CN109601159A - A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock - Google Patents
A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601159A CN109601159A CN201811552814.0A CN201811552814A CN109601159A CN 109601159 A CN109601159 A CN 109601159A CN 201811552814 A CN201811552814 A CN 201811552814A CN 109601159 A CN109601159 A CN 109601159A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
It is a kind of that using the method that shore plum is stock cultivation salt tolerant plum blossom, the present invention relates to a kind of fancy horticulture botanical seedling culturing methods, and in particular to a method of utilize salt tolerant stock shore plum engrafting and cultivating salt tolerant plum blossom high quality seedling.It is characterized by: using salt-tolerant plant shore plum as stock grafting plum blossom, by stock and scion specification preferably with the management after the optimization of pretreatment, grafting time and method, grafting, it is final to obtain salt tolerant plum blossom nursery stock.Compared with prior art, the present invention for the first time using plum blossom not congener shore plum as stock, using the technical measures of science, the difficulty for overcoming integrenric grafting compatibility difference, makes graft survival rate can achieve 85% or more, and the salt tolerance for grafting plum blossom seedling is made to be increased to 0.6%NaCl, and grafting has apparent effect of rejuvenation, grafting plum blossom seedling second year can bloom on a small quantity, just reach full blossom third year, and the amount of blooming is more than common plum blossom seedling.This method is easy to operate, easy to spread, not only expands growth condition range, the suitable plant species in abundant China, salt-soda soil, beach of plum blossom, also provides method reference to improve the Salt-endurance of other ornamental flowers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ornamental plant method for culturing seedlings, and in particular to a kind of to improve plum blossom Salt-endurance using salt tolerant stock
Method.
Background technique
Plum blossom (Armeniaca mume) it is the perennial fallen leaves little Qiao that rosaceae apricot belongs to.Plum blossom originates in China, according to text
Word is recorded, at least more than 3000 years applicating histories of plum blossom.Plum blossom be not only China traditional famous flower and world-renowned sight
It admires the beauty of flowers wood, the plum blossom kind of present China growth condition has 300 or more.Plum blossom likes temperature climate, wet weather, resists cold
Not strong, more drought-resistant, the intolerant to waterlogging of property.Clube tree root system is shallower, not saline-alkali tolerant, can only be in the lower normal sand soil of level of ground water
It is cultivated in earth or calculous soil earth.Plum blossom can be bred with the methods of seed, grafting, cuttage, press strip, to graft as primary hand in production
Section can not only improve cold-resistant, drought resisting and the disease resistance of plum blossom by grafting, and breeding resistance, ornamental value are high, flower
The effective ways of the plum blossom excellent variety of phase length.But it yet there are no the report that plum blossom Salt-endurance is improved using the method for grafting
Road.
The saline and alkaline beach in China is increasing at present, and the demand to salt tolerant nursery stock is also growing day by day, and plum blossom is as China
The chief of ten big famous flowers should also burst forth in beautiful beach.It is preferred that salt tolerant stock improves the Salt-endurance of plum blossom using grafting means,
To cultivate the wide plum blossom kind of soil suitability and seedling, plant it in the salt-soda soil region in China coast and inland
Training, will be with important application value and ecological significance.It is plum, peach, apricot etc. that plum blossom, which grafts common stock, and these types of stock is resistance to
Salt is very poor, cannot improve the Salt-endurance of plum blossom.Recent study report shore plum (Prunusmaritima) it is to have now been found that
The strongest fruit variety of salt tolerance.Salt tolerant shore plum is the perennial plant of rosaceae Prunus, originates in Northeastern United States Beijing University
It is Western littoral, there are the multiple uses such as fruit use, ornamental.Shore plum well developed root system, saline-alkali tolerant, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, research find that its is resistance to
Salt may be up to 0.9%(with soil Na+Content meter), it can be with normal growth in the slight desalination area of China coast.The economic valence of shore plum
It is strong to be worth lower but its well developed root system, salt tolerance, plum blossom economic value is high but root system is shallower, not saline-alkali tolerant, transfers using shore plum as stock
The advantage and disadvantage of the two can be merged by connecing plum blossom, cultivate the high plum blossom seedling of well developed root system, good salt tolerance, economic value, expand plum
Colored growth condition range.Due to plum blossom and shore plum is equal does not belong to, and graft compatibility and survival rate are lower than nomoplastic graft, this
Invention by stock and scion specification preferably with the special management after the optimization of pretreatment, grafting time and method, grafting
Etc. technical measures, make shore plum grafting plum blossom survival rate can achieve 85% or more.After measured, the grafting plum blossom seedling finally obtained
Salt resistance ability has obtained large increase, and tolerable 0.6% soil salt content is (with Na+Content meter).
