CN109603862A - 一种用于含油污水处理的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的制备与使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于含油污水处理的溴氧铋光催化复合材料制备与使用方法。通过硝酸铋、溴化钾、偏硅酸盐按照一定原料配比,在乙醇‑乙二醇混合溶剂中反应12~24h,经分离、烘干、研磨,即得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。使用时,按0.01~0.1%量加入到含油100~3000mg/L的污水中,在阳光下搅拌暴晒2~5h,即可去除93%以上油类。本发明具有原料易得、生产工艺简单等特点,产品使用方法简单,可循环利用,不产生二次污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废水治理技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于处理含油废水的溴氧铋光催化及吸附材料制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着经济的飞速发展,石油大量开采,在开采或运输途中可能会产生泄露事故。据不完全统计,全球范围内,在2010~2015年之间,仅仅运油船泄露量就达到33000吨。大量泄露事件的发生,已经超过了环境的最大承载量,对环境造成了严重的污染和破坏。
由于大量的油污泄露到水环境中,碳氢化合物逐渐成为自然水体中受到广泛关注的一种污染物,因此如何处理修复将成为关注焦点。油污染修复常见方法有物理法、化学法和生物法。物理方法是处理水污染最常用的方法,但其中围油法、机械法等需要大型设备的辅助,耗时耗力,并且污染物去除率低;化学方法可以有效地去除污染,但絮凝法等很容易造成二次污染和消耗高成本。生物法受周围环境影响较大,反应较慢。
光催化降解技术则具备工艺简单、无二次污染、几乎所有污染物成分均可矿化等优点。半导体光催化材料因其在光激发条件下对有机污染物的降解引起了人们的很大兴趣。近年来,光催化降解技术被用于含油废水的处理,但是光触媒集中在二氧化钛、氧化锌。
铋基光催化剂由于具有良好的光催化性能,也开始被研究学者们所关注。溴氧铋是一种间接半导体材料,其带系能约为2.69eV,且不受合成条件的影响而变化,并且可以吸收可见光激发电子。《溴氧化铋纳米片的制备及其光催化性能调控》(王吉玲,华中师范大学化学学院硕士论文,2013年5月)研究了溴氧化铋降解罗丹明B、水杨酸、苯酚衍生物,但是未涉及到降解碳氢化合物。这是因为碳氢化合物的降解有其独特性。对于含油废水中油分子的降解,存在一定的难度,因为油分子碳链偏长,与单一性质的染料分子相比,性质更加复杂,需要将其从长碳链降解成短的碳链,而常规的溴氧铋材料无法实现这一目的。
目前对溴氧铋的改进基本是制备其与金属化合物的复合材料,如CN108671945A一种溴氧化铋-硅酸银复合光催化材料及应用,公开了一种溴氧化铋和硅酸银的复合材料,用于降解苯酚、甲基橙等结构较为简单的有机物,不适于油污的降解,并且其制备方法繁琐、原料价格高,对溴氧铋的利用原理还没有达到最优。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本申请提供了一种用于含油污水处理的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的制备与使用方法。本发明具有原料易得、生产工艺简单等特点,产品使用方法简单,可循环利用,不产生二次污染,本材料对多种类含油废水均有优良的光降解特性。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于含油污水处理的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)原料溶液配制:分别称量5~20g溴化钾和5~20g偏硅酸钠,混合后溶解于1L水中,记作溶液A;
称取10~50g硝酸铋溶解于乙醇∶乙二醇体积比为1∶1的1L混合溶液中,记作溶液B;
(2)光催化复合材料制备:在搅拌条件下,将溶液B缓慢滴入溶液A,滴入速率0.5~2ml/min;待溶液B全部滴完后,静置12~24h;
弃去上清液,用200~1000ml乙醇洗涤白色沉淀物两次,再用500~2000ml水洗涤两次,过滤,滤渣在100~110℃烘干,研磨,过200~300目筛,即得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。
上述的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的使用方法为:在含油浓度100~1000mg/L的1L污水中,加入0.1~1g溴氧铋光催化复合材料,置于阳光下搅拌3~6h,油去除率为93%以上。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
本发明通过将溴氧铋负载在中空二氧化硅亚微球上,可以实现内腔中照射光的多次反射,有效延长照射光的作用时间,有利于光激发电子的产生。另一方面,中空二氧化硅亚微球有序稳定的介孔开口结构可以便于油分子的转移,使得复合材料兼具一定的吸附性能。
