CN109818546B - 电力变换装置的车载构造 - Google Patents

电力变换装置的车载构造 Download PDF

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CN109818546B
CN109818546B CN201811324418.2A CN201811324418A CN109818546B CN 109818546 B CN109818546 B CN 109818546B CN 201811324418 A CN201811324418 A CN 201811324418A CN 109818546 B CN109818546 B CN 109818546B
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voltage
voltage connector
vehicle
conversion device
power conversion
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CN109818546A (zh
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泽崎佳介
山中贤史
山崎宏美
井村仁史
斋藤彰
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/703—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part
    • H01R13/7031—Shorting, shunting or bussing of different terminals interrupted or effected on engagement of coupling part, e.g. for ESD protection, line continuity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
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Abstract

一种电力变换装置的车载构造，所述电力变换装置的车载构造包括：搭载于车辆的电力变换装置的壳体；搭载于车辆的构造物；以及安装于壳体的高电压连接器。高电压连接器构成为被施加超过预定的阈值电压的电压，以在将高电压连接器安装于壳体的情况下的拔出方向上与构造物相对的方式位于壳体与构造物之间，在高电压连接器安装于壳体的状态下，高电压连接器的埋藏于壳体的部分的长度被设定为比高电压连接器与构造物之间的距离长。

Description

电力变换装置的车载构造
技术领域
本公开涉及电力变换装置的车载构造。
背景技术
处理超过预定的阈值电压(例如100伏特)的高电压的车载的电力变换装置多在高电压通向的连接器中具备联锁(interlock)机构。典型的电力变换装置是在电动车、燃料电池车中将电源的电力变换为行驶用的马达的驱动电力的设备。用于行驶用的马达的电源的输出电压多超过100伏特。在日本特开2014-179232、日本特开2017-034910中公开了车载的电力变换装置中的联锁机构的例子。在日本特开2014-179232中公开了一种根据覆盖连接器端子的保护盖的安装/脱离来允许/禁止电流向连接器端子的流动的联锁连接器。在日本特开2017-034910中公开了一种低电压连接器的一部分覆盖高电压连接器的固定螺栓的联锁机构。在日本特开2017-034910 的技术中，若不卸下低电压连接器则高电压连接器不能卸下。低电压连接器与高电压连接器的关系实现了联锁机构。
发明内容
若具备用于联锁机构的部件，则会增加与之相应的成本。日本特开 2017-034910的技术能够以较低的成本实现，但对2个连接器(低电压连接器和高电压连接器)的配置施加了限制。要求一种成本更低并且对电力变换装置中的配置的限制少的联锁机构。