Core of the invention is to graft the plum blossom with high economic value using the shore plum with strong salt tolerance as stock, obtain
Salt tolerant plum blossom grafting is obtained, it is final to establish the method for improving plum blossom Salt-endurance.This method has no answer in the cultivation of plum blossom seedling at present
With with significant innovative.Key technology of the invention be stock and scion pre-selection and processing, the grasp of grafting time,
The optimization of engrafting method and the special management measure after grafting etc., it is easy to operate, it is easy to spread.The present invention is salt tolerant plum blossom seedling
Cultivation provides a method, not only increases the Salt-endurance of plum blossom, has widened the planting range of plum blossom, and to improve other
The Salt-endurance of fruit tree provides method reference.
Summary of the invention
One, technical solution: using shore plum as stock grafting plum blossom, obtaining salt tolerant and graft plum blossom seedling, improve the Salt-endurance of plum blossom,
To expand the cultivation range of plum blossom；Graft survival rate is improved by the optimization of graft technology, reaches high effect culture salt tolerant plum blossom
The purpose of seedling.
Two, particular content: according to the above technical scheme, the specific method is as follows for the content of present invention.
1, the selection and processing of stock: the stock for grafting selects shore plum 1 ~ triennial seedling, when grafting ground diameter be 1 ~
1.5 cm；The seeding row spacing of stock plantation is 15 ~ 20 cm × 35 ~ 45 cm；It is used in 5 ~ August part of grafting the previous year and " dredges side shoot
The method of feeding trunk " carries out pruning to stock.
2, it the selection and processing of scion: selects and meets the plum blossom kind that production needs；Select 3 ~ 10 years raw healthy plum blossoms
Tree, the annual nutrition branch of acquisition stem thickness 1cm or so is as scion；The spring of the previous year is grafted using " thin fruitful branch, trophotrophic
The pruning method of branch " cultivates the nutrition branch of robust growth；It grafts preceding 20 ~ 40 d and acquires scion, 30 ~ 40cm long is cut into, with originally
Water is wrapped up after cleaning up with wet gauze, is put into freshness protection package, is placed in moisturizing in 3 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerators and is stored.
3, grafting time: before stock is sprouted, generally annual March is grafted.
4, engrafting method: using the engrafting method of minor matters.
It can be used to graft when the stem thickness of shore plum seedling reaches 1 ~ 1.5 cm.The scion handled well will be cut into 5-8cm band 2
The stem section of ~ 3 buds, scion cut two different tapered planes of length with grafting knife, and long bevel is 2 ~ 3 cm long, and short bevel is 0.5 ~ 1
Cm long, then in away from 5 ~ 10 cm of ground cut stock, along smooth surface or the longitudinal sectional depth 3 ~ 5 of sunny slope from stock section side 1/3
Scion is inserted into stock by cm, is directed at both sides' forming layer, and binding is tight, pays attention to sealing stock and all wounds of scion.
5, the management after grafting: mainly including water management, except sprouting, lighten restrictions on and pruning.
Water management: poured immediately after grafting 1 time it is permeable, guarantee that stock root system has sufficient moisture, later 7 d is poured again
Once.
It releases band: namely lightening restrictions on to grafting interface, the present invention is using " three steps lighten restrictions on method ", that is, after grafting
25 ~ 30 d lighten restrictions on for the first time, cut a mouth with surgical scissors, growth can normally be stretched out by making to budder；It is carried out when 35 ~ 45 d
It lightens restrictions on for the second time, with scalpel, bud does not scratch one of fracture on one side at binding, cannot injure plant surface；50 d are laggard
Row third time is lightened restrictions on, and completely removes binding strap when anvil fringe interface heals completely.
Pruning: due to after grafting at healing it is more fragile, to prevent scion growth from comparatively fast causing grafting from interface
Place is broken, and to trim scion branch in 2 months after grafting in time, and suitable control growth promotes interface growth, prevents from breaking
It splits；In addition slow growth in 1-2 months of scion grafting survival, causes stock to have a little rudiment, it is necessary to often remove, to scion
The speed of growth accelerates after 2 months, in this way it is no longer necessary to the special management for removing sprout tillers.
