CN103430760A - Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum - Google Patents
Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430760A CN103430760A CN2013104069779A CN201310406977A CN103430760A CN 103430760 A CN103430760 A CN 103430760A CN 2013104069779 A CN2013104069779 A CN 2013104069779A CN 201310406977 A CN201310406977 A CN 201310406977A CN 103430760 A CN103430760 A CN 103430760A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum. The method mainly comprises the steps of: firstly, selecting a south flower plum variety with full-petalled flowers, bright and beautiful color, fragrance, large pollen quantity, strong cold resistance and high pollen activity; then carrying out cold resistance domestication on the selected plum variety; carrying out seedling seed selection, seedling culturing and grafting on the domesticated plum variety; finally, selecting the plum variety with large fruiting quantity and firm fruits as the cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum. The cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum cultured by the method provided by the invention is good in fancy points, firm in fruits, high in yield and capable of being subjected to processing production, therefore, limitation to single ornamentation and fruit processing production of the conventional plum is broken up; through cold resistance domestication, the cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum can be planted in a north region with lower temperature, therefore, a region for planting the cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum.
Background technology
Plum blossom, be Chinese traditional famous flower, and at China's cultivation history of existing 3000, different types of varieties has unique natural beauty and abundant Biodiversity Characteristics at aspects such as rhythm, appearance, look, perfume.Plum really contains multiple organic acid, is rich in multiple basic mineral, is called as " healthy food ".Plum blossom is through breed improvement, from entering north on the south the Changjiang river.The cold resistant variety of plum blossom is large-scale application, and both the good ornamental value plum blossom of tool can be solid, and makes the cold-resistant improved seeds of Fruit industry relatively less.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, disclose the breeding method of a kind of cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum, implement according to following step:
1) screening
The screening florescence early, spend large, flower polyphyll, pattern gorgeous, there is fragrance, pollen amount is large and spend active high, cold resistance is strong, tree vigo(u)r is strong, south flower plum kind is as the cultivation object;
2) cold-resistant domestication
2.1 at first harmel is worn into to meal, meal is soaked to 24h in 85% ethanol, then carrying out 3 times extracts, each 60 minutes, merge extract, decompression distillation is reclaimed ethanol to paste, then use 5% hydrochloric acid repeatedly wash-out medicinal extract to the inanimate object alkali reaction, finally with ammoniacal liquor, adjust filtered fluid, be adjusted to the distilled water solution that pH value is 6;
2.2 after the plant through the colored plum kind of screening after step 1 grows to 10cm height left and right, the solution that 2.1 steps are made evenly is sprayed onto on plant, then plant is put into to the low temperature incubator of temperature-adjustable, the low temperature incubator temperature is adjusted into to 0 ℃, place 24 hours, then take out plant and place nursery, carry out anti-seedling, get the plant grown fine, again spray the solution that 2.1 steps are made, then plant is continued to put into low temperature incubator, temperature setting is set to 0 ℃, place after 24 hours, take out the plant grown fine;
2.3 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-5 ℃, repeats to take out the plant grown fine after 2.2 steps;
2.4 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-10 ℃, repeats to take out the plant grown fine after 2.2 steps;
2.5 the plant after 2.4 steps domestications is planted in to temperature in winter in the area of-10 ℃～-15 ℃ in 3-4 month time shift, adopt Insulation to cover the plant root, remove Insulation May at Second Year, choose the plant grown fine in March, the 3rd;
3) grow seedlings
The seed selection 3.1 grow directly from seeds
After the plum fruit maturation of the plant of selecting after 2.5 steps, gather, remove pulp;
3.2 seed treatment
Selecting the seed clear water after 3.1 steps rinses, then the seed that uses hydrogen peroxide to mix after cleaning first sprays with clear water, use again 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, immersion is 20 minutes～30 minutes, then clear water sprays, finally seed is placed on to ventilation and dries in the shade, put in freezer and process by clean river sand lamination;
3.3 vernalization
Temperature carries out vernalization to the seed after 3.2 steps after getting warm again after a cold spell;
4) grafting
4.1 select cold-resistant stock;
4.2 in grafting first 10 days, stock is carried out to single-dose application and pours water;
4.3 will carry out grafting in the rhizome section of stock through the plant after step 3.3;
5) postsearch screening
In plant in after step 4.3 grafting, select result quantities is large, fruit is solid colored plum kind as flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum.
