CN107810950B - Method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose, which comprises the following steps: the invention adopts a comprehensive control method, can fundamentally reduce the quantity of colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the star anise field, reduce the degree of harm, control the generation and the propagation ways, and finally achieve the aim of comprehensively controlling the colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The method has the control effect on the aniseed anthracnose of over 90 percent, is far higher than the control effect of the conventional medicament, and has wide market popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pesticide prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling aniseed anthracnose.
Background
Aniseed (academic name:Illicium verumhook.f.) is a plant of the genus illicium, the family illicaceae. The star anise is a special economic tree species in south subtropical zone of China, is mainly distributed in Guangxi of China, has high economic value, is an important spice and seasoning, can be used as a medicine, is an important resource of traditional Chinese medicine, and is pungent and warm in nature; it enters liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians. In the growth process of the star anise, the star anise is easily damaged by diseases and insect pests, wherein the anthracnose of the star anise is an important disease damaging the star anise. According to the research, the aniseed anthracnose is prepared from the colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum coccodes(Wall) infection of Hughes, which causes the pathogenic bacteria to mainly damage leaves, twigs, flower stalks, fruit stalks and fruits. In recent years, due to the harm of anthracnose, one tree is infected and then infected to other trees in many places where anises are planted in Guangxi province, so that a large number of trees are formedTaking Guangxi Jinxiu county as an example, 500 mu of once high-yield illicium verum forest planted in more than 10 years in a certain county is killed and died in 2016 due to the harm of anthracnose, and farmers want to cry and lackly. So far, most reports about the control of aniseed anthracnose are simple chemical control methods, such as:
1. chinese patent No.: ZL 201510104987.6, the invention name is a compound for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose, and discloses a compound for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of garlic oil, 4-9 parts of zingerone, 2-5 parts of curdlan, 2-5 parts of baicalein, 2-5 parts of cinnamaldehyde, 2-4 parts of wormwood, 2-4 parts of oriental wormwood, 4-6 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 4-6 parts of asarum, 4-7 parts of centella asiatica, 4-7 parts of ginkgo seed coats, 3-8 parts of mancozeb and 1-3 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. The compound of the invention can quickly kill the anthrax germs and prevent the anthrax from happening in a certain time.
2. Chinese patent No.: ZL 201410827851.3, the invention name is a pesticide composition for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose pathogen, and discloses a pesticide composition for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose pathogen, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 to 500 portions of piemarker, 500 to 800 portions of golden thread and 200 to 500 portions of dullei grass. The pesticide composition for preventing and treating the aniseed anthracnose pathogen has a good prevention and treatment effect, and is suitable for large-scale popularization in fields.
3. Chinese patent No.: ZL 201610044054.7, the invention name is a botanical fungicide for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose and its preparation method, disclose a botanical fungicide for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose, its raw materials are made up of flavescent sophora root extract, ginkgo leaf extract, radix euphorbiae lantu extract, Tripterygium wilfordii extract, garland chrysanthemum extract, the weight share of each raw materials is: 10-15 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 8-10 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 8-10 parts of radix euphorbiae lantu extract, 8-12 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract and 15-20 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum extract.