与传统的光催化材料相比,本发明得到的材料可在可见光下规模化使用,对不同类型轻质油的含油废水均具有良好的光催化降解性能,包括食用油、柴油等。本方法采用简便方法制备溴氧铋/二氧化硅,在可见光下进行含油废水的光催化反应,探究溴氧铋/二氧化硅光催化材料对含油废水光催化降解的效果,以实现含油废水的高效处理。
附图说明
图1为本发明溴氧铋光催化复合材料的SEM示意图。
图2为本发明溴氧铋光催化复合材料的TEM示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例、测试例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1:溴氧铋光催化复合材料制备
第一步,原料溶液配制
分别称量5g溴化钾和10g偏硅酸钠,混合后溶解于1L水中,记作溶液A;称取10g硝酸铋溶解于体积比为乙醇∶乙二醇=1∶1溶液1L中,记作溶液B;
第二步,光催化复合材料制备
在搅拌条件下,将溶液B缓慢滴入溶液A,滴入速率2ml/min,待溶液B全部滴完后,静置12h,弃去上清液,用5000ml乙醇洗涤沉淀物两次,再用2000ml水洗涤两次,过滤,滤渣在110℃烘干2h,研磨,过300目筛,得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。
图1中A是溴氧铋的扫描电镜图,B是溴氧铋/二氧化硅透射电镜图。从图中可以看到,在加入二氧化硅后,溴氧铋较好的负载在二氧化硅上,比表面积减小,更有利于光催化反应的进行。
图2中A是溴氧铋的透射电镜图,B是溴氧铋/二氧化硅透射电镜图。从图中可以看到,在加入二氧化硅后,纳米片颜色变浅,说明片层堆积厚度减小。
实施例2:溴氧铋光催化复合材料制备
第一步,原料溶液配制
分别称量15g溴化钾和15g偏硅酸钠,混合后溶解于1.5L水中,记作溶液A;称取20g硝酸铋溶解于体积比为乙醇∶乙二醇=1∶1溶液1.5L中,记作溶液B;
第二步,光催化复合材料制备
在搅拌条件下,将溶液B缓慢滴入溶液A,滴入速率0.5ml/min,待溶液B全部滴完后,静置15h,弃去上清液,用1L乙醇洗涤沉淀物两次,再用4000ml水洗涤两次,过滤,滤渣在105℃烘干2h,研磨,过300目筛,得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。
实施例3:溴氧铋光催化复合材料制备
第一步,原料溶液配制
分别称量20g溴化钾和20g偏硅酸钠,混合后溶解于2L水中,记作溶液A;称取20g硝酸铋溶解于体积比为乙醇∶乙二醇=1∶1溶液1.5L中,记作溶液B;
第二步,光催化复合材料制备
在搅拌条件下,将溶液B缓慢滴入溶液A,滴入速率1ml/min,待溶液B全部滴完后,静置15h,弃去上清液,用1L乙醇洗涤沉淀物两次,再用4000ml水洗涤两次,过滤,滤渣在110℃烘干2h,研磨,过300目筛,得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。
测试例1:食用油废水处理
取100ml某食品加工厂含1000mg/L食用油废水于烧杯中,加入实施例1制备得到的0.05g溴氧铋光催化复合材料,在阳光照射下搅拌2小时,材料经分离后,利用紫外分光光度计检测液体中油含量,结果表明:油浓度降低到70mg/L,计算油去除率93%。经分离后的材料再循环使用,油去除率达到86%。而在紫外光照射条件下,利用传统的纳米氧化锌光催化处理该废水,油去除率仅63%。因此,溴氧铋光催化复合材料对食用油废水比传统光催化剂有更好的处理效果,且可充分利用太阳光,操作简单、处理成本低。
测试例2:柴油废水处理
取100ml某炼油厂中含3000mg/L柴油废水于烧杯中,加入实施例1制备得到的0.2g溴氧铋光催化复合材料,在阳光照射下搅拌5小时,材料经分离后,利用紫外分光光度计检测液体中油含量,结果表明:油浓度降低到240mg/L,计算油去除率92%。因此,该材料对柴油废水也有很好的去除效果。该材料用于废水处理时,只需要搅拌、光照,勿需特殊设备,方法简单、方便。加大催化剂用量,延长时间,可以适当提高油去除率。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于含油污水处理的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)原料溶液配制:分别称量5~20g溴化钾和5~20g偏硅酸钠,混合后溶解于1L水中,记作溶液A;
称取10~50g硝酸铋溶解于乙醇:乙二醇体积比为1∶1的1L混合溶液中,记作溶液B;
(2)光催化复合材料制备:在搅拌条件下,将溶液B缓慢滴入溶液A,滴入速率0.5~2ml/min;待溶液B全部滴完后,静置12~24h;
弃去上清液,用200~1000ml乙醇洗涤白色沉淀物两次,再用500~2000ml水洗涤两次,过滤,滤渣在100~110℃烘干,研磨,过200~300目筛,即得溴氧铋光催化复合材料。
2.权利要求1所述的溴氧铋光催化复合材料的使用方法,其特征在于:在含油浓度100~1000mg/L的1L污水中,加入0.1~1g溴氧铋光催化复合材料,置于阳光下搅拌3~6h,油去除率为93%以上。
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