CN109647513B - 一种木质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种木质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于改性酚醛材料领域,主要涉及木质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法。取适量苯酚和木质素加到乙醇水溶液里,后加入甲醛和催化剂,反应一段时间后转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中固化,结束后离心得到木质素酚醛纳米球。将木质素酚醛纳米球加到银氨溶液里,常温下搅拌后离心得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。本发明采用水热法制备的木质素酚醛纳米球表面原位还原纳米银,催化还原有机染料或污染物,多次循环仍然表现出较高的催化活性。木质素的加入能够降低微球粒径从微米级到纳米级,且能够作为纳米银颗粒的稳定剂和还原剂,可以提高纳米银的负载量且分散在木质素酚醛纳米球表面,从而提高复合催化剂的稳定性和催化能力。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属于改性酚醛材料领域,主要涉及木质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法。
【背景技术】
贵金属纳米粒子由于小尺寸效应、表面效应等在生物、催化、光电学、医药学等诸多领域表现出优异的性能。但是贵金属纳米粒子由于尺寸小,自身有降低表面能的趋势极易团聚,且不能通过离心获得。贵金属纳米粒子的稳定分散是纳米材料的重要难题,常用的稳定剂可分为固态和液态两大类,其中固体稳定剂负载贵金属纳米粒子具有易分离、可回收利用的优点。
近年来,以聚合物为载体的贵金属复合微纳米结构材料引起了人们极大的关注。聚合物具有高的化学稳定性、高的热稳定性、有一定的机械强度。聚合物载体负载贵金属纳米粒子制备的纳米复合材料不仅具有纳米粒子和聚合物固有特性,而且合成的纳米复合材料具有高折射率、高导电性等优良性能,具有广阔的发展前景。酚醛树脂(PF)是酚类与醛类化合物在酸性或碱性催化剂作用下缩聚而成的一类高分子聚合物,具有优异的耐火性、耐热性及良好的化学稳定性,在国防、工业、建筑、交通等领域中占有重要位置。酚醛树脂因其较强的耐水耐候性和较高的胶合强度等优点被广泛用于户外各类加工类板材的生产,然而传统的酚醛树脂其原料属于不可再生能源、生产能耗大、产品成本高、生物毒性较大。近年来,伴随着人们对石油化学品及其高分子材料产品而引起的环境污染日益重视,寻求可再生的天然高分子作为制备合成树脂的原料已经成为现代高分子领域绿色化发展的重要趋势。
生物质资源中,木质素是广泛存在于植物细胞壁中的一种天然高分子,它是自然界中储量仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生资源。目前木质素利用率低,绝大多数被燃烧,不仅给自然生态环境造成污染,还造成天然木质资源的浪费。木质素的合理、高效利用,对环境和经济都有着重要的意义。木质素价格低廉、可再生、无毒、来源丰富,含有酚羟基、醛基等官能团,可以部分替代苯酚或者甲醛用于合成酚醛树脂。木质素代替部分苯酚合成木质素酚醛树脂,既可以平衡总生产成本,又可以达到废弃物利用的目的,还能有效降低酚醛树脂中的毒性成分,克服对石油基树脂的过度依赖。
本发明先以苯酚,木质素,甲醛为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,通过采用水热法制备木质素酚醛纳米球。在制备木质素酚醛纳米球过程中无需加入任何固化剂,通过高温固化反应形成稳定共价键。制备的木质素酚醛纳米球不仅尺寸均一,且固化后的微纳米球耐酸耐碱,能很好地分散在水,乙醇,丙酮中。木质素酚醛纳米球可以作为载体负载纳米银制备复合催化材料,不需加入任何还原剂。木质素的加入能够降低酚醛微球粒径从微米级到纳米级,且加入的木质素能够作为纳米银颗粒的稳定剂和还原剂,提高木质素酚醛纳米球表面纳米银的负载量并很好地分散在纳米球表面,因此提高复合催化剂的稳定性和催化能力。
【发明内容】
本发明的主要目的是通过水热法在碱性条件下合成木质素酚醛纳米球。该工艺可以形成结构规则尺寸均一的纳米球,在纳米球表面通过原位还原纳米银,可以作为复合催化剂催化还原废水中的有机染料或污染物。
本发明的主要步骤如下:
(1)制备木质素酚醛纳米球:取0.2g木质素和苯酚(不同比例)加入到装有20mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1-0.2mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.2~0.4mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60~65℃的温度下充分搅拌50-80min,调节温度至90~95℃继续反应40~60min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,100℃~150℃恒温反应6~12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
(2)制备木质素酚醛纳米球负载纳米银:取上述木质素酚醛纳米球50~100mg,加入到20~50mL的2.5~10mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌4~6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
本发明采用水热法制备尺寸均一的木质素酚醛纳米球,固化后的木质素纳米球耐酸耐碱,能很好地分散在水,乙醇,丙酮中。该纳米球可以作为贵金属载体,应用于催化领域,负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球可以催化还原有机染料或污染物,可以循环多次重复利用。本发明的创新之处在于木质素的加入能够降低酚醛树脂微球粒径从微米级到纳米级,且能够作为纳米银颗粒的稳定剂和还原剂,可以提高纳米银的负载量并很好地分散在木质素酚醛纳米球表面,从而提高复合催化剂的稳定性和催化能力。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
取0.16g苯酚和0.04g木质素,加入到装有20mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60℃的温度下充分搅拌50min,调节温度至95℃继续反应40min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,100℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到20mL的5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌4h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例2
