CN109689915B - 临时防腐蚀保护涂层 - Google Patents

临时防腐蚀保护涂层 Download PDF

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CN109689915B
CN109689915B CN201780051889.8A CN201780051889A CN109689915B CN 109689915 B CN109689915 B CN 109689915B CN 201780051889 A CN201780051889 A CN 201780051889A CN 109689915 B CN109689915 B CN 109689915B
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substrate
temperature
corrosion protection
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protection oil
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扬科·巴尼克
帕特里克·库恩
曼努埃拉·鲁滕贝里
阿克塞尔·施罗滕
萨沙·西科拉
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品来制造部件的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：‑提供由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品构成的基板，‑将基板加热至温度T1，使得铝硅保护覆盖层仅部分地与钢制品的铁预合金化，‑将预合金化的基板冷却至室温，‑将防腐蚀保护油涂覆至预合金化的基板的表面上，其中防腐蚀保护油由包含脂肪酸酯的组合物构成，‑运输配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板，‑将配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板加热至温度T2，使得铝硅保护覆盖层与钢制品中的铁完全地合金化，并且无残余地移除防腐蚀保护油，以及‑使再加热的基板成型成部件。

Description

临时防腐蚀保护涂层
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品来制造部件的方法。
背景技术
现在，借助于热浸镀铝，为诸如钢带或钢板的钢制品配置铝硅保护覆盖层，以防止腐蚀影响。
为了防止在成型成期望部件的过程中保护覆盖层局部剥落，钢制品通常与基体材料的铁合金化。这造成更长的退火时间。
根据DE 10 2008 006 771 B3，已知了，相较于未预先处理的铝硅保护覆盖层，预合金化的铝硅保护覆盖层导致加热时间的缩短。
尽管在这种预合金钢制品上存在保护覆盖层，但实际上，由于天气原因，例如在存储和/或运输期间，表面上会发生腐蚀(红锈)。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种克服了现有技术中的缺点的方法。
根据本发明，用于由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品来制造部件的方法包括下列步骤：
-提供由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品构成的基板，
-将基板加热至温度T1，使得铝硅保护覆盖层仅部分地与钢制品的铁预合金化，
-将预合金化的基板冷却至室温，
-将防腐蚀保护油涂覆至预合金化的基板的表面上，其中防腐蚀保护油由包含脂肪酸酯的组合物构成，
-运输配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板，
-将配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板加热至温度T2，使得铝硅保护覆盖层与钢制品中的铁完全地合金化，并且无残余地移除防腐蚀保护油，以及
-使再加热的基板成型成部件。
令人惊讶地发现，除了额外的临时防腐蚀保护外，在用于成型工艺的再加热后，配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板不遗留任何残余物，而残余物会对材料性能有不良影响，并且因此不会对生产链中的其它方法步骤造成不良干扰。
此外，令人惊讶地发现，可以显著缩短将配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板加热至温度T2的时间。
在根据本发明的方法中，首先提供由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品构成的基板。在这种情况下，钢制品是涂覆有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢板或钢带。通常借助于热浸镀铝对钢制品进行涂覆。
在进一步的方法步骤中，基板被加热到温度T1，使得铝硅保护覆盖层仅部分地与钢制品的铁预合金化。这样未完全合金化的基板具有韧性，这允许切割或者修整所得的基板，而不会损坏保护覆盖层。
在此，可以在罩式退火炉、箱式炉中或者在连续式退火炉中执行将基板加热至温度T1的步骤。