Therefore, currently, the prevention and treatment of aniseed anthracnose are mostly medicament prevention and treatment, and with the improvement of the awareness of food safety of people, the research of botanical pesticides is also a popular subject. However, the occurrence, propagation, overwintering and overwintering of the anthracnose pathogen or spores of the aniseed are greatly influenced by natural conditions, and the control effect is difficult to achieve by controlling only through medicaments. By researching the biological characteristics of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides and spores and combining the growth rule of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the spores, a comprehensive control method is formulated, so that the quantity of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the field can be fundamentally reduced, the harm degree is reduced, and the generation and propagation ways are controlled, and finally the purpose of comprehensively controlling the colletotrichum gloeosporioides is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose, aiming at achieving the purpose of preventing and treating the aniseed anthracnose by effectively reducing the spore base number of anthracnose pathogen, controlling or cutting off the transmission path and effectively preventing and treating the occurrence and development of the anthracnose.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose comprises the following steps:
(1) seed sterilization: for newly planted star anise seedlings, seed sterilization treatment is carried out before seedling culture: using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, diluting with water by 500-800 times, uniformly mixing, naturally drying, and sowing. The main reason for the occurrence of aniseed anthracnose is that the seeds carry bacteria, and the anthracnose bacteria germinate, infect and spread under the conditions of proper moisture, temperature and humidity in the later-stage environment, so that the harm is caused. Therefore, firstly, the source is controlled, the aniseed seeds are sterilized, the pyraclostrobin has the functions of penetration, systemic absorption and health care nutrition, and the mancozeb has the protection function and can prevent and control the seeds from being infected by secondary germs.
(2) Under the condition of ensuring the sterile seeds, main factors of the planting environment, namely soil, are places which are easily damaged by the colletotrichum gloeosporioides, so that the soil treatment in the planting area is critical: and (3) newly planted star anise seedlings: mixing 20-50 kg of fine soil or soil particles with 25% pyraclostrobin butter, spreading the mixture into a planting area all over the field, and deeply turning over for more than 30 cm; or 1-2 kg of 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is used for flood irrigation in the whole field according to the dosage per mu before planting, and the field is deeply turned over for more than 30cm after being slightly dried; and (3) for the octree of more than 2 years, in 10-11 months, 20-50 kg of fine soil or soil particles which are uniformly mixed with 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil are scattered under each octree, the mixture is turned deeply for more than 30cm, and the soil is subjected to comprehensive sterilization treatment. The soil treatment is carried out once every two years, and the number of germs or spores can be controlled at a lower level.
(3) Before the rainy season of 2-3 months in the second year comes, spraying 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion on the star anise seedlings to achieve uniform and thorough spraying; applying the pesticide to the star anise trees for more than two years in an ultra-low volume by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and spraying 25% of prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid; spraying the mixture once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying the mixture for 3 times. The prochloraz is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and low-toxicity bactericide, has multiple functions of prevention, protection, treatment and the like, and is an imidazole broad-spectrum bactericide. Acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterol, has no systemic action and has excellent control effect on various diseases caused by ascomycetes and deuteromycetes. In the rainy season of 2-3 months in the next year, the pathogenic bacteria anthrax from aniseed anthracnose begin to occur, and prochloraz is used for comprehensively preventing and treating aniseed in the period, so that the effect of treating the just-occurring pathogenic bacteria is achieved. In the perennial star anise forest, the tree vigor is higher, the conventional spraying effect is poorer, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for applying the pesticide in the ultralow volume, the labor, the water and the pesticide are saved, the efficiency is high, and the aims of chemical prevention and treatment can be fulfilled in a shorter time.
(4) The cultivation and weeding are carried out in time in the outbreak period of the anthracnose of the aniseed, and the anthracnose spreading source is eliminated; and (3) pruning diseased leaves infected by anthracnose in time, and carrying out concentrated burning treatment on weeds. Weeds and barks are parasitism places for the anthrax pathogenic bacteria to live through the winter, so that the weeds and the barks are timely removed and destroyed in the outbreak period of the aniseed anthracnose, and diseased leaves of diseased branches are removed together when the diseased leaves are trimmed, so that an infection source is eliminated.
