CN1325672C - Lead smelting method and apparatus implementing the same - Google Patents
Lead smelting method and apparatus implementing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1325672C CN1325672C CNB2006100666484A CN200610066648A CN1325672C CN 1325672 C CN1325672 C CN 1325672C CN B2006100666484 A CNB2006100666484 A CN B2006100666484A CN 200610066648 A CN200610066648 A CN 200610066648A CN 1325672 C CN1325672 C CN 1325672C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a lead smelting method. Raw materials containing lead and fusing agents generate smelting high lead slag with high temperature through an oxygen bottom blowing smelter, and metal lead and waste slag are directly reduced through the following steps. The method comprises the following steps: a. the smelting high lead slag is reduced in a first electrothermal region which is correspondingly sealed through red hot coke column with a gap, which is formed in the middle, and liquid work lead, furnace slag and smoke gas are generated; b. the liquid work lead and the furnace slag which are obtained in the step a are reduced again, clarified and separated in a second electrothermal region which is correspondingly sealed through red hot coke particles, and thereby, final work lead, furnace slag and smoke gas are obtained. In order to implement the lead smelting method of the present invention, the present invention also provides an electric furnace with a vertical well. Because the reduction reaction of the present invention is carried out in the correspondingly sealed state, the present invention has the advantages of no wind blowing and little smoke gas quantity, and thus, the heat quantity brought by the smoke gas with high temperature is little. The coke consumption is largely reduced, and the energy is economically used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical technology field, the device that especially relates to a kind of lead smelting process and be used to realize this lead smelting process.
Background technology
Traditional refining splicer skill mainly contains sintering pot-blast furnace flow process and sinter machine-blast furnace flow process.These two kinds of sintering methods mainly are to use the agglomerating method to pass through retailoring of blast furnace lead ore concentrate.There is serious environmental issue in sintering pot-blast furnace flow process in production application, the SO that produces in the sintering process
2Flue gas is all emptyings owing to can't recycle, and atmospheric environment is caused severe contamination, and a large amount of back powder operations causes the low latitude disperse of lead fume dirt, the environmental pollution that brings lead fume dirt again in the while sintering process.Sinter machine-blast furnace flow process, the flue gas SO of output
2Content is low, and the actual production transformation efficiency has only about 80% in the domestic acid-making process that generally adopts, and exhaust emissions does not still reach environmental requirement, and sulfuric acid product is of low quality.TOPSOE relieving haperacidity technology is arranged, but technology software and hardware expense costliness is extremely unreasonable economically abroad, and this flow process exists equally sintering process to return the low latitude disperse problem of the lead fume dirt that the dirt operation causes in a large number, environmental issue still can't solve.In addition, these two kinds of sintering methods, the oxidation reaction heat that produces in the sintering process all can't be recycled, smelting process energy consumption height.At present, external comparative maturity advanced person's refining splicer skill also has Kivicet method, QSL method, top blast submergence smelting process, and they have all solved the environmental issue in the plumbous smelting process preferably, but the implementation cost height, initial cost is big, economic benefit is relatively poor.
At above-mentioned deficiency, prior art has proposed two kinds of solutions, first kind of solution is that once to have proposed application number on November 25th, 2003 to Patent Office of the People's Republic of China be 200310113789.3 to the contriver, denomination of invention is the patent application of " a kind of lead smelting process and device thereof that adopts oxygen bottom-blowing-blast furnace reduction ", this patent application has solved many problems that traditional refining splicer plants and exists really, but the subsequent disposal link of its high-temperature fusion lead skim (being rich lead skim) still comes with some shortcomings, mainly comprise: (1) has additionally increased casting slag equipment, with rich lead skim cooling, behind the ingot bar, send into blast furnace reduction again; (2) heat energy utilization is poor, rich lead skim cooling ingot bar, and heat fused reduction in blast furnace again, liquid rich lead skim sensible heat wastes, and has increased the smelting energy consumption, has brought dust problem simultaneously; (3) blast furnace reduction, exhaust gas volumn is big, and the coke rate reaches 14-17%, and its cost is higher relatively.
