CN109755415B - 含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件 - Google Patents
含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109755415B CN109755415B CN201711061726.6A CN201711061726A CN109755415B CN 109755415 B CN109755415 B CN 109755415B CN 201711061726 A CN201711061726 A CN 201711061726A CN 109755415 B CN109755415 B CN 109755415B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 aromatic diphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- JLEFKRHUPHIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diiododibenzofuran Chemical compound O1C2=C(I)C=CC=C2C2=C1C(I)=CC=C2 JLEFKRHUPHIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2C(=O)O UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FUFLQGLZQDKOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(2-bromophenyl)sulfanyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=C(C=CC=C1)Br FUFLQGLZQDKOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MEUJZADSIYBGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)Br MEUJZADSIYBGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSXWVYUOOYESGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1)Br OSXWVYUOOYESGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMAIDBGYGFEYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC(=CC=C1)Br Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC(=CC=C1)Br VMAIDBGYGFEYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RQOQSWYPCRVTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C=C1)F Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C=C1)F RQOQSWYPCRVTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XPGGSDUDMVXZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br XPGGSDUDMVXZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEROAYCGKMZRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(Br)C=CC=2)=C1 BEROAYCGKMZRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1Br YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007125 Buchwald synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001251 acridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002866 fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002083 iodinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光二极管,特别是涉及含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件,属于有机发光材料技术领域。
背景技术
相比于液晶显示器需要背光的特性,有机发光二极管(OLED)具有主动发光、响应速度快、耗能低、亮度高、视角广、可弯曲等特性,在平板显示领域有着巨大的应用前景,受到了学术界和产业界的高度重视,因此被视为21世纪最具前途的产品之一。目前OLED器件已经实现了规模生产,并广泛应用在手机、平板电脑、汽车仪表、可穿戴设备等电子产品上。电致荧光和电致磷光分别被称为第一代和第二代OLED。基于荧光材料的OLED具有稳定性高的特点,但受限于量子统计学定律,在电激活作用下,产生的单线态激子和三线态激子的比例为1:3,所以荧光材料电致发光内量子效率最大仅有25%。而磷光材料具有重原子的自旋轨道耦合作用,可以综合利用单线态激子和三线态激子,理论的内量子效率可达100%。但是,在应用中基于磷光的OLED具有明显的效率滚降效应,在高亮度应用中有一定的阻碍。
磷光材料可以综合利用单线态激子和三线态激子,实现100%的内量子效率。研究表明,由于过渡金属配合物的激发态激子寿命相对过长,在高电流密度下存在三线态激子堆积,会导致三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)、三线态-极子湮灭(TPA),从而出现效率滚降等现象。为了克服这个问题,研究者们常将磷光材料掺杂于有机主体材料中,诸如掺杂于双极性主体材料中,可较好的平衡载流子的注入。最近,具有热活性延迟荧光性质的材料也被应用于磷光器件的主体中,由于热活性延迟荧光材料具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差,三线态激子可通过反系间窜越到单线态,再通过共振能量转移(FRET)传至客体材料中,从而降低三线态激子浓度,其器件性能也获得提高。因此,对于高效有机发光二极管,开发高性能的主体材料十分重要。
目前,广泛应用于磷光器件的主体材料为CBP(4,4’-二(9-咔唑基)联苯),但是它要求的驱动电压较高、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低(Tg=62℃),易于结晶。另外,CBP是一种P型材料,空穴迁移率远高于电子迁移率,不利于载流子注入和传输平衡,且发光效率低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件,由于该双极性材料以4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃为拉电子中心核,具有给电子能力的二苯胺类、咔唑、吖啶等衍生物作为连接基团,形成D-A-L-A-D型双极性材料,具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,主体材料的热稳定性好,因此本发明含双极性主体材料制备的有机电致发光器件稳定性高。
含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、发光层中的一层或多层,所述有机层含有基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料,该双极性主体材料具有式(I)所述结构,
其中,R1-R6表示为烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物,氢,卤素,C1-C4烷基,且R1-R6至少有一个为烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:R1、R2、R3中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物;R4、R5、R6中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:R1、R4相同,R2、R5相同,R3、R6相同。
