CN109575049A - Iap蛋白的二价抑制剂和使用其的治疗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了IAP蛋白的抑制剂和含有其的组合物。还公开了使用IAP蛋白抑制剂治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病和病症如癌症的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年8月16日、发明名称为“IAP蛋白的二价抑制剂和使用其的治疗方法”的中国专利申请201380055219.5的分案申请。
政府资助
本发明是在美国国立卫生研究院授予的批准号CA127551和CA109025下在政府支持下做出的。美国政府在本发明中具有某些权利。
发明领域
本发明涉及细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂(IAPs)的二价抑制剂,并且涉及治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的病症和疾病的治疗方法。本抑制剂以非常高的亲和力结合IAP蛋白(包括cIAP1、cIAP2和XIAP)以诱导人癌细胞系中的细胞凋亡,以增强其他抗癌药物的抗肿瘤活性。
发明背景
细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡是对于体内平衡、正常发育、宿主防御和肿瘤发生的抑制关键的细胞过程。细胞凋亡的错误调控已经牵涉于多种人疾病(1),包括癌症(1),(3),并且现在认识到,对细胞凋亡的抵抗是癌症的标志(4)。作为结果,关键细胞凋亡调节剂的靶向已经成为用于开发人癌症治疗的新方法的一个有吸引力的策略(1)。
大部分目前的癌症疗法,包括化疗剂、放射和免疫疗法,间接诱导癌细胞中的细胞凋亡。因此,癌细胞由于正常细胞凋亡机制中的缺陷而无法执行细胞凋亡程序通常与对化疗、放射或免疫疗法诱导的细胞凋亡的抵抗增加相关。人癌症由于细胞凋亡缺陷而对目前疗法的此类原发性或获得性抗性是目前癌症疗法中的主要问题。
为了改善癌症患者的存活和生活质量,目前和未来在设计和开发新分子靶-特异性抗癌疗法的努力包括特异性地靶向对细胞凋亡抵抗的癌细胞的策略。在这方面,靶向在直接抑制癌细胞中的细胞凋亡方面起重要作用的负调节物代表了用于新抗癌药设计的非常有前途的治疗策略。
一类细胞凋亡的中心负调节剂是细胞凋亡蛋白(IAP)的抑制剂。这一类别包括蛋白例如XIAP、cIAP1、cIAP2、ML-IAP、HIAP、KIAP、TSIAP、NAIP、生存素、livin、ILP-2、apollon和BRUCE。IAP蛋白有效抑制相当多种细胞凋亡刺激(包括化疗剂、放射和免疫疗法)诱导的癌细胞细胞凋亡。
尽管它们的作用不限于细胞凋亡的调节(7),(8),IAP蛋白是一类关键细胞凋亡调节剂,并且特征在于一个或多个BIR(杆状病毒IAP重复)结构域的存在(5)-(6)。在IAP间,细胞IAP1(cIAP1)和cIAP2在死亡受体介导的细胞凋亡的调节中发挥关键作用,而X连锁的IAP(XIAP)通过结合和抑制胱天蛋白酶-3/7和胱天蛋白酶-9(对于执行细胞凋亡关键的三种半胱氨酸蛋白酶)抑制死亡受体介导的和线粒体介导的细胞凋亡(5)。这些IAP蛋白在癌细胞系和人肿瘤组织中都高度过表达,并且在正常细胞和组织中具有低表达(9)。广泛的研究已经表明,IAP蛋白的过表达使癌细胞抵抗多种抗癌药物的细胞凋亡诱导(10)-(12)。IAP蛋白和它们的作用的详细讨论是癌症,并且细胞凋亡记载于美国专利号7,960,372,其通过引用并入本文。因此,靶向这些IAP蛋白中的一种或多种是用于治疗人癌症的有希望的治疗策略(10)-(12)。
研究已经显示,基于肽的抑制剂是阐明IAP的抗细胞凋亡功能和IAP在癌细胞对化疗剂的响应方面的作用的有用工具。然而,基于肽的抑制剂作为有用的治疗剂具有内在局限性,包括细胞渗透性差和体内稳定性差。在公布的使用基于Smac的肽抑制剂的研究中,所述肽必须与载体肽融合以使其具有相对的细胞渗透性。
IAP蛋白的小分子抑制剂也是已知的。例如,美国专利公开申请号2005/0197403和美国专利号7,960,372公开了二聚的Smac模拟物化合物,各自以其整体通过引用并入本文。
尽管发现IAP蛋白的小分子抑制剂,但IAP蛋白的有效的非肽抑制剂的设计仍然是现代药物发现中的重大挑战。因此,在本领域中仍然存在对于具有允许抑制剂在治疗应用中使用的物理和药学特性的IAP抑制剂的需要。本发明提供了设计以结合至IAP蛋白并且抑制IAP蛋白活性的化合物。
发明概述
普遍接受的是,癌细胞或其支持细胞不能响应于遗传损害或对细胞凋亡诱导物(例如化疗剂和放射)的暴露而经历细胞凋亡是癌症发作和进展的主要因素。认为诱导癌细胞或其支持细胞(例如肿瘤脉管系统中的新血管细胞)中的细胞凋亡是实际上当今实践中的所有有效癌症治疗药和放射疗法的普遍作用机制。细胞不能经历细胞凋亡的一个原因是IAP的表达和积累的增加。
因此,本发明涉及IAP蛋白的抑制剂,涉及包含所述抑制剂的组合物,并且涉及在其中IAP蛋白活性的抑制提供益处的病症和疾病的治疗性处理中使用所述抑制剂的方法。本发明的化合物是IAP蛋白活化的有效抑制剂,并且诱导癌细胞的细胞凋亡。
附图简述
图1是平均肿瘤体积(mm3)vs.植入后天数的图,其显示裸鼠中的MDA-MB-231异种移植模型中实施例2和24的抗肿瘤活性。
更具体地,本发明涉及结构式(I)的化合物:
其中X选自
Y选自–NH-、-O-、–S-和不存在;
R选自其中环A是C4-8脂族环、 其中B环是芳基或含氮原子的杂芳基,且B环是任选取代的;且R1选自-(CH2)4-10-、-(CH2)1-3CH=CH-(CH2)1-3-、其中Z是O、S或NH和其中n是0、1或2,且其中B环是芳基或含氮原子的杂芳基,且环是任选取代的;
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物或前药。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了抑制IAP蛋白的活性且增加细胞对细胞凋亡的诱导物(例如化疗剂和放射治疗)的敏感性的化合物。
在其他实施方案中,本发明化合物用于诱导细胞的细胞凋亡且使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感的方法中。
在再另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了通过将治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物施用于有需要的个体而治疗病症或疾病的方法。感兴趣的疾病或病症例如癌症通过IAP蛋白的抑制是可治疗的。因此,本发明化合物可用于治疗和改善对细胞凋亡性细胞死亡的诱导响应的疾病,例如特征在于细胞凋亡的失调的疾病,包括过度增殖性疾病,诸如癌症。在某些实施方案中,化合物可以用于治疗和改善特征在于对癌症疗法的耐受性(例如为化学耐受性、放射耐受性、激素耐受性等)的癌症。在其他实施方案中,本发明化合物可以用于治疗特征在于IAP的过表达的过度增殖性疾病。
本发明的另一个实施方案是提供组合物,所述组合物包含(a)结构式(I)的IAP抑制剂和(b)赋形剂和/或药学上可接受的载体,其可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在治疗个体的其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的方法中利用组合物,所述组合物包含结构式(I)的化合物和第二治疗活性剂。
在一个进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了包含结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和任选的第二治疗剂的组合物用于制备治疗感兴趣的疾病或病症(例如,癌症)的药物的用途。
本发明的再另一个实施方案是提供用于人类药物用途的药剂盒,所述药剂盒包含(a)容器,(b1)包装的组合物,其包含结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂,和任选地(b2)包装的组合物,其包含可用于治疗感兴趣的疾病或病症的第二治疗剂,和(c)包装插页,其含有用于在疾病或病症的治疗中使用所述组合物或组合物(同时或相继施用)的说明。
结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂可以一起作为单一的单位剂量或分开作为多单位剂量施用,其中结构式(I)的IAP抑制剂在第二治疗剂之前施用,或反之亦然。设想可以施用一个或多个剂量的结构式(I)的IAP抑制剂和/或一个或多个剂量的第二治疗剂。
在一个实施方案中,结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂同时施用。在相关实施方案中,结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂从单一组合物或从分开的组合物施用。在一个进一步实施方案中,结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂相继施用。如在本发明中使用的结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂可以每个剂量约0.005至约500毫克的量、每个剂量约0.05至约250毫克的量、或每个剂量约0.5至约100毫克的量而施用。
优选实施方案的详述
结合优选的实施方案来说明本发明。然而,应当理解的是,本发明不限于公开的实施方案。应当理解的是,考虑到在此的本发明的实施方案的说明,本领域技术人员可以作出各种修改。此类修改被以下权利要求涵盖。
Smac/DIABLO(胱天蛋白酶的第二线粒体衍生的活化剂或具有低PI的直接IAP结合蛋白)是响应于细胞凋亡刺激从线粒体释放的蛋白,并且充当cIAP1、cIAP2和XIAP的内源抑制剂(14),(15)。Smac和IAP之间的相互作用通过Smac中的N末端AVPI四肽基序和这些IAP蛋白中的一个或多个BIR结构域介导(16),(17)。Smac是同型二聚体,其结合XIAP中的BIR2和BIR3结构域两者,并且拮抗XIAP对胱天蛋白酶-3/-7和胱天蛋白酶-9的抑制(18)。相比之下,Smac仅结合cIAP1和cIAP2中的BIR3结构域(19),并且诱导细胞中的快速蛋白降解(20)。通过两种不同的机制,Smac是这三种IAP蛋白的非常有效的拮抗剂。
与Smac蛋白或Smac肽复合的XIAP BIR3的晶体和NMR结构显示Smac中的AVPI四肽基序结合XIAP中的充分定义的表面凹槽,并且这种相互作用代表用于设计小分子XIAP抑制剂的有吸引力的位点(16)-(18)。通过使用AVPI四肽作为前导结构,已经设计几类小分子Smac模拟物作为XIAP和cIAP1/2的拮抗剂(21)-(38)。已经设计了两种不同类型的Smac模拟物(21)-(23)。被设计成模拟单一AVPI结合基序的第一种类型被称为单价Smac模拟物(21)-(23)。第二种类型,二价Smac模拟物,由通过接头拴系的两个AVPI模拟物组成,以模拟Smac蛋白的二聚体形式(21)-(23)。
