CN109627062A - High organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for organic vegetable plantation - Google Patents
High organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for organic vegetable plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109627062A CN109627062A CN201910003300.8A CN201910003300A CN109627062A CN 109627062 A CN109627062 A CN 109627062A CN 201910003300 A CN201910003300 A CN 201910003300A CN 109627062 A CN109627062 A CN 109627062A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for organic vegetable plantation, include: S1, organic fertilizer raw material is provided, including cow dung, rice chaff and garden branch, garden branch is subjected to comminution pretreatment, and by treated, garden branch is mixed with cow dung and rice chaff, obtains mixed material；S2, the initial aqueous rate of mixed material is adjusted to 55~65%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20~35:1, and then inoculation aerobic fermentation bacterium carries out aerobic fermentation compost wherein.The preparation method passes through reasonable material proportion and efficient aerobic fermentation composting process, hence it is evident that shortens fermentation period, reduces the carbon element loss amount in composting process, improve the content of organic matter in composting production；It does not use organic chemistry product in composting process, reduces risk of environmental pollution；Used organic fertilizer raw material is from a wealth of sources, and manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.The content of the organic matter of obtained high organic fertilizer may be up to 90%, can effectively improve the quality and yield of the vegetables such as tomato and pakchoi.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for organic vegetable plantation, belong to organic fertilizer neck
Domain.
Background technique
China's chemical fertilizer, which is excessively used, brings the Varied problems such as agricultural environment pollution, cultivated land degradation, using organic fertilizer substitutionization
Fertilizer, it is intended to be increase soil fertility by reducing chemical fertilizer application, increase organic fertilizer, promote quality of agricultural product.Organic agriculture is
Must the Agriculture Production Modes of application of organic fertilizers material be forbidden to use genetic engineering using agroecological environment coordinated development as principle
The substances such as the biology and its product of acquisition, artificial synthesized chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator and feed addictive.According to phase
Shutting mechanism prediction, Chinese Organic Farming speed will remain in 20% or more, and development is organic for the height of organic vegetable plantation
Matter content organic fertilizer is the current main direction of studying of Organic fertilizer industry, because the organic fertilizer of high organic content can be effective
The content for improving the soil organism improves the physical property of soil, promotes the activity of microorganism and geobiont, promotes in soil
The decomposition of nutrient, improves the effect of the nutrient preserving capability and resiliency of soil, to promote the growth and development of plant.
However, existing composting process is relatively immature, causes quality of compost products poor, is mainly manifested in:
(1) the initial aqueous rate of mixed material is higher, causes the heating of compost initial stage more difficult；
(2) fermentation time is long, and the common strip style aerobic fermentation process period is 45-60 days；
(3) fermentation time length causes carbon loss vector larger；
(4) fermentation is insufficient causes the composting production content of organic matter lower；
(5) lack the fertilizer special for organic product for organic vegetable plantation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for organic vegetable plantation, should
The problems such as fermentation period that preparation method solves existing composting process is long, the content of organic matter is lower, obtained high organic
The content of organic matter of fertilizer is up to 90%.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of high organic for organic vegetable plantation
The preparation method of fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
S1, organic fertilizer raw material is provided, the organic fertilizer raw material includes cow dung, rice chaff and garden branch, by the gardens branch
Item carries out comminution pretreatment, and by treated, garden branch is mixed with the cow dung and rice chaff, obtains mixed material；
S2, the initial aqueous rate of the mixed material is adjusted to 55~65%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20~35:1, then described
It is inoculated with aerobic fermentation bacterium in mixed material and carries out aerobic fermentation process.
Further, in the mixed material, each weight ratio of constituents is cow dung: rice chaff: garden branch=4:3:3.
Further, during the comminution pretreatment, the grinding particle size of the garden branch is 0.1~2cm.
Further, in step S2, the initial aqueous rate for adjusting the mixed material is 60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1.
Further, which is characterized in that in step S2, the aerobic fermentation process is carried out using strip style composting technology,
Fermentation time is 25~30 days.
Further, during the aerobic fermentation process, progress turning processing in every 2~3 days carries out the turning altogether
Processing 3~4 times.
Further, in step S2, during the aerobic fermentation process, the heap body center temperature in 5~10 days is maintained
Degree is at 55~70 DEG C.
Further, in step S2, according to 0.1~0.5% inoculation aerobic fermentation bacterium of the mixed material fresh weight.
Further, the aerobic fermentation bacterium is VT microbial bacterial agent.