The another kind of solution that prior art proposes is that application number is 03126234.1, denomination of invention is the Chinese patent application of " the plumbous method of bottom convertor high lead slag liquid directly reduction refining ", though this method also is with the directly retailoring in reduction furnace of high-temperature fusion lead skim, but also there are many deficiencies in this method when the reduction of high-temperature fusion lead skim is handled, mainly comprise: this method mainly is with gas (air) effect vigorous reaction to take place by fine coal or coke powder (grain) to obtain CO gas, liberated heat comes the maintenance process temperature, and the CO gas of generation and liquid (fusion high lead slag) react produces metallic lead [2-4 reciprocal is capable referring to this patent application specification page 2]; Obviously, it must need the participation of a large amount of air in reaction process, so need establish combustion-supporting air port in the high lead slag ingress in reduction furnace, blasts air in certain amount and makes fine coal or coke burn, to keep furnace temperature.Simultaneously also main air port need be set, blast a large amount of air and come the maintenance process temperature, and carry out reduction reaction in the body of heater bottom.The participation of these air produces a large amount of flue gases (when especially in anyhow in conjunction with stove, blasting high-pressure air) when will cause the reduction of fusion high lead slag to be handled, contain the saturated lead and the steam of plumbous oxide in these flue gases, handle these flue gases and not only brought new problem to art breading, and produce volume of smoke and need return the processing of bottom-blown smelting stove, also reduced the plumbous yield that reverts back simultaneously; In addition, the processing of this method is owing to be not the relative closure state, and the heat turnover rate is very high, and the coke consumption amount is also very high, and energy utilization is uneconomical.How overcoming the excessive flue gas that this art breading produces, reduce the lead dust amount of returning, is that industry is generally felt an extremely thorny difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of lead smelting process that in the environment of relative closure, reduction reaction is divided into two stages, have the excessive smoke problem that art breading produces now to overcome, and fully improved the rate of recovery of plumbous Pb.
The invention provides a kind of lead smelting process, it is that raw material containing lead, flux are produced pyritous fusion high lead slag by the oxygen bottom-blowing stove, directly is reduced into metallic lead and waste by following step, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A, in the first electric heating district of relative closure, there is the coke post of the red heat in space to reduce the lead bullion of output liquid state, slag and flue gas this fusion high lead slag by intermediate formation;
B, the lead bullion of the liquid state that obtains among the step a, the slag coke grain by red heat in the second electric heating district of relative closure reduced once more and heavy sorting from, thereby obtain final lead bullion, slag and flue gas;
Described relative closure is meant avoids air to participate in the reduction reaction of carrying out in this oxygen bottom-blowing stove as far as possible;
Trace is plumbous, the zinc fume flue gas to containing of producing during reduction reaction among described step a and the step b, and carries out conventional individual curing or merge handling.
This method also can may further comprise the steps:
If the described raw material containing lead of c contains valuable metals such as zinc that needs reclaim, germanium, indium, slag can reclaim above-mentioned valuable metal by fuming furnace, otherwise slag that directly will be final is delivered to the slag field through the Water Quenching of routine.
Heat by the heated by electrodes device in the described first electric heating district and the second electric heating district.
Preferred 1050 ~ 1300 ℃ of the temperature in the first electric heating district under the closed state among the described step a.
Preferred 1150 ~ 1250 ℃ of the temperature in the second electric heating district under the closed state among the described step a.
In addition, in order to implement lead smelting process of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of electric furnace that has vertical shaft, and this electric furnace is made up of vertical shaft and horizontal electric heating portion, wherein:
Vertical shaft inside is provided with first cavity, this vertical shaft top offers slag opening for feed, flux coke feed mouth and smoke outlet, on the sidewall of this horizontal electric heating portion and vertical shaft, be respectively equipped with the heated by electrodes device that is used to heat usefulness, be provided with in the end of this horizontal electric heating portion and put plumbous mouthful and slag notch, be provided with Jiao at the top of this horizontal electric heating portion and add inlet;
This horizontal electric heating portion inside is provided with second cavity that is interconnected with first cavity;
On the sidewall of this vertical shaft, be provided with the afterfire burner.
Adopt technology of the present invention and device, can reach following effect:
(1) the present invention is owing to use the oxygen bottom-blowing stove to form the high-temperature liquid state high lead slag, so the present invention has Chinese invention patent application related in the background technology 200310113789.3 described advantages, and advantages such as, sulfur recovery rate height good as environmental protection.
(2) the present invention is owing to use the electric furnace that has vertical shaft that the high-temperature liquid state high lead slag is directly reduced, substitute and handle cooling-ingot bar-blast furnace reduction flow process that lead oxidation slag carried out in the Chinese invention patent application 200310113789.3, reduced the loss of system thermal, saved the coke equal energy source, simplified flow process, reduce operator, also overcome plumbous steam and hot problem of distributing in the operating environment.
