CN109645012B - Medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
- A01N43/52—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bactericides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bactericides, and particularly relates to a medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The ring spot of the apple comprises two harmful symptoms of stem ring spot and fruit ring spot. The ring spot of the branch is that after ring spot germ invades the skin hole of apple branch, a small protruded tumor is formed on the skin hole, the small protruded tumor expands in the second year and becomes a tumor in the third year generally, the diameter of the tumor is 0.3-3 cm, and cracks and peeling are generated around the tumor on the branch in three or four years. When the proper climate is met, scattered black small-sized spots (conidiophores) appear around the central bulge, and the spores emitting germs start to be infected again. When the occurrence of pomegranate-shaped lesions is severe on the trunk and branches, the diseased part is rough in bark and rough in bark, which is called rough bark disease. The germ conidiophore in the overwintering branch and trunk neoplastic dermatosis has the capability of continuously producing spores, and is a main source for infecting fruit germs. Therefore, once infected, the disease slightly attacks the apple fruits and branches, weakens the tree vigor, causes the yield and the fruit quality to be reduced, and can lead to the reduction of yield and even destroy the whole apple orchard in severe cases. The total incidence rate of apple ring spot in China is up to more than 70%, Fushi and golden crown apples are particularly seriously damaged, the yield is reduced by about 30%, the rotten fruit rate is up to 40-60% in high-temperature rainy seasons, and the harmfulness is very serious.
The ring rot pathogen overwinter on the damaged branch with hypha, conidiophore and ascocarp. The hyphae can survive for 4-5 years in the diseased tissue of the branches and trunks, and spores are generated between 4-6 months per year, so that the hyphae become a primary infection source. More spores are emitted in 7-8 months; the capability of producing spores in the first three years of disease is strong, and the capability is gradually weakened later. Conidia mainly spread with rainwater splashing, and the range is generally not more than 10 meters. The germs can infect young fruits about 10 days after flower falling. The infection amount is the largest in 4-7 months, the spore germination amount is reduced after 7 months, meanwhile, the fruits are not easy to infect, and the infection rate is low. Spore germination invades fruits and branches through the skin (fruit points), and infection can be completed within 24 hours.
At present, the ring rot is mainly prevented and treated by chemical bactericides in production, the bactericides such as mancozeb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, captafol and the like are common medicaments for preventing and treating the ring rot, the problems of drug resistance and sensitivity reduction can occur when the medicaments are used for preventing and treating the ring rot of apples for a long time, the medicaments are easy to remain, and the remaining pesticides can harm the health of human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a drug for preventing and treating apple ring rot, a preparation method and applications thereof, wherein the prepared drug is specially used for preventing and treating apple ring rot, and has the advantages of good drug effect, long drug effect time and slow drug resistance generation.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot comprises a gel skeleton and modified chitosan, wherein the modified chitosan is formed by modifying chitosan grafted with an imidazole compound by formic acid, and the raw materials of the gel skeleton comprise guar gum, cellulose acrylate and carbopol.
Further, the molecular weight of the chitosan is 6000-9000, and the deacetylation degree is 80-90%.
Furthermore, the imidazole compound is 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, and the mass ratio of the chitosan to the 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole is 1 (0.2-0.5).
Further, the concentration of formic acid was 45 wt%.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a colloidal solution: dissolving 30-50 parts by weight of guar gum in 35 wt% ethanol solution, adding 30-40 parts by weight of cellulose acrylate, 10-15 parts by weight of mannitol and 10-13 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, heating in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7, stirring for 1-2h, and heating in a water bath to 65-75 ℃ to obtain a colloidal solution;
preparing gel: uniformly mixing the colloidal solution and 15-25 parts by weight of ammonia-free natural latex, heating to 70-80 ℃, adding 10-15 parts by weight of polyethylene and 1-3 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, stirring at the speed of 200-300rpm for 30-40min, then adding 50-70 parts by weight of guar gum and 40-60 parts by weight of carbopol, adjusting the pH value of the system to be 6, and stirring for 1-2h to obtain gel;
preparation of a medicament: ventilating the gel at an air flow rate of 25L/min, stirring at 3000rpm of 2000-3000rpm for 20-30min, adding 40-80 parts by weight of modified chitosan, stirring for 2-3h, taking out, microwave drying at 60-70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain the final product.
