CN1098672C - 可伸缩的体液收集装置 - Google Patents

可伸缩的体液收集装置 Download PDF

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CN1098672C
CN1098672C CN94194475A CN94194475A CN1098672C CN 1098672 C CN1098672 C CN 1098672C CN 94194475 A CN94194475 A CN 94194475A CN 94194475 A CN94194475 A CN 94194475A CN 1098672 C CN1098672 C CN 1098672C
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托马斯·J·肖
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Abstract

一种用于收集病人体液的可伸缩的体液收集装置,它包括:一细长管件;一可移动柱塞,前部有一开口,后部有一用于插入一收集管的开口,它可在管件内朝着或背离管件前端作轴向移动;一保持一管针的伸缩体,伸缩体沿着轴向可滑动界面由可移动柱塞摩擦夹持,可滑动界面包括至少一个在伸缩体上的配合表面和至少一个在可移动柱塞上的配合表面;可移动柱塞与摩擦夹持的伸缩体一起可朝着管件的前端移动到管针从管件的前端伸出的第一位置,可移动柱塞还可以移动到比第一位置更靠近前端的第二位置;一设置在前端与伸缩体之间的止动部件,在第一位置避免伸缩体进一步朝前移动;一安装在管件前端的作用于伸缩体的偏置部件,偏置部件使伸缩体缩回。

Description

可伸缩的体液收集装置
发明领域
本发明涉及一种从病人身体中收集体液的装置,尤其涉及一种能减少病人与医务人员之间相互沾染的可能性的装置。
背景技术
目前,AIDS传染病增加了为分析病人血液而进行的采样工作的危险性,这种危险是严重的、危及生命的危险。血液收集装置采用了一种插入病人静脉血管的管针,以通过管针把血液抽到收集容器。在抽取体液的过程以及其后的操作和清理过程中,有可能发生被使用过的管针所刺戳的危险。
通常用来采集血液的装置是由Becton Dickinson公司以商标Vacutainer出售的。这类传统的装置有一在端部有一根管针的管形注射体,管针的一部分朝后伸进管形注射器管件,管针的另一部分朝外伸出以刺进皮肤。具有橡胶止动件的真空收集管放入注射器状管件的开口的后端,由橡胶止动件抵着管针的内端。穿进皮肤后,推动收集管使管针进入真空管,从而有助于把血液抽到收集管。当得到了足够的样品时,收集管及其止动件被抽出并送到实验室。管针永久性地从放入收集管的注射器管件的端部伸出。因此,在处理用过的装置时需要小心翼翼。
有些用来采集体液的装置采用一可与夹持管针的注射器管螺旋配合的管针组件。管针组件有用于刺入病人静脉的管针的前端和插入真空管的管针的后端。用毕后,管针组件用人工处置。必须松开螺纹以加以丢弃或消毒。这种类型的其他装置采用一安装在前端的管针组件,该管针组件由一外部的锁定机构固定,该锁定机构能使处理者向前脱开管针组件而加以丢弃。但是,使用过的污染的管针组件对废料清理的人来讲仍继续具有危险性。管针组件的前面也可以加上一个弹簧便于组件的取出。Wanamaker的美国专利4,841,985揭示了这种类型的一个例子。
还有其他的装置可以让管针缩回到有保护罩的安全注射器内。有一个圆筒形的保护管件和一个在套管内可轴向移动的在里面的管针装载件。管针装载件有一个朝后偏置的、安装于在管件内的可滑动内套管中的管针。一连接于管针装载件的位置控制件延伸过在外套管中的槽,并可用手移动使管针缩回。然而,管针还可再伸出。缩回不是永久性的。Haber的美国专利4,813,426揭示了这样一种装置。这种装置需要复杂的部件,制造和组装费用较高。