(3) the present invention is owing to be to be in the reduction reaction that the first electric heating district under the relative closure state and the second electric heating district carry out coke (solid-state) and high lead slag (liquid state), the air (gaseous state) that carries out under the semi-closed state that replaces needing a large amount of air to participate in the Chinese invention patent application 03126234.1, fine coal or coke powder (grain) (gaseous state, solid-state) and the reduction reaction of high lead slag (liquid state), PbO reaction production metal Pb in reduction furnace in coke and the high lead slag, perhaps the O atomic reaction in coke and the high lead slag is produced CO, and this CO also can react the production metal Pb with the PbO in the high lead slag.The present invention is owing to the reduction reaction of avoiding in the air participation reduction furnace as far as possible, the flue gas that makes reduction furnace produce significantly reduces, according to estimates, the exhaust gas volumn of its generation is less than 1/10 of Chinese invention patent application 03126234.1 exhaust gas volumn that produces, relative fume amount also only is its 1/1O, and the minimizing that flue gas and fume amount are the order of magnitude has also alleviated the burden of follow-up flue gas processing links greatly.Reduction reaction of the present invention is owing to carry out under the relative closure state, not air blast, and exhaust gas volumn is few, so the heat that high-temperature flue gas is taken away is also seldom, and its coke consumption amount also greatly reduces, energy utilization economy.
The present invention is taken up in order of priority high-temperature fusant and carries out reduction reaction by coke post and two stages of coke grain of red heat, the existence of its one side fs coke post and the control air of trying one's best do not participate in reduction reaction makes the flue gas in the reduction furnace reduce as far as possible, on the other hand, subordinate phase coke grain can so that the fs fail abundant reductive PbO continued the reaction, and fully contact with slag that the fs is obtained and (to compare with the coke post, contacting of coke grain and slag is more abundant), PbO in the slag is reduced as far as possible, thereby improved the recovery utilization rate of Pb.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall craft schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view that has the electric furnace of vertical shaft of the present invention.
Embodiment
Explain technical scheme provided by the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but not as the restriction to claim protection domain of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the leady raw materials of selecting for use is a lead ore concentrate, its major ingredient following (weight percent):
Pb S SiO
2 Fe CaO Au Ag
55％ 18％ 6％ 11％ 3.5％ 15g/t 800g/t
As shown in Figure 1, with this lead ore concentrate and solvent batching, granulate after, send into melting in the oxygen bottom-blowing stove, produce fusion high lead slag and lead bullion of high-temperature liquid state, its concrete technical process repeats no more Chinese invention patent application 200310113789.3 existing descriptions herein.Because in the technical scheme of this patent application, high lead slag is by casting slag machine cooling ingot bar, form the lead oxidation slag piece, and same coke button, flux piece are sent into blast furnace reduction together, thereby obtain lead bullion and waste, obviously this technical scheme need be cooled off lead oxidation slag, when blast furnace reduction, heat again, obviously exist energy utilization unreasonable, and also many casting slag links on the operation, input cost increases, and casting slag process also has a small amount of lead steam loss, in the time of contaminate environment, also reduce lead recovery.
The fusion high lead slag that highlights this high-temperature liquid state below is how to reduce to handle.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as main device of the present invention: the cross-sectional view that has the electric furnace of vertical shaft, this electric furnace 10 is a horizontal L type electric furnace that has vertical shaft 20, by vertical shaft 20 and laterally electric heating portion 21 form, wherein: these horizontal electric heating portion 21 inside are provided with second cavity 40; Vertical shaft 20 inside are provided with first cavity 41 that is interconnected with second cavity 40;
Vertical shaft 20 tops offer high-temperature liquid state slag opening for feed 11, solvent coke feed mouth 12 and smoke outlet 13, laterally be respectively equipped with the heated by electrodes device 16,15 (structure of this heated by electrodes device is common commercially available prod) that is used to heat usefulness on electric heating portion 21 tops and vertical shaft 20 sidewalls, be provided with siphon lead tap 18 and siphon slag notch 17 in horizontal electric heating portion 21.
Also be provided with afterfire burner 14 on vertical shaft 20 sidewalls, this afterfire burner 14 is for the CO that will overflow in the vertical shaft 20 burns fully, and guarantees the temperature on coke post 30 tops, and flue gas can directly be discharged in the atmosphere after burning.The structure of afterfire burner 14 is a prior art.
Laterally the sidewall of electric heating portion 21 and vertical shaft 20 is made up of outer steel shell, packing layer, thermal insulation layer and refractory brick in regular turn, and its outside is provided with the less water cover and cools off, and these structures are practice.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and Fig. 2 the described lead smelting process of the specific embodiment of the invention is elaborated.