The preparation method institute for the high organic fertilizer for organic vegetable plantation that the present invention also provides a kind of according to
High organic fertilizer obtained.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the height for organic vegetable plantation of the invention is organic
Matter fertilizer and preparation method thereof is that main fermentation raw material, rice chaff and smashed garden branch are carried out as auxiliary material with cow dung
Aerobe fermentation passes through reasonable material proportion and efficient aerobic fermentation composting process, hence it is evident that shorten fermentation period, reduce heap
Carbon element loss amount during fertilizer, improves the content of organic matter in composting production, also, not using organic in composting process
Chemical products, it is environmentally friendly, meanwhile, organic fertilizer raw material used by preparation method of the invention is from a wealth of sources, can be significantly
It reduces manufacturing cost and lowers risk of environmental pollution.Using containing for the organic matter of high organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method
Amount up to 90%, can effectively improve the quality, mouthfeel, yield of the vegetables such as tomato and pakchoi, and Vitamin C content improves 30%
Left and right, average product improve 30% or more.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process step shown in the present invention for the preparation method of the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation
Figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
It should be understood that the terms such as "upper" of the invention, "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outside" only refer to attached drawing
The present invention will be described, not as restriction term.
Referring to Figure 1, the preparation method of the high organic fertilizer for organic vegetable plantation of the invention includes following step
It is rapid:
S1, organic fertilizer raw material is provided, the organic fertilizer raw material includes cow dung, rice chaff and garden branch, by the gardens branch
Item carries out comminution pretreatment, and by treated, garden branch is mixed with the cow dung and rice chaff, obtains mixed material；
S2, the initial aqueous rate of the mixed material is adjusted to 55~65%, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 20~35:1, then
It is inoculated with aerobic fermentation bacterium in the mixed material and carries out aerobic fermentation process.
In step S1 of the invention, during the comminution pretreatment, the grinding particle size of the garden branch is 0.1~
2cm.Each weight ratio of constituents of mixed material is preferably cow dung: rice chaff: garden branch=4:3:3.In step S2, described in adjusting
The initial aqueous rate of mixed material is preferably 60%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is preferably 25:1；Also, institute is carried out using strip style composting technology
Aerobic fermentation process is stated, fermentation time is 25~30 days, during the aerobic fermentation process, also needs turned within every 2~3 days
Heap processing carries out turning altogether and handles 3~4 times.Further, during the aerobic fermentation process, heap body center temperature is controlled
Degree is less than 70 DEG C, it is preferred that is 55~70 DEG C, and according to 0.1~0.5% inoculation aerobic hair of the mixed material fresh weight
Yeast-like fungi, it is preferred that be inoculated with aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum according to the 0.2% of mixed material fresh weight.
In an embodiment of the invention, used aerobic fermentation bacterium is VT microbial bacterial agent.Modern compost and tradition
The maximum difference of compost is exactly to be promoted by being inoculated with superior microorganism bacterial strain by domestication, with different function effect
It is brought rapidly up heap body, shortens the compost time, improves product quality.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is further explained.
Embodiment one, heap fertilizer formula and technique
Enforcement place: Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province organic resource recycles research institute
Implement material: cow dung, rice chaff, garden branch, VT microbial bacterial agent
The present embodiment is specifically comprised the following steps: using the fermentation process of cow dung, rice chaff and garden branch production organic fertilizer
It is 0.1-5cm that garden branch, which is crushed to granularity, and cow dung, rice chaff, smashed garden branch are pressed 400kg cow dung, 300kg
Rice chaff and the mixing of 300kg garden branch ratio.Material initial moisture content is adjusted to 60%, scene judges that mixed raw material is aqueous
The method of amount: holding raw material with hand-tight, appropriate when having water to ooze out from webs, but not flowing down.C/N ratio is adjusted to 25-30:1 (here
C/N refer to total carbon and nitrogen pool ratio in material, C/N value is high, is adjusted by adding cow dung, and C/N value is low,
It is adjusted by addition rice chaff and garden branch).Compost starts the preceding weight ratio according to 0.2% (fresh weight) and adds VT microorganism
Microbial inoculum.VT microbial bacterial agent is uniformly sprayed on stacking surface, inoculation VT microbial bacterial agent, which can play, rises heap body quickly
Temperature retains nitrogen and reduces the effect of fermentation process stink.After the completion of mixing, material heap is carried out using modes such as artificial or forklifts
Pile, material heap into strips or trapezoidal ferment.Into strips such as heap, then a height of 70~80cm of heap, the wide 120~150cm in bottom, it is long
It spends unlimited；Such as pile trapezoidal, then a height of 45~50cm of heap, length and width are unlimited.