单价Smac模拟物作为潜在药物的一个优点是口服生物利用度,但缺点是在功能测定中拮抗全长XIAP的温和效力。二价Smac模拟物的主要优点是,它们通过同时靶向XIAP中的BIR2和BIR3结构域两者而是比单价Smac模拟物有效得多的XIAP拮抗剂(30)。二价Smac模拟物在诱导癌细胞的细胞凋亡方面的功效通常比它们的单价Smac模拟物对应物高2-3个数量级(21)。当前,三种单价和两种二价Smac模拟物已进入临床试验,用于治疗人癌症(21)。
因为二价Smac模拟物在靶向XIAP和cIAP1/2、诱导癌细胞在体外和体内的细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤生长的方面比单价Smac模拟物显著更有效的,所以已经设计本二价化合物用于癌症治疗和治疗通过IAP蛋白活性介导的其他疾病和病症。
本文使用的术语“IAP蛋白”是指细胞凋亡蛋白家族抑制剂中的任何已知成员,包括,但不限于XIAP、cIAP-1、cIAP-2、ML-IAP、HIAP、TSIAP、KIAP、NAIP、生存素、livin、ILP-2、apollon和BRUCE。
本文使用的术语“IAP过表达”是指细胞中与表达编码IAP蛋白的mRNA基础水平或具有IAP蛋白基础水平的类似相应非病态细胞相比,编码IAP蛋白的mRNA水平升高(例如异常水平)和/或IAP蛋白的水平升高。用于检测细胞中编码IAP蛋白的mRNA水平或IAP蛋白水平的方法包括,但不限于使用IAP蛋白抗体的蛋白印迹、免疫组织化学法和核酸扩增或直接RNA检测法。与细胞中IAP蛋白的绝对水平同样重要的是测定它们过表达IAP蛋白,所以还有此类细胞内IAP蛋白与其他促细胞凋亡信号传导分子(例如促细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白)相比的相对水平。当这两者的平衡使得,如果其不是用于IAP蛋白水平,促细胞凋亡信号传导分子将足以引起细胞执行细胞凋亡程序并且死亡时,所述细胞将依赖于IAP蛋白而存活。在此类细胞中,暴露于抑制有效量的IAP蛋白抑制剂将足以引起细胞执行细胞凋亡程序并且死亡。因此,术语“IAP蛋白的过表达”还指由于促细胞凋亡信号和抗-细胞凋亡信号的相对水平而导致细胞响应于抑制IAP蛋白功能的抑制有效量的化合物而经受细胞凋亡。
术语“其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症”涉及其中IAP蛋白、和/或IAP蛋白的作用例如对于该疾病或病症的发作、进展、表现重要或必需的病症,或者已知通过IAP蛋白抑制剂治疗的疾病或病症。此类病症的实例包括但不限于癌症。本领域普通技术人员能够易于例如通过可以便利地用来评价特定化合物的活性的测定而确定化合物是否治疗针对任何特定细胞类型的由IAP蛋白介导的疾病或病症。
术语“第二治疗剂”是指不同于结构式(I)的IAP抑制剂的且已知治疗感兴趣的疾病或病症的治疗剂。例如,当癌症是感兴趣的疾病或病症时,第二治疗剂可以是例如已知的化疗药(像紫杉酚)或放射。
术语“疾病”或“病症”表示紊乱和/或异常,所述紊乱和/或异常通常被认为是病理状态或功能,并且可以将它们自己表现为特定体征、症状、和/或功能障碍的形式。如以下所证明,结构式(I)的化合物是IAP蛋白的有效抑制剂,并且可以用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病和病症。
如本文使用的术语“治疗”(“treat”)、“治疗”(“treating”)、“治疗”(“treatment”)等是指消除、减少、或改善疾病或病症、和/或与其相关的症状。虽然未排除,但治疗疾病或病症不要求将该疾病、病症或与其相关的症状完全消除。如本文使用的术语“治疗”(“treat”)、“治疗”(“treating”)、“治疗”(“treatment”)等可以包括“预防性治疗”,“预防性治疗”是指在不具有疾病或病症、但处于重新发展疾病或病症或复发该疾病或病症的风险中或者易于重新发展疾病或病症或复发该疾病或病症的受试者中,降低疾病或病症的重新发展或者先前控制的疾病或病症的复发的可能性。术语“治疗”和同义词考虑将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物施用于需要此类治疗的个体。
在本发明的意义内,“治疗”还包括复发预防或阶段预防,以及急性或慢性体征、症状和/或功能障碍的治疗。治疗可以根据症状定向,例如,以抑制症状。它可以经过短的时期实现,经中等时期定向,或例如在维持疗法的背景下可以是长期治疗。
如本文使用的术语“致敏(sensitize)”和“致敏(sensitizing)”是指通过施用第一治疗剂(例如结构式I的化合物)使动物或动物内的细胞对第二活性剂的生物作用(例如促进或阻滞细胞功能的方面,包括,但不限于细胞分裂、细胞生长、增殖、侵袭、血管发生或细胞凋亡)更敏感或更响应。可以将第一试剂对靶细胞的致敏效应作为在与和不与第一试剂的施用一起施用第二试剂后观察到的指定生物作用(例如促进或阻滞细胞功能的方面,包括,但不限于细胞生长、增殖、侵袭、血管发生或细胞凋亡)的差异来测量。致敏细胞的响应可以比在没有第一试剂存在下的响应增加至少10%,至少20%,至少30%,至少40%,至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,至少90%,至少100%,至少150%,至少200%,至少350%,至少300%,至少350%,至少400%,至少450%或至少500%。
如本文使用的术语“过度增殖性疾病”是指动物中的增殖细胞的局限化群体不受通常的正常生长限制的任何病症。过度增殖性疾病的实例包括但不限于肿瘤、赘生物、淋巴瘤等。如果赘生物未经历侵袭或转移,那么认为赘生物为良性的;如果这两种情况中发生一种,那么认为是恶性的。“转移”细胞意指细胞可以侵入和破坏附近的身体结构。增生是细胞增殖的一种形式,其涉及组织或器官中的细胞数量增加,而结构或功能没有显著改变。组织变形是受控细胞生长的一种形式,其中一种类型的完全分化细胞取代另一种类型的分化细胞。
活化淋巴样细胞的病理性生长通常导致自身免疫性疾病或慢性炎症疾病。如本文使用的术语“自身免疫性疾病”是指其中生物体产生识别生物体自身分子、细胞或组织的抗体或免疫细胞的任何疾病。自身免疫性疾病的非限制性实例包括自身免疫性溶血性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、贝格尔病或IgA肾病、口炎性腹泻、慢性疲乏综合征、克罗恩病、皮肌炎、纤维肌痛、移植物抗宿主病、格雷夫斯病、桥本甲状腺炎、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、扁平苔癣、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、银屑病、风湿热、风湿性关节炎、硬皮病、斯耶格伦综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、1型糖尿病、溃疡性结肠炎、白癜风等。
如本文使用的术语“肿瘤性疾病”是指为良性(非癌性)或恶性(癌性)的任何异常细胞生长。
如本文使用的术语“抗肿瘤剂”是指阻滞被靶向的(例如恶性)赘生物增殖、生长或扩散的任何化合物。
如本文使用的术语“细胞凋亡调节剂”是指参与细胞凋亡的调节(例如,抑制、减少、增加、促进)的试剂。细胞凋亡调节剂的实例包括包含死亡结构域的蛋白,例如但不限于Fas/CD95、TRAMP、TNF RI、DR1、DR2、DR3、DR4、DR5、DR6、FADD和RIP。细胞凋亡调节剂的其他实例包括但不限于,TNFα、Fas配体、针对Fas/CD95和其他TNF家族受体的抗体、TRAIL(亦称为Apo2配体或Apo2L/TRAIL)、TRAIL-R1或TRAIL-R2的激动剂(例如,单克隆或多克隆激动抗体)、Bcl-2、p53、BAX、BAD、Akt、CAD、PI3激酶、PP1和胱天蛋白酶蛋白。调节剂广泛地包括TNF家族受体和TNF家族配体的激动剂和拮抗剂。细胞凋亡调节剂可以是可溶性的或膜结合的(例如配体或受体)。优选的细胞凋亡调节剂是细胞凋亡诱导物,例如TNF或TNF相关的配体,尤其是TRAMP配体、Fas/CD95配体、TNFR-1配体或TRAIL。
如本文使用的术语“细胞凋亡的失调”是指细胞通过细胞凋亡经历细胞死亡(例如倾向性)的能力的任何异常。细胞凋亡的失调与各种状况相关或由它们诱导,所述状况包括:例如自身免疫性疾病(例如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、移植物抗宿主病、重症肌无力或斯耶格伦综合征)、慢性炎症状况(例如银屑病、哮喘或克罗恩病)、过度增殖性疾病(例如肿瘤、B细胞淋巴瘤或T细胞淋巴瘤)、病毒感染(例如疱疹、乳头瘤或HIV)和其他状况,例如骨关节炎和动脉粥样硬化。应注意,当所述失调由病毒感染诱导或与之相关时,在发生或观察到失调时可检测到病毒感染,或可检测不到病毒感染。即病毒-诱导的失调甚至可在病毒感染症状消失后发生。
如本文使用的术语“治疗有效量”或“有效剂量”是指当通过本发明的方法施用时足以将用于治疗感兴趣的病症或疾病的一种或多种活性成分有效地递送至有需要的个体的一种或多种活性成分的量。在癌症或其他增殖失调的情况下,治疗有效量的药剂可以减少(即,在一定程度上延迟并且优选终止)不需要的细胞增殖;减少癌细胞的数目;减小肿瘤大小;抑制(即,在一定程度上延迟并且优选终止)癌细胞浸润入外周器官;抑制(即,在一定程度上延迟并且优选终止)肿瘤转移;在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长;减少IAP蛋白在靶细胞中的信号传导增加存活时间;和/或在一定程度上使一种或多种与癌症相关的症状减轻至少5%、优选至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、或100%。在施用的化合物或组合物防止存在的癌细胞的生长和/或杀死存在的癌细胞的程度上,它可以是细胞抑制性的和/或细胞毒性的。
术语“容器”(“container”)意指任何适用于储存、装运、分配、和/或操作药物产品的容器和其封盖。
术语“插页”意指伴随药物产品的信息,该信息提供如何施用该产品的说明,连同允许医师、药剂师、和患者做出关于该产品的使用方面的知情决定所需要的安全性和有效性数据。包装插页通常被认为是用于药物产品的“标记”。
“同步施用”、“联合施用”、“同时施用”和类似短语意指同时将两种或更多种药剂施用于所治疗的受试者。“同时地”意指同时地或在不同的时间点以任何顺序相继施用每种药剂。然而,如果不是同时施用,则意指它们是按顺序并且在时间上足够接近地施用于个体,以便提供所希望的治疗效果并且可以协同地起作用。例如,可以与第二治疗剂在相同的时间或在不同的时间点以任何顺序相继施用结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂。可以任何适当形式并且通过任何适合的途径分开施用本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂。当本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂不是同时施用时,应当理解的是,它们可以任何顺序施用于有需要的受试者。例如,本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可以在第二治疗剂治疗方式(例如,放射疗法)的施用之前(例如,之前5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周、或12周)、与第二治疗剂治疗方式的施用伴随性地、或在第二治疗剂治疗方式的施用之后(例如,之后5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周、或12周)施用于有需要的个体。在各个实施方案中,结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂和第二治疗剂间隔1分钟、间隔10分钟、间隔30分钟、间隔小于1小时、间隔1小时、间隔1小时至2小时、间隔2小时至3小时、间隔3小时至4小时、间隔4小时至5小时、间隔5小时至6小时、间隔6小时至7小时、间隔7小时至8小时、间隔8小时至9小时、间隔9小时至10小时、间隔10小时至11小时、间隔11小时至12小时、间隔不多于24小时或间隔不多于48小时施用。在一个实施方案中,联合治疗的组分间隔1分钟至24小时施用。