Frame of broken lines indicates as shown in Figure 1, the high-temperature liquid state fusion high lead slag of the leaded 40%-50% of melting output is sent in the burner hearth on vertical shaft 20 tops through the warm sludge chute of removable dismounting continuously in the oxygen bottom-blowing stove by slag opening for feed 11, the flux that flux coke feed mouth 12 adds through the block coke with certain deal of weighing and needs to adjust, and in this vertical shaft 20, formed a fixed coke post 30, these coke post 30 intermediate formation have is convenient to the gap that melt-flow is crossed, temperature in the general assurance vertical shaft 20 is 1050～1300 ℃, in order to guarantee that this coke post 30 is fervid shape, as shown in Figure 2, on the sidewall of vertical shaft 20, be provided with the heated by electrodes device 15 that is used to heat usefulness, in second cavity 40 of vertical shaft 20, be formed with the first electric heating district of relative closure, this heated by electrodes device and following heated by electrodes device 16 be made as common conventional techniques.Because the coke in this fervid coke post is a lumphy structure, there is bigger gap between the coke briquette, the melt that includes liquid fusion high lead slag drops to the bottom of vertical shaft 20 by these gaps, in the decline process, finish reduction reaction, when arriving the bottom of vertical shaft, these fusion high lead slag major parts are reduced to liquid lead bullion, slag, produce the flue gas that contains CO simultaneously, and this is the fs of reduction reaction in the embodiment of the invention: the once reduction of coke post.
Then, liquid lead bullion and slag, flow into horizontal electric heating portion 21 together in company with the part of coke slag, the top of this horizontal electric heating portion 21 is provided with the heated by electrodes device 16 that is used to heat usefulness, in second cavity 40 of horizontal electric heating portion 21, be formed with the second electric heating district of relative closure, laterally the temperature of electric heating portion 21 remains on about 1150～1250 ℃ temperature, and, add inlet 19 to add an amount of grain burnt by the grain that is arranged at horizontal electric heating portion 21 tops is burnt, and valuable metals such as lead residual in the slag and a little zinc are further reduced, the existence of grain burnt 31 has enlarged itself and the contact surface of melt, raising reduction reaction speed.The final melt that obtains is through settlement separate, thereby obtain final lead bullion, slag and flue gas, 21 furnace chamber downsides are respectively equipped with siphon slag notch 17 and siphon lead tap 18 in horizontal electric heating portion, and reducing slag is regularly discharged by this slag notch 17, and lead bullion is then discharged continuously by siphon lead tap 18.If contain zinc in the leady raw materials when low, reducing slag send the slag field through after the shrend, if leady raw materials contains valuable metals such as zinc, germanium, indium when high, reducing slag is sent into fuming furnace reclaim valuable metal.
The flue gas of vertical shaft 20 generations in the present embodiment behind the afterfire burner 14 after-flame CO by top, enters the existing cooling of conventional flue gas (recovery of heat) and the emptying of dust-removal system (not shown) through smoke outlet 13 again.Laterally but the flue gas individual curing of electric heating portion 21 also can merge with the vertical shaft flue gas and handle.
The described high-temperature liquid state fusion of present embodiment high lead slag is by directly retailoring, operation, the feeding system of existing high lead slag cooling ingot bar have been substituted, simplified flow process, and utilized the waste heat of slag fully, it is in the processing of reduction process, be different from the treatment scheme that needs a large amount of air, fine coal or coke granule to participate in the Chinese invention patent application 03126234.1 fully, it does not need a large amount of air blast, the coke consumption amount of reduction usefulness is well below the air blast reducing process, and the coke consumption amount is near theoretical consumption 170kg/tPb.The present invention has environmental protection, saves energy consumption, less investment, low cost and other advantages.The described brand-new high-temperature liquid state fusion high lead slag reduction smelting method of present embodiment, in a horizontal electric furnace that has a vertical shaft, finish the reducing and smelting process, in the horizontal electric heating portion's 21 conduct subsidy reduction of electric furnace and the functions of precipitate and separate, the lead tolerance of the slag after the reduction can drop to about 3%, is better than in the Chinese invention patent application 200310113789.3 handling the cooling-ingot bar-blast furnace reduction flow process that high lead slag carried out and the many index of Chinese invention patent application 03126234.1 described air blast reduction flow process fully.
The present invention described herein is easy to change on specifically described content basis, revises and/or replenishes, and is understandable that all these variations, correction and/or replenishes all to be included in mechanism described above of the present invention and the tooling scope.
