CN114450186A - 监测车辆车载电源的至少一个y电容的方法以及车载电源 - Google Patents
监测车辆车载电源的至少一个y电容的方法以及车载电源 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于监测车辆车载电源(1)的至少一个Y电容(2;3)的方法,其中,‑确定所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值和该车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB),其中,‑所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能依据车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB)和所述车载电源(1)的至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值被确定,并且,‑将所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能与规定极限值相比较,并且,‑在超过规定极限值时生成相应的控制信号。本发明还涉及一种车载电源(1)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监测车辆车载电源的至少一个Y电容的方法。本发明还涉及一种具有至少一个Y电容的车辆车载电源。
背景技术
在电动车辆中可能在绝缘故障情况下在车载电源中出现更高电流。为了能限制该车载电源的Y电容中的存储电能,所述Y电容被设计成只能具有最大电能。
DE 10 2018 002 926 A1公开了一种机动车用车载电源,其具有至少一个第一和第二电位线,其中,车载电源设计成在按照规定工作中在电位线之间被施以直流电压。车载电源具有至少一个Y电容器,其以第一接线端电连接至第一电位线并以第二接线端电连接至参考电位,其中,换档杆与至少一个Y电容器串联。
DE 10 2017 008 840 A1公开一种用于能以至少一个电动机驱动的机动车的车载电源,其具有车辆电池和用于在按照规定的机动车驾驶操作中对电动机施以电动机电压的周期化换能器。周期化换能器具有直流电压中间电路,其电连接至车辆电池并且具有至少一个Y电容器,用于产生电磁相容性。连接至车辆电池的交流电压充电单元设计成被连接至机动车外的充电站并且在充电站侧被施以交流电压。直流电压中间电路借助开关单元与车辆电池电连接,其中,该开关单元设计成在借助交流电压充电单元给车辆电池充电时将直流电压中间电路与车辆电池电隔离。
在此出现以下缺点,即,利用常见方法无法就车辆使用者是否会受到电击来检查Y电容中的蓄电量。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是,提供一种方法和一种车载电源,借此能产生在高电压系统中、尤其在具有800伏电压的车辆中的更高电压安全性。
该目的通过根据独立权利要求的方法和车载电源来完成。有意义的改进方案来自从属权利要求。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种用于监测车辆车载电源的至少一个Y电容的方法。所述至少一个Y电容的当前电容值和车载电源的当前车载电源电压被确定,其中,该至少一个Y电容中的当前存储电能依据车载电源的当前车载电源电压和车载电源的至少一个Y电容的当前电容值来确定。将该至少一个Y电容中的当前存储电能与规定极限值相比较,并且在超过规定极限值时生成相应的控制信号。通过所提出的方法,尤其可以在车辆内的高电压系统中获得更高安全性、尤其是电压安全性。尤其是,所提出的用于监测至少一个Y电容的方法可被用在具有800伏电压等级的电动车辆中。尤其是,至少一个Y电容的监测可以利用简单手段实现,并且例如借助电动车辆的已有的绝缘监测器来扩展功能。例如所述至少一个Y电容内的存储电能的确定可以借助集成在车载电源或车载电源的控制单元中的软件功能来廉价简单地实现。
为了尤其避免对车辆使用者的威胁,依据以下例举的标准、即ISO 6469-3、SAE J1772或ISO 17409来设定用于至少一个Y电容的当前存储电能的规定极限值。例如为了避免对使用者的威胁,可以将每个高电压电位的最大蓄电量确定为200mJ。由此可以保护使用者以免电击。
车辆车载电源的Y电容例如可以是干扰抑制电容器、无线电干扰抑制电容器或安全电容器。它们将高频干扰信号(其由电气或电子操作装置的操作引起)接地或接零或将其短路,因此造成电磁干扰降低。
车载电源尤其是电动车辆或混动车辆的高电压系统。例如可以利用评估单元来确定所述至少一个Y电容的当前电容值,并且利用电压测量装置来确定车载电源的当前车载电源电压。借助评估单元,可以依据车载电源的所确定的当前车载电源电压和车载电源的至少一个Y电容的当前电容值来查明或确定所述至少一个Y电容中的当前存储电能。尤其是,当前存储电能是所述至少一个Y电容的最大蓄电量。例如,当前车载电源电压可以是当前高电压中间电路电压。例如所述评估单元和电压测量单元可以被集成到高电压控制器中,由此能提供一种用于监测至少一个Y电容的紧凑单元。例如该高电压控制器可以是绝缘监测器或者具有电压检测单元的高电压部件。
