CN109699382A - A kind of low cost Subalpine region degeneration forest quickly grows into forest recovery technology - Google Patents

A kind of low cost Subalpine region degeneration forest quickly grows into forest recovery technology Download PDF

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CN109699382A
CN109699382A CN201910155877.0A CN201910155877A CN109699382A CN 109699382 A CN109699382 A CN 109699382A CN 201910155877 A CN201910155877 A CN 201910155877A CN 109699382 A CN109699382 A CN 109699382A
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forest
sapling
technology
recovery
degenerated
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CN109699382B (en
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李丹丹
刘庆
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Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to forest ecological restoration fields, and in particular to a kind of low cost Subalpine region degeneration forest quickly grows into forest recovery technology.It degenerates primarily directed to southwestern sink-source dynamics this specific degraded ecosystem of typical secondary shrub stage to be formed, proposes a kind of technology for carrying out the fast quick-recovery of forest low cost by local secondary shrub microhabitat.Technology provided by the invention is very simple, strong operability, at low cost, trees survival rate is high, without the maintenance such as artificial watering, fertilising after sapling plantation, only relies on natural environment, it is remarkably improved sapling plant survival rate, promotes the ecosystem rapid succession degenerated and restores.

Description

A kind of low cost Subalpine region degeneration forest quickly grows into forest recovery technology
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest ecological restoration fields, and in particular to a kind of Subalpine region degeneration forest of low cost quickly grows into forest Ecological recovery technology.
Background technique
Southwestern high mountain, subalpine region are that Qinghai-Tibet Platean and loess plateau-river Yunnan two are big in " national main functionality section planning " The important area of the ecological protective screen, and country implement the body region of " wildwood protected project " and the life that Yangtze upriver areas is important State barrier zones.Although country implements wildwood protected project and Grain for Green Project in the region, due to local special Basic torsion is not yet received in different ecological environment and the reasons such as human interference and Global climate change, the trend for causing ecology integrally to be degenerated Turn.It would therefore be highly desirable to reinforce area's deteriorated artifically sown grassland recovery technology research.
Currently, falling behind relatively about high mountain, the technology of Subalpine region degeneration forest ecological restoration and theory.On the one hand, never There is any prior art to consider to promote the growth to start seedlings by degradation regions habitat.Previous China is about high mountain, Subalpine region Forest restoration mostly use the mode for planting single coniferous species greatly, degradation regions vacant lot build large area Artificial Coniferous Pure forest.The technology major defect is: (1) putting into more manpower before the plantation of forest seedling to promote to grow, such as pass through chemistry side Method improves the survival rate (such as abscisic acid or transplanting survival agent dipped roots before planting) of nursery stock, then such as carrying out fine big cave site preparation, It is early investment heavy workload, at high cost, it is unfavorable for large area and restores construction.(2) due to high mountain, that there are soil in Subalpine region area is poor Situations such as lean, water evaporation quantity is big, awful weather, and the high slope in mountain is steep, uninhabited, arrived at by manpower it is not only dangerous, but also very It is difficult, therefore implement that the cost effectively managed and protected is higher, difficulty is bigger after artificial plantation for a long time, or even determine root when transplanting sapling Water is all difficult to ensure, causes sapling survival rate low, and difficulty of growing into forest is big.(3) even if after artificial afforestration grows into forest, Artificial Coniferous Forests are yet Generally existing update is difficult, structure of community is single, bio-diversity is low and habitat suitability students with poor academic records' state functional deterioration problem.
On the other hand, there are also to be tested, shortages for adaptability and generalization of the current recovery technology in different niches region The technology of restoration and reconstruction is carried out for the deteriorated artifically sown grassland of different degraded stage.Group according to the vegetation degeneration stage is excellent Gesture species diversity, Subalpine region degeneration forest can be divided into slash stage, secondary shrub stage, broad-leaf forest stage and theropencedrymion rank Section.Due to long-term forest harvesting and destruction, secondary shrub distribution area in Subalpine region region is extremely wide at present, type is abundant.But by Special fragile ecological environment in High-cold regions is deposited after recovery under the influence of the factors such as human interference and Global climate change Phase tree species nature slow growth updates the problems such as difficult, causes secondary shrub natural deduction recovery process slower, it is difficult to be restored to The zonality forest stage.However, for the typical secondary shrub stage that southwestern sink-source dynamics are degenerated, previous forest decay Recovery technology never takes any effective measures.
