CN109748908B - 基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料及应用 - Google Patents
基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 aromatic diphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- JLEFKRHUPHIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diiododibenzofuran Chemical compound O1C2=C(I)C=CC=C2C2=C1C(I)=CC=C2 JLEFKRHUPHIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007125 Buchwald synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002083 iodinating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical class SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical group [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000026045 iodination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 abstract description 8
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OJBOKKQEPYFENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F OJBOKKQEPYFENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2C(=O)O UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- FUFLQGLZQDKOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(2-bromophenyl)sulfanyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=C(C=CC=C1)Br FUFLQGLZQDKOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MEUJZADSIYBGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)Br MEUJZADSIYBGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSXWVYUOOYESGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis[(3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1)Br OSXWVYUOOYESGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMAIDBGYGFEYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC(=CC=C1)Br Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC(=CC=C1)Br VMAIDBGYGFEYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RQOQSWYPCRVTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C=C1)F Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC1=CC=CC2=C1OC1=C2C=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C=C1)F RQOQSWYPCRVTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XPGGSDUDMVXZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br XPGGSDUDMVXZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEROAYCGKMZRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(Br)C=CC=2)=C1 BEROAYCGKMZRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1Br YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001251 acridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002866 fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于4,6‑二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料及其应用,该双极性主体材料,具有式(I)所述结构的化合物,其中,R1‑R6表示为烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物,氢,卤素,C1-C4烷基,R1‑R6至少一个为取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。实验表明,本发明的化合物比常用主体材料CBP具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,本发明显著提高了主体材料的热稳定性,更符合有机发光二极管对主体材料的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型的双极性主体材料,属于有机发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料及其应用。
背景技术