人们希望有一种可缩回的体液收集装置,它只有不多几个容易组装、能批量生产因此成本较低的部件,并且该装置能自动永久地缩回。人们还希望有这样一种装置,它能提供一移动位置,在这个位置管针被包围起来而不需要一个另外的管针保护装置,而且使用时管针很容易伸出,不需要把管针装到另外的部件上。还希望有这样一种装置,这种装置能确保始终如一的可再现的缩回,使得使用过的被污染的管针整个地留在一安全的保护管件内,在这种装置中缩回机构不依赖于部件的挠曲或破裂。
发明概要
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种管针能永久缩回的组装容易的体液收集装置。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于收集病人体液的可精确缩回且组装方便的体液收集装置。同轴可伸缩件控制着管针的移动,该管针具有流体连通的两个相对的尖端,其中的一端可伸出以刺进静脉血管,而另一端暴露在可伸缩件内以穿过可取出的收集管的隔膜。管针固定于通过一可滑动界面耦合于一个可伸缩件的夹持件,可伸缩件与夹持件摩擦接触并能使管针移动到伸出在外的使用位置。通过约束针夹持件而移动与夹持件摩擦接触的部件,使针夹持件沿滑动界面在移动方向滑动地脱离,从而形成安全而可靠的缩回。
装置有一个具有前端的细长管件和一个在其内具有伸缩空间的可同轴移动件。可移动柱塞可滑动地安装在管件内以便可以向着或离开管件的前端而作轴向移动。一管针由伸缩体固定。伸缩体被沿着轴向的、由伸缩体和可移动柱塞的平行的配合表面所形成的可滑动界面通过摩擦而与可移动柱塞相接触。沿滑动界面与可移动柱塞摩擦接触的伸缩体的一部分最好是环形的。可移动柱塞的前端最好有一个具有开口的头部,开口具有向内的表面,该向内的表面与伸缩体的最好是环形部分的朝外的表面相对应并与之形成接触。
与摩擦夹持的伸缩体一起的可移动柱塞响应可移动柱塞朝管件的前端的移动而可选择地作轴向移动到一第一位置,以及比第一位置更靠近前端的一第二位置。第一位置是一个使用位置,在这个位置,安装在伸缩体中的管针伸出管件前端的孔。
通过一个偏置部件使缩回力作用于伸缩体,驱使伸缩体回到伸缩空间。偏置部件最好是一安装在细长管的前端与伸缩体之间的弹簧。当可移动柱塞朝前滑向第一位置时,弹簧被压缩。有一个避免伸缩体在朝前方向的轴向移动超过第一位置的部件。当可移动柱塞相对于细长管从第一位置到第二位置作轴向移动,沿滑动界面相对于可移动柱塞滑动释放伸缩体时,即发生缩回。当滑动界面的面积减少的时候,摩擦保持力减少并小于弹簧的缩回力。伸缩体脱开并回到伸缩空间是突然发生的而且是永久性的,其缩回距离足以使管针整个地缩回到装置中。
可移动柱塞有一个在轴向前面位置的头部,该头部有一个开口,在开口内有一个或多个朝内的弧形块,该圆弧形块组成可移动柱塞的平行的配合表面,该配合表面摩擦接触伸缩体的平行的配合表面从而形成可滑动的界面。伸缩体的平行的配合表面构成伸缩体一部分的朝外的圆周表面。该圆弧形块可以是沿圆周分开设置的圆弧环块,圆弧环块接触圆环形的、由针夹持件的平行的配合表面组成的外圆周表面。虽然伸缩体和可移动柱塞的摩擦接触表面在纵向相对于管件轴向对齐,但最好以这样一种方式使它们稍微有些倾斜,以便可以通过施加一预定大小的已知力来组装这两个部件,该力使这两个部件楔入而形成摩擦接触,而当要使它们脱离摩擦接触时只要用大约相同大小的力就可以。少许倾斜是指滑动界面的后部较宽,而其前部较窄,使得当可移动柱塞轴向向前移动而伸缩体保持不动时,保持管针的伸缩体不再被楔住。随着滑动界面的接触面积的减少,当缩回力比摩擦保持力大时,偏置部件或弹簧快速驱动伸缩体回到可移动柱塞中的伸缩空间,通过总的平行的配合表面的平行滑动,使伸缩体或针夹持件缩回到可移动柱塞或柱塞中。
