CN109603761B - 一种ZnO@CTAB复合材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种ZnO@CTAB复合材料的制备方法及应用。本发明分别称取乙酸锌,尿素,柠檬酸钠,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为原料,溶于水中,混合均匀,在100 mL水热反应合成釜中120℃反应6‑10 h。经过清洗、干燥得到ZnO@CTAB复合材料。使用所述复合材料ZnO@CTAB作为吸附剂,吸附水样中的双酚类物质(双酚A,双酚AF),实现了水样中双酚A,双酚AF的高效去除。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机-有机复合材料与技术领域,具体涉及一种复合材料的制备,此材料可应用于水中双酚A(BPA)、双酚AF(BPAF)的吸附。
背景技术
随着塑料批量生产,大量双酚类产品进入土壤和水体,给环境和人类社会带来了巨大的潜在风险,近年来,在环境水体中频繁检出BPA、BPAF等污染物,引起国内外专家学者广泛关注。
吸附法是应用吸附剂去除水中有害物质的方法,也是如今最常用、最有效的一种方法,国产新型大孔吸附树脂XDA-2被应用于含有BPA、BPAF的模拟水样进行动态吸附,结果表明,双酚A和双酚AF在温度低于35℃、流量不高于8BV/h、pH为7的条件下树脂吸附去除率会超过99%。聚氯乙烯(PolyCD)也可用于BPA的吸附,初始BPA浓度为45.6 mg/L,吸附剂用量为5 mg/mL,在pH为7.0时吸附反应2 h,对BPA的去除率达到97%,虽然聚氯乙烯去除BPA具有良好的效果,但是吸附剂的制备条件困难,而且存在脱附的问题。
因此,制备方法简单,对BPA、BPAF吸附效果好的新型吸附剂具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于吸附水中双酚类化合物(BPA、BPAF)的复合材料的制备方法,本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种ZnO@CTAB的制备方法,包括以下步骤:称取乙酸锌,尿素,柠檬酸钠,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)于烧杯中,四种物质的摩尔比为3:6:0.3:0.3-2.5,加入75mL去离子水,超声混合均匀,转移到100 mL水热合成釜中,在120℃密封条件下反应6-10 h,冷却到室温,得到的纳米材料用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗,在真空干燥箱中60℃烘干8 h,得到白色固体ZnO@CTAB。
制备的ZnO@CTAB纳米材料应用于水中BPA、BPAF的吸附,离心分离出负载了污染物的吸附剂,上清液通过配有紫外检测器的超高效液相色谱-可变波长紫外检测器(UPLC-TUV)测量剩余的BPA、BPAF的浓度。
进一步的,吸附时间为5-120 min。优选的,恒温震荡100 min。
进一步的,模拟水样的pH为5-11,优选的,用盐酸、氢氧化钠调节pH为9。
本发明相比现有技术的有益效果为:
1、本发明所述的ZnO@CTAB为片状,当不修饰CTAB时,制得的ZnO不吸附BPA、BPAF,经过修饰CTAB后,吸附剂对BPA、BPAF具备良好的吸附性能;
2、本发明所述的ZnO@CTAB纳米材料采用水热合成法制得,无需使用有机溶剂,制备方法简单,省时,条件易控,产率高,与Stöber法制备的SiO2@CTAB微球相比,ZnO@CTAB的沉降速度快,产率高,有益于吸附剂的分离与回收;
3、通过改变BPA、BPAF的浓度,研究不同浓度下ZnO@CTAB对目标物的吸附量,通过Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合得到吸附剂对BPA、BPAF的饱和吸附量分别为36.2 mg/g,121.9mg/g。
4、将ZnO@CTAB作为吸附剂,优化吸附时间、体系pH值等条件,实现了对水样中的BPA、BPAF的有效吸附,当双酚A,双酚AF的浓度为10 mg/L,10 mL,ZnO@CTAB的添加量为0.7mg/mL,此时对BPA、BPAF的去除率均达到99%以上。
附图说明
图1为所述ZnO,ZnO@CTAB的红外光谱检测结果示意图;
其中,a- ZnO,b-ZnO@CTAB;
图2为所述ZnO@CTAB的TEM检测结果示意图;
图3为所述ZnO,ZnO@CTAB的表面电位图;
图4为不同吸附时间对吸附量的影响示意图;
图5为不同浓度的BPA、BPAF对吸附量的影响示意图;
图6为不同体系pH对吸附量的影响示意图;
图7为改变CTAB加入量得到的吸附剂对BPA、BPAF的吸附量影响的示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
分别称取3 mmol乙酸锌,6 mmol尿素,0.3 mmol柠檬酸钠,1.6 mmol十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),溶于75mL水中,超声30min,转移至100 mL水热反应合成釜中,密封后放入烘箱120℃反应6h,冷却至室温,分别用超纯水,无水乙醇,离心清洗干净,60℃下真空干燥8h,得白色固体,获得最终产物ZnO@CTAB。
以下,通过红外光谱,透射电镜(TEM)、表面电势等方法表征ZnO@CTAB的物化性能。
