CN102525488B - 一次性使用无菌回缩安全采血针 - Google Patents

一次性使用无菌回缩安全采血针 Download PDF

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CN102525488B
CN102525488B CN2011103934654A CN201110393465A CN102525488B CN 102525488 B CN102525488 B CN 102525488B CN 2011103934654 A CN2011103934654 A CN 2011103934654A CN 201110393465 A CN201110393465 A CN 201110393465A CN 102525488 B CN102525488 B CN 102525488B
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needle
core bar
blood sampling
overcoat
tai
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CN102525488A (zh
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毛春元
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Shanghai Jinta Medical Apparatus Co Ltd
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Shanghai Jinta Medical Apparatus Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2011103934654A priority Critical patent/CN102525488B/zh
Priority to BR112014013123-6A priority patent/BR112014013123B1/pt
Priority to GB1409935.2A priority patent/GB2511243B/en
Priority to US14/356,764 priority patent/US9314199B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/084372 priority patent/WO2013078741A1/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/150541—Breakable protectors, e.g. caps, shields or sleeves, i.e. protectors separated destructively, e.g. by breaking a connecting area
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Abstract

本发明一次性使用无菌回缩采血针由端盖、保护套、针套、针、针座、芯杆、外套、活塞、护套、采血针组成；活塞装在芯杆的卡槽内，外套套在芯杆和活塞上，活塞与外套是过盈配合，针、针座、芯杆、采血针的内孔间是贯通的；芯杆和外套是透明材料制作的，通过芯杆里的通道的血液流过判断回血；采血完成后采血完成后，医护人员一个手按住采血针的采血位置，一个手的指母按住外套，另几个指母拉动针套向后退，芯杆的卡环进入槽内锁定芯杆相对于外套移动，采血针被藏在外套的筒内了，即达到了安全的目的了。

