CN103081705A - Method of improving prunus maritime seed emergence rate - Google Patents
Method of improving prunus maritime seed emergence rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN103081705A CN103081705A CN2013100539690A CN201310053969A CN103081705A CN 103081705 A CN103081705 A CN 103081705A CN 2013100539690 A CN2013100539690 A CN 2013100539690A CN 201310053969 A CN201310053969 A CN 201310053969A CN 103081705 A CN103081705 A CN 103081705A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of spermology and pomology, and particularly relates to a method of improving the prunus maritime seed emergence rate. According to the method, the period of dormancy of prunus maritime seeds is shortened, and the emergence rate of the prunus maritime seeds is improved. The method comprises the steps of harvesting, drying, seed selection, seed immersing, sterilizing, storage in sand, sowing, and after-sowing management. According to the method, the time for storage in sand of the prunus maritime seeds is 50-65 days, the emergence rate can reach to above 85% which is 20% more than that reported in documents. The method of improving the prunus maritime seed emergence rate has the advantages of being simple in operation, good in handling capacity, easy to operate manually, and high in application value for seeding propagation, introduction and domestication, variety breeding and efficient utilization of prunus maritime.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seed science, pomology technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that improves tone fruit trees beach plum seed insemination and emergence rate.
Background technology
Shore plum (Prunus maritima) is a kind of shrub of rose family Prunus, originates in the Northeastern United States North Atlantic Ocean littoral.The first leaf of shore plum is bloomed, and spends greatly and closely, can be used for the ornamental plantation greening, and its branch is also more, can make the potted landscape of tree-like grace; Secondly, the fruit sweet and sour taste of shore plum, solid content is 9.4～19.0 (Brix), can be used for the processing of a series of fruits such as jelly, fruit juice; Moreover shore plum well developed root system has the resistance of the aspects such as drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, can be used for the fixing of the reparation of links and sand dune, or does other plant of stock grafting with it, to improve the salinity and alkalinity resistance of grafting plant.Have at present the shore plum improved seeds of report less, by crossbreeding, grow directly from seeds that to select excellent be a kind of traditional breeding technique, this just relates to the problem that beach plum seed germinates.In addition, when doing stock with the beach plum seed seedling, graft survival rate is high, and this also relates to the problem of seed sprouting.
Under natural conditions, beach plum seed needs the resting stage of about 6 months, and germination rate has greatly limited applying of shore plum usually less than 3%.Its main cause is that beach plum seed has hard shell, and the kind skin is difficult for permeable, causes seed to be in for a long time resting state, and seed is in low water content for a long time, very easily loses germinating capacity.Seed moisture content is the key factor that affects the seed storage life-span, under normal temperature condition, and the seed of short-term storage, safer under drier condition, still, can allow seed lose vitality and germinating capacity if water content is too low; And water content is too high, and the metabolic activity of seed can be strengthened, and makes the overnutrition consumption of seed storage, and loses too early vitality.Therefore, seed moisture content is to affect the key factor that whether vitality descends during seed storage.
It is reported, germination rate is the highest under the husky condition of hiding 90d～120d of low temperature only has 66% for the shore plum.If all adopt the method for science from each step of processing, sowing and the after planting management of the gathering of fruit, seed, just can shorten the resting stage of beach plum seed, improve the insemination and emergence rate, make the time that beach plum seed is emerged have controllability, has important function to accelerating shore plum breed breeding, produce and utilize, enriching the saline land floristics and improve ecology.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the present invention is according to the characteristic of beach plum seed, and a kind of method that shortens beach plum seed resting stage, improves the insemination and emergence rate is provided, and reaches the efficient that improves shore plum scientific research and the purpose of production utilization ratio.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is being selected full ripe shore plum fruit and seed, can reach more than 85% through insemination and emergence rate after a series of processing.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) results: generally annual September, adopt down after the plum fruit full maturity of shore.Soak 12h in water, part water is removed in control, and according to the shore plum: water: the coarse sand volume ratio is to mix at 1: 1: 1.5, then rub with hand, pulp is removed, and final rinse water totally namely obtains beach plum seed, utilize this method than with natural packing the method for rotting to obtain seed vigor high by approximately 30%.
2) drying: with the first 8h that is exposed to the sun under the sun of the beach plum seed of results, then the In Shade drying of carrying out, when seed moisture content reaches 15%～25%, preserve standby in the ventilative kraft paper bag of can packing into.