本公开提供一种实现与联锁机构同等的功能的电力变换装置的车载构造。本公开的技术方案涉及的电力变换装置的车载构造包括：搭载于车辆的电力变换装置的壳体；搭载于车辆的构造物；以及安装于壳体的高电压连接器。高电压连接器构成为被施加超过预定的阈值电压的电压，高电压连接器以在将高电压连接器安装于壳体的情况下的拔出方向上与构造物相对的方式位于壳体与构造物之间，在高电压连接器安装于壳体的状态下，高电压连接器的埋藏于壳体的部分的长度比高电压连接器与构造物之间的距离长。根据本公开的第1技术方案，在所述电力变换装置的车载构造中，若不将电力变换装置本身(或所述构造物)从车辆卸下，则无法卸下高电压连接器。在所述电力变换装置的车载构造中，为了卸下高电压连接器，需要进行卸下电力变换装置(或所述构造物)这一大型作业。因此，难以发生错误地卸下高电压连接器的错误，从而能够实现与联锁机构同等的功能。
在本公开的技术方案中，也可以是，车载构造除了包括被施加超过预定的阈值电压的电压的高电压连接器以外，还包括低电压连接器，所述低电压连接器安装于壳体，构成为被施加低于预定的阈值电压的电压。也可以是，车载构造还包括用于使在高电压连接器中流动的电流平滑化的电容器，所述电容器配置在壳体内部，构成为电连接于高电压连接器。在上述的情况下，有时即使电力变换装置从电源切离在电容器中也会残留高电压的电力。因此，车载构造也可以还包括放电电路，所述放电电路构成为在低电压连接器从壳体卸下时使电容器的两端短路。放电电路的一个具体例子由与电容器的各电极导通，并且被向彼此接近的方向施力的2个端子、和从低电压连接器延伸，夹在2个端子之间的绝缘性的联锁销构成。当卸下低电压连接器时，联锁销脱离，2个端子因弹力而接触，电容器放电。在从车辆卸下电力变换装置时，高电压连接器被构造物阻碍无法卸下，但低电压连接器可被卸下。若在从车辆卸下电力变换装置之前卸下低电压连接器，则电容器放电，对高电压连接器施加高电压的状态消除。
本公开的详细情况和进一步的改良在以下的“具体实施方式”中进行说明。
附图说明
以下将参照附图说明本发明的示例性实施方式的特征、优点以及技术和产业意义，在附图中相似的附图标记表示相似的要素，并且其中：
图1是适用实施例的车载构造的混合动力车的电力系统的框图。
图2是示出前舱中的电力变换装置的布局的立体图。
图3是示出电力变换装置与发动机的排列方式的俯视图。
具体实施方式
参照附图对实施例的车载构造2进行说明。实施例的车载构造2适用于混合动力车100的电力变换装置10。首先，对包括电力变换装置10的混合动力车100的电力系统进行说明。在图1中示出混合动力车100的电力系统的框图。混合动力车100具备行驶用的马达5和发动机7。马达5 的输出转矩与发动机7的输出转矩由齿轮组6合成并向车轴8传递。
混合动力车100具备高电压蓄电池3、低电压蓄电池41以及电力变换装置10。高电压蓄电池3例如为锂离子电池，高电压蓄电池3的输出电压超过阈值电压。阈值电压例如为100伏特。高电压蓄电池3经由系统主继电器4连接于电力变换装置10。系统主继电器4由HV(Hybrid Vehicle：混合动力车辆)控制器(未图示)控制。HV控制器是综合控制混合动力车100的系统整体的设备，当车辆的主开关(点火开关)接通时，使系统主继电器4导通。
高电压蓄电池3的电力经由电力电缆和第1高电压连接器22向电力变换装置10输入。第1高电压连接器22设置于电力电缆的一端，从而将电力电缆连接于电力变换装置10。
电力变换装置10是将高电压蓄电池3的直流电力(DC)变换为适于马达5的驱动的交流电力(AC)的设备。电力变换装置10具备使高电压蓄电池3的输出电压上升的电压转换器11、和将升压后的直流电力变换为交流电力的变换器12。在电压转换器11与变换器12之间并联连接有平滑电容器13。平滑电容器13是为了使在电压转换器11与变换器12之间流动的电流平滑化而设置的。在电压转换器11与变换器12之间流动着驱动行驶用的马达5的电力，所述电力有时超过100伏特、50安培。为了应对上述那样的大的电力，平滑电容器13为大容量。马达5有时活用车辆的动能来发电。马达5所发出的电力(再生电力)通过变换器12变换为直流电力，进而通过电压转换器11进行降压。降压后的再生电力充入高电压蓄电池3。电压转换器11为双向DC-DC转换器。