(5) After 9 months in the next year, 25 percent of pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25 percent of epoxiconazole suspending agent are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1, and then diluted by 200 times by adding water, and the diluted solution is coated on the aniseed bark by a brush. This operation was performed once a year. The aniseed bark is a main site parasitized by anthrax pathogenic bacteria spores, after the aniseed is harvested, the aniseed bark is timely coated with the pesticide to destroy the overwintering site, and the base number of the aniseed anthracnose pathogenic bacteria in the aniseed forest is further reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses the colletotrichum gloeosporioides of the aniseed anthracnose pathogenColletotrichum coccodesAccording to the occurrence and development rules of (Wall) Hughes in the aniseed forest, the aniseed seeds are controlled to carry bacteria, soil medicament treatment is carried out to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, prevention and treatment medicaments are used in the early period of pathogenic bacteria outbreak, the infection source is timely destroyed, the overwintering place is further treated by the medicaments, the base number of the aniseed anthracnose pathogens is effectively reduced, the infection source is controlled, the infection way is destroyed, and the aim of preventing and treating the aniseed anthracnose is finally achieved. The traditional control method only uses a large amount of medicines when the aniseed anthracnose breaks out, so that the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is increased rapidly, and the medicine effect is lower and lower; the use of a large amount of chemical pesticides also causes high potential safety hazard when the star anise is harvested, the star anise is used as an important traditional Chinese medicine and seasoning resource, and the problem of food safety cannot be ignored.
(2) The method for preventing and treating the aniseed anthracnose is combined with the planting rule of the aniseed, and the prevention and treatment effect can be achieved without adding extra labor, such as: for newly planted star anises, the seeds need to be disinfected or subjected to nutrition treatment, and medicaments are added into the seeds for treatment to achieve the aim of killing pathogenic bacteria; after the aniseed is harvested, soil disinfection treatment is completed simultaneously during fertilization by combining the fertilization rule of the aniseed, so that the quantity of anthracnose germs in the field can be greatly reduced; the drug for the aniseed anthracnose pathogen in the outbreak period is changed into the drug for preventing in advance according to the coming of rainy seasons, so that the effect is improved with half the effort compared with the drug for the aniseed anthracnose pathogen in the outbreak period, and the ideal prevention and treatment effect can be achieved; the aniseed barks treated by the medicament each year not only can destroy the places where the anthracnose pathogens live through the winter, but also can be added with components such as insect prevention, nutrition and the like to protect the aniseed from safely living through the winter. In a word, the occurrence of the anthracnose of the star anise can be effectively prevented and controlled by the comprehensive management of the star anise and a system prevention and control method, and the loss is reduced to the maximum limit. The schedule management flow of the star anise is fully combined in the whole prevention and treatment process, and the ideal effect can be achieved without adding extra labor.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose comprises the following steps:
(1) seed sterilization: for newly planted star anise seedlings, seed sterilization treatment is carried out before seedling culture: using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, diluting with water by 500 times, uniformly mixing, naturally drying, and sowing.
(2) Soil treatment: and (3) newly planted star anise seedlings: mixing 20kg of fine soil with 25% pyraclostrobin butter, spreading the mixture into a planting area in a whole field, and deeply turning over for more than 30 cm; or the pyraclostrobin missible oil with the dosage of 1kg25% per mu is used for flood irrigation in the whole field before planting, and the soil is deeply turned over for more than 30cm after being slightly dried; and (3) for the octree of more than 2 years, in 10-11 months, spreading 20kg of soil particles which are uniformly mixed with 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil under each octree, deeply turning for more than 30cm, and performing comprehensive soil sterilization treatment.
(3) And (3) pest control: before the rainy season of 2-3 months in the second year comes, spraying 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion on the star anise seedlings to achieve uniform and thorough spraying; applying the pesticide to the star anise trees for more than two years in an ultra-low volume by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and spraying 25% of prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid; spraying the mixture once every 7 days, and continuously spraying the mixture for 3 times.
(4) Weeding and trimming: the cultivation and weeding are carried out in time in the outbreak period of the anthracnose of the aniseed, and the anthracnose spreading source is eliminated; and (3) pruning diseased leaves infected by anthracnose in time, and carrying out concentrated burning treatment on weeds.