可移动柱塞指具有伸缩空间的空心柱塞,细长管件指由一在轴线纵向延伸的壁形成的细长管件体。管件内设置有一个工作机构。工作机构包括一空心柱塞体,该空心柱塞体有一个与壁滑动接触安装的前部和一个伸出管件的具有插入收集管的开口的后部。柱塞的前部有一个开口,开口具有摩擦夹持针夹持件的表面。针夹持件有配合表面,该配合表面与摩擦夹持针夹持件的表面一起构成一在开口内摩擦夹持针夹持件的滑动界面。工作机构还有一个以如下的方式支承在管件内的同轴偏置部件,即当柱塞体轴向移动时,该偏置部件对针夹持件施加一偏置力。
在管件体内有掣子,以把工作机构定位在一操作位置。操作位置是一个使用的位置,在这个位置,连接于针夹持件的管针伸出管件体。柱塞可在轴向移动到超过操作位置的缩回位置,它沿着滑动界面滑动并脱离针夹持件,直到针夹持件完全滑离柱塞。此时,针夹持件响应偏置力而快速缩回到柱塞中的伸缩空间,而且针夹持件和连接在其上的管针响应柱塞在轴向到超过操作位置的缩回位置的移动而完全缩回到管件内。装置还包括当柱塞的移动超过操作位置时阻止针夹持件在轴向的进一步的移动的部件,因而能准确控制缩回。缩回是极简单的,因为当柱塞向前移动时,针夹持件受制约,而沿着滑动界面肯定会发生滑动释放。对于缩回的产生,不需要挠曲零件、人工干预或破坏零件。
柱塞体或可移动柱塞最好配置一定位装置,该定位装置与一部分管件或管件配合以有选择地把柱塞定位在第一或操作位置,并允许柱塞移动到第二位置或缩回位置以确保缩回必然发生。定位装置最好是装在柱塞后部的双位置盖件,它通过与管件的壁接触而起作用。当盖件在相对于柱塞而言的一前面的位置时,它探底与管件的后端接触使柱塞定位在第一操作位置。当盖件移回到柱塞更后面的第二位置时,它允许柱塞从第一位置进一步朝前移动到第二缩回位置,从而确保缩回的发生。
由伸缩体的鼻部提供阻止针夹持件的移动超过第一位置的部件,该鼻部探底接触位于管件前端的止动表面。由偏置部件完全压缩到一不能压缩的状态来提供朝前移动的阻止件也在本发明的设计意图之内。通过弹簧螺旋圈的压缩,也可有效阻止进一步的朝前移动。
本发明还有掣子,它能阻止从管件中抽出可移动柱塞,从而在缩回后可以避免触及管针。螺旋弹簧件的不可压缩的长度足以确保缩回出现后缩回的管针完全被包围在管件内。因此,当装置用毕后,取出收集管,移动柱塞以形成缩回时,不会被管针所戳及。装置最好在管件或管件壁中设有止卡,止卡与柱塞头部的朝外部分接合,以把装置固定在一使用前的运输位置,在这个位置,在柱塞朝前移动一点以脱离止卡之前,安装在针夹持件的管针完全被包围。
除管针和弹簧件之外,装置最好用通常在注射器制造中使用的塑料材料来制成。零件简单的直线形能理想地适用于实用而经济的装置的零件的大批量生产。不需要专门的模制技术就可在多个普通的模具中生产零件。没有严格的公差要求。组装期间,在可移动柱塞与伸缩体之间的有点倾斜的摩擦接触表面能完全自由地调整摩擦保持力。由此可选择以一完全可再现的方式产生缩回所需的缩回力的大小。
在这里公开的本发明提供了上述特征。通过下面结合附图的描述,本发明的其他目的和优点将会更清楚,本发明中的实施例是用来举例说明本发明的,本发明不限于所述实施例。
附图简介
图1是已装配好的、可收缩体液收集装置在运输位置的径向剖视图;
图2是已装配好的、可收缩体液收集装置,它是处于第一或操作位置的径向剖视图,其管针的一端延伸出以便使用;
图3所示是图2的装置,图中示出的盖件已移动到准备缩回的后面或第二位置,图中还示出了一有盖的、已插入可移动柱塞的开口内并已被管针的内端刺穿的真空收集管;
图4是收集管已从图3装置中取出、柱塞朝前轴向移动以实现管针的缩回从而使管针被完全包围在管件内之后的装置的剖视图;