3) seed selection: 55d～70d before sowing, select thousand kernel weight greater than 200g, without damage by disease and insect, full beach plum seed.
4) seed soaking: the seed of choosing is placed on soaks 18h～36h in clear water, the volume ratio of seed and water is 1: 1～1: 3, makes seed moisture content remain on 30%～40%.Change during this time water 2～3 times, in order to remove the foreign material that soak out, and the oxygen content that increases soak.
5) sterilization: soaked seed is placed in 1% clorox (NaClO) solution soaking disinfection, seed and clorox mix by the volume ratio of 1: 1～1: 1.5, and soak time is 15min～20min.Sterile seed is released rinse 10min～15min under water, in order to remove the clorox that the surface of the seed adheres to.The moisture control of the surface of the seed is done got final product.
6) the husky Tibetan: prepare a certain amount of thin river sand, the water content that makes sand is 55%～60%; Seed and sand are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1: 3～1: 5, with the lamination method of the husky one deck seed of one deck, in pack into ventilative sack or chest, are placed in the interior preservation of refrigerating chamber of 3～5 ℃; Duration of storage stirs weekly seed one time, checks to have or not mildew and rot seed, and checks the water content of sand, makes it remain on 55%～60%.Can take out after seed low temperature husky Tibetan 50d～65d and carry out field sowing.
7) sowing: generally carry out field sowing in mid or late Febuary.Airing must be ploughed deeply in the plot of sowing before the winter, every mu applies fertilizer 2000kg～4000kg, rapeseed cake fertilizer 30kg～50kg and the 5～7kg thimet that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Shallow turning over once again before sowing spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 30kg～50kg and thiophanate-methyl 100g～150g.Adopt the method for drilling, sowing depth is 5cm～10cm, and spacing in the rows is 15cm～25cm, and line-spacing is 30cm～50cm.Because the shore plum is psammophytes, so will spread the river sand of 3cm～5cm in the bar ditch.Cover the thick straw of one deck 3cm～5cm or leaf after planting again, be used for moisturizing, also can prevent cold in the late spring, the assurance seed is normally emerged.Water at last once permeable getting final product.
8) broadcast rear management: the after planting management of moisture is very crucial, and after planting 5～7d sprays a water, and 20d waters once permeable.
Process without vernalization according to this program and directly carry out field sowing, after sowing 30d, emergence rate can reach more than 85%, has both saved cost, has improved again the insemination and emergence rate.
Beneficial effect
Good effect of the present invention:
1) the present invention uses first physical method to get and obtains beach plum seed, has avoided natural packing to rot that the harmful effect of seed vigor is had good practical value on producing.
2) the present invention has determined the safe water content of beach plum seed dry storage first, has established critical basis for the insemination and emergence rate that improves the shore plum, has very important using value.
3) the present invention has determined the front optimum moisture content in the husky Tibetan of beach plum seed first.During husky the Tibetan, the water content of seed and sand directly affects the lamination effect, seed germination is closely bound up with seed moisture content again, only have seed moisture content to reach or just can sprout during near saturation moisture content, therefore adopt wet seed and wet husky way of mixing, make the slowly suction sprouting in lamination of pretreated wet seed, have good effect to improving the Seed germination rate.
4) use method of the present invention, in the time of not only can improving the dry storage of shore dried plum, the storage rate of seed vigor, also can promote the emergence rate of sowing.
5) use method of the present invention, can accelerate to remove the dormancy of beach plum seed, sowing in time, be conducive to keep the germination vigor of seed, shorten the seedling-growing time of seed, improve the insemination and emergence rate, seedling is neat, be conducive to seedling to the equilibrium utilization of soil, moisture, nutrition and daylight, be conducive to cultivate strong sprout.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with concrete case.
Example 1: this method comprises the following steps, and each step has facilitation to emergence rate, and its sequencing can not be put upside down:
1) results: early September, adopt down after the plum fruit full maturity of shore.Fruit is soaked 12h in water, part water is removed in control, and according to the shore plum: water: the coarse sand volume ratio is to mix at 1: 1: 1.5, then rubs removal pulp with hand, and final rinse water is clean, obtains beach plum seed.
2) drying: the beach plum seed of results is shone 1 daytime (approximately 8h) under the sun, the In Shade drying of carrying out then, when seed moisture content reaches 20% left and right, in the ventilative kraft paper bag of packing into storage standby, about every bag of 500g.