Further, the preparation steps of the modified chitosan are as follows:
adding chitosan into 2% acetic acid solution to prepare 2-3 wt% chitosan solution, adding 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, dripping mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid under nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to 50 ℃, adding ammonium ceric nitrate, stirring and reacting for 10-12h, adding formic acid, ethylene glycol, ethanol and deionized water, heating to 70-80 ℃, refluxing for 18-24h, cooling to room temperature, filtering, cleaning, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain powdered modified chitosan.
Further, in the preparation step of the modified chitosan, the mixed solution is prepared by mixing 2 wt% of nitric acid and 3 wt% of hydrochloric acid according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
Further, in the preparation step of the modified chitosan, the volume ratio of formic acid to glycol is 1: 0.3.
Further, the medicament is mixed with water according to the volume ratio of 1:5, stirred into gel and then smeared on a disease place where the tumor is scraped.
The invention discloses a medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot, a preparation method and application thereof, and the medicament has the following beneficial effects:
1. the gel skeleton has viscosity, can be adhered to a tree trunk, can be remained in a disease place for a long time, prolongs the drug effect, has a slow release effect, can achieve the purpose of controlling and preventing apple ring rot for a long time by compounding with the modified chitosan, and can improve the control efficiency to more than 90%.
2. The chitosan has natural antibacterial activity, can induce plants to generate substances such as chitosanase, phytoalexin, lignin, peroxidase and the like, protects the plants from being damaged by pathogenic bacteria, and can be used as a soil conditioner.
3. After chitosan is grafted with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, the chitosan has better sterilization effect, quicker sterilization and longer pesticide effect time, and is more suitable for apple trees with serious ring spot. And because of grafting with chitosan, a substance similar to the derivative is formed, the toxicity is reduced, the irritation is reduced, and the chitosan derivative is safer.
4. Chitosan has more free amino and can accelerate to carry out the grafting with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, and the deacetylation degree is bigger, is more difficult to be dissolved in water, in order to improve the solubility, need modify grafting back chitosan, utilizes formic acid to esterify chitosan's hydroxyl, improves the solubility of modified back chitosan, when preventing and treating apple ring spot, changes water-soluble more, prepares into liquid, does benefit to and sprays on sick plant.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
example 1: preparing modified chitosan by the following steps:
adding 80g of chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 80% and the molecular weight of 6000 into 300ml of 2% acetic acid solution, wherein the higher the deacetylation degree of the chitosan, the more free amino groups are, and the less easy the chitosan is to dissolve, so that the acetic acid solution needs to be added, the chitosan is dissolved in the acetic acid solution to form 2 wt% of the chitosan solution, adding 16g of 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole at normal temperature, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, wherein the 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole belongs to imidazole compounds, the strong sterilization effect is achieved, the chitosan is dissolved in hot water, after the 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole is completely dissolved, the heating is stopped, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, 2 wt% of nitric acid and 3 wt% of hydrochloric acid are dropped according to the volume of 1:1, cooling to 50 ℃, adding 0.5g of ammonium ceric nitrate initiator, stirring at the speed of 200r/min at 50 ℃ for 10 hours, taking 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole as a ligand, dehydrogenating amino of chitosan under the action of acidic conditions and the initiator, grafting with 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole, adding 90ml of 45 wt% formic acid, 27ml of ethylene glycol, 50ml of ethanol and 100ml of deionized water, heating to 70 ℃, refluxing for 18 hours, wherein the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is high and the chitosan is insoluble in water, modifying the chitosan grafted with imidazole by using formic acid, carrying out esterification reaction on hydroxyl on the chitosan and formic acid, improving the solubility, stopping the reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering the product, washing with deionized water, and drying at the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain the medicament.