在描述本发明的背景下(尤其是在权利要求的背景下),术语“一种/一个”(“a”、“an”)、“该”(“the”)和类似的指示词的使用应当理解为覆盖单数和复数两者,除非另有说明。除非在此另有说明,在此的值的范围的陈述仅仅旨在充当单个引用落入范围内的每个单独值的快捷方法,并且每个单独值并入本说明书中,如同将其在此单独列举。在此提供的任何和所有的实例或示例性语言(诸如,“例如”)的使用旨在更好地说明本发明,而不是对本发明的范围的限制,除非另外要求保护。在说明书中没有任何语言应被理解为指示任何未要求保护的对本发明的实践必不可少的要素。
本发明涉及结构式(I)的化合物,其是Smac的模拟物,并且作为IAP蛋白抑制剂发挥作用。本发明化合物使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感,并且在某些情况下,其自身通过抑制IAP蛋白诱导细胞凋亡。因此,本发明涉及使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感的方法和诱导细胞中细胞凋亡的方法,其包括使所述细胞与单独或与细胞凋亡诱导物组合的结构式I的化合物接触。本发明进一步涉及治疗或改善动物中响应于细胞凋亡的诱导的疾病的方法,其包括向所述动物施用结构式I的化合物和细胞凋亡诱导物。此类疾病包括特征在于细胞凋亡的失调的疾病和特征在于IAP蛋白的过表达的疾病。
本发明涉及IAP蛋白的有效抑制剂。本IAP蛋白抑制剂是以低至亚纳摩尔亲和力结合XIAP、cIAP1和cIAP2的非肽类二价Smac模拟物,并且在无细胞功能测定中高效拮抗XIAP。本发明化合物在低浓度有效诱导癌细胞中cIAP1和cIAP2的降解,活化胱天蛋白酶-3和-8,并裂解PARP。本发明化合物在抑制MDA-MB-231和SK-OV-3细胞系两者中的细胞生长中具有低IC50。
因此本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可用于治疗需要此类治疗的受试者中的不需要的增殖细胞(包括癌症和癌前期)。还提供了治疗具有不需要的增殖细胞的受试者的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物施用于需要此类治疗的受试者。还提供了预防受试者中不需要的增殖细胞的增殖(例如癌症和癌前期)的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物施用于处于发展特征在于不需要的增殖细胞的病症的风险中的受试者的步骤。在一些实施例中,结构式(I)的化合物通过诱导那些细胞中的凋亡而减少不需要的细胞的增殖。
本发明涉及具有结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂:
其中X选自
Y选自–NH-、-O-、–S-和不存在;
R选自其中环A是C4-8脂族环、 其中B环是芳基或含氮原子的杂芳基,且B环是任选取代的;且R1选自-(CH2)4-10-、-(CH2)1-3CH=CH-(CH2)1-3-,、其中Z是O、S或NH和其中n是0、1或2,且其中B环是芳基或含氮原子的杂芳基,且环是任选取代的;
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、或前药。
如本文使用的术语“C4-8脂族环”是指未取代或被1至3个基团(例如,C1-4烷基、卤素、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、烷基氨基或氨基)取代的环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。
如本文使用的术语“烷基”是指直链和支链饱和的C1-10烃基,其非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基和直链和支链的丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基和癸基。术语Cn意指烷基具有“n”个碳原子。
术语“C3-6亚环烷基”是指具有3至6个碳原子的二取代的环烷烃,例如,“C3-6亚环烷基”可以是未取代的,或被1至3个基团取代的,所述基团例如,C1-4烷基、卤素、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、烷基氨基或氨基。
术语“烯基”与“烷基”相同定义,除了含有碳-碳双键,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、和丁烯基。
如本文使用的术语“卤素(halo)”被定义为氟、氯、溴、和碘。
术语“羟基”被定义为-OH。
术语“烷氧基”被定义为-OR,其中R是烷基。
术语“氨基”被定义为-NH2,并且术语“烷基氨基”被定义为-NR2,其中至少一个R是烷基并且第二个R是烷基或氢。
术语“硝基”被定义为-NO2。
术语“氰基”被定义为-CN。
术语“三氟甲基”被定义为-CF3。
术语“三氟甲氧基”被定义为-OCF3。
如本文使用的术语“芳基”是指单环或多环的芳香基团,优选是单环或二环的芳香基团,例如苯基或萘基。除非另有说明,芳基基团可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个并且特别是一个至四个独立选自以下的基团取代:例如,卤素、烷基、烯基、-OCF3、-NO2、-CN、-NC、-OH、烷氧基、氨基、烷基氨基、-CO2H、-CO2烷基、炔基、环烷基、硝基、巯基、亚氨基、酰胺基、膦酸酯、亚膦酸酯、甲硅烷基、烷硫基、磺酰基、磺酰胺、醛、杂环烷基、三氟甲基、芳基和杂芳基。
如本文使用的术语“杂芳基”是指含有一个或两个芳香环并且在一个芳香环中含有至少一个且至多四个氮原子的单环或二环的环系统。除非另有说明,杂芳基基团可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个并且特别是一个至四个选自以下的取代基取代:例如,卤素、烷基、烯基、-OCF3、-NO2、-CN、-NC、-OH、烷氧基、氨基、烷基氨基、-CO2H、-CO2烷基、炔基、环烷基、硝基、巯基、亚氨基、酰胺基、膦酸酯、亚膦酸酯、甲硅烷基、烷硫基、磺酰基、磺酰胺、醛、杂环烷基、三氟甲基、芳基和杂芳基。
术语“亚芳基”是指键合至两个其他基团并用于连接这些基团的二齿芳基,例如,类似地定义术语“亚杂芳基”。
芳基的非限制性实例是
杂芳基的非限制性实例是
结构式(I)的化合物抑制IAP蛋白,并且可用于治疗各种疾病和病症。具体而言,结构式(I)的化合物用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症(例如,癌症、自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎性病症)的方法中。该方法包括将治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物施用于有需要的个体。除了结构式(I)的化合物之外,本发明的方法还涵盖将第二治疗剂施用于个体。该第二治疗剂选自已知可用于治疗折磨有需要的个体的疾病或病症的药物,例如已知可用于治疗特定癌症的化疗剂和/或放射。
在一些优选的实施方案中,B环是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基。
在一些优选的实施方案中,R包括,但不限于:
其中p是0至4, 其中q是0至2,和–(CH2)2-4-C6H5。
具体R基团包括,但不限于:
在一些优选的实施方案中,R1是,但不限于-(CH2)4-8-,,-(CH2)4-8-,-(CH2)1-2-CH=CH-(CH2)1-2-,其中n是0或1。
具体R1基团包括但不限于,-(CH2)4-,-(CH2)6-,-(CH2)8-,
在一些优选的实施方案中,X是且Y是–NH-。
在其他优选的实施方案中,X是SO2,且Y不存在。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,X是且Y不存在。
在又一个优选的实施方案中,X是且Y是–NH-。
在又一个优选的实施方案中,X和X'是且Y是–O-。
另外,本发明化合物的盐、水合物、溶剂化物和前药也被包含在本发明中,并且可以用于在此公开的方法中。本发明进一步包括结构式(I)的化合物的所有可能的立体异构体和几何异构体。本发明包括外消旋化合物和旋光异构体两者。当希望结构式(I)的化合物为单一的对映异构体时,它可以通过最终产物的拆分或通过从同分异构纯的起始材料或使用手性助剂进行的立体定向合成而获得,例如,参见Z.Ma等人,Tetrahedron:Asymmetry,8(6),pages883-888(1997)。最终产物、中间体或起始材料的拆分可以通过任何本领域中已知的适合的方法实现。另外,在结构式(I)的化合物的互变异构体是可能的情况下,本发明旨在包括所述化合物的所有互变异构形式。
本发明的化合物可以作为盐存在。本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐常常在本发明的方法中是优选的。如本文使用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指在目标动物(例如,哺乳动物)中生理上耐受的本发明的化合物的任何盐(例如,通过与酸或碱反应获得)。本发明的化合物的盐可衍生自无机或有机酸和碱。术语“药学上可接受的盐”也是指结构式(I)的化合物的两性离子形式。式(I)的化合物的盐可以在化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中制备,或者分开地通过使化合物与具有适合阳离子的酸发生反应而制备。结构式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以是与药学上可接受的酸形成的酸加成盐。可以采用以形成药学上可接受的盐的酸的实例包括无机酸(例如硝酸、硼酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、和磷酸)和有机酸(例如草酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、和柠檬酸)。本发明的化合物的盐的非限制性实例包括但不限于盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、2-羟乙磺酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、甲酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、水杨酸盐、甲磺酸盐、均三甲苯磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、三氯乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、磷酸盐、谷氨酸盐、碳酸氢盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、乳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、和对甲苯磺酸盐。碱的实例包括,但不限于碱金属(例如钠)氢氧化物、碱土金属(例如镁)氢氧化物、氨和式NW4 +的化合物,其中W为C1-4烷基,等。另外,可以使存在于本发明的化合物中的可用的氨基基团与甲基、乙基、丙基、和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;二甲基、二乙基、二丁基、和二戊基的硫酸盐;癸基、十二基、肉豆寇基、和甾基(steryl)的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及苄基和苯乙基的溴化物发生季铵化。