To sum up, provide it is a kind of for southwestern sink-source dynamics degenerate the typical secondary shrub stage quickly and effectively at Woods recovery technology is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of inexpensive Subalpine region area degeneration Forest restoration technologies.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: it is a kind of low cost Subalpine region area degenerate Forest restoration technology relies primarily on secondary shrub microhabitat plant constructive species sapling.It is micro- that the present invention relies on local secondary shrub Habitat is planted trees, and the conditions such as illumination, cool place, the moisture of aggregation and the nutrition of secondary shrub offer, side are fully utilized Local ecology is helped to be restored to the needle wealthy mixed friendship stage from the rapid succession of secondary shrub stage, it is not only time saving and energy saving, but also further promote Into local ecological diversity.
Preferably, the recovery technology of growing into forest is for alpine zone and/or subalpine belt.The technical solution adopted by the present invention master Typical this degraded ecosystem of secondary shrub stage to be formed that degenerate for southwest sink-source dynamics carries out.Through length Phase it was verified that technical solution provided by the invention is adaptable, at low cost, operability is high, can further genralrlization to other Alpine zone, the subalpine belt in area help local quick Revegetation of Eco-environment.
Preferably, the recovery technology of the present invention by secondary shrub microhabitat is referred mainly to the constructive species tree Seedling is planted in the ground projected area of the Root Distribution range of the secondary shrub.
Preferably, the technology includes the following steps:
(1) site preparation is carried out before current year soil freezing: hole is set in local secondary shrub Root Distribution region.It is described Before soil freezing, in particular to autumn, the specific time according to the different from different places of this technology is implemented, in South-West Asia height Mountain area can choose to carry out in 9~October.The throwing of ground corresponding to secondary shrub root system coverage area is arranged in the hole Penetrate in region carry out, with guarantee the constructive species sapling of subsequent plantation can make full use of secondary shrub microhabitat quickly survive and give birth to It is long.
(2) after coming year soil freezing-thawing, constructive species sapling kind is entered in the hole.The type of the constructive species sapling And the age of tree is all extremely important.If the local unfavorable tree species of selection, can reduce survival rate;If introduced rashly local no Kind, it is also possible to situations such as causing biotic intrusion.In addition, the age of tree is excessive or too small also all closely related with survival rate.Through long-term Analysis, present invention constructive species sapling used when forest is restored in southwest are as follows: 5 years raw dragon spruce seedling ages, plant height 30cm or so; 2 years raw red birch seedling ages, plant height 50cm or so.Inventor uses triennial or 6 years raw dragon spruce seedlings, and uses life in 1 year and 3 years Raw red birch seedling, survival rate is undesirable, and average viability is generally 80% or so.
The up and down direction of slope aspect line where hole is preferably set to secondary shrub simultaneously.It, will if growing area is in tailo Constructive species sapling is planted when direction on secondary shrub, and illumination is more severe, is unfavorable for survival early period of constructive species sapling;If kind Growing area is in Schattenseite, and by the plantation of constructive species sapling under secondary shrub when direction, the illumination that constructive species sapling receives is smaller, cannot Sufficient photosynthesis is carried out, its survival and growth are still unfavorable for.Therefore, this technology is simultaneously in the up and down direction of secondary shrub Constructive species sapling is planted, no matter growing area is in tailo or Schattenseite, can guarantee the survival rate of constructive species sapling.
Preferably, the constructive species sapling of the up and down direction plantation same breed of slope aspect line where the secondary shrub.
Preferably, the hole size is subject to the root system nature diastole of constructive species sapling;And/or;Each hole encloses Uniformly distributed, cave 1~3m of spacing around secondary shrub root system.