图5是图1至4的柱塞体的立体图;
图6是图5所示的可动柱塞的前端的6-6线方向的视图,另外加上伸缩体或针夹持件以示出如图1所示的它们之间同轴定位的关系;
图7示出柱塞体另一种后端的上端,它示出了同样能提供一双位置的柱塞但结构有所不同的盖件;
图8是图7的有所不同的柱塞8-8线的剖面图。
发明的详细描述
在图1中,总的用编号10表示体液收集装置。结构10包括呈细长形的管件或管件12。管件12有一个前端部14,前端部14有一孔15。
可滑动地安装在一管件12内的是一个具有伸缩空间的可动件或柱塞16。柱塞16有一个形成在柱塞轴向前面位置上的头部26。伸缩体或针的夹持件20沿可滑动界面18在柱塞的前面或头部26的开口内摩擦地或通过摩擦被夹住。柱塞16同轴安装在管件12内,与在轴线纵向延伸的侧壁30滑动接触。柱塞16可以相对于前端部14作朝前朝后的轴向移动。
具有双端的空心管针32固定地安装在伸缩体或针夹持件20中。针夹持件20有一个鼻部58,该鼻部具有多个沿着一轴向开口的轴向对齐的间隙19,能用来容纳粘结剂如环氧树脂以固定管针32。管针32有一个尖的前端34和一个尖的后端36。可折叠的橡胶套子38覆盖管针的后端以避免污染。
可动柱塞16的后端部40配置有如图1至4所示的双位置盖件42。该盖件42有两组与可动柱塞16的后端部40附近的倾斜夹紧表面46配合的倾斜夹紧表面44。图7示出了一较复杂的两位置端部盖件,这将在下面描述。
参阅图2。纵向轴线延伸的壁24和30有相互配合的掣子48和50。壁30有在内延伸的掣子48,而壁24有朝外延伸的、可以把柱塞16保持在操作时的第一位置的掣子50。掣子48,50可以是环形的。壁30的内表面也可设置与头部26的一环形槽54配合的止卡52。槽54在头部26的外圆周表面56上。在图1的运输位置中,止卡52是与槽54接合在一起的,而掣子48则阻止头部26的后部作轴向朝后移动。图中的掣子、止卡和槽为了清楚起见在图中都是故意放大了的。柱塞的头部设计成能向前滑过掣子48以利于柱塞从管件12的后端13的插入。
再参阅图2。针夹持件20有一朝前延伸的鼻部58,该鼻部有一倾斜的前部60,在第一位置,此倾斜的前部60往下与形成在管件12的前端部14的止动表面62相接触。鼻部的倾斜前部60与止动表面62以这样一种方式倾斜,即当两个表面相互接触时它们与伸缩体轴向对齐。同轴偏置部件22也有一个为针夹持件而设的、当柱塞移动到图2所不的第一位置时螺旋弹簧变成不可压缩状态所形成的止动件。
参阅图5。头部26可包括多个以角度分开设置的环块64,这些环块围着壁24均匀分布并包括朝内延伸的具有如图6所示的与针夹持件相应表面68平行的配合表面66的圆弧形块28。基本上平行的配合表面68形成在针夹持件20的一部分的外圆周面上。这是控制针夹持件20的朝外的圆周表面68与头部26的朝内的圆周表面66之间的摩擦接触量的另一种方式。环块64可以是小一些也可以是大一些的甚至连成一个能改变配合的平行表面66,68之间的接触量的完整的环。针夹持件20也可有一个圆环凸缘70以配合弹簧22的开口上端。
图2示出第一位置或称操作位置。可动件或柱塞16可有选择地朝管件12的前端轴向移动到比第一位置更靠近前端的第二位置。很容易看出,柱塞16沿轴向向前相对于管件12只要通过不太大的移动就可以把摩擦滑动接触面积18的量减少到很小。如果柱塞在轴向移动的距离等于头部26的平行的配合表面66,它将完全脱离与在弹簧22的影响下的针夹持件的接触。一旦柱塞移过了表面66的轴向长度的距离,由于针夹持件20在弹簧22所提供的缩回力的偏置影响下,夹持件必定会缩回。事实上,当缩回力超过作用在滑动界面18的摩擦保持力时,在完成整个移动路程之前,就将发生缩回。因此,柱塞16的第二位置不是用精确的轴向距离来说明的,只能说它是在第一位置的轴向前面一段距离,此距离就是足以发生缩回的位置。
