CN109675553A - 一种银空心微球光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种银空心微球光催化剂的制备方法，属于光催化材料技术领域。本催化剂是以水果废弃物为原料制备的碳球作为硬模板，在其表面吸附银离子后经高温煅烧制成，包括以下步骤：将水果废弃物磨碎，加水高温提取糖分，将提取液水热碳化制备碳球。将制备的碳球在硝酸银溶液中浸泡吸附银离子，然后高温煅烧去除碳球制备银空心微球。本发明利用水果废弃物作为碳源，操作简单，成本低，制备的银空心微球比表面积大，反应活性高，在光催化污水处理、杀菌等方面前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种银空心微球光催化剂的制备方法，属于光催化材料技术领域。
背景技术
工业的发展导致环境污染越来越严重，特别是印染和医疗行业废水的排放造成水体的极大破坏，对人们的身体健康造成严重危害。光催化分解水中有机污染物是一种先进氧化技术，能够将有毒的有机染料矿化分解为二氧化碳等对环境无害的无机物，引起人们的广泛关注。ZnO、TiO2等半导体粒子具有高稳定性和反应活性，是光催化分解水体污染物领域的主要催化剂，然而其宽能带间隙造成太阳光吸收率低，光催化效率难以满足市场需求。银纳米粒子具有等离子共振效应，可以有效提升太阳光在可见光区的吸收，同时光电导性能好，在光催化分解水体污染物和杀菌方面具有显著的功效。
传统的银光催化剂是球形粒子，可通过紫外光还原、水热还原、溶液还原和电化学还原等方式制得，通过调控还原剂种类和浓度调节银粒子尺寸，提升光催化效率。球形银光催化剂的比表面积较小，有机染料和细菌吸附位点少，不利于光催化分解反应的发生。空心球形结构能够有效地增大比表面积，减少光催化用量，实现污染物在中空壳内外表面的快速降解。相比采用表面活性剂软模板制备的空心结构光催化剂，利用碳球作为硬模板制备的空心结构更加均匀、粒径稳定可控，碳球表面大量的羟基也有利于光催化剂的成核生长，是目前制备空心结构光催化剂广泛采用的技术手段。
水果废弃物中含有大量的葡萄糖、果糖等可溶性糖分，可替代葡萄糖试剂作为碳球的碳源，真正实现变废为宝。目前，利用水果废弃物制备碳球，并将其用作硬模板来制备光催化剂未见报道。本专利通过提取水果废弃物中可溶性糖分，经水热碳化合成的碳球作为硬模板和还原剂，制备空心结构的银粒子光催化剂。银空心微球催化剂具有巨大的比表面积和高效的太阳光吸收性能，在太阳光处理印染和医药废水方面具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用水果废弃物作为碳源，提取其中的糖分等可溶有机物并通过水热碳化合成碳球，将碳球作为硬模板和还原剂，经充分吸附银离子后高温煅烧制备银空心微球光催化剂，用于印染和医疗污水的光催化净化。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
（1）将水果废弃物收集清洗干净，取50~200 g果肉放置于榨汁机中，加入20~60毫升去离子水后将果肉磨碎，将打碎后的混合液置于水浴锅中，在80~100℃下保温3~10小时，然后过滤并离心收集糖分提取液。
（2）将含糖提取液加入到水热反应釜中，在160~250℃保温3~10小时制备碳球，待自然冷却后将样品用乙醇清洗三次，并在60℃干燥3小时。
（3）将0.1~1.0 g 碳球加入到0.5~5 mol/L硝酸银溶液中浸泡6~24小时，然后离心收集样品并在400~800℃高温煅烧4~10小时去除碳球，制备具有高效光催化活性的银空心微球光催化剂，实现其对有机染料和细菌的快速去除。
所述的水果废弃物为香蕉、梨、苹果等。
所述的有机染料为甲基橙、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝等。
所述的细菌为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等。
本发明提取水果废弃物中糖分等可溶有机物作为碳源，通过水热碳化合成粒径可控的纳米碳球作为硬模板和还原剂，在其表面充分吸附银离子，最后高温煅烧去除碳球，制备比表面积大、光催化活性高的银空心微球光催化剂，该工艺方法简单、操作简便，适用于工业化大规模生产，在印染废水和医疗废水治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）将香蕉废弃物收集清洗干净，取50 g果肉置于榨汁机中，加入20毫升去离子水后将果肉磨碎，将混合液置于水浴锅中，在80℃下保温3小时，然后过滤并离心收集糖分提取液。
（2）将含糖提取液加入到水热反应釜中，在160℃保温3小时制备碳球，待自然冷却后将样品用乙醇清洗三次，并在60℃干燥3小时。
（3）将0.1 g 碳球加入到0.5 mol/L硝酸银溶液中浸泡6小时，然后离心收集样品并在400℃高温煅烧4小时去除碳球，制备具有高效光催化活性的银空心微球光催化剂，实现其对甲基橙染料和大肠杆菌的快速去除。
实施例2
（1）将梨废弃物收集清洗干净，取100 g果肉放置于榨汁机中，加入40毫升去离子水后将果肉磨碎，将混合液置于水浴锅中，在90℃下保温6小时，然后过滤并离心收集糖分提取液。
（2）将含糖提取液加入到水热反应釜中，在200℃保温6小时制备碳球，待自然冷却后将样品用乙醇清洗三次，并在60℃干燥3小时。
（3）将0.5 g 碳球加入到2 mol/L硝酸银溶液中浸泡12小时，然后离心收集样品并在600℃高温煅烧8小时去除碳球，制备具有高效光催化活性的银空心微球光催化剂，实现其对罗丹明B染料和金黄色葡萄球菌的快速去除。
实施例3
（1）将苹果废弃物收集清洗干净，取200 g果肉置于榨汁机中，加入60毫升去离子水后将果肉磨碎，将混合液置于水浴锅中，在100℃下保温10小时，然后过滤并离心收集糖分提取液。
（2）将含糖提取液加入到水热反应釜中，在250℃保温10小时制备碳球，待自然冷却后将样品用乙醇清洗三次，并在60℃干燥3小时。
（3）将1.0 g 碳球加入到5 mol/L硝酸银溶液中浸泡24小时，然后离心收集样品并在800℃高温煅烧10小时去除碳球，制备具有高效光催化活性的银空心微球光催化剂，实现其对亚甲基蓝染料和沙门氏菌的快速去除。
Claims (6)
1.本发明的特征是以水果废弃物作为碳源，磨碎后水浴加热提取糖分等可溶有机物，经水热碳化后离心收集碳球粉末，将碳球加入硝酸银溶液浸泡，然后离心收集样品并高温煅烧制备银空心微球光催化剂，该材料具有优良的光催化污水处理和杀菌效率。
2.权利要求1所述的水果废弃物为香蕉、梨、苹果等，作为碳球的碳源。
3.权利要求1所述的糖分等可溶有机物水浴提取温度为80~100℃，保温时间为3~10小时。
4.权利要求1所述的水热碳化温度为160~250℃，水热碳化时间为3~10小时。
5.权利要求1所述的硝酸银浓度0.5~5 mol/L，浸泡时间为6~24小时。
6.权利要求1所述的煅烧温度为400~800℃，恒温时间为4~10小时，升温速率为2~8℃/min。
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