Description

一次性使用无菌回缩安全采血针
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种采血针，尤其是采血完成后针尖能回缩到外套里藏起来，不会再次扎伤人而达到安全的目的，属于一种回缩安全采血针。
背景技术
采血针是目前全球销量最大的医疗器械产品之一。然而，值得关注的是，目前世界各国医院因针头断裂或医护人员操作不当所造成的采血针头人体伤害事故每年发生数百万人次。美国医学会公布的统计数据显示，仅美国每年约发生100万人次医护人员意外被采血针扎伤事故，其中至少有千余人会被针头上附着的乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒和艾滋病病毒感染。每次因采血针头断裂而被扎伤的医护人员和患者产生的急救治疗费用为人均3000美元。
普通采血针导致的医疗风险不会低于注射器的医疗风险，我们会在不久的将来看到对安全采血立法。2000年，美国时任总统克林顿签署了一份法律文件《联邦安全型注射器法》。该法案规定，今后美国临床医学界应尽可能采用安全型注射器以取代存在安全隐患的普通注射器产品。
国内外公司相继大力投入安全采血医疗器材的研发，目前市场上的安全采血针非常多，安全采血的局面已经打开，但要完全推广安全采血有一段很长的路要走。目前市场上的这些安全采血器材有很多不足：其一是生产成本很高；其二是生产工艺复杂；其三是生产质量难以保证；其四是医护人员操作繁琐；其五是安全功能难以保证。
为了解决以上问题本发明采用突破传统思维设计，本发明目的是克服了市场上现有的采血器材产品很多不足，本发明实现了生产成本低、生产工艺简单、质量绝对保证、医护人员操作简单、安全功能绝对保证。
发明内容
发明方案一：
本发明由端盖、保护套、针套、针、针座、芯杆、外套、活塞、护套、采血针组成。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案一是：采血针装于针孔内，胶水涂覆在胶孔内实现采血针与芯杆紧固连接；槽柱装于活塞的筒内，活塞的两端面被卡槽端面和卡槽端面卡住，筒与槽柱是过盈配合；活塞装于筒的前端，活塞的吐筋环与筒实现过盈配合，芯杆装于筒内，芯杆在外套里是过渡配合，只有卡环运行到卡位斜面位置，卡环与卡位斜面才是过盈配合，芯杆的圆柱头是穿过外套的孔的；针、针座、芯杆、采血针的内孔间是贯通的。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案二是：芯杆由导管和接头组成；导管为软质材料管；导管与针座的锥头、接头的锥头连接为过盈配合，还可以采用图10中套口的卡槽结构实现过盈配合连接；针、针座、导管、接头、采血针的内孔间是贯通的。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案三是：芯杆后段有圆柱和锥头，锥头在圆柱内；芯杆中段有圆柱、凸筋、通道，通道在圆柱内，凸筋在圆柱上；芯杆前段有卡环、卡槽端面、槽柱、卡槽端面、针孔、胶孔、圆柱头；芯杆的前、中、后内孔间是贯通的；活塞的凸筋环环绕在圆柱上，内孔置于圆柱的中央；外套后段有导向孔、端面、按手、卡位环、卡位斜面，卡位环直径小于筒的直径；中段为空心圆柱形筒；前段有台阶、孔；外套后端设置槽和凸筋，卡环至槽内，卡位斜面和凸筋限制其前后移动。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案四是：芯杆和外套是透明材料制作的，通过芯杆里的通道的血液流过判断回血。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案五是：活塞与外套的表面喷涂有润滑硅油。
发明方案二：
本发明由端盖、保护套、针套、针、针座、芯杆、外套、护套、采血针组成。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案一是：芯杆的柱装于针座的孔内，外套套在芯杆上，芯杆的凸筋装于外套的卡槽内。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案二是：卡台卡在凸台柱上实现过盈配合，通道和针胶孔组成芯杆通孔；芯杆的凸筋连接在凸台柱、柱、卡台、卡槽、卡台上，卡台和卡台在卡槽的两侧，卡台和卡台与柱的结合处是斜面过渡。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案三是：外套是空心筒，卡槽分布在空心筒内壁上，卡台是空心筒内壁上长出的凸筋。
附图说明
图1：是本发明方案一安全采血器结构示意图。