3) seed selection: 60d before sowing, select thousand kernel weight greater than 200g, without damage by disease and insect, full beach plum seed.
4) seed soaking: the seed of choosing is placed on soaks 24h in clear water, the volume ratio of seed and water is 1: 3, makes seed moisture content reach 35% left and right.Change during this time water 2 times, remove the foreign material that soak out, increase the oxygen content of soak.
5) sterilization: soaked seed is placed in 1% clorox (NaClO) solution and sterilizes, seed and clorox mix by the volume ratio of 1: 1.5, and soak time is 15min.Sterile seed is released rinse 15min under water, then the moisture control of the surface of the seed is done.
6) the husky Tibetan: prepare a certain amount of thin river sand, make the water content of sand be about 60%; Seed and sand are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1: 3, in the venting bags of packing into, are placed in interior preservation of refrigerating chamber of 3～5 ℃; Duration of storage stirs weekly seed one time, checks, rejects the seed that goes rotten, and checks the water content of sand, makes it remain on 60% left and right.Take out after the husky 55d of Tibetan of seed low temperature and carry out field sowing.
7) sowing: carry out field sowing mid-February.Airing has been carried out ploughing deeply in the plot of sowing before the winter, every mu applies fertilizer 3000kg, rapeseed cake fertilizer 30kg and the 6kg thimet that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Shallow having turned over once again before sowing spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 30kg and thiophanate-methyl 100g.Adopt the method for drilling, sowing depth is 7.5cm, and spacing in the rows is 15cm, and line-spacing is 35cm.Spread the river sand of 4cm in the bar ditch.Cover again the thick straw of one deck 5cm or leaf after planting, water at last once permeable.
8) broadcast rear management: after planting 7d sprays a subsurface water, and 20d waters once permeable.
Example 2: the impact that sowing depth is emerged on beach plum seed
| The degree of depth/cm | Sowing number/grain | Average seedling-growing time/d | Emerge and count/grain | Emergence rate/% |
| 2.5 | 100 | 45.0 | 20 | 20 |
| 5 | 100 | 25.9 | 76 | 76 |
| 7.5 | 100 | 28.3 | 83 | 83 |
| 10 | 100 | 34.3 | 71 | 71 |
| 12.5 | 100 | 48.1 | 34 | 34 |
Result shows: sowing depth all has larger impact to average seedling-growing time and the emergence rate of beach plum seed.When sowing depth was 2.5cm, because earthing is more shallow, seed was very easily outside exposed, thereby caused the very easily dry dehydration of seed to lose vitality, and emergence rate is lower, so the sowing depth of shore plum should not be excessively shallow; And when sowing depth is 12.5cm, not only extended average seedling-growing time, and also reduced emergence rate, to sow and deeply can cause the seed anoxic, the difficulty that gets out ground strengthens, so the sowing depth of shore plum should not be excessively dark; When sowing depth was between 5cm～10cm, average seedling-growing time was all shorter, and emergence rate is all higher, and during 7.5cm, seedling-growing time is the shortest only a 28.3d, and emergence rate also is up to 83%.Therefore the field sowing degree of depth of beach plum seed is advisable with 5cm～10cm.
Example 3: the impact of husky Tibetan time of low temperature on the beach plum seed emergence rate
| Husky Tibetan time/d | Sowing number/grain | Average seedling-growing time/d | Emerge and count/grain | Emergence rate/% |
| 0 | 100 | 58.1 | 11 | 11 |
| 35 | 100 | 53.3 | 17 | 17 |
| 50 | 100 | 39.3 | 67 | 67 |
| 65 | 100 | 26.9 | 79 | 79 |
| 80 | 100 | 29.1 | 64 | 64 |
Result shows: all there is larger impact the husky Tibetan time of low temperature on average seedling-growing time and the emergence rate of beach plum seed.When the sand Tibetan time was 35d, average seedling-growing time and emergence rate were compared with the control without significant difference, and it is uneven to emerge; When the sand Tibetan time is 80d, average seedling-growing time with 65d without significant difference, but emergence rate has but reduced by 15%, this is mainly to hide overlong time and cause seed respiratory disorder and mildew and rot due to sand, causes seed vigor to descend rapidly; The husky Tibetan time, other processing were shorter relatively for the average seedling-growing time of beach plum seed, and emerge neatly when 50d～65d, and emergence rate is also higher.Therefore the suitableeest good storage time in the husky Tibetan of beach plum seed low temperature is the 65d left and right.