In composting process, temperature of charge variation should be observed, if compost temperature generate anomalous variation or heap body generate stink,
Phenomena such as peculiar smell, illustrates that the poor oxygen content for leading to heap body of the permeability of material is insufficient, to make Biochemical reaction efficiency
Decline, needs to take corresponding auxiliary oxygenation measure, the present invention takes the mode (turning processing) of forklift turning, turns within every 2~3 days
Heap is primary, continuous turning 3~4 times, is handled by turning, can not only provide compost biochemical reaction enough oxygen, but also
Heat can be taken away, avoid heap temperature is excessively high from leading to microbial inactivation.In composting process, ideal high temperature values are 55-65
DEG C, forbid to break through 70 DEG C, because being higher than the death that this temperature will will lead to beneficial bacterium.If heap body overheats, turning will be helped
Heap body is helped to radiate.The quality of length reflection formula adjustment and pretreatment of raw material early period that high temperature is held time, ideal duration are general
It is 5-10 days, this stage can kill most of pathogen, worm's ovum, weed seed, realize the innoxious place of feces of livestock and poultry
Reason.In the present embodiment, duration megathermal period is 11 days, and the maximum temperature in composting process reaches 67.9 DEG C.
Fermentation was basically completed at 25 days, since tri- pH value, organic matter, C/N indexs are to evaluate the master of compost maturity
Chemical index is wanted, is the method for judging whether heap body is decomposed more commonly used at present.It is generally believed that when pH value is 8~9 or so,
Organic carbon content is greater than 10% organic matter total amount, and heap body reaches decomposed when C/N is reduced to 15~20:1 by 25~30:1.The present embodiment
In, heap body is after fermentation in 25 days, pH value 8.7, total nitrogen content 4.67%, the content of organic matter 91.3%, content of tatal phosphorus
2.75% (P2O5), complete 1.43% (K of potassium content2O), germination index reaches 96.1%.
Embodiment two, application of the high organic fertilizer on tomato planting
Enforcement place: Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province organic resource recycles in research institute greenhouse
Implement material: tomato, kind is Israel 1420
The greenhouse area of the present embodiment is 12m × 58m (696m2) for trying soil as meadow cinnamon, tomato is in March, 2018
It colonizes, per hectare plants 36000 plants, and July uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested.For the organic fertilizer that examination fertilizer includes after different ratios of raw materials, applicationization
Fertilizer compares.Experimental design includes six processing, arranges plot experiment in random district's groups method, test process and soil regime are asked
Referring to Tables 1 and 2:
1 test process of table
The influence of 2 Organic Manure on Soil physicochemical property of table
| Processing | Organic matter (g/kg) | Full phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) |
| 1 | 28.33 | 170.10 | 224.23 |
| 2 | 29.66 | 181.74 | 225.48 |
| 3 | 47.56 | 188.15 | 234.82 |
| 4 | 33.12 | 187.69 | 221.95 |
| 5 | 22.15 | 172.90 | 211.93 |
| CK | 19.19 | 157.20 | 204.27 |
Soil physico-chemical property is analyzed using conventional method of analysis, full phosphorus measurement is using sour molten-anti-colorimetric method of molybdenum, organic matter
Measurement uses potassium bichromate titrimetric method, and available potassium measurement is using ammonium acetate-flame spectrophotometer measurement.
Data statistics and analysis
Test data is for statistical analysis using Excel 2007 and SPSS17.0 (P < 0.05).
From table 2 it can be seen that each processing has improving effect to soil physico-chemical property, increases nutrient in soil and contain
Amount.
Processing 3 in the soil organism, full phosphorus, available potassium content highest, respectively 47.56g/kg, 188.15 mg/kg,
234.82mg/kg。
Fruit yield analysis
Fruit harvests in batches, counts each cell fruit number and weight, finally counts total output.The organic fertilizer of different ratio
There is effect of increasing production to tomato yield, test result (table 3) shows to handle 3 yield highests, and rate of growth reaches 98.37%
3 different disposal tomato yield of table
Fruit acquisition and analysis
Measure total Soluble Sugar therein (SE), reduced form (Vc), soluble solid (SS), titrable acidity (TA) with
And taste of fruit ingredient.Reduced form Vc is measured using dichloropheno-lindophenol method；Soluble sugar is measured using anthrone method；Soluble solid
Object is using abbe's refractometer method measurement (national standard GB/T 12295-1990)；Titrable acidity content is surveyed using standardized titration method
It is fixed.
Data statistics and analysis
Test data is for statistical analysis using Excel 2007 and SPSS17.0 (P < 0.05).
Influence of the organic fertilizer of different ratio to Tomato Quality such as table 4, application of organic fertilizers can significantly improve tomato
Quality, various organic fertilizers can improve significantly the content of tomato soluble solid, and reach the level of signifiance.Wherein handle
3 is the most significant.
4 different disposal Tomato Quality of table compares
Embodiment three, application effect of the organic fertilizer on pakchoi
Fertilising experiment shares 6 processing (with embodiment two), and 3 repetitions are arranged, every plot area 20m by random district's groups2
Or so, 20 plants of well-grown plant are randomly selected in the pakchoi of each processing carries out correlated traits measurements.Different ratio
Organic fertilizer has effect of increasing production to yield of pakchoi, and test result (table 5) shows to handle 3 yield of pakchoi highest, volume increase
Rate reaches 34.83%.