在图3中,真空收集管72有一个隔膜或橡胶盖74。盖件42的后端部有一个接受收集管72的开口76。同样,可动件或柱塞16在其后端也有一个开口78以接受收集管72。柱塞16通过掣子48,50保持在管件12内,而管针32延伸在使用位置。
在使用之前,装置被组装成图1所示的位置以方便运输而不会有损坏管针或对操作管针的操作者产生任何危险。由于管针完全被管件12所包围,所以无需在管针上盖一个盖子。止卡把柱塞轻轻地保持在运输位置。在为使用做准备的过程中,柱塞16被压下盖件42所允许的整段距离,掣子48,50接合以把装置保持在使用时的第一操作位置。管针32从管件的前面伸出,针夹持件20探底与止动件相接触。然后收集管72插入开口76,78并与管针32的后端36接触但没有刺破隔膜74。盖件42被向后拉回到第二位置,由于柱塞16被管件12中掣子48保持着,因此拉回盖件是轻而易举的。
现在当管针32的前端34刺入病人而与静脉血管连通时,收集管72被往前推,使得管针的后端36刺破隔膜74,从而使要收集的血液进入收集管72中的真空腔80。当收集了足够的样品,装置脱离病人,收集管72从装置中抽出。此时除了盖件拉后回到图3所示的位置之外,情况与图2所示类似。随后,柱塞被向前推向第二位置,当柱塞16相对于针夹持件20向前移动时,减少了滑动界面18的面积或范围。针夹持件20被固定而不能移动。当柱塞向前移动到由弹簧22作用在针夹持件20的缩回力超过在滑动界面18的摩擦保持力的位置的时候,针夹持件缩回到伸缩空间17。缩回的动作很快,缩回位置如图4所示。弹簧22延伸到它完全放松的高度,把管针送到柱塞16中的伸缩空间。管针32及其前端34通过在前面的孔15完全回到管件12中。缩回快速而永久性的。一旦针夹持件已与柱塞脱离摩擦接触,管针就没有办法重新伸出。柱塞16的内表面可包括一个或多个避免针夹持件20射出或通过柱塞16的后部脱离的止动件25。为了清楚起见,图中这些止动件被故意放大,它们实际上被设计成能允许收集管72插入和退出而把缩回后的针夹持件保持在装置内部,如图4所示。
图7和8示出另一种双位置盖件82。盖件82有一个按环84,其上有一个为收集管而设的开口86和在其内表面有突起部90的下垂壁88。把柱塞16的上端改变成有一个或多个形成在壁24外侧的通道92。通道92呈J形,它有当突起部插入通道时允许突起部90在一个方向移动的若干单向止动件94。由此提供了一双位置盖件,即当突起部90在两个止动件之间的一在前位置和一个当它们被拉回过第二止动件94的在后位置。图8的横截面示出了止动件94在通道92中的位置。为了图示清楚起见,图中的止动件是被故意放大了的。
装置很容易进行批量生产和装配。管针32先用环氧树脂粘结到针夹持件20上。橡胶套子38置于管针的后端36上并用粘结剂固定于针夹持件。然后,将它们插进柱塞的后孔,柱塞和针夹持件的配合表面66和68基本上平行于管针地轴向定位以形成可滑动的界面18。它们最好稍微向前倾斜,以便针夹持件可方便地从后面进入头部26的开口,并在一预定而恒定的负荷下楔入而形成摩擦接触。例如,如果它们以2磅的负荷楔入,则当柱塞被向前推以产生缩回时,它们就能以大约相同的2磅从楔入状态脱出。如果需要一个较大的力,在组装期间可施加一较大的负荷。由于能对每个装置都施加相同的组装力,因此可使组装适合于自动化并能大大提高再现性。这还有一个优点,那就是制造公差可以不那么严格。如果针夹持件的外圆周稍微小了一点,只要再往前移动一点,直到获得所需的摩擦接触为止。最好用相同的塑料材料模制针夹持件和柱塞,以便使可伸缩装置暴露在环境温度下而环境温度发生变化时热膨胀差异最小。
