the temperature of the melting zone 13, to subject the iron-based mineral to further suspension smelting reaction, and to melt the resulting smelting product to form a smelting melt. Therefore, the fuel sprayed in the preheating zone can promote the iron-based minerals and the flux to be quickly preheated, then the iron-based minerals and the flux enter the reduction zone to be preliminarily reduced under the fuel heat compensation effect of the reducing agent, and finally the melt directly falls into the sedimentation tank after being further deeply reduced and melted into the melt. Specifically, the first injection lance 102 disposed in the preheating zone 11 may be disposed at the top and/or the side of the suspension reaction tower 10, and the first injection lances 102 of the other two zones may be disposed at the side of the suspension reaction tower 10.
In order to make the smelting process of the molten pool more efficient and further improve the reduction rate of iron, in a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the side blowing zone 21 is controlled to be 1550-1650 ℃ in the smelting reaction process of the molten pool;
preferably, the second lance 201 is a three-channel integrated lance, which injects a reducing agent into the slag layer of the side-blowing zone 21 through an inner channel thereof, injects an oxygen-containing gas into the slag layer of the side-blowing zone 21 through an intermediate channel thereof, and injects a reducing agent or a fuel into the slag layer of the side-blowing zone 21 through an outer channel thereof; or, some of the second lances 201 are single-channel lances for injecting the reducing agent into the slag layer in the side-blown zone 21, and the other part of the second lances are double-channel lances for injecting the oxygen-containing gas into the slag layer in the side-blown zone 21 through inner channels thereof, and for injecting the reducing agent or the fuel into the slag layer in the side-blown zone 21 through outer channels thereof. The side-blowing zone 21 is preferably afterburned by an afterburner 203 to maintain the temperature of the side-blowing zone 21. The second spray gun is arranged on the slag layer, so that combustion and reduction are generated in the slag, the heat utilization rate is improved, the stirring heat transfer rate of a molten pool is improved, reduction of most iron can be realized, heat absorption and heat supplement are realized for reduction, and molten iron at the bottom cannot be rolled into the slag again. Preferably, during the bath smelting reaction, coke is added to the bath to carburize the material during penetration. The coke is added to further reduce iron oxide on one hand, and is used as a carburant on the other hand, molten iron reduced by the suspension tower passes through the coke layer, the carbon content of the molten iron is high, the melting point is low, and the coke is beneficial to subsequent operation and component requirements. In the specific adding process, the mineral aggregate to be smelted can be added through the spraying port 101 above the suspension reaction tower, or can be sprayed from the side-blowing zone 21 of the sedimentation tank 20. The adding amount of the coke can be adjusted according to the carbon content of the molten iron, and preferably, the carbon content of the molten iron is about 4%.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the electric heating zone 22 is controlled to be 1550 to 1780 ℃ during the electro-thermal reduction process; preferably, during the electrothermal reduction, the reducing agent is added into the electrothermal region 22 through a reducing agent feed port at the top thereof in the form of blocks, or is blown into the electrothermal region through a third spray gun. The electric heating sedimentation is carried out at the temperature, the sedimentation efficiency is better, and the reducing agent is further added, so that the electric heating reduction can be deepened, and the reduction rate of the iron is further improved. In the specific implementation process, the massive reducing agent is added into the slag through a reducing agent feeding port, or the reducing agent is blown into the slag through a third spray gun by taking inert gas as a carrier, so that the reducing agent can be fed into a slag layer, the deep reduction of valuable metal oxides such as iron in the slag and the static settlement of metal impurities in the slag are realized, and the molten iron is obtained.
Preferably, the lump reducing agent is one or more of lump coal, coke, petroleum coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese; the injected reducing agent is a powdery reducing agent and/or a gaseous reducing agent, preferably one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen; the fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline; the oxygen-containing gas is oxygen-enriched air (the oxygen concentration is 40-100 percent) or oxygen; the iron-based mineral is one or more of iron ore concentrate, vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, high-phosphorus iron ore, laterite-nickel ore (accompanied by iron ore) and iron-containing solid waste, preferably the iron-containing solid waste is one or more of red mud, copper smelting slag and copper depleted slag; the flux is a calcareous flux, preferably quicklime and/or limestone.