优选地，这种未完全合金化的铝硅保护覆盖层的铁份额为25-50wt.％。在一种特别优选的变体中，铝硅保护覆盖层由10wt.％的硅、25-50wt.％的铁和余量的铝构成。
在将预合金化的基板冷却至室温后，根据本发明，防腐蚀保护油被涂覆到表面上，其中防腐蚀保护油由包含脂肪酸酯的组合物构成。将防腐蚀保护油涂覆到预合金化的基板上的步骤可以例如通过喷雾或浸入含有防腐蚀保护油的浸池中来完成。替代地，借助于辊涂法，完成防腐蚀保护油的涂覆。
替代地，可以在冷却至室温前，将预合金化的基板浸入含有防腐蚀保护油的浸池，以使其在方法步骤中冷却并且为其提供临时的防腐蚀保护。
然后，运输配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板。在本文中所使用的术语“运输”可以理解为所有类型的运输过程，其中预合金化的基板被从例如钢制造商处的第一地址移动至第二地址，例如钢加工企业的工厂或者仓库。
在根据本发明的方法的进一步的步骤中，配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板被加热至温度T2，使得铝硅保护覆盖层与钢制品中的铁完全地合金化，并且无残余地移除防腐蚀保护油。因此，不仅未在表面上留下裂化的
Figure GDA0001976277170000031
碳链，在加热过程中也不会产生腐蚀性或有毒的燃烧残余物。
可以感应地、传导地或借助于热辐射，在连续炉中将基板加热至温度T2。
随后，再加热的基板被成型为期望的部件。
在此，优选地指的是热成型。进一步优选地，部件指的是汽车车身或其零件。
根据一种优选的实施方案，温度T2对应于850℃至1000℃的温度范围。更优选地，温度T2对应于880℃至930℃的温度范围。
根据另一优选的实施方案，将配置有防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的基板加热至温度T2包括下列方法步骤：
-将基板加热至850℃至1000℃，优选地880℃至930℃的温度范围T2，
-将基板保持在温度范围T2内，并且
-将基板冷却至550℃至780℃，优选地600℃至700℃的温度范围T3。
优选地，加热至T2的步骤持续60至210秒，优选地持续90至180秒。在此，基板的加热取决于基板的厚度，并且必须相关于分别使用的基板进行单独设定。
优选地，保持在温度范围T2的步骤持续60至600秒，优选地30至120秒。
优选地，以处于5至25K/s的范围内，优选地处于10至20K/s的范围内的冷却速率完成冷却。
进一步优选地，在将基板转移到模具中的过程中完成基板的冷却，其中在模具中对基板进行成型处理。
然后，在成型过程中完成进一步的冷却，以便之后在用模具完全定型时进行硬化。
优选地，在保护气氛下，完成加热至T2的步骤。作为保护气氛，可以使用干燥空气或者诸如氮气的保护气体。
在又一优选的实施方案中，温度T1对应于550℃至750℃，优选地550℃至700℃的温度范围。
在另一优选的实施方案中，组合物包含至少98wt.％，优选地98.5-99wt.％的脂肪酸酯。对于这种组合物，气态燃烧残余物由CO2和H2O构成，并且可以连同来自炉腔内的废气一同排出，而无需其他高花费的措施。
在一种特别优选的实施方案中，脂肪酸酯是C8-C16化合物，更优选是C11-C17化合物。
优选地，组合物的硫含量处于1-2wt.％的范围内，更优选地处于1-1.5wt.％的范围内。
优选地，组合物的皂化值处于150-265mg KOH/g的范围内，更优选地处于165-195mg KOH/g的范围内。
在另一优选的实施方案中，被涂覆到基板上的防腐蚀保护油的用量为0.5至2g/m2，更优选是0.7-1.7g/m2。
优选地，防腐蚀保护油的组合物不含脂肪。
特别优选地，组合物不含添加剂或抑制剂。
根据一种特别优选的实施方案，在将配置有防腐蚀保护油的基板加热至温度T2之前，不用借助于清洁步骤将防腐蚀保护油从配置有防腐蚀保护油的基板上移除。由此，还可以放弃工艺中高花费的清洁装置。另外，因为该工艺时间相对于包括清洁步骤的方法更短，整个工艺不仅更加成本低廉，还更环保。
根据又一方面，本发明涉及防腐蚀保护油用作存储和/或运输预合金化的基板时的临时防腐蚀保护的用途，其中防腐蚀保护油由包含脂肪酸酯的组合物构成，基板由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品构成。
具体实施方式
在下文中，根据实施方案，更详细地阐述本发明。
在热浸法中，为由质量为22MnB5的1.5mm板厚的钢板构成的基板配置25μm厚的铝硅保护覆盖层。保护覆盖层含有10wt.％的硅、3wt.％的铁以及余量的铝。在700℃，在风循环烘箱中将涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品预合金化成预制板坯。如此预合金化的钢板坯的铝硅保护覆盖层现在包含30wt.％的铁和10wt.％的硅和余量的铝。随后，在辊涂法中涂覆0.5g/m2的防腐蚀保护油。目前使用的防腐蚀保护油指的是不含任何其它添加剂或者抑制剂的天然油的脂肪酸衍生物。在运输和存储后，在未进行防天气影响处理的位置处进一步处理这些板坯。在进一步处理前，不能确定任何表面改变或者腐蚀损坏。为了进一步处理，借助于工业机器人，将板坯输送至热成型炉，并且在925℃在2.5分钟内被奥氏体化，使得其接下来可以在冷却的模具中成型并且硬化。热成型炉上的测量显示除了CO2、H2O和氮气形式的之前已经存在的炉气氛外，不在炉气氛中产生任何其他排放。同样地，在加压硬化的部件上未能确定任何所涂覆油的残余物。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品来制造部件的方法，所述方法包括下列步骤：