结构式(I)的化合物可以含有一个或多个不对称中心,因此可以作为立体异构体存在。本发明包括混合物和个别立体异构体两者。具体而言,结构式(I)的化合物包括个别顺式和反式异构体以及顺式和反式异构体的混合物,例如,
如本文使用的术语“前药”是指需要在目标生理系统内发生生物转化(例如自发或酶促)以将前药释放或转化(例如通过酶促、生理、机械、电磁方式)成活性药物的母体“药物”分子的药学上无活性的衍生物。设计前药以克服与稳定性、毒性、缺乏特异性或有限的生物利用度相关的问题。
前药通常提供在哺乳动物体内溶解度、组织相容性或延缓释放的优点(参见例如Bundgard,"Design of Prodrugs",pp.7-9,21-24,Elsevier,Amsterdam(1985);和Silverman,"The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action",pp.352-401,Academic Press,San Diego,CA(1992))。示例性前药包含活性药物分子自身和化学掩蔽基团(例如可逆地抑制所述药物活性的基团)。一些优选的前药是具有在代谢条件下可裂解的基团的化合物的变型或衍生物。示例性前药当它们在生理条件下经历溶剂解或进行酶促降解或其他生物化学转化(例如磷酸化、氢化、脱氢、糖基化)时在体内或体外变成具有药学活性。常用的前药包括酸衍生物,例如通过使母体酸与合适的醇(例如低级链烷醇)反应制备的酯类,通过使母体酸化合物与胺反应制备的酰胺类,或反应以形成酰化的碱衍生物的碱性基团(例如低级烷基酰胺)。
本发明的具体化合物包括但不限于具有下文列出的结构的化合物。
本发明提供了如由结构式(I)的化合物所例举的IAP蛋白抑制剂,其用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制具有有益效果的多种疾病和病症。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及治疗患有其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的个体的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物施用于有需要的个体。
本IAP蛋白抑制剂满足了对治疗多种癌症类型的需求,无论是当作为单一疗法施用以在依赖于IAP功能的癌细胞中诱导细胞凋亡时,还是当与其他抗癌治疗以时间关系施用,以使得与仅单独使用癌症治疗药或放疗治疗的动物中相应比例的细胞相比,更大比例的癌细胞易于执行细胞凋亡程序。
如本文使用的术语“抗癌治疗”是指用于治疗过度增殖性疾病,例如哺乳动物中的癌症的治疗剂(例如化疗化合物和/或分子治疗化合物)、放疗和手术干预。
本发明的方法可以通过将结构式(I)的化合物作为纯净的化合物或作为药物组合物施用来完成。药物组合物或结构式(I)的纯净的化合物的施用可以在感兴趣的疾病或病症期间或发作之后进行。通常,药物组合物是灭菌的,并且不含有当施用时会引起不良反应的有毒的、致癌的或致突变的化合物。进一步提供了药剂盒,所述药剂盒包含:结构式(I)的化合物和任选地可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病和病症的第二治疗剂(两者分开或一起包装)、以及具有用于使用这些活性剂的说明的插页。
在许多实施方案中,结构式(I)的化合物连同可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的第二治疗剂施用。该第二治疗剂不同于结构式(I)的化合物。结构式(I)的化合物和第二治疗剂可以同时或相继施用以实现所希望的效果。另外,结构式(I)的化合物和第二治疗剂可以从单一组合物或两种分开的组合物施用。
第二治疗剂以提供其所希望的治疗效果的量而施用。对于各第二治疗剂的有效剂量范围在本领域中是已知的,并且第二治疗剂在该确立范围之内施用于有需要的个体。
在某些实施方案中,与用单独的结构式(I)的化合物或第二治疗剂的治疗相比,包括施用治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物和第二治疗剂的组合治疗产生更大肿瘤应答和更大临床益处。
结构式(I)的化合物也可以用于实现施用更低、因此毒性更小且更可耐受的剂量的第二治疗剂,以产生与常规剂量的第二治疗剂相同的肿瘤应答/临床益处。此外,因为本发明的化合物至少部分通过抑制IAP蛋白起作用,所以使癌细胞和支持细胞暴露于治疗有效量的本IAP蛋白抑制剂可以在时间上联系以便与使细胞响应于第二治疗剂而执行细胞凋亡程序的尝试一致。因此,在一些实施方案中,以某些时间关系施用本发明的化合物连同第二治疗剂尤其提供了有效的治疗结果。
因此,结构式(I)的化合物和第二治疗剂可以一起作为单一的单位剂量或分开地作为多单位剂量施用,其中结构式(I)的化合物在第二治疗剂之前施用,或反之亦然。可以施用一个或多个剂量的结构式(I)的化合物和/或一个或多个剂量的第二治疗剂。因此,结构式(I)的化合物因此可以与一种或多种第二治疗剂(例如但不限于抗癌剂)联合使用。
可以根据本发明治疗的疾病或病症包括例如癌症。可以治疗多种癌症,包括但不限于:癌,包括膀胱癌(包括加速性和转移性膀胱癌)、乳癌、结肠癌(包括结肠直肠癌)、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌以及肺腺癌)、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、淋巴系统癌、直肠癌、喉癌、胰腺癌(包括外分泌源性胰腺癌)、食道癌、胃癌、胆囊癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、肾脏癌、和皮肤癌(包括鳞状细胞癌);淋巴系的造血肿瘤,包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、B细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、毛细胞淋巴瘤、组织细胞性淋巴瘤、和伯基特淋巴瘤;骨髓系的造血肿瘤,包括急性和慢性骨髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、髓细胞性白血病、和早幼粒细胞白血病;中枢和周围神经系统的肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、成神经细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、和神经鞘瘤;间充质起源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、和骨肉瘤;以及其他肿瘤,包括黑色素瘤、着色性干皮病(xenoderma pigmentosum)、角化棘皮瘤(keratoactanthoma)、精原细胞瘤、甲状腺滤泡癌、畸胎癌、肾细胞癌(RCC)、胰腺癌、骨髓瘤、髓细胞性和成淋巴细胞性白血病、成神经细胞瘤、和胶质母细胞瘤。
由本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可治疗的癌症的另外形式包括例如,成人和儿科肿瘤、实体瘤/恶性肿瘤的生长、粘液细胞和圆细胞癌、局部晚期肿瘤、转移癌、人软组织肉瘤(包括尤因肉瘤)、癌转移(包括淋巴转移)、鳞状细胞癌(特别是头和颈部的)、食管鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、血细胞恶性肿瘤(包括多发性骨髓瘤、白血病(包括急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性非淋巴细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、慢性髓细胞性白血病、和毛细胞白血病))、渗出性淋巴瘤(基于体腔的淋巴瘤)、胸腺淋巴瘤肺癌(包括小细胞癌)、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肾上腺皮质癌、产ACTH的肿瘤、非小细胞癌、乳癌(包括小细胞癌和导管癌)、胃肠癌(包括胃癌、结肠癌、结肠直肠癌、和与结肠直肠瘤形成相关的息肉)、胰腺癌、肝癌、泌尿系统癌(包括膀胱癌,例如原发性浅表膀胱肿瘤、浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌、和肌层浸润性膀胱癌)、前列腺癌、女性生殖道的恶性肿瘤(包括卵巢癌、原发性腹膜上皮瘤、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、子宫癌和卵泡中的实体瘤)、男性生殖道恶性肿瘤(包括睾丸癌和阴茎癌)、肾癌(包括肾细胞癌,脑癌(包括内在脑肿瘤(intrinsic braintumor)、成神经细胞瘤、星形细胞性脑肿瘤、神经胶质瘤、和中枢神经系统中的转移性肿瘤细胞浸润)、骨癌(包括骨瘤和骨肉瘤)、皮肤癌(包括恶性黑色素瘤、人皮肤角质形成细胞的肿瘤进展、和鳞状细胞癌)、甲状腺癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、成神经细胞瘤、腹腔积液、恶性胸腔积液、间皮瘤、维尔姆斯瘤、胆囊癌、滋养细胞肿瘤、血管外皮细胞瘤、和卡波西肉瘤。
本发明的另一个实施方案是通过使用结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂诱导细胞凋亡并且增强响应于细胞凋亡诱导信号的细胞凋亡的诱导。本IAP蛋白抑制剂还使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感,包括对此类诱导物抵抗的细胞。本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可以用于诱导可以通过诱导细胞凋亡进行治疗、改善或预防的任何疾病中的细胞凋亡。因此,本发明提供了用于靶向特征为过表达IAP蛋白的动物的组合物和方法。在一些实施方案中,所述细胞(例如癌细胞)与非病理性样品(例如非癌细胞)相比显示IAP蛋白的表达水平升高。在其他实施方案中,所述细胞凭借响应于治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物执行细胞凋亡程序和死亡而可操作地表现出IAP蛋白的表达水平升高,所述响应至少部分由于此类细胞中其存活对IAP蛋白功能的依赖性而导致。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及调节细胞凋亡相关的状态,该状态与一种或多种细胞凋亡调节剂有关。细胞凋亡调节剂的实例包括但不限于Fas/CD95、TRAMP、TNF RI、DR1、DR2、DR3、DR4、DR5、DR6、FADD、RIP、TNFα、Fas配体、TRAIL、TRAIL-RI或TRAIL-R2的抗体、Bcl-2、p53、BAX、BAD、Akt、CAD、PI3激酶、PP1和胱天蛋白酶蛋白。还包括参与细胞凋亡的引发、决定和退化阶段的其他试剂。细胞凋亡调节剂的实例包括其活性、存在或浓度改变可以调节受试者的细胞凋亡的试剂。优选的细胞凋亡调节剂是细胞凋亡诱导物,例如TNF或TNF相关的配体,尤其是TRAMP配体、Fas/CD95配体、TNFR-1配体或TRAIL。