The chitosan can be used as a plant growth regulator to promote plant growth, can also be used as a natural bacteriostatic agent to directly inhibit plant pathogenic microorganisms, induce plants to generate broad-spectrum resistance and enhance the self-defense capability of the plants, and has good resistance as a natural antibacterial substance, no pollution to the environment and slow sterilization effect. The imidazole compound is a common plant bactericide, but has strong toxicity, and if a large amount of the imidazole compound is used, residues can cause pollution and harm, so in order to enhance the antibacterial property of the medicament, chitosan is modified to graft chitosan on imidazole, and the aims of good antibacterial effect, good resistance and quick medicament effect are fulfilled. The chitosan has high deacetylation degree and poor solubility, the modified chitosan has improved solubility, and the modified chitosan is more suitable for sterilizing apple ring rot.
Example 2: preparing modified chitosan:
adding 60g of chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 90% and the molecular weight of 7000 into 250ml of 2% acetic acid solution, preparing 3 wt% chitosan solution, adding 30g of 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole at normal temperature, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, stopping heating after the 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole is completely dissolved, and dropping 2 wt% nitric acid and 3 wt% hydrochloric acid under the nitrogen atmosphere according to the volume of 1:1, cooling to 50 ℃, adding 0.3g of ammonium ceric nitrate initiator, stirring at 50 ℃ at the speed of 200r/min for reaction for 11 hours, then adding 70ml of 45 wt% formic acid, 21ml of ethylene glycol, 50ml of ethanol and 100ml of deionized water, heating to 80 ℃, refluxing for 24 hours, stopping the reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering the product, washing with deionized water, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the medicament.
Example 3: preparing modified chitosan:
adding 100g of chitosan with deacetylation degree of 85% and molecular weight of 6000 into 350ml of 2% acetic acid solution, preparing 3 wt% chitosan solution, adding 30g of 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole at normal temperature, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, stopping heating after the 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole is completely dissolved, and dropping 2 wt% nitric acid and 3 wt% hydrochloric acid under nitrogen atmosphere according to the volume of 1:1, cooling to 50 ℃, adding 0.5g of ammonium ceric nitrate initiator, stirring at 50 ℃ at the speed of 200r/min for reaction for 11 hours, then adding 100ml of 45 wt% formic acid, 30ml of ethylene glycol, 50ml of ethanol and 100ml of deionized water, heating to 75 ℃, refluxing for 20 hours, stopping the reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering the product, washing with deionized water, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the medicament.
Example 4: preparation and application of a medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot are as follows:
preparing a colloidal solution: dissolving 30g of guar gum in 300ml of 35 wt% ethanol solution, adding 30g of cellulose acrylate, 10g of mannitol and 12g of magnesium stearate, uniformly stirring, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7, stirring at the speed of 200rpm for 1h, and then continuously heating in the water bath to 65 ℃ to obtain a colloidal solution;
preparing gel: uniformly mixing a colloidal solution and 15g of ammonia-free natural latex, heating to 70 ℃, adding 10g of polyethylene and 1g of cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde, stirring at the speed of 200rpm for 35min, then adding 50g of guar gum and 40g of carbopol, adjusting the pH value of the system to be 6, and stirring for 1h to obtain gel;
preparation of a medicament: air was blown into the gel at an air flow rate of 25L/min while stirring at 2000rpm for 30min, 40g of the modified chitosan prepared in example 1 was added, stirred for 2h, taken out, microwave-dried at 60 ℃ and pulverized to obtain a pharmaceutical preparation.
The ring spot of apple tree often appears on the trunk, scrapes the disease tumour back, adds water with the medicament that this embodiment prepared and stirs into the gel, paints the disease department that has scraped the disease tumour, prevents and treats the ring spot. The gel skeleton has viscosity after absorbing water, can be adhered to a disease part to continuously prevent the ring spot, and has a certain slow release function, so that the drug effect can be prolonged.