Preferred version is: river sand layer by layer higher primary school in 40cm.
Preferred version is: before grafting, the stock base portion is dug to soil, the plane of the soil in stock 20cm scope is opened, dig the native degree of depth 5～10cm.
Preferred version is: grafting method is for cutting the abdomen grafting.
The flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum of cultivating by breeding method provided by the invention, can make plum blossom there is good fancy points, fruit is solid, high yield and can processing, broken plum single limitation of viewing and admiring with the fruit processing in the past, and, by cold-resistant domestication, make flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum can cultivate the north zone lower in temperature, thereby enlarged the cultural area of flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
1) screening: should take and spend the plum kind as main, Hua Mei select the florescence early, spend large, flower polyphyll, pattern gorgeous, there is fragrance, pollen amount is large, pollen activity is high kind, the present embodiment selects " large palace powder ", " white pavilion ", " silver-colored limit flies cinnabar ", " light rich after ", " Nanjing is red ", " six lobes ", " Laoshan is white ", " little green calyx " and " winter jasmine powder " as spending the plum kind;
2) cold-resistant domestication:
2.1 at first harmel is worn into to meal, meal is soaked to 24h in 85% ethanol, then carrying out 3 times extracts, each 60 minutes, merge extract, decompression distillation is reclaimed ethanol to paste, then use 5% hydrochloric acid repeatedly wash-out medicinal extract to the inanimate object alkali reaction, finally with ammoniacal liquor, adjust filtered fluid, be adjusted to the distilled water solution that pH value is 6;
2.2 after the plant through the colored plum kind of screening after step 1 grows to 10cm height left and right, the solution that 2.1 steps are made evenly is sprayed onto on plant, then plant is put into to the low temperature incubator of temperature-adjustable, the low temperature incubator temperature is adjusted into to 0 ℃, place 24 hours, then take out plant and place nursery, carry out anti-seedling, get the plant grown fine, again spray the solution that 2.1 steps are made, then plant is continued to put into low temperature incubator, temperature setting is set to 0 ℃, place after 24 hours, the plant that taking-up is grown fine " white pavilion ", " silver-colored limit flies cinnabar ", " light rich rear ", " Nanjing is red ", " six lobes ", " Laoshan is white ", " little green calyx " and " winter jasmine powder ",
2.3 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-5 ℃, repeats to take out plant " light rich rear ", " Nanjing is red ", " six lobes ", " Laoshan is white ", " the little green calyx " and " winter jasmine powder " grown fine after 2.2 steps;
2.4 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-10 ℃, repeats after 2.2 steps to take out the plant that grows fine " light rich after ", six lobes ", " Laoshan is white ", " little green calyx " and " winter jasmine powder ";
2.5 the plant after 2.4 steps domestications is planted in to temperature in winter in the area of-10 ℃～-15 ℃ in 3-4 month time shift, adopt Insulation to cover the plant root, remove Insulation May at Second Year, choose the plant that grows fine " light rich after ", six lobes in March, the 3rd ", " Laoshan is white ", " little green calyx ";
3) grow seedlings
The seed selection 3.1 grow directly from seeds
After the plum fruit maturation of the plant of selecting after 2.5 steps, gather, remove pulp;
3.2 seed treatment
Selecting the seed clear water after 3.1 steps rinses, then use the seed after hydrogen peroxide is mixed cleaning, first with clear water, spray, use again 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, immersion is 20 minutes～30 minutes, and then the clear water spray, finally be placed on ventilation by seed and dry in the shade, put in freezer by clean river sand lamination and process, river sand layer by layer higher primary school in 40cm;
3.3 vernalization
Temperature carries out vernalization to the seed after 3.2 steps after getting warm again after a cold spell;
4) grafting
4.1 select cold-resistant stock, before grafting, the stock base portion is dug to soil, the plane of the soil in stock 20cm scope is opened, dig the native degree of depth 5～10cm;
4.2 in grafting first 10 days, stock is carried out to single-dose application and pours water;
4.3 will carry out grafting in the rhizome section of stock through the plant after step 3.3, grafting method is for cutting the abdomen grafting;
5) postsearch screening
In plant in after step 4.3 grafting, select the colored plum kind that result quantities is large, fruit is solid " light rich after ", six lobes ", " Laoshan is white " as flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of a cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum, is characterized in that, according to following step, implements: 1) screening
1.1 the screening florescence early, spend large, flower polyphyll, pattern gorgeous, there is fragrance, pollen amount is large and pollen activity is high, cold resistance is strong, tree vigo(u)r is strong, south flower plum kind is as the cultivation object;
2) cold-resistant domestication