In the above materials, if the materials are gas, the corresponding spray gun can be directly adopted for spraying, and if the materials are powdery solid materials, the specific spraying form which is not mentioned above can be adopted for spraying by adopting inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and the like as carrier gases. This is understood by those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In a preferred embodiment, the dosing process follows the following principles: caO/SiO of iron-based mineral and flux according to binary basicity 2 (ii) = 0.5-1.5), namely, the weight of CaO in the flux/SiO in the mineral aggregate 2 The content = 0.5-1.5. According to the above batching method, the separation of metal and slag is facilitated, and the melting point of the material is relatively low, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the reduction effect is improved.
In order to further improve the smelting efficiency in the suspension reaction tower during the actual smelting process, in a preferred embodiment, before the iron-based mineral and the flux are injected through the mineral aggregate injection port 101 to be smelted, the smelting method further comprises: dehydrating the iron-based mineral and the flux until the water content is lower than 1wt%; and (4) grinding the dehydrated iron-based minerals and the flux until the granularity is less than 150 mu m.
The temperature of the flue gas produced in the smelting process is usually 1400-1700 ℃, and the flue gas can be sequentially subjected to secondary combustion to remove entrained CO and H 2 Equal combustible gas and waste heat boiler waste heat recovery power generation and purification treatment(dust removal and desulfurization), and the like, and the collected smoke dust can be returned to the material preparation stage.
In conclusion, the method for treating the iron-based minerals has the following beneficial effects:
1. the process can be widely applied to iron ore concentrate, vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea placer, high-phosphorus iron ore, laterite-nickel ore and the like, can also be applied to iron-containing solid wastes such as red mud, copper smelting slag, copper depleted slag and the like, and has strong raw material adaptability; the technology does not need a pelletizer sintering process, shortens the process flow and has high recovery rate of valuable elements.
2. The invention relates to a novel high-efficiency short-flow ironmaking technology integrating a suspension smelting technology, a molten pool smelting technology and an electrothermal reduction technology. The first section is a suspension smelting zone and has the characteristics of good dynamic conditions and high reduction speed; the second section is a side-blown molten pool smelting reduction zone, so that the heat efficiency is high, the stirring capacity is high, and the reaction speed is high; the third section of the electric heating reduction area can deeply reduce residual valuable elements and finish the sedimentation of metal in slag, thereby improving the recovery rate of the metal.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace shown in fig. 1 is used for treating iron-based minerals (high phosphorus ore, the components and contents of which are shown in the table below), and the specific process is as follows:
TABLE 1
| Components | TFe | P | CaO | SiO 2 | MgO |
| wt％ | 46.65 | 0.81 | 5.52 | 10.02 | 0.76 |
| Components | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | P 2 O 5 | ||
| wt％ | 5.97 | 64.34 | 1.90 |
The high phosphorus ore is taken as a raw material, quicklime is taken as a flux, and the high phosphorus ore is dehydrated to 0.5 percent and the granularity is ground to 75 microns; the flux is proportioned according to binary alkalinity (CaO content in the flux/SiO in the material) 2 Content), adjusting the binary alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 =0.8. The raw materials entering the furnace are premixed according to a binary alkalinity scheme and then are sprayed into the suspension reaction tower through a nozzle by means of compressed air, and are distributed in a dispersed manner.The suspension reaction tower respectively passes through a preheating zone, a reducing zone and a melting zone at 800 ℃, 1300 ℃ and 1550 ℃, oxygen-enriched air (oxygen with 70 percent of concentration) and natural gas are blown by a spray gun in the preheating zone, and oxygen-enriched air (oxygen with 70 percent of concentration), natural gas and coal powder are blown in the reducing zone and the melting zone. The smelting melt (the reduction rate of iron oxide to metal is controlled at 60%) from the suspension reaction tower falls to a side-blowing zone in a liquid form for side-blown bath smelting. The temperature of the area is controlled at 1580 ℃, and the spray gun adopts an integrated spray gun: oxygen enrichment (oxygen concentration is 80%), fuel (coal dust) and reducing agent (coal dust) are injected by a spray gun, so that 95% reduction of metal oxides in iron-containing materials is realized; slag and molten iron generated in the side blowing zone enter an electric heating reduction section, and a reducing agent (lump coal) can be added into the furnace top in a reducing agent adding mode, so that the deep reduction of valuable metal oxides such as iron in the slag and the static settlement of metal impurities in the slag are finally realized, and the molten iron is obtained; the operation temperature of the electric heating reduction section is 1600 ℃, the reduction rate of iron is 98.5 percent, the recovery rate is 97 percent, the flue gas temperature is 1580 ℃, and molten iron and slag are discharged periodically.