这些治疗可以用于多种设置中用于治疗各种癌症。在一个具体实施方案中,需要治疗的个体先前已经经历针对癌症的治疗。此类先前治疗包括,但不限于,先前化疗、放疗、手术或免疫治疗,例如癌症疫苗。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗癌症的方法,其包括:(a)向有需要的个体施用治疗有效量的结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂;和(b)向个体施用治疗有效量的放疗、化疗和免疫治疗中的一种或多种。施用的量各自对于治疗癌症是有效的。在另一个实施方案中,所述量一起对于治疗癌症是有效的。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的个体施用包含结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂的药物组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本IAP蛋白抑制剂用于治疗以下疾病的方法中:T和B细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病;炎性疾病;感染;过度增殖性疾病;AIDS;退化性病症;血管疾病;等。在一些实施方案中,适合于用本发明组合物和方法治疗的感染包括,但不限于由病毒、细菌、真菌、支原体、肮病毒等导致的感染。
本发明化合物和方法也可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病或慢性炎性病症。如本文使用的术语“自身免疫性疾病”是指其中生物体产生识别生物体自身分子、细胞或组织的抗体或免疫细胞的任何病症。自身免疫性疾病的非限制性实例包括自身免疫性溶血性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、贝格尔病或IgA肾病、口炎性腹泻、慢性疲乏综合征、克罗恩病、皮肌炎、纤维肌痛、移植物抗宿主病、格雷夫斯病、桥本甲状腺炎、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、扁平苔癣、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、银屑病、风湿热、风湿性关节炎、硬皮病、斯耶格伦综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、1型糖尿病、溃疡性结肠炎、白癜风等。
可以通过施用本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂而治疗的包括癌症的另外的疾病和病症公开于美国专利7,960,372中;以其整体通过引用并入本文。
在本发明的方法中,将通常根据制药实践配制的治疗有效量的一种或多种化合物(I)施用于有需要的人。是否指示此类治疗取决于个体病例并且经受考虑以下的医学评价(诊断):存在的体征、症状、和/或功能障碍,发展特定的体征、症状和/或功能障碍的风险,以及其他因素。
结构式(I)的化合物可以通过任何适合的途径施用,例如通过口腔、颊、吸入、舌下、直肠、阴道、通过腰椎穿刺经脑池内或硬膜内、经尿道、鼻、经皮(即,透皮)、或肠胃外(包括静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、冠状动脉内、真皮内、乳房内、腹膜内、关节内、鞘内、眼球后、肺内注射和/或在特定部位的外科植入)施用。可以使用针和注射器或使用高压技术来完成肠胃外施用。
药物组合物包括其中结构式(I)的化合物以实现其预期目的的有效量施用的那些。精确制剂、施用途径和剂量由个体医师鉴于诊断的病症或疾病而确定。剂量数量和时间间隔可以单独地进行调整,从而提供足以维持治疗效果的结构式(I)的化合物的水平。
结构式(I)的化合物的毒性和治疗效力可以通过在细胞培养物或实验动物中的例如用于确定化合物的最大耐受剂量(MTD)(定义为在动物中不引起任何毒性的最高剂量)的标准药学程序来确定。在最大耐受剂量和治疗效果(例如,肿瘤生长的抑制)之间的剂量比是治疗指数。该剂量可以取决于所采用的剂型以及利用的施用途径而在该范围内变化。治疗有效量的确定,尤其是鉴于本文提供的详细公开,完全在本领域技术人员的能力之内。
用于在治疗中使用所需要的结构式(I)的化合物的治疗有效量随着所治疗的病症的性质、所希望的活性的时间长度、和患者的年龄和病症而变化,并且最终由监护医师确定。剂量数量和时间间隔可以单独地进行调整,从而提供足以维持所希望的治疗效果的IAP蛋白抑制剂的血浆水平。所希望的剂量可以方便地以单一剂量施用或作为多剂量以适当的时间间隔施用,例如为每天一、二、三、四或更多个亚剂量。多剂量经常是所希望的或需要的。例如,本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可以以下频率施用:四个剂量,递送为每天一个剂量,以四天时间间隔(q4d×4);四个剂量,递送为每天一个剂量,以三天时间间隔(q3d×4);每天递送一个剂量,以五天时间间隔(qd×5);每周一个剂量,持续三周(qwk3);五个日剂量,两天休息,以及另外的五个日剂量(5/2/5);或被确定为针对情况适当的任何剂量方案。
在本发明的方法中使用的结构式(I)的化合物可以每个剂量约0.005至约500毫克的量、每个剂量约0.05至约250毫克的量、或每个剂量约0.5至约100毫克的量施用。例如,结构式(I)的化合物可以每个剂量约0.005、0.05、0.5、5、10、20、30、40、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、或500毫克的量(包括在0.005毫克和500毫克之间的所有剂量)施用。
含有结构式(I)的IAP蛋白抑制剂的组合物或者含有其的组合物的剂量可以是约1ng/kg至约200mg/kg、约1μg/kg至约100mg/kg、或约1mg/kg至约50mg/kg。组合物的剂量可以是任何剂量,包括但不限于约1μg/kg。组合物的剂量可以是任何剂量,包括但不限于:约1μg/kg、10μg/kg、25μg/kg、50μg/kg、75μg/kg、100μg/kg、125μg/kg、150μg/kg、175μg/kg、200μg/kg、225μg/kg、250μg/kg、275μg/kg、300μg/kg、325μg/kg、350μg/kg、375μg/kg、400μg/kg、425μg/kg、450μg/kg、475μg/kg、500μg/kg、525μg/kg、550μg/kg、575μg/kg、600μg/kg、625μg/kg、650μg/kg、675μg/kg、700μg/kg、725μg/kg、750μg/kg、775μg/kg、800μg/kg、825μg/kg、850μg/kg、875μg/kg、900μg/kg、925μg/kg、950μg/kg、975μg/kg、1mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg、20mg/kg、25mg/kg、30mg/kg、35mg/kg、40mg/kg、45mg/kg、50mg/kg、60mg/kg、70mg/kg、80mg/kg、90mg/kg、100mg/kg、125mg/kg、150mg/kg、175mg/kg、或200mg/kg。以上剂量是平均情况的示例,但可以存在其中较高或较低的剂量是理所当然的的个别情况,并且这是在本发明的范围之内。在实践中,医师确定最适合于个体患者的实际给药方案,其可以随具体患者的年龄、重量、和响应而变化。
在癌症的治疗中,结构式(I)的化合物可以与化疗剂和/或免疫治疗剂和/或放射或结合另一种治疗技术例如手术一起施用。如本文使用的术语化疗剂包括抗癌剂、抗肿瘤剂、细胞凋亡调节剂。
本发明的实施方案采用以下的电磁放射:γ-放射(10-20至10-13m)、X-射线放射(10-12至10-9m)、紫外光(10nm至400nm)、可见光(400nm至700nm)、红外放射(700nm至1mm)、以及微波放射(1mm至30cm)。
许多癌症治疗方案当前采用由电磁放射(例如,X-射线)激活的放射增敏剂。X-射线激活的放射增敏剂的实例包括但不限于甲硝唑、醚醇硝唑、去甲基醚醇硝唑、哌莫硝唑、依他硝唑、尼莫唑、丝裂霉素C、RSU 1069、SR 4233、EO9、RB 6145、烟酰胺、5-溴脱氧尿苷(BUdR)、5-碘脱氧尿苷(IUdR)、溴脱氧胞苷、氟脱氧尿苷(FUdR)、羟基脲、顺铂、及其治疗有效的类似物和衍生物。
癌症的光动力疗法(PDT)采用可见光作为敏化剂的放射激活剂。光动力放射增敏剂的实例包括以下,但不限于:血卟啉衍生物、苯并卟啉衍生物、NPe6、初卟啉锡(SnET2)、脱镁叶绿酸-a(pheoborbide-a)、细菌叶绿素-a、萘酞菁、酞菁、酞菁锌、及其治疗有效的类似物和衍生物。
放射增敏剂除了联合本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂之外还可以联合治疗有效量的一种或多种化合物而施用,此类化合物包括但不限于:促进放射增敏剂掺入靶细胞的化合物,控制治疗剂、营养素、和/或氧向靶细胞流动的化合物,在有或没有另外的放射下作用于肿瘤的化疗剂,或者其他用于治疗癌症或其他疾病的治疗有效的化合物。可以与放射增敏剂联合使用的另外的治疗剂的实例包括但不限于5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、甲酰四氢叶酸、氧、卡波金(carbogen)、红细胞输血、全氟化碳(例如-DA)、2,3-DPG、BW12C、钙通道阻滞剂、己酮可可碱、抗血管生成化合物、肼屈嗪、和L-BSO。
化疗剂可以是诱导细胞凋亡的任何药理活性剂或化合物。药理活性剂或化合物可以是例如小有机分子、肽、多肽、核酸、或抗体。可以使用的化疗剂包括但不限于烷化剂、抗代谢药、激素和其拮抗剂(天然产物和它们的衍生物)、放射性同位素、抗体、以及天然产物、以及它们的组合。例如,本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂可以与抗生素(例如多柔比星和其他蒽环类抗生素类似物)、氮芥类(例如环磷酰胺)、嘧啶类似物(例如5-氟尿嘧啶)、顺铂、羟基脲、紫杉酚和其天然及合成衍生物等一起施用。作为另一个实例,在混合肿瘤的情况下,例如乳腺腺癌,在肿瘤包括依赖于促性腺激素和不依赖于促性腺激素的细胞的情况下,该化合物可以联合亮丙瑞林或戈舍瑞林(LH-RH的合成肽类似物)而施用。其他抗肿瘤方案包括使用抑制剂化合物与另一治疗方式(例如,外科手术或放射),后者在此还被称为“辅助抗肿瘤方式”。在本发明中有用的另外的化疗剂包括激素和其拮抗剂、放射性同位素、抗体、天然产物、以及其组合。