2.1 at first harmel is worn into to meal, meal is soaked 24 hours in 85% ethanol, then carrying out 3 times extracts, each 60 minutes, merge extract, decompression distillation is reclaimed ethanol to paste, then use 5% hydrochloric acid repeatedly wash-out medicinal extract to the inanimate object alkali reaction, finally with ammoniacal liquor, adjust filtered fluid, be adjusted to the distilled water solution that pH value is 6;
2.2 after the plant of the colored plum kind of screening after 1.1 steps grows to 10cm height left and right, the solution that 2.1 steps are made evenly is sprayed onto on plant, then plant is put into to the low temperature incubator of temperature-adjustable, the low temperature incubator temperature is adjusted into to 0 ℃, place 24 hours, then take out plant and place nursery, carry out anti-seedling, get the plant grown fine, again spray the solution that 2.1 steps are made, then plant is continued to put into low temperature incubator, temperature setting is set to 0 ℃, place after 24 hours, take out the plant grown fine;
2.3 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-5 ℃, repeats to take out the plant grown fine after 2.2 steps;
2.4 the low temperature incubator temperature setting is set to-10 ℃, repeats to take out the plant grown fine after 2.2 steps;
2.5 the plant after 2.4 steps domestications is planted in to temperature in winter in the area of-10 ℃～-15 ℃ in 3-4 month time shift, adopt Insulation to cover the plant root, remove Insulation May at Second Year, choose the plant grown fine in March, the 3rd;
3) grow seedlings
The seed selection 3.1 grow directly from seeds
After the plum fruit maturation of the plant of selecting after 2.5 steps, gather, remove pulp;
3.2 seed treatment
By the seed that obtains after 3.1 steps, first with the clear water spray, then to use 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, immersion be 20 minutes～30 minutes, and then the clear water spray, finally be placed on ventilation by seed and dry in the shade, and puts in freezer with clean river sand lamination processing;
3.3 vernalization
Temperature carries out vernalization to the seed after 3.2 steps after getting warm again after a cold spell;
4) grafting
4.1 select cold-resistant stock;
4.2 in grafting first 10 days, stock is carried out to single-dose application and pours water;
4.3 will carry out grafting in the rhizome section of stock through the plant after step 3.3;
5) postsearch screening
In plant in after step 4.3 grafting, select result quantities is large, fruit is solid colored plum kind as flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum.
2. the breeding method of cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, river sand layer by layer higher primary school in 40cm.
3. the breeding method of cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before grafting, the stock base portion dug to soil, and the plane of the soil in stock 20cm scope is opened, and digs the native degree of depth 5～10cm.
4. the breeding method of cold-resistant flowers and fruits dual-purpose plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, grafting method is for cutting the abdomen grafting.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782785A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-05-14 | 华中农业大学 | Prunus mume seed cultivation method |
| CN105145237A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 王振华 | Plantation method for bananas |
| CN106489643A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | A kind of Prunus mume var.bungo Makino breeding method |
| CN109601159A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-12 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102771476A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Application of chitosanoligosaccharide and derivatives thereof in plant cold resisting |
| CN103081705A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method of improving prunus maritime seed emergence rate |
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2013
- 2013-09-09 CN CN201310406977.9A patent/CN103430760B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
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| CN102771476A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Application of chitosanoligosaccharide and derivatives thereof in plant cold resisting |
| CN103081705A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method of improving prunus maritime seed emergence rate |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 周杰等: "抗寒梅切花优良品种选育研究", 《北京林业大学学报》 * |
| 庄淑琴等: "抗寒花果兼用梅优良品种选育的初步研究Ⅱ", 《北京林业大学学报》 * |
| 张启翔: "《中国观赏园艺研究进展2012》", 31 December 2012 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782785A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-05-14 | 华中农业大学 | Prunus mume seed cultivation method |
| CN103782785B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-10-21 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of plum blossom seeds cultivation method |
| CN105145237A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 王振华 | Plantation method for bananas |
| CN105145237B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-06-19 | 宁波远志立方能源科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of banana |
| CN106489643A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | A kind of Prunus mume var.bungo Makino breeding method |
| CN109601159A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-12 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of salt tolerant plum blossom is cultivated using shore plum for stock |
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