Example 2:
in this example, a suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace shown in fig. 1 is used to process iron-based minerals (vanadium titano-magnetite, the components and contents of which are shown in the following table), and the specific process is as follows:
TABLE 2
| Components | TFe | V 2 O 5 | TiO 2 | CaO | SiO 2 | MgO |
| wt％ | 55.08 | 1.74 | 13.78 | 0.07 | 1.46 | 1.00 |
| Components | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | P 2 O 5 | FeO | ||
| wt％ | 3.83 | 69.6 | 0.3 | 8.24 |
Vanadium titano-magnetite is used as a raw material, limestone is used as a fusing agent, and the vanadium titano-magnetite is uniformly dehydrated to 0.4 percent, and the granularity is ground to 95 microns; the flux is proportioned according to binary alkalinity (CaO content in the flux/SiO in the material) 2 Content) to adjust the binary basicity CaO/SiO 2 =0.8. The raw materials entering the furnace are premixed according to a binary alkalinity scheme and then are sprayed into the suspension reaction tower through a nozzle, and are distributed in a dispersion shape. The suspension reaction tower is internally and respectively penetrated through a preheating zone, a reducing zone and a melting zone at the temperature of 900 ℃, 1350 ℃ and 1500 ℃, a spray gun in the preheating zone sprays oxygen-enriched (oxygen with the concentration of 80%) and coal powder, and a spray gun in the reducing zone and the melting zone sprays oxygen-enriched (oxygen with the concentration of 70%), coal powder and hydrogen. The smelt from the suspension reaction tower (the reduction rate of iron oxides to metal is controlled at 50%) is dropped in liquid form to a side-blown zone for side-blown bath smelting. The temperature of the area is controlled at 1550 ℃, and the spray gun adopts a split type spray gun: one spray gun adopts nitrogen as carrier gas to spray and blow coal powder; one spray gun is a double-channel spray gun, oxygen enrichment (oxygen concentration is 60%) and natural gas are sprayed, and 95% reduction of metal oxides in iron-containing materials is realized; slag and molten iron generated in the side blowing zone enter an electric heating reduction section, and a reducing agent (lump coal) can be added into the furnace top in a reducing agent adding mode, so that the deep reduction of valuable metal oxides such as iron in the slag and the static settlement of metal impurities in the slag are finally realized, and the molten iron is obtained; the operation temperature of the electric heating reduction section is 1650 ℃, the reduction rate of iron is 99 percent, the recovery rate is 95.5 percent, the flue gas temperature is 1600 ℃, and molten iron and slag are discharged periodically.
Example 3:
in this example, the suspension side-blown electrothermic smelting furnace shown in fig. 1 is used to treat iron-based minerals (iron concentrate, the components and contents of which are shown in the following table), and the specific process is as follows:
TABLE 3
| Components | TFe | FeO | MgO | CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 |
| wt％ | 65.27 | 18.36 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 4.86 | 0.39 |
Taking iron ore concentrate as a raw material and quicklime as a flux, uniformly dehydrating to 0.2%, and grinding the granularity to 100 microns; the flux is proportioned according to binary alkalinity (CaO content in flux/SiO in material) 2 Content), adjusting the binary alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 =1.0. The raw materials entering the furnace are premixed according to a binary alkalinity scheme and then are sprayed into the suspension reaction tower through a nozzle, and are distributed in a dispersion shape. The suspension reaction tower respectively passes through a preheating zone, a reduction zone and a melting zone at the temperature of 700 ℃, 1350 ℃ and 1600 ℃, a spray gun in the preheating zone sprays oxygen-enriched gas (oxygen with the concentration of 80%) and coal gas, and the reduction zone and the melting zone spray oxygen-enriched gas (oxygen with the concentration of 80%), hydrogen and coal powder. The smelting melt (the reduction rate of iron oxide to metal is controlled at 70%) from the suspension reaction tower falls to a side-blowing zone in a liquid form for side-blown bath smelting. The temperature of the zone is controlled at 1650 ℃, and the spray gun selects an integrated spray gun: oxygen enrichment (oxygen concentration is 80%), fuel (natural gas) and reducing agent (hydrogen) are injected by a spray gun, and 93% reduction of metal oxide in the iron-containing material is realized; slag and molten iron generated in the side blowing zone enter an electrothermal reduction section, and a reducing agent (lump coal) can be added into the furnace top in a reducing agent adding mode, so that the deep reduction of valuable metal oxides such as iron in the slag and the metal inclusion in the slag are finally realizedStatically settling to obtain molten iron; the operation temperature of the electrothermal reduction section is 1650 ℃, the reduction rate of iron is 99 percent, the recovery rate is 97 percent, the flue gas temperature is 1600 ℃, and molten iron and slag are discharged periodically.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, the iron-based mineral (red mud, the components and contents of which are shown in the table) is treated by using the suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace shown in fig. 1, and the specific process is as follows:
TABLE 4
| Components | TFe | Na 2 O | TiO 2 | CaO | SiO 2 | MgO |
| wt％ | 46.77 | 1.02 | 5.35 | 0.19 | 1.93 | 0.14 |
| Components | Al 2 O 3 | S | P | FeO | K2O | |
| wt％ | 12.45 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 0.05 |
Uniformly dehydrating red mud serving as a raw material and limestone serving as a flux to 0.2%, and grinding the particle size to 65 microns; the flux is proportioned according to binary alkalinity (CaO content in the flux/SiO in the material) 2 Content), adjusting the binary alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 =0.8. The raw materials entering the furnace are premixed according to a binary alkalinity scheme and then are sprayed into the suspension reaction tower through a nozzle, and are distributed in a dispersion shape. The suspension reaction tower is internally and respectively passed through a preheating zone, a reducing zone and a melting zone, the temperatures are 900 ℃, 1350 ℃ and 1500 ℃, a spray gun in the preheating zone sprays oxygen-enriched (oxygen with the concentration of 80%) and coal gas, and a spray gun in the reducing zone and the melting zone sprays oxygen-enriched (oxygen with the concentration of 70%), heavy oil and coal powder. The smelting melt (the reduction rate of iron oxide to metal is controlled at 80%) from the suspension reaction tower falls to the side-blowing zone in liquid form for side-blown bath smelting. The temperature of the area is controlled at 1550 ℃, and the spray gun adopts a split type spray gun: a lance for injecting hydrogen; one spray gun is a double-channel spray gun, oxygen enrichment (oxygen concentration is 60%) and natural gas are sprayed, and 95% reduction of metal oxides in iron-containing materials is realized; slag and molten iron generated in the side blowing zone enter an electrothermal reduction section, and a reducing agent (lump coal) can be added into the furnace top in a reducing agent adding mode to finally realize the deep reduction of valuable metal oxides such as iron in the slag and the static settlement of metal impurities in the slag to obtainObtaining molten iron; the operation temperature of the electric heating reduction section is 1650 ℃, the reduction rate of iron is 99 percent, the recovery rate is 94 percent, the flue gas temperature is 1600 ℃, and molten iron and slag are discharged periodically.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, the side-blowing lance in the side-blowing zone was eliminated, and the rest remained the same as in example 1. The final iron reduction rate was 80% and the recovery rate was 78%.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, the heating electrode of the electric heating area and the reducing agent of the electric heating area were taken and added, and only the sedimentation treatment was performed. The final iron reduction rate was 93% and the recovery rate was 90%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. The suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace is characterized by comprising a suspension reaction tower (10) and a sedimentation tank (20) which are integrally arranged, and further comprising a reducing agent supply unit, a fuel supply unit and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit; wherein:
the top of the suspension reaction tower (10) is provided with a mineral aggregate injection port (101) to be smelted, the top and/or the side part is also provided with a plurality of first spray guns (102), each first spray gun (102) is independently connected with at least one of the reducing agent supply unit, the fuel supply unit or the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the suspension reaction tower (10) is used for enabling the mineral aggregate to be smelted to perform suspension smelting reaction;
the sedimentation tank (20) is of a horizontal structure, the sedimentation tank (20) comprises a side blowing area (21) and an electric heating area (22) which are communicated with each other along the length direction of the sedimentation tank (20), and the top of the side blowing area (21) is directly communicated with the bottom of the suspension reaction tower (10); a plurality of second spray guns (201) are arranged on the side wall of the side blowing area (21), and a heating electrode (202) is arranged on the electric heating area (22); the second spray guns (201) are each independently connected to at least one of the reducing agent supply unit, the fuel supply unit and the oxygen-containing gas.