图2：是本发明方案一安全采血器外形示意图。
图3：是本发明方案一安全采血器回缩后结构示意图。
图4：是本发明方案一安全采血器芯杆结构示意图。
图5：是本发明方案一安全采血器芯杆3D立体结构示意图。
图6：是本发明方案一安全采血器外套结构示意图。
图7：是本发明方案一安全采血器外套3D立体结构示意图。
图8：是本发明方案一安全采血器保护套结构示意图。
图9：是本发明方案一安全采血器活塞结构示意图。
图10：是本发明方案一安全采血器针座结构示意图。
图11：是本发明方案一安全采血器(芯杆改进后)结构示意图。
图12：是本发明方案二安全采血器结构示意图。
图13：是本发明方案二安全采血器回缩后结构示意图。
图14：是图15的A-A向剖视结构示意图。
图15：是图12的俯视示意图。
图16：是本发明方案二安全采血器针座结构示意图。
图17：是本发明方案二安全采血器芯杆3D立体结构示意图。
图18：是本发明方案二安全采血器芯杆结构示意图。
图19：是本发明方案二安全采血器外套结构示意图。
图20：是图22的B-B向剖视结构示意图。
图21：是本发明方案二安全采血器外套3D立体结构示意图。
图22：是图19的俯视示意图。
附图中各零部件、部位及其序号：
发明方案一：10.端盖 11.保护套 12.针套 13.针 14.针座 15.芯杆 16.外套 17.活塞 18.护套 19.采血针 111.锥头 112.通道 113.卡环 114.卡槽端面 115.槽柱 116.卡槽端面 117.针孔118.胶孔 119.圆柱头 120.凸筋 121.导向孔 122.端面 123.按手 124.卡位环 125.卡位斜面 126.筒 127.台阶 128.孔 129.螺孔 130.筒 131.内孔 132.凸筋环 133.端面 134.锥头 135.螺柱 136.套口 137.胶孔 138.针孔 139.导管 140.接头 141.圆柱 142.圆柱 143.圆柱 144.槽 145.凸筋
发明方案二：20.端盖 21.保护套 22.针套 23.针 24.针座 25.芯杆 26.外套 27.护套 28.采血针 211.针胶孔 212.孔 213.柱 214.凸台柱 215.凸筋 216.柱 217.通道 218.卡台 219.卡槽 220.卡台 221.针胶孔 222.槽壁 223.卡台 224.卡槽
附图进一步说明：
传统采血针是大家熟知的产品，与传统采血针的结构、装配关系、装配位置、使用方法等相同的地方在以下说明中作简单描述，以下只对本发明的重要点进行说明，附图结构表达得很清楚的以下也就作简单说明。
发明方案一：
本发明由端盖10、保护套11、针套12、针13、针座14、芯杆15、外套16、活塞17、护套18、采血针19组成。
采血针19装于针孔117内，胶水涂覆在胶孔118内实现采血针19与芯杆15紧固连接；槽柱115装于活塞17的筒131内，活塞17的两端面133被卡槽端面114和卡槽端面116卡住，筒131与槽柱115是过盈配合；活塞17装于筒126的前端，活塞17的吐筋环132与筒126实现过盈配合，活塞17与外套16的表面喷涂有润滑硅油，保证滑动推力稳定；芯杆15装于筒131内，芯杆15在外套16里是过渡配合，只有卡环113运行到卡位斜面125位置，卡环113与卡位斜面125才是过盈配合，芯杆15的圆柱头119是穿过外套16的孔128的；针13、针座14、芯杆15、采血针19的内孔间是贯通的。
端盖10盖于保护套11的端部；针座14装于保护套11的螺孔129内；针13装于针孔138；胶水涂覆在胶孔137内实现粘接；针套12套在针13和套口136上；芯杆15的锥头111套在锥头134上实现紧密配合，胶水粘接牢固；护套18套在锥头111上。
芯杆15后段有圆柱141和锥头111，锥头111在圆柱141内；芯杆15中段有圆柱142、凸筋120、通道112，通道112在圆柱142内，凸筋120在圆柱142上；芯杆15前段有卡环113、卡槽端面114、槽柱115、卡槽端面116、针孔117、胶孔118、圆柱头119；芯杆15的前、中、后内孔间是贯通的。
活塞17的凸筋环132环绕在圆柱143上，内孔131置于圆柱143的中央。
外套16后段有导向孔121、端面122、按手123、卡位环124、卡位斜面125，卡位环124直径小于筒126的直径；中段为空心圆柱形筒；前段有台阶127、孔128；外套后端设置槽144和凸筋145，本采血针在使用后卡环113被拉至槽144内，卡位斜面125和凸筋145就限制其前后移动。