相比于液晶显示器需要背光的特性,有机发光二极管(OLED)具有主动发光、响应速度快、耗能低、亮度高、视角广、可弯曲等特性,在平板显示领域有着巨大的应用前景,受到了学术界和产业界的高度重视,因此被视为21世纪最具前途的产品之一。目前OLED器件已经实现了规模生产,并广泛应用在手机、平板电脑、汽车仪表、可穿戴设备等电子产品上。电致荧光和电致磷光分别被称为第一代和第二代OLED。基于荧光材料的OLED具有稳定性高的特点,但受限于量子统计学定律,在电激活作用下,产生的单线态激子和三线态激子的比例为1:3,所以荧光材料电致发光内量子效率最大仅有25%。而磷光材料具有重原子的自旋轨道耦合作用,可以综合利用单线态激子和三线态激子,理论的内量子效率可达100%。但是,在应用中基于磷光的OLED具有明显的效率滚降效应,在高亮度应用中有一定的阻碍。
磷光材料可以综合利用单线态激子和三线态激子,实现100%的内量子效率。研究表明,由于过渡金属配合物的激发态激子寿命相对过长,在高电流密度下存在三线态激子堆积,会导致三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)、三线态-极子湮灭(TPA),从而出现效率滚降等现象。为了克服这个问题,研究者们常将磷光材料掺杂于有机主体材料中,诸如掺杂于双极性主体材料中,可较好的平衡载流子的注入。最近,具有热活性延迟荧光性质的材料也被应用于磷光器件的主体中,由于热活性延迟荧光材料具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差,三线态激子可通过反系间窜越到单线态,再通过共振能量转移(FRET)传至客体材料中,从而降低三线态激子浓度,其器件性能也获得提高。因此,对于高效有机发光二极管,开发高性能的主体材料十分重要。
目前,广泛应用于磷光器件的主体材料为CBP(4,4’-二(9-咔唑基)联苯),但是它要求的驱动电压较高、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低(Tg=62℃),易于结晶。另外,CBP是一种P型材料,空穴迁移率远高于电子迁移率,不利于载流子注入和传输平衡,且发光效率低。
发明内容
针对现有主体(CBP)材料要求的驱动电压较高、玻璃化转变温度易于结晶、载流子注入和传输不平衡等问题,本发明提供一种双极性主体材料,该材料以4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃为拉电子中心核,具有给电子能力的二苯胺类、咔唑、吖啶等衍生物作为连接基团,D-A-L-A-D型双极性材料。
基于4,6-二苯砜二苯并呋喃的双极性主体材料,具有式(I)所述结构,
其中,R1-R6表示为烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物,氢,卤素,C1-C4烷基,且R1-R6至少有一个为烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:R1、R2、R3中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物;R4、R5、R6中两个为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,另一个为C1-C8烷基取代或未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:R1、R4相同,R2、R5相同,R3、R6相同。
优选:其中,R2、R3、R5、R6为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、咔唑、茚并咔唑、二苯胺或其它芳香性二苯胺衍生物。
优选:其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的吖啶基、咔唑、茚并咔唑。
式(I)所述的化合物为下列结构化合物
有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、发光层中的一层或多层。需要特别指出,上述有机层可以根据需要,这些有机层不必每层都存在。
所述式(I)所述的化合物为发光层的材料。
本发明的电子器件有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,优选1-500nm,更优选5-300nm。
所述有机层可以通过蒸渡或旋涂形成薄膜。
如上面提到,本发明的式(I)所述的化合物如下,但不限于所列举的结构:
上述双极主体材料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
首先将二苯并呋喃(a)在正丁基锂条件下形成锂盐,再碘代获得4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b),再与卤代苯硫酚(氟代、溴代)通过Ullmann反应得到硫醚中间体(c);卤代硫醚中间体氧化得到卤代硫砜化合物(d);最后卤代硫砜化合物(d)与取代或未取代的吖啶、咔唑、二苯胺(e)等通过钯催化的Buchwald反应或亲核取代反应,得到所述的双极主体材料。
实验表明,本发明的化合物比常用主体材料CBP具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,本发明显著提高了主体材料的热稳定性。使用本发明的双极性主体材料制备的有机电致发光器件,稳定性高,具有更好的应用前景,更符合有机发光二极管对主体材料的要求。
附图说明
图1为化合物2的DSC曲线;
图2为本发明的器件结构图,其中10代表为玻璃基板,20代表为阳极,30代表为空穴注入层,40代表为空穴传输层,50代表发光层,60代表为电子传输,70代表为电子注入层,80代表为阴极。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取二苯并呋喃(8.41g,50mmol)加至三口烧瓶中,氮气保护,加入干燥乙醚(150mL)中,将烧瓶置于-78℃低温反应器中,缓慢滴加正丁基锂(2.2M,68mL,150mmol),滴加完毕后,反应体系缓慢升至室温,继续搅拌10h。后降至-78℃,缓慢滴加I2的四氢呋喃溶液(38g,150mmol),滴加完毕后在室温搅拌4h。反应结束后,加入10%NaHSO3溶液(100mL),萃取分层,无机相用二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),收集有机相,无水MgSO4干燥,旋干溶液得粗产品,后乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥,得14g白色固体。产率:67%。
(2)4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(5.25g,12.5mmol),4-氟苯硫酚(3.27g,25.5mmol),CuI(0.48g,2.5mmol),菲啰啉(0.9g,5mmol),碳酸钾(4.8g,35mmol)于100mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应16小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到4.43g白色粉末固体。产率:84.6%