Guar gum and cellulose acrylate are subjected to graft polymerization, so that the storage time of the medicament is prolonged, and the medicament effect is prolonged. Mixing the gel and the modified chitosan under the condition of ventilation, stirring at a high speed, forming a plurality of compact small bubbles in the gel, attaching the modified chitosan to the inside of the bubbles, drying by microwave, gradually breaking the bubbles, and dehydrating the gel to form a gel framework. Because the modified chitosan is easy to separate from the gel in the stirring process, the pH value of the adjusting system is more than 5, when the pH value is 6, the carboxylic acid group of the carbopol is high in ionization degree and is charged with negative charges, while the modified chitosan is charged with positive charges under the weak acid condition, and under the stirring condition, the modified chitosan and the gel are mutually attracted to bond together and are not easy to fall off. The ammonia-free natural rubber and polyethylene added into the gel belong to organic polymer materials, so that the chemical stability of the gel can be improved, the strength of the gel is increased, the gel is rain-wash resistant, and the gel has long action time after being smeared on apple tree diseases.
Example 5: preparation and application of a medicament for preventing and treating apple ring spot are as follows:
preparing a colloidal solution: dissolving 50g of guar gum in 600ml of 35 wt% ethanol solution, adding 40g of cellulose acrylate, 15g of mannitol and 13g of magnesium stearate, uniformly stirring, heating in a water bath to 60 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7, stirring at the speed of 200rpm for 2h, and then continuously heating in the water bath to 75 ℃ to obtain a colloidal solution;
preparing gel: uniformly mixing a colloidal solution and 25g of ammonia-free natural latex, heating to 80 ℃, adding 15g of polyethylene and 3g of cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde, stirring at the speed of 300rpm for 40min, then adding 70g of guar gum and 60g of carbopol, adjusting the pH value of the system to be 6, and stirring for 2h to obtain gel;
preparation of a medicament: introducing air into the gel at an air flow rate of 25L/min, stirring at 3000rpm for 30min, adding 80g of the modified chitosan prepared in example 2, stirring for 3h, taking out, microwave drying at 70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain the final product.
The ring spot of apple tree often appears on the trunk, scrapes the disease tumour back, adds water with the medicament that this embodiment prepared and stirs into the gel, paints the disease department that has scraped the disease tumour, prevents and treats the ring spot.
Prevention and treatment experiment of apple ring rot:
the experimental subject is an apple red Fuji variety, the tree age is about 12 years, the plant row spacing is 3 multiplied by 4m, the tree height is about 2.3m, the tree vigor is moderate, the soil is laterite, and the fertility is moderate;
the experimental agents are the agents prepared in the example 4(A) and the example 5(B), and 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder (C), 70% mancozeb wettable powder (D) and a blank control group (E);
5 treatment areas are set in the experiment, 7 trees are selected in each treatment area for the experiment, the medicament obtained in example 4 and example 5 and water are prepared into gel according to the volume ratio of 1:5, the gel is smeared on a disease part where disease tumors are scraped, about 2g of medicament A is smeared on each part, about 3g of medicament B is smeared on each part, and the experiment is repeated for 2 times; C. d, diluting the solution into 1000 times of solution, spraying the solution on the disease site where the disease tumor is scraped, wherein the dosage of the solution and the drug is 4L per plant, and repeating the steps for 2 times;
the first time is applied in the first rainfall in month 4, and the second time is applied in the last ten days of month 6;
picking apples in an apple picking period, recording the total number of fruits and the number of diseased fruits in each treatment area, randomly picking 50 non-diseased fruits in four directions of south, east, west and north of each treatment area, wherein the number of the diseased fruits is 200, storing the fruits at normal temperature for 15 days, investigating the number of the diseased fruits, calculating the disease fruit rate and the control effect, and the obtained data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The control effect is (control area fruit disease rate-treatment area fruit disease rate)/control area fruit disease rate is multiplied by 100 percent
As can be seen from table 1, the ring spot of the apple fruit is reduced by preventing and treating the germs on the disease tumors of the branches and the stems, the prevention and treatment effects of the agents prepared in the examples 4(a) and 5(B) on the ring spot of the apple are good, the prevention and treatment effect in the harvesting period reaches 100%, the prevention and treatment effect in the storage period reaches more than 90%, the 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder (C) and the 70% mancozeb wettable powder (D) also have certain prevention and treatment effects on the ring spot of the apple, but the drug effects of the agents prepared in the examples 4 and 5 are obvious or extremely superior to those of C, D; the drugs prepared in example 4 and example 5 have the same efficacy, but do not have a great difference in efficacy. The medicament prepared by the invention has good efficacy, long efficacy time and slow drug resistance generation.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (7)