2. The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the suspension reaction tower (10) is sequentially divided into a preheating zone (11), a reduction zone (12) and a melting zone (13) from top to bottom, the plurality of first injection lances (102) includes at least three groups, each group of the first injection lances (102) includes at least two first injection lances (102), wherein the preheating zone (11), the reduction zone (12) and the melting zone (13) are respectively provided with at least one group of the first injection lances (102).
3. The electrothermal smelting furnace of claim 2, wherein,
the first lance (102) disposed in the preheating zone (11) is connected to the fuel supply unit and the oxygen-containing gas supply unit; wherein the first lance (102) arranged in the preheating zone (11) is a two-pass lance, the inner pass thereof being connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and the outer pass thereof being connected to the fuel supply unit; or,
the first lance (102) disposed in the preheating zone (11) is a single pass lance, one part of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and the other part of which is connected to the fuel supply unit;
one part of the first spray guns (102) arranged in the reduction zone (12) is a single-passage spray gun and is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part is a double-passage spray gun, the inner passage of the double-passage spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer passage of the double-passage spray gun is connected with the fuel supply unit; or the first spray gun (102) arranged in the reduction zone (12) is a three-channel spray gun, the inner channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, the middle channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and the outer channel of the three-channel spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit;
one part of the first lances (102) provided in the melting zone (13) is a single-passage lance and connected to the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part is a double-passage lance, an inner passage of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit and an outer passage of which is connected to the fuel supply unit; alternatively, the first lance (102) disposed in the melting zone (13) is a three-channel lance, an inner channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel thereof being connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel thereof being connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit.
4. The levitation side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an uptake (30), wherein the uptake (30) is disposed at the top of the side-blown region (21) and is communicated with the side-blown region, and the uptake (30) is disposed at one end of the side-blown region (21) close to the electrothermal region (22), and the levitation reactor (10) is disposed at one end of the side-blown region (21) far away from the electrothermal region (22).
5. A suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that the uptake shaft (30) and the sedimentation basin (20) are also integrated, and a side wall of the uptake shaft (30) near the side of the electrothermal zone (22) extends inwards of the sedimentation basin (20) to form a partition wall between the side-blowing zone (21) and the electrothermal zone (22).
6. The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second lance (201) is connected with at least one of the reductant supply unit, the fuel supply unit and the oxygen-containing gas supply unit independently of each other.
7. The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace of claim 6,
the second spray gun (201) is a three-channel integrated spray gun, an inner channel of the second spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit, an intermediate channel of the second spray gun is connected with the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer channel of the second spray gun is connected with the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit; or,
among the plurality of the second spray guns (201), a part is a single-passage spray gun connected to the reducing agent supply unit, and the other part is a double-passage spray gun, an inner passage of which is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supply unit, and an outer passage of which is connected to the reducing agent supply unit or the fuel supply unit.
8. The suspension side-blown electrothermal smelting furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that the top of the side-blown zone (21) is further provided with a plurality of heat-supplementing burners (203).
9. The suspension side-blown electrothermo-winning furnace according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the side-blown zone (21) to the length of the electro-thermal zone (22) in the length direction of the settler (20) is 0.5-3.
10. Suspension side-blowing electrothermal smelting furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that the side-blowing zone (21) is flush with the bottom wall of the electric hot zone (22), or the bottom wall of the electric hot zone (22) is lower than the bottom wall of the side-blowing zone (21); the top height of the side blowing zone (21) is higher than that of the electric heating zone (22).
11. A smelting method of an iron-based mineral, characterized in that the iron-based mineral is smelted using the floating side-blown electrothermic smelting furnace of any one of claims 1 to 10, the smelting method comprising the steps of:
using compressed air or inert gas as a carrier, injecting iron-based minerals and a fusing agent from the top of a suspension reaction tower (10) through an ore material injection port (101) to be smelted, and simultaneously injecting at least one of a reducing agent, fuel or oxygen-containing gas into the suspension reaction tower (10) through a first spray gun (102) so as to enable the iron-based minerals to be subjected to suspension smelting reaction;
the smelting melt obtained by the suspension smelting reaction directly falls into a side blowing zone (21) of a sedimentation tank (20) through the bottom of the suspension reaction tower (10), and at least one of the reducing agent, the fuel or the oxygen-containing gas is further blown into a slag layer of the side blowing zone (21) through a second spray gun (201) so as to enable the smelting melt to carry out a molten pool smelting reaction;
smelting products obtained by the smelting reaction of the molten pool enter an electric heating area (22) of the sedimentation tank (20) and are subjected to electric heating reduction under the heating of a heating electrode (202) to obtain molten iron and slag.