Preferably, the hole and 20~35cm of secondary shrub main root spacing;And/or;Each constructive species sapling plantation Spacing 2m or more.
Preferably, the mode that the plantation of the constructive species sapling takes coniferous tree, broad leaf tree mongrel to plant.
Preferably, the constructive species sapling plantation group becomes, coniferous tree: broad leaf tree=1:2.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) scientific value.The present invention closely surrounds " National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006- The year two thousand twenty) " deployment, to accelerate Upper Yangtze River ecological barrier construction and degeneration Forest restoration process, with South-West Asia high mountain needle Woods degenerates the typical secondary shrub to be formed for main object, for Subalpine region secondary shrub succession Later convalescent tree species natural renovation Difficulty, is difficult to the problems such as being restored to the zonality forest stage at slow growth, utilizes succession, Later convalescent species (constructive species tree Seedling) colonization and the growth microhabitat (including the edaphon, soil that can be dependent on early stage succession, restore species (secondary shrub) Earth nutrient, moisture, illumination etc.) this theory, constructive species sapling is planted in secondary shrub Root Distribution region, secondary filling is made Clump promotes the survival and growth of constructive species sapling.The specific method for planting that the present invention uses, can reduce degeneration Forest restoration Economic cost, and revegetation can be rapidly promoted, quickly grown into forest, shorten secondary shrub to the top vegetation forward direction succession of zonality, The period of recovery restores to provide scientific support for orohylile.In addition, the present invention compensates for current Subalpine region degeneration forest people The deficiency of work recovery measure has great reference to the recovery of later orohylile.
(2) ecological benefits.Southwestern high mountain Subalpine region deteriorated artifically sown grassland is one of China ecologically fragile areas, these areas The domain slope Shan Gao is steep, Characteristics and Water Conservation Function is weak, and geological disaster takes place frequently.Present invention facilitates the vegetation of southwest degeneration forest is extensive It is multiple, be conducive to the maintenance area ecological balance, improve Forest Landscape pattern, push the development of local tourism industry, for ecology The sustainable development of environment provides strong support, the improvement to region environment or even the territory guarantor to basins such as the Changjiang river The permanent operation of peace and Three Gorges Projects will all play positive effect.
To sum up, technically simple, strong operability provided by the invention, at low cost, trees survival rate height, nothing after sapling plantation It needs artificial watering, fertilising etc. to conserve, only relies on natural environment, that is, be remarkably improved sapling plant survival rate, rapidly promote secondary Shrubbery quickly grow into forest succession and restore.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pattern of farming schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention Subalpine region wildwood vegetational type feature is investigated after obtain wildwood in plant species composition with Distribution density, and on this basis, suitable constructive species sapling is selected, transplants and is carried out rationally in Subalpine region secondary shrub woods Community collocation (planting densities of different plant species).Subalpine region environment is special, and the high slope in mountain is steep, interpersonal rareness, cannot pour and determine root Water is also not easy to daily manage and protect.In order to improve the survival rate and growth of sapling, the present invention is creatively by secondary shrub plant Constructive species sapling is planted in the corresponding ground projected area of secondary shrub Root Distribution range by the microhabitat of offer.In addition, Subalpine region area also has the features such as strong sunlight, water evaporation quantity is big, and the early period that the present invention is transplanted in sapling is by secondary filling Cong Weiqi shading and water conservation;Influence of the slope aspect (Schattenseite and tailo) to sunlight irradiation plant is considered simultaneously, respectively secondary The up and down direction plant constructive species sapling of slope aspect line where scrub plant is to improve survival rate.Specific steps are as follows:
1, Tree Species Selection
The principle that matching species with the site fits provenance is followed, reference frame is become with Subalpine region wildwood species group, abundant Under the premise of considering the factors such as biological characteristics, ecological characteristics, the adaptability altitude ranges of tree species used in revegetation, choose suitable Ying Xingqiang, easily survival, Miao Yuan indigenous tree abundant carry out collocation plant.Dragon spruce (coniferous tree is chosen in the embodiment of the present invention Kind) He Honghua (deciduous species) be target tree species transplanted.