Nursery stock transplanting is out of the garden: grafting nursery stock in November current year can be transplanted or be out of the garden, since shore plum root system is relatively sent out
It reaches, the cave of deep 40-50cm, bore 30-40cm is dug when digging seedling, trim root and scion, put that freshness protection package is fresh-keeping to be transported
Into Field planting or transplant flower pot.
Advantages of the present invention: the present invention cultivates salt tolerant plum blossom grafting, improves for the first time using salt-tolerant plant shore plum as stock
The Salt-endurance of plum blossom, making the salt resistance ability of plum blossom, never salt tolerant has been increased to 0.6% soil salt content (with Na+Content meter), greatly
The planting area range of plum blossom is widened greatly；The present invention is using shore plum as stock, and the sprout tillers of stock is few after grafting, eliminates except sprout tillers
Management cost is greatly saved in step；It is affine to overcome integrenric grafting using suitable engrafting method and management measure by the present invention
Property difference obstacle, so that plum blossom and the graft survival rate of shore plum has been reached 85% or more, and grafting has apparent effect of rejuvenation, transfer
Seedlings picking second year can bloom, 3 years can full blossom, reached the custom requirements of plum blossom high efficiency seedling cultivating and production；Operation of the present invention
Simply, application easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
The shore Fig. 1 plum (stock)-plum blossom (scion) is grafted the 1st day；
Well healed,nonsymptomatic graft union after the shore Fig. 2 plum-plum blossom is grafted 1 year；
Situation of blooming after the shore Fig. 3 plum-plum blossom grafting 3 years；
A situation is sprouted after the shore Fig. 4 plum-plum blossom grafting 3 years.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment is merely exemplary, and is not limited in any way to the present invention.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art
Be without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, can details to technical solution of the present invention and form modify or
Replacement, and these modifications and replacement are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
Below with reference to specific case, the present invention is described in further detail, and plum blossom employed in case cultivates product
Kind is " Beijing is small " plum in straight branch plum blossom.
Case study on implementation 1: 2014 year 2 Nian Shengbin plum seedlings of selection, in 5 ~ August part using the side of " dredge side shoot, support trunk "
Method, monthly trimming is primary, removes side shoot, while reinforcing fertilizer and water management, nurturing staff.On 2 10th, 2015, from 8 years life " Beijing
It is small " clip no disease and pests harm, bud be full on clube tree, the current year raw nutrition branch of stem thickness 1cm or so, it is cut into the stem section of 30cm or so,
It is wrapped up, is put into freshness protection package with wet gauze after being rinsed well with tap water, be placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators and save.On March 15th, 2015
It is grafted, using the cut-grafting method in scion grafting, 2 ~ 3 buds are stayed in scion, are whittled into different oblique of two length back-to-back in its lower end
Then plane, long 2 ~ 3 cm of bevel, short 0.5 ~ 1 cm of bevel choose the stock of 1 ~ 1.5 cm of stem thickness degree, away from 5 ~ 10 cm of ground
Place is cut, and along longitudinal sectional 3 ~ 5 cm of smooth surface from section side 1/3, the scion cut is inserted into, both sides' forming layer is directed at, with grafting
Special adhesive tape is closely bound.After grafting that afternoon pour 1 time it is permeable, guarantee that stock root system has sufficient moisture, later 7 d is poured again
Once.Grafting checks survival rate after 15 days, it is to survive that scion rudiment, which reaches 0.5 cm or more,.Through counting, this batch grafting at
Motility rate is 87%.Discovery stock has bud eruption to remove immediately at this time, in the management phase of 2 months early periods, as long as discovery stock is sprouted
Branch all removals in time.Progress on April 10th, 2015 is lightened restrictions on for the first time, is cut off the bandage at package scion rudiment, is enable bud just
Normal stretching growth.April 20 in 2015 is lightened restrictions on for the second time, and with scalpel, scratching on one side for bud is not broken together at binding
Mouthful.May in 2015,5 anvil fringe interface healed completely, removed all binding straps at this time.On April 20th, 2015 and May 20 respectively into
The top contracting branch of row scion is trimmed, and the weak branch and the branch of excessive growth sprouted in scion are removed.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for cultivating salt tolerant plum blossom using shore plum for stock, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) selection and processing of stock: the ground diameter of stock shore plum is 1 ~ 1.5cm when grafting；15 ~ 20cm of seeding row spacing of stock plantation
×35~45cm；In the method that 5 ~ August part of grafting the previous year uses " dredge side shoot and support trunk ", pruning is carried out to stock