在本发明的方法中有用的化疗剂的实例列于下表中。
表1
影响微管的药剂干扰细胞有丝分裂,并且关于它们的细胞毒活性在本领域中是众所周知的。在本发明中有用的影响微管的药剂包括但不限于:别秋水仙碱(NSC 406042)、软海绵素B(NSC 609395)、秋水仙碱(NSC 757)、秋水仙碱衍生物(例如NSC 33410)、多拉司他汀10(NSC 376128)、美登素(NSC 153858)、根霉素(NSC 332598)、紫杉醇(NSC 125973)、 衍生物(例如,NSC 608832)、硫代秋水仙碱(NSC 361792)、三苯甲基半胱氨酸(NSC 83265)、硫酸长春碱(NSC 49842)、硫酸长春新碱(NSC 67574)、天然的和合成的埃坡霉素(包括但不限于埃坡霉素A、埃坡霉素B、和替斯利得(discodermolide)(参见Service,(1996)Science,274:2009)雌莫司汀、诺考达唑、MAP4,等。此类药剂的实例还描述于Bulinski(1997)J.Cell Sci.110:3055 3064;Panda(1997)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA94:10560-10564;Muhlradt(1997)Cancer Res.57:3344-3346;Nicolaou(1997)Nature397:268-272;Vasquez(1997)Mol.Biol.Cell.8:973-985;和Panda(1996)J.Biol.Chem.271:29807-29812。
可以使用的细胞生长抑制剂包括但不限于以下激素和类固醇(包括合成类似物):17-α-炔雌醇(17-α-ethinylestadiol)、己烯雌酚、睾酮、强的松、氟甲睾酮、丙酸屈他雄酮、睾内酯、醋酸甲地孕酮、甲泼尼龙、甲基睾酮、泼尼松龙、曲安西龙、氯烯雌醚(hlorotrianisene)、羟孕酮、氨鲁米特(aminogluthimide)、雌莫司汀、醋酸甲羟孕酮、亮丙瑞林、氟他胺、托瑞米芬、诺雷德。
其他细胞生长抑制剂是抗血管生成剂,例如基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂、和其他VEGF抑制剂(例如抗VEGF抗体以及例如ZD6474和SU668的小分子)。还可以利用抗Her2抗体。EGFR抑制剂是EKB-569(不可逆抑制剂)。还包括的是对于EGFR具有免疫特异性的抗体C225和Src抑制剂。
还适合作为细胞生长抑制剂使用的是(比卡鲁胺,Astra Zeneca),它致使雄激素依赖性癌变为非增殖性的。细胞生长抑制剂的又另一个实例是抗雌激素药 其抑制雌激素依赖性乳腺癌的增殖或生长。细胞增殖信号的转导的抑制剂是细胞生长抑制剂。代表性实例包括表皮生长因子抑制剂、Her-2抑制剂、MEK-1激酶抑制剂、MAPK激酶抑制剂、PI3抑制剂、Src激酶抑制剂、和PDGF抑制剂。
抗微生物治疗剂也可以用作本发明中的第二治疗剂。可以使用可以杀伤、抑制或者减弱微生物功能的任何药剂以及考虑具有此类活性的任何药剂。抗微生物剂包括,但不限于天然和合成的抗生素、抗体、抑制蛋白(例如防御素)、反义核酸、膜破裂剂等,其可以单独使用或组合使用。实际上,可以使用任何类型的抗生素,包括,但不限于抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂等。
可以与本发明的IAP蛋白抑制剂施用的另外的第二治疗剂公开于美国专利号7,960,372中,以其整体通过引用并入本文。
本发明的化合物通常与药物载体混合施用,所述药物载体是关于预期施用途径和标准制药实践而选择的。使用一种或多种生理上可接受的载体(包含促进结构式(I)的化合物的加工的赋形剂和助剂)以常规方式配制用于根据本发明使用的药物组合物。
可以例如通过常规的混合、溶解、制粒、制糖衣(dragee-making)、乳化、包封(encapsulating)、包埋(entrapping)、或冻干过程来制备这些药物组合物。适当的制剂取决于所选择的施用途径。当治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物经口施用时,该组合物通常呈片剂、胶囊、散剂、溶液、或酏剂的形式。当以片剂形式施用时,该组合物可以另外地含有固体载体,例如明胶或佐剂。片剂、胶囊、和散剂含有约0.01%至约95%、并且优选约1%至约50%的结构式(I)的化合物。当以液体形式施用时,可以添加液体载体(例如水、石油、或者动物或植物来源的油)。组合物的液体形式可以进一步含有生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖或其他糖类溶液、或二醇类。当以液体形式施用时,该组合物含有以重量计约0.1%至约90%、并且优选约1%至约50%的结构式(I)的化合物。
当治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物通过静脉内、皮肤、或皮下注射施用时,该组合物呈无热原、肠胃外可接受的水溶液的形式。此类肠胃外可接受的溶液的制备(充分考虑到pH、等渗性、稳定性,等等)是在本领域技术之内。用于静脉内、皮肤、或皮下注射的优选组合物通常含有等渗的媒介物。
结构式(I)的化合物可以容易地与本领域中众所周知的药学上可接受的载体组合。此类载体使得活性剂能够被配制为用于由待治疗的患者口服摄取的片剂、丸剂、锭剂、胶囊、液体、凝胶、糖浆、浆料、悬浮剂等。用于口服使用的药物制剂可以通过以下获得:将结构式(I)的化合物添加至固体赋形剂、任选地将所得混合物进行研磨、并且如果需要的话在添加适合的助剂之后将颗粒混合物进行加工以获得片剂或糖锭剂芯。适合的赋形剂包括例如填充剂和纤维素制剂。如果需要的话,可以添加崩解剂。
结构式(I)的化合物可以被配制为用于通过注射(例如通过单次快速注射或连续输注)而肠胃外施用。用于注射的制剂可以单位剂型(例如在安瓿瓶中或在多剂量容器中)与添加的防腐剂一起呈现。组合物可以采取例如在油性或水性媒介物中的悬浮剂、溶液、或乳液的形式,并且可以含有配方剂,例如助悬剂、稳定剂、和/或分散剂。
用于肠胃外施用的药物组合物包括水溶性形式的活性剂的水溶液。另外,结构式(I)的化合物的悬浮剂可以制备为适当的油性注射悬浮剂。适合的亲脂性溶剂或媒介物包括脂肪油或合成脂肪酸酯。水性注射悬浮剂可以含有增加悬浮剂粘度的物质。任选地,悬浮剂还可以含有增加化合物溶解度并且允许高度浓缩溶液的制备的适合的稳定剂或试剂。或者,本发明的组合物可以呈散剂形式,该散剂形式用于在使用前与适合的媒介物(例如灭菌无热原的水)构造。
结构式(I)的化合物还可以配制为直肠组合物,如,例如含有常规的栓剂基质的栓剂或保留灌肠剂。除了先前描述的制剂外,结构式(I)的化合物还可以配制为长效制剂(depot preparation)。此类长效制剂可以通过植入(例如,皮下或肌内)或者通过肌内注射来施用。因此,例如,结构式(I)的化合物可以用适合的聚合物材料或疏水材料(例如,作为在可接受的油中的乳液)或离子交换树脂进行配制。
具体而言,结构式(I)的化合物可以经口、颊、或舌下以含有赋形剂(例如淀粉或乳糖)的片剂的形式、或以单独或与赋形剂混合的胶囊或胚珠制剂(ovules)、或者以含有调味剂或着色剂的酏剂或悬浮剂的形式施用。可以用药学上可接受的添加剂(例如助悬剂)制备此类液体制剂。还可以肠胃外注射结构式(I)的化合物,例如静脉内、肌内、皮下、或冠状动脉内。对于肠胃外施用,IAP蛋白抑制剂最好以无菌水溶液的形式使用,该无菌水溶液可以含有其他物质(例如盐或单糖(例如甘露醇或葡萄糖)),从而使得溶液与血液等渗。
作为另外的实施方案,本发明包括药剂盒,所述药剂盒包含以促进它们实践本发明的方法的用途的方式包装的一种或多种化合物或组合物。在一个简单的实施方案中,该药剂盒包括对于实践方法有用的本文所述的化合物或组合物(例如,包含结构式(I)的化合物和任选的第二治疗剂的组合物),其包装在容器中(例如密封的瓶子或容器),具有附着至容器或包括在药剂盒中的标签,该标签描述该化合物或组合物实践本发明的方法的用途。优选地,该化合物或组合物被包装为单位剂型。该药剂盒可以进一步包括适用于根据预期的施用途径施用该组合物的装置。
先前的IAP蛋白抑制剂具有妨碍它们发展为治疗剂的特性。根据本发明的重要特征,结构式(I)的化合物被合成并且作为IAP蛋白的抑制剂而进行评估。例如,本发明的化合物通常具有对IAP蛋白的小于100nM、小于50nM、小于25nM、和小于10nM的结合亲和力(IC50)。
化合物的合成
本发明的化合物如下制备。以下合成方案代表用来合成结构式(I)的化合物的反应。制备本发明的IAP蛋白的修改和替代方案容易地在本领域技术人员的能力之内。
溶剂和试剂是从商业上获得的并且没有进一步纯化即使用。NMR谱的化学位移(δ)被报道为相对于内标的δ值(ppm)低场(downfield),其中多重性以通常方式报道。
除非另有说明,所有温度以摄氏度计。
在合成方法、实施例中和说明书通篇,缩写具有以下含义:
MS | 质谱法 |
CbzCl | 氯甲酸苄酯 |
LiOH | 氢氧化锂 |
HCl | 盐酸 |
CD<sub>3</sub>OD | 氘代甲醇 |
NMR | 核磁共振波谱法 |
Hz | 赫兹 |
EDC | 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐 |
HOBt | 1-羟基苯并三唑 |
Pd/C | 钯碳 |
。
合成方案1
根据上述合成方案1中显示的方法合成结构式(I)的每种化合物,除了在R中具有环丙基环的那些。根据Q.Cai等人,J.Med.Chem.,2011,2714-26中公开的方法合成化合物2。用Cbz保护化合物2中的氨基得到氨基甲酸酯3。氨基甲酸酯3中的甲基酯的水解产生酸4。酸4与一系列胺的缩合分别得到酰胺5。酰胺5中Boc保护基团的去除得到胺6。胺6与L-N-Boc-N-甲基-丙氨酸的缩合提供酰胺7。酰胺7中Cbz保护基团的裂解得到胺8。
胺8与一系列二异氰酸酯(9)的缩合,以及随后除去Boc保护基团,得到含有Smac模拟物的双脲。胺8与一系列二异硫氰酸酯(10)的缩合,以及随后除去Boc保护基团,得到含有Smac模拟物的双-硫脲。胺8与一系列二氯甲酸酯(dicarbonochloridate)(12)的缩合,以及随后除去Boc保护基团,得到含有Smac模拟物的双-氨基甲酸酯。胺8与一系列二磺酰氯的缩合,以及随后除去Boc保护基团,得到含有Smac模拟物的双-磺酰胺。
合成方案2
在R中具有环丙基环的通用结构式(I)的化合物,合成显示于上述合成方案2中。化合物2与二异氰酸酯、二异硫氰酸酯、二氯甲酸酯(dicarbonochloridate)或二磺酰氯的缩合分别得到中间体13。去除化合物13中的Boc保护基团,以及随后与L-N-Boc-N-甲基-Ala的缩合,得到酰胺14。酰胺14中甲基酯的水解得到一系列酸。所述酸与一系列胺的缩合和随后Boc保护基团的脱保护提供了最终化合物。
实施例1
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.37-7.24(m,20H),6.16(s,2H),4.72-4.60(m,4H),4.10(m,2H),4.00-3.85(m,6H),3.25-3.04(m,8H),2.69(s.6H),2.34(m,2H),2.14-2.03(m,6H),1.77-1.48(m,8H),1.54(d,J=6.9Hz,6H),1.35(m,8H);ESI MS:m/z 1151.8(M+H)+.