12. The smelting method of an iron-based mineral according to claim 11, wherein the suspension reaction tower (10) is divided into a preheating zone (11), a reducing zone (12) and a melting zone (13) in sequence from top to bottom, and during the suspension smelting reaction, the temperature of the preheating zone (11) is controlled to be 600 to 1000 ℃, the temperature of the reducing zone (12) is controlled to be 1000 to 1450 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone (13) is controlled to be 1450 to 1650 ℃;
preferably, the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are injected therein by means of the first lance (102) arranged in the preheating zone (11) to control the temperature of the preheating zone (11); injecting the fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and the reducing agent thereinto through the first injection lance (102) provided in the reduction zone (12) to control the temperature of the reduction zone (12) and to subject the iron-based minerals to the preliminary suspension smelting reaction; injecting the fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and the reducing agent therein by means of the first lance (102) arranged in the melting zone (13) to control the temperature of the melting zone (13), to subject the iron-based mineral to a further suspension smelting reaction, and to melt the resulting smelt to form the smelt melt.
13. The method for smelting an iron-based mineral according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the temperature of the side-blowing zone (21) is controlled to be 1550 to 1650 ℃ during the bath smelting reaction;
preferably, the second spray gun (201) is a three-channel integrated spray gun, the reducing agent is sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone (21) through an inner layer channel of the three-channel integrated spray gun, the oxygen-containing gas is sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone (21) through an intermediate layer channel of the three-channel integrated spray gun, and the reducing agent or the fuel is sprayed into the slag layer of the side blowing zone (21) through an outer layer channel of the three-channel integrated spray gun; or a part of the plurality of second spray guns (201) are single-channel spray guns and are used for spraying the reducing agent into the slag layer of the side-blowing area (21), the other part of the plurality of second spray guns are double-channel spray guns, the oxygen-containing gas is sprayed into the slag layer of the side-blowing area (21) through inner layer channels of the plurality of second spray guns, and the reducing agent or the fuel is sprayed into the slag layer of the side-blowing area (21) through outer layer channels of the plurality of second spray guns;
preferably, the side blowing zone (21) is subjected to heat supplementing through a heat supplementing burner (203) so as to maintain the temperature of the side blowing zone (21);
preferably, coke is added to the bath during said bath smelting reaction.
14. A method of smelting an iron-based mineral according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein during the electro-thermal reduction, the temperature of the electric hot zone (22) is controlled to be 1550 to 1780 ℃;
preferably, during the electro-thermal reduction, a massive reducing agent is added into the electro-thermal zone (22) through a reducing agent feeding port at the top of the electro-thermal zone, or the reducing agent is sprayed into the electro-thermal zone through a third spray gun.
15. The method of smelting an iron-based mineral according to claim 14,
the blocky reducing agent is one or more of blocky coal, coke, petroleum coke, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese;
the injected reducing agent is a powdery reducing agent and/or a gaseous reducing agent, preferably one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal gas and hydrogen;
the fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, coal powder, coal gas, hydrogen, coke powder and gasoline;
the oxygen-containing gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen;
the iron-based minerals are one or more of iron ore concentrate, vanadium titano-magnetite, sea placer, high-phosphorus iron ore, laterite-nickel ore and iron-containing solid waste, and preferably, the iron-containing solid waste is one or more of red mud, copper smelting slag and copper depleted slag;
the flux is a calcium flux, preferably quicklime and/or limestone;
preferably, said iron-based mineral and said flux are CaO/SiO in accordance with a binary basicity 2 And (5) mixing the materials according to the ratio of 0.5 to 1.5.
16. The method of smelting an iron-based mineral according to claim 15, wherein prior to injecting the iron-based mineral and the flux through the ore charge injection port (101) to be smelted, the method further comprises: dehydrating the iron-based mineral and the flux until the water content is lower than 1wt%; and grinding the dehydrated iron-based minerals and the flux until the particle size is less than 150 mu m.
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