(2) it the selection and processing of scion: selects and meets the plum blossom kind that production needs；Acquire the annual battalion of stem thickness 1cm or so
Branch is supported as scion；The spring for grafting the previous year cultivates robust growth using the pruning method of " dredging fruitful branch, trophotrophic branch "
Nutrition branch；It grafts preceding 20 ~ 40 d and acquires scion, be cut into 30 ~ 40cm long, wrapped up after being cleaned up with tap water with wet gauze, put
Enter freshness protection package, is placed in moisturizing in 3 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerators and stores
(3) grafting time: before stock is sprouted, generally annual March is grafted
(4) engrafting method: using the engrafting method of minor matters
It can be used to graft when the stem thickness of shore plum seedling reaches 1 ~ 1.5 cm, the scion handled well will be cut into 2 ~ 3 bud of 5-8cm band
Stem section, scion cuts two different tapered planes of length with grafting knife, and long bevel is 2 ~ 3 cm long, and short bevel is 0.5 ~ 1 cm
It is long, then in away from cutting stock 5 ~ 10 cm of ground at, along smooth surface or the longitudinal sectional depth 3 ~ 5 of sunny slope from stock section side 1/3
Scion is inserted into stock by cm, is directed at both sides' forming layer, and binding is tight, pays attention to sealing stock and all wounds of scion
(5) management after grafting:Water management: poured immediately after grafting 1 time it is permeable, guarantee that stock root system has sufficient moisture,
Later 7 d is poured once againIt releases band: namely lightening restrictions on to grafting interface, the present invention is using " three steps lighten restrictions on method ", i.e.,
25 ~ 30 d lighten restrictions on for the first time after grafting, cut a mouth with surgical scissors, growth can normally be stretched out by making to budder；35 ~45 d
Shi Jinhang lightens restrictions on for the second time, and with scalpel, bud does not scratch one of fracture on one side at binding, cannot injure plant surface；50
Third time is carried out after d to lighten restrictions on, and completely removes binding strap when anvil fringe interface heals completelyPruning: due to being cured after grafting
It is more fragile at conjunction, to prevent scion growth from comparatively fast grafting being caused to be broken from interface, to be repaired in time in 2 months after grafting
Montage cladus item, suitable control growth promote interface growth, prevent from being broken；In addition it is grown in 1-2 months of scion grafting survival
Slowly, stock is caused to have a little rudiment, it is necessary to often remove, the speed of growth accelerates after scion 2 months, in this way it is no longer necessary to specially
Door removes the management of sprout tillersNursery stock transplanting is out of the garden: grafting nursery stock in November current year can be transplanted or be out of the garden, due to shore plum root system
It is more developed, the cave of deep 40-50cm, bore 30-40cm are dug when digging seedling, trim root and scion, it is fresh-keeping i.e. to put freshness protection package
It can transport in Field planting or transplant flower pot.
2. being as described in claim 1 the method for stock cultivation salt tolerant plum blossom using shore plum, it is characterised in that for grafting
Stock is the healthy shore plum seedling of 1 ~ triennial.
3. being as described in claim 1 the method for stock cultivation salt tolerant plum blossom using shore plum, it is characterised in that for grafting
Stock is 3 ~ 10 years raw healthy clube trees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811552814.0A CN109601159A (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock |
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| CN201811552814.0A CN109601159A (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113892357A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-07 | 青岛灯塔农林高科技开发有限公司 | Salix mongolica grafting cultivation method |
| CN113892389A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-07 | 青岛灯塔农林高科技开发有限公司 | Method for treating beach or saline-alkali soil by adopting grafted salix mongolica |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102415309A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-18 | 安徽绿健生物科技有限公司 | Method for planting plum blossom-shaped water and fertilizer holding tea-oil trees |
| CN103430760A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum |
| CN105519392A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for cultivating salt-tolerant peach seedlings |
-
2018
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201811552814.0A patent/CN109601159A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102415309A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-18 | 安徽绿健生物科技有限公司 | Method for planting plum blossom-shaped water and fertilizer holding tea-oil trees |
| CN103430760A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum |
| CN105519392A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for cultivating salt-tolerant peach seedlings |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113892357A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-07 | 青岛灯塔农林高科技开发有限公司 | Salix mongolica grafting cultivation method |
| CN113892389A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-07 | 青岛灯塔农林高科技开发有限公司 | Method for treating beach or saline-alkali soil by adopting grafted salix mongolica |
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