虽然在本发明中也可采用非圆环形横截面的零件,但最好使用圆环形的零件。如果柱塞的开口不是圆的,针夹持件有一个相应的非圆外周面,那么,可滑动界面就可以是非圆形的。柱塞也可以只有一个位置的盖件而不用双位置盖件,只要盖件等效于最后部分设置使它不影响伸缩就可以。此时,当使用者感到柱塞已定位于第一位置时就可停止柱塞的移动。用毕后,进一步朝前推柱塞,不受盖件的影响就能实现缩回。如果装置的壁是透明的,就能很容易看到柱塞的位置以及检查一下缩回是否确已完成。在不脱离本发明的基本精神或权利要求的范围的情况下,对上述较佳实施例还可以作出其他种种改变和变化,这些改变和变化对本技术领域的熟练人员来说将是显而易见的。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于收集病人体液的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),包括:
一有纵向轴线和一前端(14)的细长管件(12);
有一伸缩空间(17)的可移动柱塞(16),所述可移动柱塞(16)具有一在其前部的开口和一在后部的用于插入一收集管(72)的开口,所述可移动柱塞(16)安装在所述管件(12)内以便朝着或背离管件(12)的前端(14)作轴向移动;
一伸缩体(20),一保持在伸缩体(20)中并伸出伸缩体(20)的管针(32),伸缩体(20)沿着轴向可滑动界面(18)由所述可移动柱塞(16)摩擦夹持,所述可滑动界面(18)包括至少一个在伸缩体(20)上的配合表面和至少一个在可移动柱塞(16)件上的配合表面,两配合表面彼此相互平行;
可移动柱塞(16)与摩擦夹持的伸缩体(20)一起可沿所述纵向轴线朝着管件(12)的前端(14)移动到一第一位置,在该位置,管针从所述细长管件(12)的所述前端(14)伸出,而所述可移动柱塞还可以移动到比所述第一位置更靠近所述前端的一第二位置;
一设置在所述前端(14)与所述伸缩体(20)之间的止动部件,当可移动柱塞(16)在第一与第二位置之间移动时,该止动部件避免伸缩体(20)朝前移动;
一安装在管件前端(14)的作用于伸缩体(20)的偏置部件(22),该部件以缩回力推动伸缩体(20);
通过所述偏置部件(22)使缩回力作用于伸缩体(20),以使所述伸缩体(20)缩进到所述伸缩空间(17);以及
当所述可移动柱塞(16)在纵向相对于所述细长管件(12)和所述伸缩体(20)从所述第一位置轴向移向所述第二位置时,沿所述可滑动界面(18)相对于所述可移动柱塞(16)滑动释放所述伸缩体(20),由此因受所述缩回力的作用而发生缩回。
2.如权利要求1所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,可移动柱塞(16)有一个在轴向前面位置的头部(26),所述头部(26)有一个或多个朝内的圆弧形块(28),该圆弧形块(28)上至少有一个可移动柱塞的平行配合表面(66),该配合表面摩擦接触所述伸缩体(20)的至少一个平行的配合表面(68)从而形成所述可滑动的界面(18)。
3.如权利要求2所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述伸缩体(20)的至少一个配合表面(68)由所述伸缩体(20)一部分的外周表面构成。
4.如权利要求3所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述外周表面(68)是圆形的。
5.如权利要求1所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10)_,其特征在于,所述止动部件包括一位于所述管件(12)的前端(14)的止动表面(62)。