实施例13
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.23(m,20H),6.15(s,2H),4.70-4.60(m,4H),4.10(m,2H),3.97-3.80(m,6H),3.25-3.03(m,8H),2.69(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.10-2.03(m,6H),1.78-1.57(m,8H),1.52(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.39(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1123.6(M+H)+.
实施例2
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.53(s,4H),7.37(m,20H),6.18(s,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.67(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.27(m,2H),4.09-3.80(m,6H),3.30-3.05(m,4H),2.71(s,6H),2.37(m,2H),2.35-1.80(m,4H),1.70-1.55(m,6H),1.45(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1115.9(M+H)+.
实施例3
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.36-7.15(m,24H),6.15(s,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.63(m,4H),4.32-4.14(m,4H),3.99-3.81(m,6H),3.16-3.06(m,4H),2.63(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.18-2.85(m,6H),1.85-1.60(m,4H),1.50(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1143.67(M+H)+.
实施例9
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.36(m,20H),6.14(s,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.60(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.44(m,2H),3.92-3.80(m,4H),3.70(m,2H),3.42(m,2H),3.16-3.03(m,6H),2.66(s,6H),2.36(m,2H),2.16(m,2H),2.00(m,4H),1.73(m,8H),1.52-1.43(m,10H);ESI MS:m/z1165.4(M+H)+.
实施例10
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.36-7.22(m,20H),6.14(s,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.60(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.44(m,2H),3.91-3.85(m,4H),3.65(m,2H),3.48(m,2H),3.15-3.03(m,6H),2.66(s,6H),2.32(m,2H),2.14(m,2H),2.00(m,4H),1.85-1.70(m,8H),1.52(d,J=8.7Hz,6H),1.42-1.33(m,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1193.7(M+H)+.
实施例11
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.48(d,J=8.1Hz,4H),7.33(m,20H),7.11(d,J=8.1Hz,4H),6.17(s,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.63(m,2H),4.25(m,2H),4.08-4.03(m,6H),3.88(s,2H),3.30-3.20(m,4H),2.70(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.20-1.80(m,6H),1.75-1.60(m,4H),1.55(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1206.4(M+H)+.
实施例14
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.14(m,1H),7.34-7.18(m,23H),6.17(s,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.67(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.22(m,2H),4.07(m,6H),3.24(m,4H),2.73(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.14-2.04(m,6H),1.77-1.66(m,4H),1.57(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1115.9(M+H)+.
实施例15
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.55(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),7.36-7.24(m,20H),6.91(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.17(m,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.64(t,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.23(m,2H),4.09(m,6H),3.21(m,4H),2.71(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.14-2.02(m,6H),1.80-1.73(m,4H),1.56(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1207.3(M+H)+.
实施例16
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.46-7.25(m,26H),6.17(s,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.65(m,2H),4.32(m,2H),4.19-4.02(m,6H),3.22(m,4H),2.66(s,6H),2.37(s,6H),2.24-2.02(m,8H),1.83-1.70(m,4H),1.53(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1220.2(M+H)+.
实施例18
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.47(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.36(m,20H),7.06(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),6.16(s,2H),4.94(m,2H),4.67(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.25(m,2H),4.09-4.04(m,6H),3.17-3.28(m,4H),2.84(s,4H),2.66(s,6H),2.37(m,2H),2.15-2.02(m,6H),1.79-1.67(m,4H),1.56(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1220.25(M+H)+.
实施例19
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.36-7.16(m,20H),6.17(s,2H),5.01(m,2H),4.67(m,2H),4.17(m,2H),4.00-3.94(m,4H),3.73(s,4H),3.59-3.40(m,4H),2.64(s,6H),2.55-2.37(m,4H),2.06(m,4H),1.80-1.67(m,4H),1.53(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1237.6(M+H)+.
实施例20
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.60(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.36-7.21(m,24H),6.17(s,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.64(t,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.21(m,2H),4.08-4.02(m,6H),3.24(m,4H),2.70(s,6H),2.24(m,2H),2.14-2.03(m,6H),1.78-1.71(m,4H),1.56(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z1223.3(M+H)+.
实施例21
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.33-7.21(m,20H),6.12(s,2H),5.11(m,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.56(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.25(m,2H),3.93(m,2H),3.66-3.53(m,6H),3.22-3.15(m,8H),2.67(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.15-1.96(m,4H),1.83-1.77(m,6H),1.54(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESIMS:m/z 1093.7(M+H)+.
实施例22
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.34-7.23(m,20H),6.14(s,2H),4.92(m,2H),4.70(m,4H),4.08-3.86(m,8H),3.59(m,2H),3.16-3.05(m,4H),2.70(s,6H),2.36(m,2H),2.10-1.92(m,10H),1.79-1.71(m,4H),1.60-1.40(m,8H),1.40-1.25(m,2H);ESI MS:m/z 1121.7(M+H)+.
实施例23
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.27-7.02(m,28H),6.12(m,2H),5.07-4.97(m,2H),4.60(m,2H),4.39(m,2H),3.89-3.85(m,4H),3.73-3.54(m,6H),2.66(s,6H),2.31(m,2H),2.11-1.81(m,10H),1.65(m,6H)1.56(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1236.2(M+H)+.
实施例4
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.40(m,2H),7.14-7.06(m,6H),5.06(m,2H),4.84(m,2H),4.72(m,2H),4.50(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.12(m,2H),4.02-3.93(m,6H),3.27-3.10(m,6H),2.80(m,4H),2.67(s,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.14-1.90(m,10H),1.81-1.72(m,8H),1.58(m,4H),1.53(d,J=6.9Hz,m,6H),1.35(m,8H);ESI MS:m/z 1151.8(M+H)+.
实施例5
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.55(s,4H),7.43(m,2H),7.17-7.07(m,6H),5.09(m,2H),4.83(m,2H),4.52(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.25(m,2H),4.16-4.05(m,6H),3.39-3.34(m,4H),2.81(m,4H),2.73(s,6H),2.32(m,4H),2.05-1.93(m,8H),1.82-1.74(m-8H),1.57(d,J=6.9Hz,m,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1044.0(M+H)+.
实施例6
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.38-7.09(m,12H),5.03(m,2H),4.85(m,2H),4.78(m,2H),4.60(m,2H),4.55(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.35-4.17(m,4H),4.05-3.92(m,6H),3.61(m,2H),2.80(m,4H),2.66(s,6H),2.31(m,2H),2.15-1.91(m,10H),1.78-1.72(m,8H),1.51(d,J=6.9Hz,m,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1071.63(M+H)+.
实施例12
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.51(d,J=8.4Hz.4H),7.43(m,2H),7.14-7.07(m,10H),5.08(m,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.51(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.28(m,2H),4.15-4.04(m,6H),3.89(s,2H),3.38-3.33(m,4H),2.87(m,4H),2.71(s,6H),2.31(m,2H),2.10-1.73(m,18H),1.56(d,J=6.9Hz,m,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1134.1(M+H)+.
实施例24
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.21(m,3H),7.85(m,1H),7.34-7.18(m,20H),6.10(s,2H),4.85(m,2H),4.58(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.31(m,2H),3.93(m,4H),3.73(m,2H),3.21(m,2H),2.96(m,2H),2.67(s,6H),2.33(m,2H),2.06-1.93(m,6H),1.84-1.76(m,4H),1.51(d,J=6.9Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1157.6(M+H)+.
实施例38
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.50-6.70(m,10H),4.90(m,2H).4.70(m,2H),4.45-4.10(m,4H),3.95-3.40(m,10H),2.60(m,2H),2.55(s,6H),2.30-1.60(m,12H),1.45(brd,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.40-1.05(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1187.3(M+H)+.
实施例37
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.50-6.70(m,10H),4.92(m,2H),4.80(m,2H),4.45-4.20(m,4H),3.95(m,2H),3.80-3.40(m,8H),2.60(m,2H),2.55(s,6H),2.30-1.60(m,12H),1.45(brd,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.40-1.05(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1187.3(M+H)+.
实施例36
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.65-7.45(m,4H),7.35-6.90(m,8H),5.05(m,2H),4.80(m,2H),4.50-4.30(m,4H),4.05(m,2H),3.90-3.40(m,8H),2.60(m,2H),2.50(s,6H),2.40-1.60(m,12H),1.45(brd,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.40-1.05(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1151.2(M+H)+.
实施例26
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.05(m,14H),4.75(m,2H),4.20-3.90(m,4H),3.90-3.65(m,6H),3.35-3.10(m,4H),2.90(m,2H),2.60(s,6H),2.30(m,2H),2.05-1.55(m,8H),1.45(brd,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.40-1.05(m,6H),0.80(m,2H);ESI MS:m/z 1015.5(M+H)+.
实施例27
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.05(m,14H),4.75(m,2H),4.30-3.95(m,4H),3.95-3.65(m,6H),3.40-3.10(m,4H),2.90(m,2H),2.60(s,6H),2.25(m,2H),2.05-1.55(m,8H),1.45(brd,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.40-1.05(m,6H),0.80(m,2H);ESI MS:m/z 1015.5(M+H)+.
实施例30
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.60(s,4H),7.30-7.10(m,10H),4.80(m,2H),4.45(m,2H),4.25(m,2H),4.20-4.02(m,6H),3.50-3.30(m,4H),2.95(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.40-2.05(m,10H),1.90-1.70(m,4H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.30-1.10(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1015.5(M+H)+.
实施例31
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.60(s,4H),7.30-7.10(m,10H),4.80(m,2H),4.45(m,2H),4.30(m,2H),4.20-4.02(m,6H),3.50-3.30(m,4H),2.90(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.35-2.05(m,10H),1.90-1.70(m,4H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.30-1.10(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1015.5(M+H)+.
实施例29
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.30-6.90(m,12H),4.90(m,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.40-4.20(m,4H),3.95(m,2H),3.90-3.30(m,8H),2.65(m,2H),2.60(s,6H),2.30-1.75(m,12H),2.50(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.20(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1051.2(M+H)+.
实施例28
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.30-6.80(m,12H),4.85(m,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.30-4.20(m,4H),4.05-3.60(m,6H),3.50-3.30(m,4H),2.65(m,2H),2.55(s,6H),2.30-1.70(m,12H),2.50(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.20(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1051.2(M+H)+.
实施例25
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.40-7.20(m,10H),5.99(s,2H),4.75(m,2H),4.45(m,2H),4.10(m,2H),3.95(m,2H),3.80(m,2H),3.65(m,2H),3.25-3.05(m,8H),2.62(m,6H),2.30(m,2H),2.20-1.70(m,12H),1.45(m,2H),1.40(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1095.4(M+H)+.