Claims (8)
1. lead smelting process, it produces pyritous fusion high lead slag with raw material containing lead, solvent by the oxygen bottom-blowing stove, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
A, in the first electric heating district of relative closure, there is the coke post of the red heat in space to reduce the lead bullion of output liquid state, slag and flue gas this fusion high lead slag by intermediate formation;
B, the lead bullion of the liquid state that obtains among the step a, the slag coke grain by red heat in the second electric heating district of relative closure reduced once more and heavy sorting from, thereby obtain final lead bullion, slag and flue gas;
Described relative closure is meant avoids air to participate in the reduction reaction of carrying out in this oxygen bottom-blowing stove as far as possible;
Trace is plumbous, the zinc fume flue gas to containing of producing during reduction reaction among described step a and the step b, and carries out conventional individual curing or merge handling.
2. lead smelting process according to claim 1, wherein, this method is further comprising the steps of:
If the described raw material containing lead of c contains the valuable metal that comprises zinc, germanium, indium that needs reclaim, so final slag is reclaimed valuable metal by fuming furnace, otherwise directly final slag is delivered to the slag field through conventional Water Quenching.
3. lead smelting process according to claim 1, wherein, heat by the heated by electrodes device in the described first electric heating district and the second electric heating district.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described lead smelting process, wherein, the temperature in the first electric heating district among the described step a is 1050 ~ 1300 ℃.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described lead smelting process, wherein, the temperature in the second electric heating district among the described step a is 1150 ~ 1250 ℃.
6. employed electric furnace that has vertical shaft of lead smelting process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this electric furnace by vertical shaft and laterally electric heating portion form, wherein,
Vertical shaft inside is provided with first cavity, this vertical shaft top offers slag opening for feed, flux coke feed mouth and smoke outlet, on the sidewall of this horizontal electric heating portion and vertical shaft, be respectively equipped with the heated by electrodes device that is used to heat usefulness, be provided with in the end of this horizontal electric heating portion and put plumbous mouthful and slag notch, be provided with Jiao at the top of this horizontal electric heating portion and add inlet;
This horizontal electric heating portion inside is provided with second cavity that is interconnected with first cavity;
On the sidewall of this vertical shaft, be provided with the afterfire burner.
7. the electric furnace that has vertical shaft according to claim 6, wherein, the sidewall of this horizontal electric heating portion and vertical shaft is made up of overcoat, packing layer, thermal insulation layer and flame retardant coating in regular turn.
8. the electric furnace that has vertical shaft according to claim 6 wherein, is equipped with the coke post that is formed by countless block coke in described first cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100666484A CN1325672C (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2006-04-17 | Lead smelting method and apparatus implementing the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100666484A CN1325672C (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2006-04-17 | Lead smelting method and apparatus implementing the same |
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| CN1837385A CN1837385A (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| CN1325672C true CN1325672C (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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| CN106705663A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-05-24 | 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 | Metallurgical furnace used for producing wet lead by reducing liquid lead-rich slag and using method thereof |
| CN107475522A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-15 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | A kind of method for reclaiming copper, selenium and lead in the relieving haperacidity process from copper blast furnace off-gas in caused high-copper selenium waste material |
| CN112921184B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 江西齐劲材料有限公司 | Pyrometallurgical lead smelting device and process |
| CN116287761A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-06-23 | 中南大学 | Method and device for pyrometallurgy of lead and zinc and application thereof |
| CN116024438B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-10-20 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Method for producing nickel product by using laterite-nickel ore |
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| CN1048890A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-01-30 | 乌塞苏玖兹尼矿石冶金科学调查研究所 | Equipment from concentrate of lead sulfide ore metal smelting lead |
| FR2695651A1 (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-03-18 | Metaleurop Sa | Process for recovering lead, in particular from the active material of used batteries, and an electric furnace intended in particular to implement the process. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0126053A1 (en) * | 1983-05-17 | 1984-11-21 | Boliden Aktiebolag | A method for producing lead from sulphidic lead raw material |
| CN1048890A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-01-30 | 乌塞苏玖兹尼矿石冶金科学调查研究所 | Equipment from concentrate of lead sulfide ore metal smelting lead |
| FR2695651A1 (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-03-18 | Metaleurop Sa | Process for recovering lead, in particular from the active material of used batteries, and an electric furnace intended in particular to implement the process. |
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| 我国铅锌冶炼现状与持续发展 蒋继穆，中国有色金属学报，第14卷第1期 2004 * |
| 我国铅锌冶炼现状与持续发展 蒋继穆，中国有色金属学报，第14卷第1期 2004;氧气低吹熔炼－鼓风炉还原炼铅新技术及应用 李东波等，有色金属（冶炼部分），第5期 2003 * |
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