在图1中a为所制备的ZnO红外光谱图,可以观察到在449 cm-1处存在较强的Zn-O键特征吸收峰;b为ZnO@CTAB红外光谱图,在2870cm-1和2950cm-1出现C-H键的特征吸收峰,说明有机长链分子CTAB的成功修饰。
由图2中A和B可知,ZnO@CTAB呈现片状,尺寸约为0.5-2μm。
由图3可知,当pH介于2-10之间时,ZnO@CTAB总体带正电,而不修饰CTAB的ZnO总体带负电。
实施例2
本实施例利用实施例1制备得到的ZnO@CTAB吸附水中BPA、BPAF的方法,包括以下步骤:
准确称取5 mg ZnO@CTAB,加入到10 mL,20 mg/L的BPA、BPAF溶液中,置于温度25℃恒温水浴锅中振荡2 h,结束后从中抽取1mL到离心管,于离心机中10000转/min离心10min,取800μL上清液于样品瓶中,UPLC分析。
实施例3
考察吸附时间,对所述ZnO@CTAB吸附量的影响。
按照实施例2所述方法吸附水中的BPA、BPAF,区别在于,吸附时间分别为5、10、20、30、60、90、120min,如图4所示,随着时间的增加,吸附量逐渐的增大,当到100 min达到平衡,本发明选择吸附时间为100 min。
实施例4
考察初始浓度,对所述ZnO@CTAB吸附量的影响。
按照实施例2所述方法吸附水中的BPA、BPAF,区别在于BPA、BPAF的浓度分别为10、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L,如图5所示,随着浓度的增大,吸附量呈增大的趋势,通过Langmuir吸附等温吸附模型对饱和吸附量进行拟合,得到ZnO@CTAB对BPA、BPAF的饱和吸附量分别为36.2 mg/g,121.9 mg/g。
实施例5
考察所述ZnO@CTAB的加入质量对水中BPA、BPAF的去除率。
按照实施例2所述方法吸附水中的BPA、BPAF,区别在于,BPA、BPAF的浓度分别为10mg/L,ZnO@CTAB的质量为0.5 mg/mL,此时ZnO@CTAB对BPA、BPAF的去除率分别达到90%和99%以上,继续增大ZnO@CTAB的质量为0.7 mg/mL,对BPA的去除率也达到99%以上。
实施例6
考察pH溶液,对所述ZnO@CTAB吸附量的影响。
按照实施例2所述方法吸附水中的BPA、BPAF,区别在于,样品溶液pH值分别调节至3,5,7,9和11,如图6所示,溶液pH值对ZnO@CTAB吸附量的影响较大,当pH = 9时,对BPA、BPAF的吸附能力最大,本发明选择的体系pH=9。
对比例
按照实施例2所述方法吸附水中的双酚A、双酚AF,区别在使用不同的吸附剂,用水热合成法分别制备不同CTAB修饰量的ZnO@CTAB复合材料(CTAB含量为0 mmol、0.3mmol、0.8mmol、1.6 mmol、2.5mmol),当CTAB含量为0 mmol,吸附剂基本不吸附目标物,当CTAB的量介于0.3-2.5 mmol之间时,如图7所示,随着CTAB浓度的由0.3 mmol增大到1.6 mmol,所得吸附剂的吸附量呈增大的趋势,当CTAB达到1.6 mmol时,吸附量最大,优选的,本发明选择CTAB的加入量为1.6 mmol制备ZnO@CTAB复合材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,用所述ZnO@CTAB复合材料吸附水体中的双酚A,双酚AF,方法如下:将ZnO@CTAB复合材料添加到含有双酚A,双酚AF的水溶液中,震荡5-120min,再通过离心分离;
所述ZnO@CTAB复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:称取乙酸锌,尿素,柠檬酸钠,CTAB,溶于水中,超声混合均匀,转移到100mL水热合成釜中,在120℃密封条件下反应一定时间,冷却到室温,得到的纳米材料用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗,在真空干燥箱中60℃烘干8h,得到白色固体ZnO@CTAB。
2.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,加入乙酸锌,尿素,柠檬酸钠,CTAB四种原料的摩尔比为3:6:0.3:0.3-2.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,所述在120℃密封条件下反应时间为6-10h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,所述双酚A,双酚AF的浓度为10mg/L,10mL时,ZnO@CTAB的添加量为0.1-0.7mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求4所述的ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,吸附剂ZnO@CTAB的添加量为0.7mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO@CTAB复合材料的应用,其特征在于,所述含双酚A,双酚AF的水溶液的pH范围5-11。
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CN104324689A (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 陕西科技大学 | 改性氧化石墨烯的制备方法及去除水中双酚a的方法 |
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