(5) Treating the trunk: after 9 months in the next year, 25 percent of pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25 percent of epoxiconazole suspending agent are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1, and then diluted by 200 times by adding water, and the diluted solution is coated on the aniseed bark by a brush.
The 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil used in the steps is purchased from basf ltd, the trade name is 'karun', the 80% mancozeb wettable powder is purchased from du pont chemical group (china) limited, the trade name is 'Dasheng', the 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion is purchased from Shandong Zhongnong combined biotechnology limited, the trade name is 'Ku Tao', the 25% prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid is purchased from Guangxi county biochemical company limited, the 25% epoxiconazole suspending agent is purchased from Shandong Zhongnong combined biotechnology limited, and the trade name is 'Migao Gao'. According to the steps, the final statistical analysis shows that the incidence rate of the aniseed anthracnose is 1.3%, and the control plot only uses prochloraz to prevent and control in the outbreak period of 4-6 months, the control is carried out once in 3 days for 7 times in total, the occurrence of the aniseed anthracnose cannot be effectively controlled, and the incidence rate of the aniseed anthracnose in the control plot is up to 29%, so that the serious yield reduction is caused.
Example 2
A method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose comprises the following steps:
(1) seed sterilization: for newly planted star anise seedlings, seed sterilization treatment is carried out before seedling culture: using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, diluting with water by 600 times, uniformly mixing, naturally drying, and sowing.
(2) Soil treatment: and (3) newly planted star anise seedlings: mixing 50kg of soil particles with 25% pyraclostrobin butter, spreading the mixture into a planting area in a whole field, and deeply turning over for more than 30 cm; or 2kg of 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is used for flood irrigation in the whole field according to the dosage per mu before planting, and the soil is deeply turned over for more than 30cm after being slightly dried; and (3) for the octree of more than 2 years, in 10-11 months, 50kg of fine soil which is uniformly mixed with 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is scattered under each octree, the mixture is turned deeply for more than 30cm, and the soil is subjected to comprehensive sterilization treatment.
(3) And (3) pest control: before the rainy season of 2-3 months in the second year comes, spraying 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion on the star anise seedlings to achieve uniform and thorough spraying; applying the pesticide to the star anise trees for more than two years in an ultra-low volume by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and spraying 25% of prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid; spraying the mixture once every 10 days, and continuously spraying the mixture for 3 times.
(4) Weeding and trimming: the cultivation and weeding are carried out in time in the outbreak period of the anthracnose of the aniseed, and the anthracnose spreading source is eliminated; and (3) pruning diseased leaves infected by anthracnose in time, and carrying out concentrated burning treatment on weeds.
(5) Treating the trunk: after 9 months in the next year, 25 percent of pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25 percent of epoxiconazole suspending agent are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1, and then diluted by 200 times by adding water, and the diluted solution is coated on the aniseed bark by a brush.
The source of the used medicament in the method is the same as that in example 1, the control field is alternately prevented and controlled by using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion, the pesticide is applied for 5 times in 5-8 months, the incidence rate of anise anthracnose still reaches 18.6%, and the incidence rate of the control method is 2.1%.
Example 3
A method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose comprises the following steps:
(1) seed sterilization: for newly planted star anise seedlings, seed sterilization treatment is carried out before seedling culture: using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, diluting with water by 600 times, uniformly mixing, naturally drying, and sowing.
(2) Soil treatment: and (3) newly planted star anise seedlings: mixing 40kg of fine soil or soil particles with 25% pyraclostrobin butter, spreading the mixture into a planting area in a whole field, and deeply turning over for more than 30 cm; or the pyraclostrobin missible oil with the dosage of 1.5kg25 percent is used for flood irrigation in the whole field before planting, and the soil is deeply turned over for more than 30cm after being slightly dried; and (3) spreading 25kg of fine soil or soil particles which are uniformly mixed with 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil under each octagonal tree in months of 10-11 for the octagonal trees with more than 2 years, deeply turning for more than 30cm, and performing comprehensive soil sterilization treatment.