在高电压蓄电池3经由系统主继电器4与电力变换装置10连接时，最低也会向平滑电容器13施加高电压蓄电池3的电压。如上所述，平滑电容器13为大容量，在系统主继电器4被切断后也继续储存大的电力。
电压转换器11和变换器12由内置于电力变换装置10的马达控制器 14控制。图1中的虚线表示信号线。马达控制器14从低电压蓄电池41接受电力供给而工作。低电压蓄电池41是向车内的辅机供给电力的蓄电池，低电压蓄电池41的输出电压低于上述的阈值电压。低电压蓄电池41的输出电压例如为12伏特。辅机是指由低电压蓄电池41的电压驱动的设备的总称。例如，除了电力变换装置10的马达控制器14以外，车辆导航装置 42等也是辅机的一种。
低电压蓄电池41的电力经由低电压连接器21向电力变换装置10输入。低电压蓄电池41的负极与辅机(包括马达控制器14)的负极经由地线连接。在混合动力车100中，车辆的导电性的车身相当于地线。
如上所述，平滑电容器13在系统主继电器4切断后也能够保持大的电力。电力变换装置10具备放电电路30，所述放电电路30在低电压连接器 21卸下时使平滑电容器13短路而放电。放电电路30由连接于平滑电容器 13的一方的电极的第1端子31a、连接于另一方的电极的第2端子31b、以及设置于低电压连接器21的联锁销32构成。联锁销32利用绝缘性的树脂来制作。如图1所示，在低电压连接器21安装于电力变换装置10的状态下，联锁销32插入第1端子31a与第2端子31b之间而使两端子分离。第1端子31a和第2端子31b利用铜板来制作，具有弹性，被向彼此接近的方向施力。在图1的右下方示出低电压连接器21从电力变换装置10卸下了的状态。当低电压连接器21从电力变换装置10的壳体19卸下时，联锁销32从第1端子31a与第2端子31b之间脱离，第1端子31a与第2 端子31b因弹力而彼此互相接近从而接触。当第1端子31a与第2端子31b 接触时，平滑电容器13的两电极短路，平滑电容器13放电。
电力变换装置10的壳体19兼具将高电压蓄电池3的电力向空气调节器43传输时的电力中继器的功能。在电力变换装置10的壳体19连接有连结于空气调节器43的电缆的连接器(第2高电压连接器23)。第2高电压连接器23与第1高电压连接器22在壳体19的内部直接连结，所述第2 高电压连接器23与空气调节器43电连接，所述第1高电压连接器22经由系统主继电器4与高电压蓄电池3电连接。高电压蓄电池3的电力经由第 1高电压连接器22和第2高电压连接器23向空气调节器43传输。
对电力变换装置10的车载构造2进行说明。电力变换装置10搭载于前舱90。在图2中示出前舱90中的电力变换装置10的布局。图2中的坐标系的F轴正方向是指车辆前方，V轴正方向是指车辆上方。H轴的正方向是指车辆的左侧方。坐标系的各轴的含义在以下的图3中也相同。
电力变换装置10支承于收纳马达5和齿轮组6的驱动桥(transaxle) 50上。在驱动桥50的右侧部连结有发动机7。驱动桥50和发动机7悬架于一对侧梁(未图示)上。
电力变换装置10由前支架51和后支架52以在电力变换装置10与驱动桥50的上表面之间有间隙的方式支承。在前支架51与电力变换装置10 的壳体19之间、和后支架52与电力变换装置10的壳体19之间夹着防振衬套(未图示)。前支架51、后支架52以及防振支架抑制从驱动桥50向电力变换装置10传递的振动。
在壳体19的上表面安装有低电压连接器21。在壳体19的后表面安装有第1高电压连接器22。在壳体19的右侧面安装有第2高电压连接器23。在壳体19的右方向上配置有发动机7。第2高电压连接器23安装于车载的电力变换装置10的右侧面，通过使其向右侧移动而从壳体19卸下。不过，在第2高电压连接器23的右侧配置有发动机7。换言之，发动机7以在第2高电压连接器23的拔出方向上与第2高电压连接器23相对的方式配置。