Influence of 5 different disposal of table to yield of pakchoi
| Processing | Yield (kg/ mus) | Rate of growth (%) | Plant height (cm) | Maximum function leaf width |
| 1 | 2198.23 | 10.47 | 21.21 | 13.68 |
| 2 | 2258.85 | 13.52 | 24.27 | 14.13 |
| 3 | 2682.94 | 34.83 | 26.36 | 16.98 |
| 4 | 2398.47 | 20.54 | 23.13 | 14.96 |
| 5 | 2147.95 | 7.95 | 20.39 | 13.96 |
| CK | 1989.85 | 19.17 | 12.31 |
Influence of the organic fertilizer of different ratio to Quality of Chinese Cabbage such as table 6, application of organic fertilizers can significantly improve little Bai
The quality of dish, organic fertilizer can reduce the content of nitrate and nitrate reductase significantly, vitamin content be improved, wherein locating
Reason 3 is the most significant.
6 different disposal of table influences Quality of Chinese Cabbage
In conclusion the present invention has using cow dung, rice chaff, the preparation method of garden branch production high organic fertilizer and height
It is had the advantages that after organic substance fertilizer application
1) organic fertilizer fermentation method of the invention is used, by being inoculated with compost fermenting microbial inoculum, can be accelerated in raw material
Organic matter degradation, fermentation time can be controlled at 25~30 days, hence it is evident that shorten fermentation period, and (germination refers to compost quality
90% or more number).It is compared to Traditional compost technology and needs 45-60 days, this technology may be implemented to complete compost in 30 days, fermentation
Time shortens 40%-60%, and 2 batch materials can be handled in the same time, and feed throughput improves 50-100% in the unit time, because
This can save the 15~20% of fermentation site area；
2) present invention process technology carries out microbial inoculant at compost initial stage, in compost mistake by the material proportion of science
Turning processing is carried out in journey, can effectively improve maximum temperature and duration megathermal period of compost megathermal period, accelerates compost
Humification process in the process promotes the quick formation of humus, reduces CO2Carbon element loss in discharge amount and composting process
Amount, to improve full carbon content in composting production, makes the content of organic matter of composting production reach 90% or more；
3) present invention process technology does not use organic chemistry product during the preparation process, environmentally friendly, meanwhile, it is used
Organic fertilizer raw material it is from a wealth of sources, manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced, to meet industrialized production needs；
4) after high organic fertilizer application of the invention, a large amount of organic nutrients and active material can be made directly to inhale for plant
It receives, while activating soil Mineral Elements (increasing element exchange state and organic content), improves plant absorption mineral element
Effective quantity.Therefore, after application of organic fertilizers, the quality, mouthfeel, yield of the vegetables such as tomato and pakchoi, vitamin C can be effectively improved
Content improves 30% or so, and average product improves 30% or more.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the high organic fertilizer for organic vegetable plantation, which comprises the following steps:
S1, provide organic fertilizer raw material, the organic fertilizer raw material includes cow dung, rice chaff and garden branch, by the garden branch into
Row comminution pretreatment, and by treated, garden branch is mixed with the cow dung and rice chaff, obtains mixed material；
S2, the initial aqueous rate of the mixed material is adjusted to 55~65%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20~35:1, then in the mixing
It is inoculated with aerobic fermentation bacterium in material and carries out aerobic fermentation process.
2. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the mixed material, each weight ratio of constituents is cow dung: rice chaff: garden branch=4:3:3.
3. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
During the comminution pretreatment, the grinding particle size of the garden branch is 0.1~2cm.
4. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that step
In rapid S2, the initial aqueous rate for adjusting the mixed material is 60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1.
5. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
It is characterized in that, in step S2, the aerobic fermentation process is carried out using strip style composting technology, fermentation time is 25~30 days.
6. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that
During the aerobic fermentation process, progress turning processing in every 2~3 days carries out the turning altogether and handles 3~4 times.
7. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that step
In rapid S2, during the aerobic fermentation process, maintain the heap body core temperature in 5~10 days at 55~70 DEG C.
8. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that step
In rapid S2, according to 0.1~0.5% inoculation aerobic fermentation bacterium of the mixed material fresh weight.
9. the preparation method for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that institute
Stating aerobic fermentation bacterium is VT microbial bacterial agent.
10. the system that a kind of basis is used for the high organic fertilizer of organic vegetable plantation as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein
High organic fertilizer obtained by Preparation Method.
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| CN113575317A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 山东师范大学 | Method for improving quality and yield of greenhouse cucumber fruits |
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