例如,相应的控制信号可以在所述至少一个Y电容中的当前存储电能超过规定极限值时通过高电压控制器来生成并被传输给车辆车载电源的安全部件。
尤其是,可以在超过规定极限值时向车辆使用者输出一个警告信号,和/或该车载电源可以被停用,和/或所述至少一个Y电容可被放电。由此,例如在绝缘出现故障时达成尽量最佳的车辆使用者保护。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种具有至少一个Y电容的车辆车载电源。车载电源包括用于确定至少一个Y电容的当前电容值和车载电源的当前车载电源电压的控制单元。车载电源也包括用于依据所述至少一个Y电容的当前电容值和车载电源的当前车载电源电压确定车载电源的至少一个Y电容中的当前存储电能的评估单元。尤其是,可以利用车载电源来执行根据前面提出的方面或其实施方式的方法。尤其是该方法利用所提出的车载电源来执行。
从以下对优选实施例的说明以及结合图得到本发明的其它的优点、特征和细节。以上在说明书中提到的特征和特征组合以及以下在附图说明中提到的和/或在唯一的图中被单独示出的特征和特征组合不仅在各自所指出的组合中、也在其它组合中或单独地可采用,而没有超出本发明范围。
附图说明
在此,唯一的图示出车载电源的示意图。
具体实施方式
该图示出车辆的车载电源1的示意图。车载电源1例如是电动车的高电压系统。车载电源1具有至少一个Y电容2。尤其是,车载电源1可以具有另一个Y电容3。Y电容2、3可以例如是干扰抑制电容器。该车载电源包括控制单元4,能借此来确定至少一个Y电容2的当前电容值和车载电源1的当前车载电源电压UB。控制单元4尤其可以是高电压控制器,它例如具有电压检测单元。同样可以想到控制器4是绝缘监测器或车辆的高电压部件。例如,绝缘监测器可以作为控制单元4集成有能监测车辆车载电源1的至少一个Y电容2的功能或功能软件。控制单元4尤其是具有评估单元5,或者说与评估单元5集成在一起。借助评估单元5,至少一个Y电容2中的当前存储电能可以依据车载电源1的当前车载电源电压UB和车载电源1的至少一个Y电容2的当前电容值来确定。
例如至少一个Y电容2中的当前存储电能可以利用以下公式来计算:
W=1/2*C*U2。
例如,当前车载电源电压UB和Y电容2、3的当前电容值被用于刚刚示出的公式中以便能计算当前蓄电量。在Y电容2的蓄电量中应该考虑的是Y电容2、3中的蓄电量随着车辆高压电压升高而以平方关系增大。这尤其能够在控制单元4的评估单元5内被限定。
尤其可以将至少一个Y电容2中的当前存储电能与规定极限值相比较。这尤其可以借助控制单元4的评估单元5完成。尤其当至少一个Y电容2中的当前存储电能超过规定极限值时可以通过控制单元4生成相应的控制信号。生成的控制信号例如可以被发送到车辆的安全装置。例如可以借助生成的控制信号在车辆内发出警告信号。由此尤其能警告车辆使用者可能有的电击。同样,可以借助生成的控制信号来停用车载电源1或将其与电池断开。也可以借助生成的所发送的控制信号来执行至少一个Y电容2、3的放电过程。
例如可以确定车载电源1的第一或第二电位线6、7与参考电位8之间的第一电压。所确定的第一电压可以在确定所述至少一个Y电容2的当前存储电能时予以考虑。尤其是可以借助控制单元4执行第一电压的确定。
例如在第一电位线6和参考电位8之间的第二电压和在车载电源1的第二电位线7和参考电位8之间的第三电压可被确定。参考电位8尤其是保护导体(PE)。所确定的第二和第三电压也可以在确定所述至少一个Y电容2的当前存储电能时予以考虑。也可以想到,代替车载电源电压UB,使用第一、第二或第三电压来确定所述至少一个Y电容2的当前存储电能。
例如可以在车辆在直流电压充电桩处充电的过程中设定一个用于当前电容值的规定值。例如在此情况下可以确定每个电位500nF。
尤其可以利用至少一个Y电容2的所确定的当前存储电能来检查在车载电源2的电位分布中的非对称性或不对称性。尤其可以在确定电位分布中的非对称性或不对称性时考虑这一点并且在监测所述至少一个Y电容时一并考虑。
附图标记列表:
1 车载电源
2 Y电容
3 Y电容
4 控制单元
5 评估单元
6 第一电位线
7 第二电位线
8 参考电位
UB 车载电源电压
Claims (5)
1.一种用于监测车辆车载电源(1)的至少一个Y电容(2;3)的方法,其特征在于,
-确定所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值和该车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB),其中,
-所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能依据该车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB)和该车载电源(1)的至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值被确定,
-将所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能与规定极限值相比较,并且