-提供由涂有铝硅保护覆盖层的钢制品构成的基板，
-将所述基板加热至温度T1，使得所述铝硅保护覆盖层仅部分地与所述钢制品的铁预合金化，
-将预合金化的所述基板冷却至室温，
-将防腐蚀保护油涂覆至预合金化的所述基板的表面上，其中所述防腐蚀保护油由包含至少98wt.％的脂肪酸酯的组合物构成，
-运输配置有所述防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的所述基板，
-将配置有所述防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的所述基板加热至温度T2，使得所述铝硅保护覆盖层与所述钢制品中的铁完全地合金化，并且所述防腐蚀保护油在含有氧气的环境中燃烧生成CO2和H2O而被无残余地移除，以及
-使再加热的所述基板成型成所述部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述温度T2对应于850℃至1000℃的温度范围。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中将配置有所述防腐蚀保护油的预合金化的所述基板加热至温度T2包括下列方法步骤：
-将所述基板加热至850℃至1000℃的温度范围T2，
-将所述基板保持在所述温度范围T2内，并且
-将所述基板冷却至550℃至750℃的温度范围T3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中加热至T2的步骤持续60至210秒。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其中保持在温度范围T2的步骤持续30至600秒。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其中以处于2至25K/s的范围内的冷却速率完成在所述预合金化后的冷却。
7.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在保护气氛下，完成加热至T2的步骤。
8.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述温度T1对应于550℃至780℃的温度范围。
9.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述组合物包含98.5-99.8wt.％的脂肪酸酯。
10.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述脂肪酸酯是C8-C16化合物。
11.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述组合物的硫含量处于0.1-2wt.％的范围内。
12.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述组合物的皂化值处于150-265mgKOH/g的范围内。
13.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中被涂覆到所述基板上的所述防腐蚀保护油的用量为0.5至2g/m2。
14.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述温度T2对应于880℃至930℃的温度范围。
15.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中将所述基板加热至880℃至930℃的温度范围T2。
16.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中将所述基板冷却至600℃至700℃的温度范围T3。
17.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中加热至T2的步骤根据板厚持续90至180秒。
18.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中保持在温度范围T2的步骤持续30至120秒。
19.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中以处于8至20K/s的范围内的冷却速率完成在所述预合金化后的冷却。
20.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述温度T1对应于600℃至700℃的温度范围。
21.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述脂肪酸酯是C11-C17化合物。
22.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述组合物的硫含量处于0.5-1wt.％的范围内。
23.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述组合物的皂化值处于165-195mg KOH/g的范围内。
24.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中被涂覆到所述基板上的所述防腐蚀保护油的用量为0.7-1.7g/m2。
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