2, it plants seedlings technology
(1) site preparation
1) time: (9~October) site preparation in the fall is selected.Since Subalpine region area mountain height is precipitous, it has not been convenient to which root is determined in pouring Water can only rely on natural conditions.High mountain, Subalpine region region belong to High-cold regions, and annual 10 the end of month starts snowfall frost, is selected in soil Site preparation is carried out before freezing, it is on the one hand easily operated, it on the other hand can make accumulated snow in the nest of cave, spring in the coming year, snow melting was in cave nest In accumulate a large amount of snow-broths, for plant sapling root water be used.
2) site preparation principle: should ensure can enable secondary shrub to mention for plant sapling by secondary shrub microhabitat It for moisture, nutrient, illumination protection, while needing to make hole larger as far as possible again, accumulates more accumulated snow, guarantee root water demand.Cause This, it is most important how site preparation beats nest.It is investigated and is found according to long-term field, most of secondary shrub lateral root is distributed in away from its main root Within the scope of 80cm to 100cm.Choose suitable secondary shrub, in a point-like manner every plant of secondary shrub many places slope aspect line up and down At direction, in its Root Distribution region, with a distance from secondary shrub main root to take hole at 20cm, the length and width of hole, it is deep respectively For 30cm × 30cm × 30cm, hill spacing 2m.After the completion of hole takes, one layer of fertile soil is spread in hole bottom.The fertile soil can Directly adopt spontaneous fertile soil around secondary shrub.
(2) sapling requires
Using technical solution provided by the invention, the sapling of plant relies only on natural conditions Survival and growth, not additionally into Row manual intervention.Therefore, it is excessive to choose sapling, needs to be unfavorable for quickly surviving early period to maintain to grow compared with juicy and nutrient; It is too small to choose sapling, is unfavorable for it and resists adverse circumstance.Experience accumulation and data analysis through long-term practice, choose 5 years raw dragon spruces Seedling age, plant height 30cm or so;2 years raw red birch seedling ages, plant height 50cm or so.Dragon spruce seedling and red birch seedling are seedling (by planting The nursery stock of son directly breeding), when lifting, needs band place as much as possible native, nursery stock dehydration should be prevented during transportation, First its root is sufficiently soaked before plant, then band place soil is planted together enters hole.
(3) time is transplanted
In the time in the early spring, high mountain, Subalpine region regional temperature are usually also lower, and when have and snow, plant sapling is easy frostbite, no Conducive to sapling survival.Therefore plantation selection is advisable in May.The region freeze thawing terminates at this time, the snow-broth in the hole of accumulation early period Melt, provides sufficient root water for plant sapling.In addition, hereafter a very long time be all rainy season, can solve sapling and deposit Moisture needed for critical period living.
(4) plant requires
As shown in Figure 1, forming with reference to natural conophorium, according to needle: wealthy=1:2, i.e. dragon spruce: red birch transplants ratio and is 1:2 carries out community collocation, and with mixed patterns, seeding row spacing 2m × 2m plant between strain.On the slope aspect line of same strain secondary shrub Transplant identical tree species in lower direction.
3, management and maintenance
Since the sapling transplanted is grown naturally by natural conditions, there are not the management measures such as fertilising, pouring, therefore Final-period management and maintenance are very simple, only need periodically patrol the artificial planted forest, it is ensured that this kind plants seedlings and do not done naturally Damage except disturbing, situations such as monitoring and handle fire behavior and pest and disease damage in time, and the survival rate of periodic monitoring sapling and growth feelings Condition.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, explanation is further explained to the present invention.
Embodiment
Enforcement place: the Subalpine region secondary shrub woods at Sichuan Province, francolin mountain, Li County, 3800 meters of height above sea level carries out.
1, site preparation: site preparation is carried out in October.Choose suitable secondary shrub, by it is dotted take downwards in a manner of, at every plant It is to take hole at 20cm in the up and down direction of secondary shrub slope aspect line, its Root Distribution region, with a distance from secondary shrub main root, The length and width of the hole, deep respectively 30cm × 30cm × 30cm, hill spacing 2m, and one layer of fertile soil is covered in hole bottom.