(3)4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c1)(1g,2.38mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤后干燥得到1.02g白色粉末固体。产率:88.7%。
(4)4,6-双[(4-(9,9’-二甲基吖啶-10(9H)-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(1)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取9,9’二甲基吖啶(0.89g,4.2mmol)于50mL烧瓶中,加入10mL干燥DMF,0℃条件下缓慢加入NaH(60%,0.21g,5.2mmol),室温搅拌30min,后一次性加入4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)(1g,2.06mmol),反应在60℃搅拌6小时。反应结束后,加入20mL水,有固体析出,抽滤,水洗,二氯甲烷:正己烷=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得1.4g黄色固体。产率:78.6%
产物鉴定数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.73(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),8.27(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.65-7.59(m,6H),7.44-7.42(m,4H),6.95-6.93(m,8H),6.34-6.31(m,4H),1.63(s,6H),1.57(s,6H)ppm.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)=147.1,140.1,131.7,131.0,130.5,128.0,126.2,125.0,124.0,121.5,115.2,30.7ppm.Ms(ESI:Mz 863)(M+1)
实施例2
(1)4,6-双[(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取咔唑(1.7g,10mmol)于50mL烧瓶中,加入20mL干燥DMF,0℃条件下缓慢加入NaH(60%,0.6g,15mmol),室温搅拌30min,后一次性加入4,6-双[(4-氟苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d1)(3g,5mmol),反应在60℃搅拌6小时。反应结束后,加入60mL水,有固体析出,抽滤,水洗,二氯甲烷:正己烷=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得3.3g黄色固体。产率:85.7%
产物鉴定数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.62(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),8.66(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.23(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.15(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.93(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.72(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.30(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.22(t,J=8.0Hz,4H)ppm.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)=141.9,138.9,129.8,128.1,127.6,126.7,126.2,124.7,124.5,123.0,120.6,120.3,110.3,109.6ppm.Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例3
(1)4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(1.05g,2.5mmol),3-溴苯硫酚(0.98g,5.2mmol),CuI(0.095g,0.5mmol),菲啰啉(0.18g,1mmol),碳酸钾(0.96g,7mmol)于50mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入10mL干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应16小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*20mL),合并有机层,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=20/1洗脱剂硅胶柱层析分离得0.9g白色固体。产率:66%
(2)4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d2)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c2)(0.9g,1.66mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到0.8g白色粉末固体。产率:80%。
(3)4,6-双[(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(3-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d2)(0.136g,0.3mmol),咔唑(0.1g,0.6mmol),Pd2(dba)3(28mg,0.03mmol),P(tBu)3甲苯溶液(24mg,0.06mmol),叔丁醇钠(0.115g,1.2mmol),甲苯5mL于10mL Schlenk瓶中,氮气保护,110℃反应10小时。反应结束后,加入20mL 5%NaHSO3溶液,二氯甲烷萃取(3*20mL),正己烷/乙酸乙酯=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得0.18g黄色固体。产率:69%
产物鉴定数据如下:
Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例4