-在超过所述规定极限值时生成相应的控制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,确定在该车载电源(1)的第一或第二电位线(6;7)与参考电位(8)之间的第一电压,并且在确定在所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能时考虑所确定的第一电压。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,确定在该第一电位线(6)和该参考电位(8)之间的第二电压以及在该车载电源(1)的第二电位线(7)与该参考电位(8)之间的第三电压,并且在确定在所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前存储电能时考虑所确定的第二电压和第三电压。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,利用所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的所确定的当前存储电能来检查该车载电源(1)的电位分布的非对称性。
5.一种车辆车载电源(1),具有
-至少一个Y电容(2;3),
其特征在于,
-设有用于确定所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值和该车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB)的控制单元(4),并且
-设有用于依据所述至少一个Y电容(2;3)的当前电容值和该车载电源(1)的当前车载电源电压(UB)来确定该车载电源(1)的至少一个Y电容(2;3)中的当前存储电能的评估单元(5)。
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DE102019006969.2A DE102019006969A1 (de) | 2019-10-07 | 2019-10-07 | Verfahren zum Überwachen von zumindest einer Y-Kapazität eines elektrischen Bordnetzes eines Fahrzeugs, sowie elektrisches Bordnetz |
DE102019006969.2 | 2019-10-07 | ||
PCT/EP2020/077023 WO2021069240A1 (de) | 2019-10-07 | 2020-09-28 | Verfahren zum überwachen von zumindest einer y-kapazität eines elektrischen bordnetzes eines fahrzeugs, sowie elektrisches bordnetz |
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DE102017008840A1 (de) | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-01 | Daimler Ag | Elektrisches Bordnetz |
DE102018202010A1 (de) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Vorhersage einer bevorstehenden Beschädigung einer Verbindungsstelle zwischen zwei elektrischen Leitern in einem Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz, Vorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
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- 2020-09-28 JP JP2022518853A patent/JP7330374B2/ja active Active
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JP2014126382A (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-07 | Yazaki Corp | 絶縁状態検出装置 |
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US20230280385A1 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
DE102019006969A1 (de) | 2021-04-08 |
WO2021069240A1 (de) | 2021-04-15 |
JP7330374B2 (ja) | 2023-08-21 |
EP4041588A1 (de) | 2022-08-17 |
US11933831B2 (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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