1. The agent for preventing and treating apple ring spot is characterized by comprising a gel framework and modified chitosan, wherein the modified chitosan is formed by modifying chitosan grafted imidazole compounds with formic acid, the gel framework comprises guar gum, cellulose acrylate and carbopol as raw materials, the imidazole compounds are 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, and the mass ratio of the chitosan to the 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole is 1 (0.2-0.5);
the preparation steps of the modified chitosan are as follows:
adding chitosan into 2% acetic acid solution to prepare 2-3 wt% chitosan solution, adding 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, dripping mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid under nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to 50 ℃, adding ammonium ceric nitrate, stirring and reacting for 10-12h, adding formic acid, ethylene glycol, ethanol and deionized water, heating to 70-80 ℃, refluxing for 18-24h, cooling to room temperature, filtering, cleaning, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain powdered modified chitosan;
the preparation method of the medicament comprises the following steps:
preparing a colloidal solution: dissolving 30-50 parts by weight of guar gum in 35 wt% ethanol solution, adding 30-40 parts by weight of cellulose acrylate, 10-15 parts by weight of mannitol and 10-13 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, heating in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7, stirring for 1-2h, and heating in a water bath to 65-75 ℃ to obtain a colloidal solution;
preparing gel: uniformly mixing the colloidal solution and 15-25 parts by weight of ammonia-free natural latex, heating to 70-80 ℃, adding 10-15 parts by weight of polyethylene and 1-3 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, stirring at the speed of 200-300rpm for 30-40min, then adding 50-70 parts by weight of guar gum and 40-60 parts by weight of carbopol, adjusting the pH value of the system to be 6, and stirring for 1-2h to obtain gel;
preparation of a medicament: ventilating the gel at an air flow rate of 25L/min, stirring at 3000rpm of 2000-3000rpm for 20-30min, adding 40-80 parts by weight of modified chitosan, stirring for 2-3h, taking out, microwave drying at 60-70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain the final product.
2. The agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chitosan has a molecular weight of 6000-9000 and a degree of deacetylation of 80-90%.
3. The agent for controlling apple ring spot according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of formic acid is 45 wt%.
4. The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating apple ring spot as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the agent is as follows:
preparing a colloidal solution: dissolving 30-50 parts by weight of guar gum in 35 wt% ethanol solution, adding 30-40 parts by weight of cellulose acrylate, 10-15 parts by weight of mannitol and 10-13 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, heating in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to 7, stirring for 1-2h, and heating in a water bath to 65-75 ℃ to obtain a colloidal solution;
preparing gel: uniformly mixing the colloidal solution and 15-25 parts by weight of ammonia-free natural latex, heating to 70-80 ℃, adding 10-15 parts by weight of polyethylene and 1-3 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, stirring at the speed of 200-300rpm for 30-40min, then adding 50-70 parts by weight of guar gum and 40-60 parts by weight of carbopol, adjusting the pH value of the system to be 6, and stirring for 1-2h to obtain gel;
preparation of a medicament: ventilating the gel at an air flow rate of 25L/min, stirring at 3000rpm of 2000-3000rpm for 20-30min, adding 40-80 parts by weight of modified chitosan, stirring for 2-3h, taking out, microwave drying at 60-70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain the final product.
5. The method for preparing the agent for preventing and treating the apple ring spot as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step of preparing the modified chitosan, the mixed solution is prepared by mixing 2 wt% of nitric acid and 3 wt% of hydrochloric acid according to a volume ratio of 1: 1.
6. The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating apple ring spot as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the preparation step of the modified chitosan, the volume ratio of formic acid to ethylene glycol is 1: 0.3.
7. The use method of the agent for preventing and treating the apple ring spot as claimed in claim 3, wherein the agent is mixed with water according to a volume ratio of 1:5, stirred into gel, and then applied to a disease part where a lesion is scraped.
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