优选:其中,R2、R3、R5、R6为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、咔唑、茚并咔唑。
式(I)所述的化合物为下列结构之一:
有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、发光层中的一层或多层。需要特别指出,上述有机层可以根据需要,这些有机层不必每层都存在。
所述式(I)所述的化合物为发光层的材料。
本发明的电子器件有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,优选1-500nm,更优选5-300nm。
所述有机层可以通过蒸渡或旋涂形成薄膜。
如上面提到,本发明的式(I)所述的化合物如下,但不限于所列举的结构:
上述双极主体材料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
首先将二苯并呋喃(a)在正丁基锂条件下形成锂盐,再碘代获得4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b),再与卤代苯硫酚(氟代、溴代)通过Ullmann反应得到硫醚中间体(c);卤代硫醚中间体氧化得到卤代硫砜化合物(d);最后卤代硫砜化合物(d)与取代或未取代的吖啶、咔唑、二苯胺(e)等通过钯催化的Buchwald反应或亲核取代反应,得到所述的双极主体材料。
实验表明,本发明的化合物比常用主体材料CBP具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,本发明显著提高了主体材料的热稳定性。使用本发明的双极性主体材料制备的有机电致发光器件,稳定性高,具有较高的电流效率以及外量子效率,该材料更符合有机发光二极管对主体材料的要求。
附图说明
图1为化合物2的DSC曲线;
图2为本发明的器件结构图,其中10代表为玻璃基板,20代表为阳极,30代表为空穴注入层,40代表为空穴传输层,50代表发光层,60代表为电子传输,70代表为电子注入层,80代表为阴极。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取二苯并呋喃(8.41g,50mmol)加至三口烧瓶中,氮气保护,加入干燥乙醚(150mL)中,将烧瓶置于-78℃低温反应器中,缓慢滴加正丁基锂(2.2M,68mL,150mmol),滴加完毕后,反应体系缓慢升至室温,继续搅拌10h。后降至-78℃,缓慢滴加I2的四氢呋喃溶液(38g,150mmol),滴加完毕后在室温搅拌4h。反应结束后,加入10%NaHSO3溶液(100mL),萃取分层,无机相用二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),收集有机相,无水MgSO4干燥,旋干溶液得粗产品,后乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥,得14g白色固体。产率:67%。
(2)4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(5.25g,12.5mmol),4-氟苯硫酚(3.27g,25.5mmol),CuI(0.48g,2.5mmol),菲啰啉(0.9g,5mmol),碳酸钾(4.8g,35mmol)于100mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应16小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到4.43g白色粉末固体。产率:84.6%
(3)4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c1)(1g,2.38mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤后干燥得到1.02g白色粉末固体。产率:88.7%。
(4)4,6-双[(4-(9,9’-二甲基吖啶-10(9H)-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取9,9’二甲基吖啶(0.89g,4.2mmol)于50mL烧瓶中,加入10mL干燥DMF,0℃条件下缓慢加入NaH(60%,0.21g,5.2mmol),室温搅拌30min,后一次性加入4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)(1g,2.06mmol),反应在60℃搅拌6小时。反应结束后,加入20mL水,有固体析出,抽滤,水洗,二氯甲烷:正己烷=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得1.4g黄色固体。产率:78.6%
产物鉴定数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.73(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),8.27(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.65-7.59(m,6H),7.44-7.42(m,4H),6.95-6.93(m,8H),6.34-6.31(m,4H),1.63(s,6H),1.57(s,6H)ppm.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)=147.1,140.1,131.7,131.0,130.5,128.0,126.2,125.0,124.0,121.5,115.2,30.7ppm.Ms(ESI:Mz 863)(M+1)
实施例2
(1)4,6-双[(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取咔唑(1.7g,10mmol)于50mL烧瓶中,加入20mL干燥DMF,0℃条件下缓慢加入NaH(60%,0.6g,15mmol),室温搅拌30min,后一次性加入4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)(3g,5mmol),反应在60℃搅拌6小时。反应结束后,加入60mL水,有固体析出,抽滤,水洗,二氯甲烷:正己烷=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得3.3g黄色固体。产率:85.7%
产物鉴定数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.62(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),8.66(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.23(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.15(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.93(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.72(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.30(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.22(t,J=8.0Hz,4H)ppm.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)=141.9,138.9,129.8,128.1,127.6,126.7,126.2,124.7,124.5,123.0,120.6,120.3,110.3,109.6ppm.Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例3