(1)4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b)(2.1g,5mmol),2-溴苯硫酚(1.96g,10.4mmol),CuI(0.19g,1mmol),菲啰啉(0.36g,2mmol),碳酸钾(2g,14mmol)于50mL三口烧瓶中,换氮气三次。加入20mL干燥DMSO,升温至130℃反应15小时。反应结束后,加入150mL水,二氯甲烷萃取(3*30mL),合并有机层并水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=20/1洗脱剂硅胶柱层析分离得1.5g白色固体。产率:55%
(2)4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d3)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)硫基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(c3)(1.4g,2.58mmol)于烧瓶中,二氯甲烷溶解,反应体系置于冰浴中,缓慢加入2.2当量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温反应24小时。反应结束后,加入5%NaHSO3溶液50mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并有机层,Na2CO3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。砂芯漏斗过滤,旋干溶剂,乙醇打浆,抽滤干燥得到1.4g白色粉末固体。产率:89%。
(3)4,6-双[(2-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(4)的合成
合成路线如下所示:
具体合成步骤为:
称取4,6-双[(2-溴苯基)砜基]二苯并[b,d]呋喃(d3)(1.36g,3mmol),咔唑(1g,6mmol),Pd2(dba)3(0.28g,0.3mmol),P(tBu)3甲苯溶液(0.24g,0.6mmol),叔丁醇钠(1.15g,12mmol),甲苯10mL于25mL Schlenk瓶中,氮气保护,110℃反应10小时。反应结束后,加入30mL 5%NaHSO3溶液,二氯甲烷萃取(3*30mL),正己烷/乙酸乙酯=2:1为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得1.1g黄色固体。产率:47%
产物鉴定数据如下:
Ms(ESI:Mz 779)(M+1)
实施例5
玻璃化转变温度测试:
氮气保护下,以20℃/min的加热和冷却速率用示差扫描量热法(DSC)测试化合物2的玻璃化转变温度。测得化合物2的玻璃化转变温度Tg为180℃(图1)。而文献所报道的CBP的玻璃化转变温度仅为62℃。
可见,本发明中的化合物比常用主体材料CBP具有更高的玻璃化转变温度,本发明显著提高了主体材料的热稳定性。
实施例6
有机电致发光器件的制备
器件结构为ITO/HATCN(5nm)/TAPC(50nm)/化合物2:Ir(ppy):(4wt%,20nm)/TmPyPb(50nm)/LiF(1nm)/AL(100nm)
器件制备方式描述如下:见图2
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板(包含10和20)按照以下步骤处理:预先用洗涤剂溶液、去离子水,乙醇,丙酮,去离子水洗净,再经氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,在ITO上蒸渡5nm厚的HATCN作为空穴注入层30。
然后,在空穴注入层上蒸渡50nm厚的TAPC作为空穴传输层40。
然后,在空穴传输层上蒸渡20nm厚的化合物2:Ir(ppy):(4wt%)作为发光层50。
然后,在发光层上蒸渡50nm厚的TmPyPb作为电子传输层60。
然后,在电子传输层上蒸渡1nm厚的LiF作为电子注入层70。
最后,在电子注入层上蒸渡100nm厚的铝作为器件阴极80。
比较例
电致发光器件的制备
器件结构为ITO/HATCN(5nm)/TAPC(50nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy):(4wt%,20nm)/TmPyPb(50nm)/LiF(1nm)/AL(100nm)
方法同实施例6,但使用常用市售化合物CBP作为主体材料,制作对比用电致发光有机半导体二极管器件。
实验表明,使用本发明的双极性主体材料制备的电致发光器件,在20mA/cm2电流密度下,电压为6.99V,亮度7082cd/m2,电流效率35.41cd/A,功率效率15.91lm/W,外量子效率EQE为9.98%;而使用市售主体CBP制备的电致发光器件在同等电流密度下,电压为7.71V,亮度5845cd/m2,电流效率29.23cd/A,功率效率11.91lm/W,外量子效率EQE为8.5%。因此使用本发明的双极性主体材料,可获得比CBP制备的器件高21%的电流效率以及高17.4%的外量子效率,可获得更高的器件稳定性,具有更好的应用前景,更符合有机发光二极管对主体材料的要求。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的双极性主体材料,其中R1、R4相同,R2、R5相同,R3、R6相同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双极性主体材料,其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢、卤素或C1-C4烷基,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的咔唑基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双极性主体材料,其中R2、R3、R5、R6为氢,R1、R4为C1-C4烷基取代或者未取代的咔唑基。
8.权利要求5所述的双极主体材料的制备方法,采用如下方法制得:
首先将二苯并呋喃(a)在正丁基锂条件下形成锂盐,再碘代获得4,6-二碘二苯并呋喃(b),再与卤代苯硫酚通过Ullmann反应得到卤代硫醚中间体(c);卤代硫醚中间体(c)氧化得到卤代硫砜化合物(d);最后卤代硫砜化合物(d)与咔唑通过钯催化的Buchwald反应或亲核取代反应,得到所述的双极主体材料,所述卤代为氟代或溴代;其反应式如下:
所述碘代所用试剂为碘单质,所述Ullmann反应条件为在菲咯啉和碘化亚铜存在下反应,所述氧化所用氧化剂为间氯过氧苯甲酸,所述钯催化的Buchwald反应中所用试剂为Pd2(dba)3和P(tBu)3,所述亲核取代反应试剂为氢化钠。
9.权利要求1-7任一所述的双极主体材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
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