(3) And (3) pest control: before the rainy season of 2-3 months in the second year comes, spraying 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion on the star anise seedlings to achieve uniform and thorough spraying; applying the pesticide to the star anise trees for more than two years in an ultra-low volume by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and spraying 25% of prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid; spraying the mixture once every 8 days, and continuously spraying the mixture for 3 times.
(4) Weeding and trimming: the cultivation and weeding are carried out in time in the outbreak period of the anthracnose of the aniseed, and the anthracnose spreading source is eliminated; and (3) pruning diseased leaves infected by anthracnose in time, and carrying out concentrated burning treatment on weeds.
(5) Treating the trunk: after 9 months in the next year, 25 percent of pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25 percent of epoxiconazole suspending agent are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1, and then diluted by 200 times by adding water, and the diluted solution is coated on the aniseed bark by a brush.
The source of the used medicament in the method is the same as that in example 1, the control field is alternately prevented and controlled by using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion, the pesticide is applied for 8 times in 4-8 months, the incidence rate of anise anthracnose still reaches 10.1%, and the incidence rate of the control method is 1.9%.
It can be seen that the conventional medicament has no ideal effect on the prevention and treatment of the aniseed anthracnose, because pathogenic bacteria have the characteristics of high propagation speed, easy influence of environmental conditions and the like, the prevention and treatment strategy mainly based on treatment has poor effect, and good effect can be achieved through comprehensive prevention and control.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preventing and treating aniseed anthracnose is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed sterilization: for newly planted star anise seedlings, seed sterilization treatment is carried out before seedling culture: using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil and 80% mancozeb wettable powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, diluting with water by 500-800 times, uniformly mixing, naturally drying, and sowing;
(2) soil treatment: mixing 20-50 kg of fine soil or soil particles with 25% pyraclostrobin emulsion oil for newly planted star anise seedlings, scattering the mixture into a planting area all over the field, and deeply turning over for more than 30 cm; or 1-2 kg of 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is used for flood irrigation in the whole field according to the dosage per mu before planting, and the field is deeply turned over for more than 30cm after being slightly dried; spreading 20-50 kg of fine soil or soil particles which are uniformly mixed with 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil under each octagonal tree in 10-11 months for the octagonal trees with more than 2 years, deeply turning for more than 30cm, and performing comprehensive soil sterilization treatment; the soil treatment is carried out every two years;
(3) and (3) pest control: before the rainy season of 2-3 months in the second year comes, spraying 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion on the star anise seedlings to achieve uniform and thorough spraying; applying the pesticide to the star anise trees for more than two years in an ultra-low volume by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and spraying 25% of prochloraz ultra-low volume liquid; spraying the mixture once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying the mixture for 3 times;
(4) weeding and trimming: the cultivation and weeding are carried out in time in the outbreak period of the anthracnose of the aniseed, and the anthracnose spreading source is eliminated; timely pruning diseased leaves infected by anthracnose and carrying out concentrated burning treatment on the diseased leaves and weeds;
(5) treating the trunk: after 9 months in the next year, 25 percent of pyraclostrobin missible oil and 25 percent of epoxiconazole suspending agent are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1, and then diluted by 200 times by adding water, and the diluted solution is coated on the aniseed bark by a brush.
2. The method for controlling aniseed anthracnose according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trunk treatment of step (5) is performed once a year.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN109220446A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-18 | 兴义市贵象绿化工程有限公司 | A kind of Bougainvillea spectabilis pest control method |
| CN114342718B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-03-21 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Comprehensive control method for gentiana rigescens anthracnose |
| CN114651822B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2024-02-13 | 赣南师范大学 | Composition, medicine and application thereof in preventing and controlling citrus anthracnose |
| CN114946486A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 广西燕谕环保科技有限责任公司 | Comprehensive prevention and control method for aniseed anthracnose |
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