Claims (9)
1. method that improves beach plum seed insemination and emergence rate is characterized in that comprising that 1. following several contents gather in the crops; 2. dry; 3. seed selection; 4. seed soaking; 5. sterilization; 6. sand is hidden; 7. sowing; 8. broadcast rear management.
2. 1. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for obtaining of beach plum seed.Comprise and choose full ripe shore plum fruit, fruit is soaked 12h in water, shore plum: water: the coarse sand volume ratio is that mixing in 1: 1: 1.5 is rubbed, and rinses at last impurity elimination, obtains clean seed.
3. 2. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the determining of the drying means of beach plum seed and water content.With the first 8h that is exposed to the sun under the sun of the beach plum seed of results, then the In Shade drying of carrying out, when seed moisture content reaches 15%～25%, preserve standby in the ventilative kraft paper bag of can packing into.
4. 3. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the choosing of good beach plum seed.55d～70d before sowing selects thousand kernel weight greater than 200g, without damage by disease and insect, full beach plum seed.
5. 4. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the beach plum seed front pretreatment in husky Tibetan.The seed of choosing is placed on soaks 18h～36h in clear water, the volume ratio of seed and water is 1: 1～1: 3, makes seed moisture content 30%～40%.Change during this time water 2～3 times, in order to remove the foreign material that soak out.
6. 5. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the beach plum seed front sterilization in husky Tibetan.Soaked seed is placed in 1% clorox (NaClO) solution and soaks 15min～20min, seed and clorox mix by the volume ratio of 1: 1～1: 1.5.Sterile seed is rinsed 10min～15min under flowing water.
7. 6. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the sand of seed is hidden.Prepare a certain amount of thin river sand, the water content that makes sand is 55%～60%; Seed and sand are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1: 3～1: 5, with the lamination method of the husky one deck seed of one deck, in pack into ventilative sack or chest, are placed in the interior preservation of refrigerating chamber of 3～5 ℃; Duration of storage stirs weekly seed one time, checks to have or not mildew and rot seed, and checks the water content of sand, makes it remain on 55%～60%.Can take out after seed low temperature husky Tibetan 50d～65d and carry out field sowing.
8. 7. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: field sowing time and the method for beach plum seed.Generally carry out field sowing in mid or late Febuary.Airing must be ploughed deeply in the plot of sowing before the winter, every mu applies fertilizer 2000kg～4000kg, rapeseed cake fertilizer 30kg～50kg and the 5～7kg thimet that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Shallow turning over once again before sowing spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 30kg～50kg and thiophanate-methyl 100g～150g.Adopt the method for drilling, sowing depth is 5cm～10cm, and spacing in the rows is 15cm～25cm, and line-spacing is 30cm～50cm.Because the shore plum is psammophytes, so will spread the river sand of 3cm～5cm in the bar ditch.Cover the thick straw of one deck 3cm～5cm or leaf after planting again, be used for moisturizing, also can prevent cold in the late spring, the assurance seed is normally emerged.Water at last once permeable getting final product.
9. 8. content claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the field management after beach plum seed is broadcast.The after planting management of moisture is very crucial, and after planting 5～7d sprays a water, and 20d waters once permeable.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430760A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum |
| CN103718908A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-16 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for cultivating seedlings of prunus maritime root suckers |
| CN104380927A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Collection method of plum blossom seedling |
| CN105532270A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 金陵科技学院 | Beach plum scion grafting seedling culture method |
| CN107258141A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-20 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of germination method of plum blossom seed |
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| CN101138288A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2008-03-12 | 吴江市苗圃有限公司 | Artificial breeding method of beach plum seed |
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| CN101138288A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2008-03-12 | 吴江市苗圃有限公司 | Artificial breeding method of beach plum seed |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430760A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum |
| CN103430760B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-09-24 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-proof flower and fruit dual-purpose plum |
| CN103718908A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-16 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for cultivating seedlings of prunus maritime root suckers |
| CN103718908B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-03-04 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for cultivating seedlings of prunus maritime root suckers |
| CN104380927A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Collection method of plum blossom seedling |
| CN105532270A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 金陵科技学院 | Beach plum scion grafting seedling culture method |
| CN107258141A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-20 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of germination method of plum blossom seed |
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