取0.12g苯酚和0.08g木质素,加入到装有12mL蒸馏水和16mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在65℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至90℃继续反应30min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,120℃恒温反应6h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球100mg,加入到40mL的2.5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌5h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例3
取0.14g苯酚和0.06g木质素,加入到装有24mL蒸馏水和4mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.15mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.4mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60℃的温度下充分搅拌50min,调节温度至95℃继续反应45min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,120℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到40mL的10mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌5h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例4
取0.18g苯酚和0.02g木质素,加入到装有28mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在65℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至90℃继续反应45min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,130℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到30mL的5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例5
取0.12g苯酚和0.08g木质素,加入到装有24mL蒸馏水和4mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至95℃继续反应40min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,120℃恒温反应8h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到40mL的2.5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例6
取0.18g苯酚和0.02g木质素,加入到装有20mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在65℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至90℃继续反应45min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,130℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到30mL的5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例7
取0.12g苯酚和0.08g木质素,加入到装有24mL蒸馏水和4mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在65℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至95℃继续反应40min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,120℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球50mg,加入到20mL的5mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
实施例8
取0.18g苯酚和0.02g木质素,加入到装有20mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.3mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60℃的温度下充分搅拌60min,调节温度至95℃继续反应30min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,100℃恒温反应12h。反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球。
取木质素酚醛纳米球100mg,加入到40mL的10mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
Claims (3)
1.一种木质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法,所述的方法包括下列步骤:
a)制备木质素酚醛纳米球:取0.2g不同比例的木质素和苯酚加入到装有20mL蒸馏水和8mL乙醇的三口烧瓶中混合,量取0.1~0.2mL的5mol/L NaOH溶液,0.2~0.4mL 37%的甲醛溶液,加入到三口烧瓶中,在60~65℃的温度下充分搅拌50~80min,调节温度至90~95℃继续反应40~60min,转移到100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,100℃~150℃恒温反应12h,反应结束后降至室温,高速离心后分别用无水乙醇和蒸馏水清洗三次,然后在80℃烘干,获得木质素酚醛纳米球;
b)制备木质素酚醛纳米球负载纳米银:取上述木质素酚醛纳米球50~100mg,加入到20~50mL的2.5~10mg/mL的银氨溶液中室温下搅拌4~6h,离心洗涤烘干得到负载纳米银的木质素酚醛纳米球。
2.按权利要求1所述的一种木 质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的木质素为碱木质素,硫酸盐木质素和有机溶剂木质素的一种。
3.按权利要求1所述的一种木 质素改性酚醛树脂纳米球负载纳米银的制备方法,其特征在于:木质素的替代率为0~50%。
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