实施例39
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.48-7.08(m,18H),4.92(m,2H),4.42(m,2H),4.21-4.03(m,8H),3.87(m,2H),3.36-3.20(m,4H),2.85(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.30-2.02(m,10H),1.76(m,4H),1.56(d,J=6.9Hz,6H),1.23(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1105.4(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.35-7.15(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.40-3.90(m,8H),3.75-3.50(m,6H),3.40-3.20(m,8H),2.71(s,6H),2.65(m,2H),1.90-1.43(m,42H);ESI MS:m/z1107.9(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.20(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.61(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.20(t,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.97-3.81(m,10H),3.30-2.95(m,6H),2.68(s,6H),2.51(m,2H),2.01-1.31(m,42H);ESI MS:m/z 1107.6(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz.CD3OD):δ7.35-7.10(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.66(m,2H),4.43(m,2H),4.22(m,2H),4.04-3.72(m,8H),3.10-2.85(m,6H),2.68(s,6H),2.24-1.37(m,40H);ESIMS:m/z 1079.5(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3CD):δ7.35-7.15(m,10H),4.81(m,2H),4.65(m,2H),4.35(m,2H),4.22(m,2H),3.98-3.80(m,8H),3.25-2.87(m,6H),2.68(s,6H),2.20-1.33(m,40H);ESIMS:m/z 1079.9(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.30-7.10(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.61(m,4H),4.24(t,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.97-3.81(m,8H),3.41-3.02(m,6H),2.64(s,6H),2.17-1.37(m,40H);ESI MS:m/z 1079.3(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.10(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.67-4.24(m,6H),3.97-3.81(m,8H),3.41-3.02(m,6H),2.68(s,6H),2.17-1.37(m,40H);ESI MS:m/z 1079.5(M+H)+.
实施例46
1H NMR(300MHz.CD3OD):δ7.19-7.11(m,8H),4.84(m,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.57(m,2H),4.42(m,2H),4.10(m,2H),4.00(m,6H),3.22-3.06(m,6H),2.92-2.75(m,4H),2.66(s,6H),2.26-1.37(m,30H);ESI MS:m/z 1023.7(M+H)+.
实施例47
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.15(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.71(m,2H),4.41(m,2H),4.11(m,2H),3.98-3.88(m,6H),3.48-3.08(m,10H),2.82(m,4H),2.69(s,6H),2.22-1.39(m,26H);ESI MS:m/z 999.7(M+H)+.
实施例48
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.15(m,10H),4.84(m,2H),4.69(m,2H),4.50-4.30(m,4H),4.11-3.86(m,8H),3.48(m,2H),3.25-3.06(m,6H),2.68(s,6H),2.31-1.28(m,34H);ESI MS:m/z 1051.4(M+H)+.
实施例49
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.10(m,10H),4.82(m,2H),4.70(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.43-4.34(m,4H),4.12(m,2H),4.01-3.90(m,6H),3.65(m,2H),3.25-3.06(m,6H),2.67(s,6H),2.52-2.34(m,10H),2.10(m,6H),1.80-1.39(18H);ESI MS:m/z 1051.9(M+H)+.
实施例50
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.35-7.15(m,10H),4.82(m,2H),4.70(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.43-4.28(m,4H),4.12(m,2H),4.01-3.90(m,6H),3.25-3.06(m,6H),2.77(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.51(m,2H),2.30(m,2H),2.20-1.90(m,10H),1.90-1.45(m,16H),1.45-1.35(m,4H);ESI MS:m/z 1051.7(M+H)+.
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.10(m,14H),4.80(m,2H),4.40-4.25(m,4H),4.20(m,2H),4.15-4.05(m,4H),3.90(m,2H),3.40-3.30(m,4H),2.90(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.30-1.90(m,10H),1.90-1.55(m,14H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1071.5(M+H)+.
实施例33
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.10(m,14H),4.75(m,2H),4.40-4.25(m,4H),4.20(m,2H),4.15-4.05(m,4H),3.90(m,2H),3.40-3.30(m,4H),2.90(m,2H),2.70(s,6H),2.30-1.90(m,10H),1.90-1.35(m,20H);ESI MS:m/z 1071.7(M+H)+.
实施例34
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.10(m,14H),4.80(m,2H),4.40(m,2H),4.25-4.05(m,4H),4.05-3.85(m,4H),3.80(m,2H),3.30-3.15(m,6H),2.70(s,6H),2.30-1.60(m,24H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1071.7(M+H)+.
实施例35
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ7.35-7.10(m,14H),4.80(m,2H),4.45(m,2H),4.20-3.90(m,6H),3.80(m,2H),3.30-3.20(m,6H),2.70(s,6H),2.30-1.60(m,24H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H):ESI MS:m/z 1071.7(M+H)+.
实施例7
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.40-7.20(m,20H),6.15(m,2H),5.60(m,2H),4.85(m,2H),4.55(m,2H),4.40(m,2H),3.95-3.80(m,4H),3.65(m,2H),3.35-2.05(m,6H),2.65(s,6H),2.45-1.70(m,16H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H):ESI MS:m/z 1162.5(M+H)+.
实施例8
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.40-7.20(m,20H),6.15(m,2H),5.45(m,2H),4.82(m,2H),4.55(m,2H),4.40(m,2H),3.95-3.72(m,4H),3.65(m,2H),3.35-2.95(m,6H),2.65(s,6H),2.45-1.70(m,20H),1.55(d,J=7.2Hz,6H);ESI MS:m/z 1190.6(M+H)+.
实施例17
ESI MS:m/z 1147.6(M+H)+.
与XIAP接头-BIR2-BIR3、cIAP1-BIR3和cIAP-2BIR2的结合亲和力
本发明化合物与XIAP接头-BIR2-BIR3(残基120-356)、cIAP1-BIR3(残基253-363)和cIAP-2BIR3(残基238-349)蛋白的结合亲和力通过基于荧光偏振(FP)的竞争性测定法进行测定。对于cIAP-1 BIR3和cIAP-2 BIR3测定法,荧光标记的Smac模拟物(Smac-2F)用作荧光探针。Smac-2F与cIAP-1 BIR3和cIAP-2 BIR3的Kd值通过监测用固定浓度的荧光探针和高达完全饱和的渐增浓度的蛋白构成的混合物的总的荧光偏振来测定。使用Infinite M-1000酶标仪(Tecan U.S.,Research Triangle Park,NC)在Microfluor 296-孔黑色圆底板(Thermo Scientific)中测量荧光偏振值。向每个孔中添加1nM SMAC-2F和渐增浓度的蛋白至测定缓冲液(100mM磷酸钾,pH 7.5,100μg/ml牛γ球蛋白,0.02%叠氮化钠,Invitrogen,含有4%DMSO)中的125μl最终体积。将板在室温下孵育1-2小时,并且伴随轻轻振摇混合以确保平衡。在485nm的激发波长以及530nm的发射波长,以毫偏振单位(millipolarizationunit)(mP)测量偏振值。然后使用Graphpad Prism 5.0软件(Graphpad Software,SanDiego,CA)通过拟合S形剂量依赖性FP增加作为蛋白浓度的函数来计算平衡解离常数(Kd)。
化合物的Ki值通过化合物剂量依赖性的竞争性结合实验来测定,其中化合物的系列稀释液与固定浓度的荧光探针竞争结合固定浓度的蛋白(通常为上述测定的Kd值的2至3倍)。将5μl的在DMSO中的测试化合物与120μl在测定缓冲液(100mM磷酸钾,pH 7.5,100μg/ml牛γ球蛋白,0.02%叠氮化钠,Invitrogen)中的预孵育蛋白/示踪剂复合物的混合物添加至测定板,并且在室温下伴随轻轻振摇孵育2小时。蛋白和探针的终浓度对于cIAP-1BIR3和cIAP-2BIR3测定分别为3nM和1nM、5nM和1nM。仅含有蛋白/探针复合物的阴性对照(相当于0%抑制)、和仅含有游离探针的阳性对照(相当于100%抑制)包含在每个测定板中。如上所述测量FP值。通过竞争曲线的非线性回归拟合测定IC50值。竞争性抑制剂的Ki值使用先前描述的推导方程,基于所测量的IC50值、探针与不同蛋白的Kd值和竞争性测定中蛋白和探针的浓度来计算。
对于XIAP接头-BIR2-BIR3蛋白的基于FP的测定使用相同程序进行。在该测定中,二价荧光标签的肽类Smac模拟物(Smac-1F)用作荧光探针,其与XIAP接头-BIR2-BIR3的Kd值通过饱和实验类似地测定。将0.01%Triton X-100添加至测定缓冲液中以实现二聚体荧光探针的稳定的荧光和偏振值。竞争性测定中利用的最终蛋白和探针浓度分别为3nM和1nM。
MDA-MB-231乳腺癌和SK-OV-3卵巢癌细胞系中细胞生长的抑制
图1显示裸鼠中的MDA-MB-231异种移植模型中实施例2和实施例24的抗肿瘤活性。当肿瘤达到80mm3的平均体积时开始治疗。以10mg/kg的每周剂量静脉内给予实施例24,持续4周(qwkx4,iv)。以3mg/kg的每周剂量给予实施例2,持续4周(qwkx4,iv)。对照治疗给予媒介物对照。每组具有8-10只小鼠,每只小鼠具有一个肿瘤。对于实施例2和24实现了肿瘤消退。
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Claims (8)
1.化合物,其是
或其药学上可接受的盐。
2.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载体或媒介物。
3.权利要求2的药物组合物,其还包含可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的第二治疗剂。
4.组合物,包含(a)权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,(b)可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的第二治疗剂,和(c)任选的赋形剂和/或药学上可接受的载体,其中权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和所述第二治疗剂同时或分开施用。
5.用于人类药物用途的药剂盒,所述药剂盒包含(a)容器,(b)包装的组合物,其包含权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,(c)包装的组合物,其包含可用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的第二治疗剂,和(d)包装插页,其含有用于在疾病或病症的治疗中使用同时或相继施用的所述组合物的说明。
6.权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗其中IAP蛋白的抑制提供益处的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
7.权利要求6的用途,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症。
8.权利要求7的用途,其中所述癌症是乳腺癌和卵巢癌。
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CN109485662A (zh) | 2019-03-19 |
CN109485662B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
ES2654623T3 (es) | 2018-02-14 |
CN104718209A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
HK1211030A1 (zh) | 2016-05-13 |
EP2888265B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
RU2649975C2 (ru) | 2018-04-06 |
KR102237888B1 (ko) | 2021-04-07 |
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