在图3中示出固定于驱动桥50的上部的电力变换装置10的俯视图。图3中的坐标系的H轴负方向(即，图3的左侧)相当于车辆右侧方。发动机 7在第2高电压连接器23的拔出方向上与第2高电压连接器23相对。虽然图3为俯视图，但即使从正面观察，发动机7也与第2高电压连接器23 相对。第2高电压连接器23具有在连接器插拔方向上以长度L2插入壳体 19的插头231(连接器罩)。连接器插拔方向是图3中的坐标系的H轴方向。在图3中，配置在插头231的内部的接触器(电端子)和嵌合于插头231 的壳体侧的插座省略了图示。
第2高电压连接器23具备以长度L2埋藏于壳体19的插头231。另一方面，第2高电压连接器23的背面与发动机7之间的长度L1比长度L2 短。换言之，在第2高电压连接器23安装于壳体19时第2高电压连接器 23的埋藏于壳体19的部分(插头231)的长度L2比连接器插拔方向上的第2高电压连接器23与发动机7之间的距离(长度L1)长。因此，在车载有电力变换装置10的状态下，无法将第2高电压连接器23从壳体19 卸下。为了卸下第2高电压连接器23，必须将电力变换装置10从车体卸下(或者必须将发动机7从车体卸下)。为了卸下第2高电压连接器23，需要进行将电力变换装置10或发动机7从车体卸下这一大型作业。因此，在空气调节器43的修理时等，难以发生错误地卸下被施加了高电压的状态下的第2高电压连接器23的失误。实施例的布局(车载构造2)有助于防止错误地卸下被施加高电压的第2高电压连接器23的失误。即，实施例的车载构造2具有作为防止错误地卸下被施加高电压的第2高电压连接器23 的联锁机构的功能。从车体卸下电力变换装置10是较大型的作业，所以作业人员一定要确认电源被切断。因此，几乎不可能发生在施加了高电压的状态下卸下第2高电压连接器23的失误。
电力变换装置10具备被施加高电压蓄电池3的电压的平滑电容器13，平滑电容器13在高电压蓄电池3从电力变换装置10切断后也能够保持大的电力。然而，电力变换装置10具备放电电路30，所述放电电路30在卸下低电压连接器21时使平滑电容器13放电。在从车体卸下电力变换装置 10的情况下，首先从壳体19卸下低电压连接器21。当卸下低电压连接器 21时平滑电容器13放电。因此，也几乎不可能发生在平滑电容器13的电力被施加于第2高电压连接器23的状态下错误地卸下第2高电压连接器 23的失误。
对与实施例有关的注意点进行描述。阻碍第2高电压连接器的拔出的构造物不限于发动机7。阻碍第2高电压连接器的拔出的构造物也可以是车辆的车身的一部分，还可以是车载的其他设备。也可以是车辆上的一切构造物。
以上，对本公开的具体例详细地进行了说明，但这些只不过是例示，并不限定权利要求的范围。在权利要求书记载的技术中包括对上述内容中所例示的具体例进行各种变形、变更而得到的技术。在本说明书或附图中所说明的技术要素单独或通过各种组合发挥技术上的有用性，不限定于申请时权利要求记载的组合。在本说明书或附图中所例示的技术能够同时达成多个目的，达成其中一个目的这一情况本身便具有技术上的有用性。

Claims (1)

1.一种电力变换装置的车载构造，其特征在于，具备：
搭载于车辆的所述电力变换装置的壳体；
搭载于车辆的构造物；
安装于所述壳体的高电压连接器，所述高电压连接器构成为被施加超过预定的阈值电压的电压；
低电压连接器，其安装于所述壳体，构成为被施加低于所述预定的阈值电压的电压；
电容器，其配置在所述壳体内部，构成为电连接于所述高电压连接器；以及
放电电路，其构成为在所述低电压连接器脱离了所述壳体时使所述电容器的两端短路，
所述高电压连接器以在将所述高电压连接器安装于所述壳体的情况下的拔出方向上与所述构造物相对的方式位于所述壳体与所述构造物之间，在所述高电压连接器安装于所述壳体的状态下，所述高电压连接器的埋藏于所述壳体的部分的长度比所述高电压连接器与所述构造物之间的距离长。
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US10471842B2 (en) 2019-11-12
JP6885307B2 (ja) 2021-06-09

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