(1)4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(1.05g,2.5mmol),3-溴苯硫酚(0.98g,5.2mmol),CuI(0.095g,0.5mmol),菲啰啉(0.18g,1mmol),碳酸钾(0.96g,7mmol)于50mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入10mL干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应16小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*20mL),合并有机层,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=20/1洗脱剂硅胶柱层析分离得0.9g白色固体。产率:66%
(2)4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c2)(0.9g,1.66mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到0.8g白色粉末固体。产率:80%。
(3)4,6-双[(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d2)(0.136g,0.3mmol),咔唑(0.1g,0.6mmol),Pd2(dba)3(28mg,0.03mmol),P(tBu)3甲苯溶液(24mg,0.06mmol),叔丁醇钠(0.115g,1.2mmol),甲苯5mL于10mL Schlenk瓶中,氮气保护,110℃反应10小时。反应结束后,加入20mL 5%NaHSO3溶液,二氯甲烷萃取(3*20mL),正己烷/乙酸乙酯=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得0.18g黄色固体。产率:69%
产物鉴定数据如下:
Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例4
(1)4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(2.1g,5mmol),2-溴苯硫酚(1.96g,10.4mmol),CuI(0.19g,1mmol),菲啰啉(0.36g,2mmol),碳酸钾(2g,14mmol)于50mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入20mL干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应15小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*30mL),合并有机层并水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=20/1洗脱剂硅胶柱层析分离得1.5g白色固体。产率:55%
(2)4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c3)(1.4g,2.58mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到1.4g白色粉末固体。产率:89%。
(3)4,6-双[(2-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(4)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d3)(1.36g,3mmol),咔唑(1g,6mmol),Pd2(dba)3(0.28g,0.3mmol),P(tBu)3甲苯溶液(0.24g,0.6mmol),叔丁醇钠(1.15g,12mmol),甲苯10mL于25mL Schlenk瓶中,氮气保护,110℃反应10小时。反应结束后,加入30mL 5%NaHSO3溶液,二氯甲烷萃取(3*30mL),正己烷/乙酸乙酯=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得1.1g黄色固体。产率:47%
产物鉴定数据如下:
Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例5
玻璃化转变温度测试:
氮气保护下,以20℃/min的加热和冷却速率用示差扫描量热法(DSC)测试化合物2的玻璃化转变温度。测得化合物2的玻璃化转变温度Tg为180℃(图1)。而文献所报道的CBP的玻璃化转变温度仅为62℃。
可见,本发明中的化合物比常用主体材料CBP具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,本发明显著提高了主体材料的热稳定性。
实施例6
有机电致发光器件的制备
器件结构为ITO/HATCN(5nm)/TAPC(50nm)/化合物2:Ir(ppy):(4wt%,20nm)/TmPyPb(50nm)/LiF(1nm)/AL(100nm)
器件制备方式描述如下:见图2
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板(包含10和20)按照以下步骤处理:预先用洗涤剂溶液、去离子水,乙醇,丙酮,去离子水洗净,再经氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,在ITO上蒸渡5nm厚的HATCN作为空穴注入层30。
然后,在空穴注入层上蒸渡50nm厚的TAPC作为空穴传输层40。
然后,在空穴传输层上蒸渡20nm厚的化合物2:Ir(ppy):(4wt%)作为发光层50。
然后,在发光层上蒸渡50nm厚的TmPyPb作为电子传输层60。
然后,在电子传输层上蒸渡1nm厚的LiF作为电子注入层70。
最后,在电子注入层上蒸渡100nm厚的铝作为器件阴极80。
比较例
电致发光器件的制备
器件结构为ITO/HATCN(5nm)/TAPC(50nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy):(4wt%,20nm)/TmPyPb(50nm)/LiF(1nm)/AL(100nm)
方法同实施例6,但使用常用市售化合物CBP作为主体材料,制作对比用电致发光有机半导体二极管器件。
实验表明,使用本发明的双极性主体材料制备的电致发光器件,在20mA/cm2电流密度下,电压为6.99V,亮度7082cd/m2,电流效率35.41cd/A,功率效率15.91lm/W,外量子效率EQE为9.98%;而使用市售主体CBP制备的电致发光器件在同等电流密度下,电压为7.71V,亮度5845cd/m2,电流效率29.23cd/A,功率效率11.91lm/W,外量子效率EQE为8.5%。因此使用本发明的双极性主体材料,可获得比CBP制备的器件高21%的电流效率以及高17.4%的外量子效率,可获得更高的器件稳定性,具有更好的应用前景,更符合有机发光二极管对主体材料的要求。
Claims (9)
1.含有4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性材料的器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、发光层中的一层或多层,所述有机层含有基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料,该双极性主体材料具有式(I)所述结构,
其中R1、R2、R3中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑或二苯胺;R4、R5、R6中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑或二苯胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中R1、R4相同,R2、R5相同,R3、R6相同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的器件,其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑或二苯胺。
4.根据权利要求3所述的器件,其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、咔唑、茚并咔唑。
7.根据权利要求1所述的器件,所述基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料为发光层的材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的器件,所述有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的器件,所述有机层通过蒸渡或旋涂形成薄膜。
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