6.如权利要求5所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述阻止伸缩体(20)朝前移动的止动部件还包括一伸缩体(20)的鼻部(58),鼻部(58)探底抵靠在所述止动表面(62)上。
7.如权利要求1所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述偏置部件(22)是一螺旋弹簧,在可移动柱塞(16)移向所述第一位置时它被压缩,该弹簧其大小设定得当可移动柱塞(16)到第一位置时弹簧达到不可压缩状态,所述止动部件为处在不可压缩状态时的所述弹簧,以限制伸缩体(20)继续移动。
8.如权利要求6所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述鼻部(58)与所述止动表面(62)以如下方式倾斜,当它们相互接触时与伸缩体轴向对齐。
9.如权利要求5所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述可移动柱塞(16)配置有一双位置盖件(42),盖件(42)与所述细长管件(12)的一部分配合,以便有选择地使所述可移动柱塞(16)定位在所述第一位置,并允许所述可移动柱塞移动到所述第二位置。
10.如权利要求9所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,一掣子部件(48、50)使可移动柱塞(16)与摩擦夹持的伸缩体(20)一起位于第一位置。
11.如权利要求10所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述细长管件(12)有一侧壁(30),所述掣子部件(48)位于所述侧壁(30)的内侧与在所述可移动柱塞(16)上的掣子(50)相配合。
12.如权利要求6所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,管针(32)伸出所述伸缩体(20)的鼻部(58),当所述可移动柱塞(16)在第一位置时,所述管针伸出管件(12)的前端(14)以供使用,当所述可移动柱塞(16)移向所述第二位置发生缩回时,所述管针(32)缩回到所述管件(12)内。
13.如权利要求12所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,一掣子部件(48,50)使可移动柱塞(16)与摩擦夹持的伸缩体(20)一起位于第一位置。
14.如权利要求13所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,所述管针(32)通过伸缩体(20)伸进所述伸缩空间(17),所述伸缩空间(17)的大小设定得能接受与所述管针(32)流体连通的收集管(72),以当可移动柱塞(16)在所述第一位置时可从病人体内抽取体液。
15.如权利要求10所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置,其特征在于,所述滑动界面(18)基本上在移动时的轴线纵向,随着所述可移动柱塞(16)超过操作位置移向缩回位置,所述滑动界面(18)的滑动接触面积大大减少,一直到可移动柱塞(16)与伸缩体(20)之间的摩擦保持力减少到小于由偏置部件(22)作用于伸缩体(20)的偏置力为止。
16.如权利要求10所述的可伸缩的体液收集装置(10),其特征在于,可移动柱塞(16)配置有在纵向侧壁(24)上的止动件(25),它允许伸缩体(20)通过弹簧(22)缩回一段足够长的距离以把管针缩回到细长管件(12)内,同时又起到把伸缩体(20)留在可移动柱塞(16)中的作用。
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