2, seedling: selection dragon spruce seedling age is life in 5 years, plant height 30cm or so;Red birch seedling age is life in 2 years, plant height 50cm or so. Dragon spruce and red birch are seedling, mostly band place soil when lifting, and should prevent nursery stock dehydration during transportation, and will before plant It sufficiently soaks its root.It is planted after May, soil freezing-thawing.
3, transplant mode: taking mixed patterns between strain, seeding row spacing 2m × 2m is transplanted, in dragon spruce: red birch transplants ratio 1:2 carries out community collocation, transplants identical tree species in the slope aspect line up and down direction of same strain secondary shrub.Transplant main points: dragon spruce, red Birch Miao Suiqi is with cultivation, and when plant keeps nursery stock upright, and root system nature diastole, the depth of planting is suitable for that earthing is steady and sure.
4, technical essential: pay attention to keeping with secondary shrub main root distance when digging pit to start to take at 20cm, and in list Strain secondary shrub slope aspect line up and down direction, which is digged pit, transplants identical tree species seedling, guarantees that transplanted sapling is distributed in secondary shrub lateral root In region, while adapting to secondary shrub to carry out guaranteeing to transplant sapling when site preparation is digged pit to keep seeding row spacing to be 2m × 2m choosing.
5, it manages and maintains: periodically the artificial planted forest being patrolled, it is ensured that this kind plants seedlings not except by natural disturbance Damage, situations such as monitoring and handle fire behavior and pest and disease damage in time, and the survival rate and growing state of periodic monitoring sapling.
6, control group
Preferably to show technical effect of the invention, ad hoc vertical control group: selected according to conventional method for planting in the region One piece of vacant lot plant dragon spruce, red birch are taken, in addition to the microhabitat for not utilizing secondary shrub, other method for planting are identical as the present invention.
7, result
According to the planting technique in the present invention, add up in the secondary shrub woods of Sichuan Province, francolin mountain, Li County in May, 2018 20 mu of plant, and set up control group and conventionally transplant 5 mu in vacant lot.Seedling is transplanted in the present invention without fertilising, pouring Etc. any pre-treatment, environment existence is relied solely on itself, in November, 2018, dragon spruce, red birch survival rate were up to 92% through investigation statistics, And it is only 73% that its survival rate is transplanted in control group vacant lot.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of help is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest recovery technology, it is characterised in that: builds group by the plantation of secondary shrub microhabitat Kind sapling.
2. help according to claim 1 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the technology needle To alpine zone and/or subalpine belt.
3. help according to claim 1 or 2 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: described to build Group's kind sapling plantation is in the ground projected area of the secondary shrub Root Distribution range.
4. help according to claim 1 or 2 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the skill Art includes the following steps:
(1) before current year soil freezing, hole is set in the ground projected area of local secondary shrub Root Distribution range;
(2) after coming year soil freezing-thawing, the constructive species sapling kind is entered in the hole.
5. help according to claim 4 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the constructive species Sapling plants the up and down direction of the slope aspect line where the secondary shrub simultaneously.
6. help according to claim 5 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the secondary filling The constructive species sapling of the up and down direction plantation same breed of slope aspect line where clump.
7. help according to claim 4 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the hole is big The small root system nature diastole for being subject to constructive species sapling;And/or;Each hole is uniformly distributed around secondary shrub root system, cave spacing 1 ~3m.
8. help according to claim 4 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the hole with 20~35cm of secondary shrub main root spacing;And/or;Each constructive species sapling plants spacing 2m or more.
9. help according to claim 4 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: the constructive species The mode that the plantation of sapling takes coniferous tree, broad leaf tree mongrel to plant.
10. help according to claim 9 is degenerated, forest quickly grows into forest the technology of recovery, it is characterised in that: described to build group Kind sapling plantation group becomes, coniferous tree: broad leaf tree=1:2.
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CN113575260A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-02 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 Method for recovering suitable habitat of pandas in secondary sub-high mountain bamboo shrub forest land

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