芯杆15还可设置成由导管139和接头140组成的结构，导管139为软质材料管，让采血针后端自由摆动时而不会引起采血针摆动；导管139与针座14的锥头134、接头140的锥头连接为过盈配合，还可以采用图10中套口136的卡槽结构实现过盈配合连接；针13、针座14、导管139、接头140、采血针19的内孔间是贯通的。
发明方案二：
本发明由端盖20、保护套21、针套22、针23、针座24、芯杆25、外套26、护套27、采血针28组成。本发明是在方案一的基础上的又一发明方案。
芯杆25的柱213装于针座24的孔212内，外套26套在芯杆25上，芯杆25的凸筋215装于外套26的卡槽224内；卡台223卡在凸台柱214上实现过盈配合，在采血完成后外套26与芯杆25发生相对移动，直到卡台223进入卡槽219锁定；通道217和针胶孔221组成芯杆25通孔。
芯杆25的凸筋215连接在凸台柱214、柱216、卡台218、卡槽219、卡台220上，卡台218和卡台220在卡槽219的两侧，卡台218和卡台220与柱216的结合处是斜面过渡。
外套26是空心筒，卡槽224分布在空心筒内壁上，卡台223是空心筒内壁上长出的凸筋。
具体实施方式：
发明方案一：
使用时，医护人员打开单包装取出本发明安全采血针，拔掉端盖11，再拔掉护套18，医护人员就可以按传统采血针的采血步骤操作采血了，芯杆15和外套16是透明材料制作的，通过芯杆15里的通道112是否有回血判断采血针19是否正确扎入血管了。再将采血管插入针套12内让针13进入采血管内实现采血。血液充满采血管腔后拔掉采血管，如需还要继续采血，继续将采血管插入针套12内让针13进入采血管内实现采血。采血完成后，医护人员一个手按住采血针19的采血位置，一个手的指母按住外套16，另几个指母拉动针套12向后退，芯杆15的卡环113进入槽144内锁定芯杆15相对于外套16移动，采血针19被藏在外套16的筒126内了，即达到了安全的目的了。医护人员将其丢入垃圾桶内。
采血针采血前和采血中，外套16和芯杆15不会发生相对移动的阻力来源于活塞17与外套16相对滑动的摩擦力。
发明方案二：
使用时，医护人员打开单包装取出本发明安全采血针，拔掉端盖21，再拔掉护套27，医护人员就可以按传统采血针的采血步骤操作采血了，芯杆25和外套26是透明材料制作的，通过芯杆25里的通道217是否有回血判断采血针28是否正确扎入血管了。再将采血管插入针套22内让针23进入采血管内实现采血。血液充满采血管腔后拔掉采血管，如需还要继续采血，继续将采血管插入针套22内让针23进入采血管内实现采血。采血完成后，医护人员一个手按住采血针28的采血位置，一个手的指母按住外套26，另几个指母拉动针套22向后退，芯杆25的卡台223进入卡槽219内锁定芯杆25相对于外套26移动，采血针28被藏在外套26的筒内了，即达到了安全的目的了。医护人员将其丢入垃圾桶内。
采血针采血前和采血中，外套26和芯杆25不会发生相对移动的阻力来源于芯杆25的凸筋215与外套26的卡槽224配合以及芯杆25的凸台柱214与外套26的卡台223配合的摩擦阻力。
以上说明和实施列仅说明本发明之用，而非对本发明的限制，有关领域里的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以作出各种变换和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的范畴，应由各权利要求所限定。

Claims (1)

1.一种一次性使用无菌回缩采血针，由端盖(20)、保护套(21)、针套(22)、针(23)、针座(24)、芯杆(25)、外套(26)、护套(27)、采血针(28)组成；其特征在于：所述芯杆(25)的柱(213) 装于针座(24)的孔(212) 内，外套(26)套在芯杆(25)上，芯杆(25)的凸筋(215)装于外套(26)的第二卡槽(224)内，第三卡台(223)卡在凸台柱(214)上实现过盈配合，通道(217)和针胶孔(221) 组成芯杆(25)通孔，采血针(28) 装于针胶孔(221)内；芯杆(25)的凸筋(215) 连接在凸台柱(214)、柱(216)、第一卡台(218)、第一卡槽(219)、第二卡台(220)上，第一卡台(218)和第二卡台(220)在第一卡槽(219)的两侧，第一卡台(218)和第二卡台(220)与柱(216)的结合处是斜面过渡，所述的外套(26)是空心筒，第二卡槽(224)分布在空心筒内壁上，第三卡台(223) 是空心筒内壁上长出的凸筋；第三卡台（223）用于进入第一卡槽（219）内，并阻止芯杆（25）相对于外套（26）移动。
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