CN109528807A - 一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药组合物技术领域,具体涉及一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物2‑6份、淫羊藿提取物2‑4份、沙棘提取物4‑8份、灵芝提取物2‑6份和绞股蓝提取物4‑6份;所述西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物为水提取物,所述淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物、绞股蓝提取物均为醇提取物。本发明从细胞免疫、体液免疫、吞噬功能、NK细胞功能检测本发明制备的口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响,并观察其对动物体重和免疫器官的影响,结果显示本发明的组合物具有增强机体免疫力的功能,可应用于制备增强免疫力、抑制肿瘤、保肝护肝的药物,也可应用于制备增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳的保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药组合物技术领域,具体涉及一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
免疫是人体自身的防御机制,是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等)处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力。现代免疫学认为,免疫力是人体识别和排除“异己”的生理反应。人体内执行这一功能的是免疫系统。
中医理论强调人体健康与疾病的相互关系,认为“正气存内,邪不可干”、“邪之所凑,其气必虚”、“正气不足”而后“邪气踞之”,从正邪、阴阳平衡的角度来阐述机体免疫力与疾病之间的关系。“正气”即免疫系统的正常功能和结构,是机体感邪后发病与否、疾病转归、病后能否及早痊愈的关键。治病当“祛邪扶正”,“阴平阳秘”则气血平和,也就是要免除疾病危害,保障人体的健康。可见,中医学理论的“正邪”、“阴阳”学说与现代医学对免疫的定义在精神实质上有着共同之处。
从中医学整体观念和辨证论治的原则出发,“正气”与肺、脾以及肝、肾最为密切,盖肺主一身之气,起敷布、资助之功;脾主运化,为后天之本,气血生化之源;脾气充则卫气盛,卫气盛则外邪不能侵袭。肝藏血,调畅全身气机;肾为先天之本,肾藏精,肾精之充盈,五脏有所养,精足则血旺,先天之精与后天之精充盛则可化成一身之精气,使各脏腑的功能正常发挥而协调共济,共同维持着身体正常的生理功能。同时精又能化气,精足则气盛,气有保卫机体,抵御外邪入侵的能力,可见,精足则正气旺盛,抗病力强,不易受任何病邪侵袭。因此从中医学理论上讲,免疫力低下主要与肺、脾、肝、肾功能有关,需要通过调节其脏腑功能,来维持机体内在的阴阳平衡,从而使脏腑、经络、卫气、营血保持正常的生理功能,机体保持气血平和、阴平阳秘的稳定状态,最终达到调节人体免疫力的作用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用,该组合物重视益气健脾、滋补肝肾,使气血充盈同时先后天之本不败,从而促进机体免疫力的增强。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
本发明的第一个目的在于提出一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物2-6份、淫羊藿提取物2-4份、沙棘提取物4-8份、灵芝提取物2-6份和绞股蓝提取物4-6份;所述西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物为水提取物,所述淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物、绞股蓝提取物均为醇提取物。
进一步地,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物3-5份、淫羊藿提取物3份、沙棘提取物5-6份、灵芝提取物4-5份和绞股蓝提取物5份。
更进一步地,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物4份、淫羊藿提取物3份、沙棘提取物5.5份、灵芝提取物4.5份和绞股蓝提取物5份。
进一步地,所述醇选自甲醇或乙醇。
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、取西洋参,加2-8倍水量煎煮提取,提取液浓缩;水洗浓缩物后,用质量浓度为60%乙醇水溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后经干燥、粉碎获得西洋参提取物;
步骤2、灵芝粉碎后,用8-16倍水量煎煮提取,得到灵芝提取物;
步骤3、淫羊藿粉碎后,用6-10倍量醇溶液热回流提取,得到淫羊藿提取物;
步骤4、沙棘经超临界二氧化碳萃取脱油后,醇提取,提取液浓缩至粘稠状,喷雾干燥,获得沙棘提取物;所述萃取压力为30-35MPa,萃取温度为40-45℃,二氧化碳流量为15-25kg/h,萃取时间为1-3小时;
步骤5、绞股蓝全草粉碎,加4-8倍量醇溶液回流提取;提取液过滤,滤液合并,减压浓缩至无醇味,浓缩液静置24小时,过滤;滤液加正丁醇萃取,弃去水液,减压浓缩正丁醇液至相对密度为1.25~1.30g/cm3浸膏,浸膏喷粉干燥、粉碎后得绞股蓝提取物;
步骤6、按照上述任一项的成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,制成临床或药学上可接受的片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、缓释制剂、速释制剂、口服液体制剂。
进一步地,按照上述任一项的成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入60-80℃纯净水60-100份,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心15-40min、微波杀菌10-18min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
本发明的第三个目的在于提出上述任一项所述的中药组合物在制备增强免疫力或制备抑制肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明的第四个目的在于提出上述任一项所述的中药组合物在制备增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳的保健品中的应用。
本发明的第五个目的在于提出上述任一项所述的中药组合物在制备保肝护肝药物中的应用。
进一步地,针对酒精造成的肝损伤,所述保肝护肝药物应用于降低血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶。
本发明提供的能增强人体免疫力的中药组合物的各个成分的作用为:
1、西洋参具有补气养血、滋阴补肾、键脾养胃、延缓衰老及养颜等功效。现代医学研究证明,西洋参具有抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗休克、提高思维、改善记忆及调节内分泌、增强人体免疫力及改善心血管功能等作用。其对中枢神经系统具有镇静、促进神经生长、抗惊厥、阵痛、解热的作用;对心血管系统具有抗心率失常、抗心肌缺血和再灌损伤等作用;对血液系统具有抗溶血、止血、降低血液凝固性、抑制血小板凝聚、调血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、降低血糖等作用;对适应原样具有抗疲劳、抗氧缺血、抗休克、抗饥渴的作用;对免疫系统具有促进淋巴细胞的转化,诱导免疫因子生成,增强集体免疫功能的作用;对内分泌系统具有促进血清蛋白合成、促进骨髓蛋白合成、促进器官蛋白合成、促进脑蛋白合成和脂肪合成、促进干细胞蛋白(RNA聚合酶活力)合成、促进脂肪代谢和糖代谢等作用;对于泌尿系统具有抗利尿的作用。
2、灵芝提取物由灵芝工艺发酵提取,主要成分灵芝三萜类化合物和灵芝多糖。其具有抗癌活性、改善免疫系统、心血管健康、护肝作用(很强的抗肝毒素特性)、支援神经系统、抗过敏/抗炎症作用、抗衰老并有降血糖、降血脂、镇痛、抗缺氧能力。
3、淫羊藿是传统的中药补药,具有补阳肾,强盘骨,祛风湿,用于阳痿遗精,有催淫作用,盘骨痿软,风湿痹痛麻木拘挛,更年期高血压症。能够有效抑制葡萄球菌,抗衰老,镇咳、祛痰与平喘作用。淫羊藿甙是其有效成分之一,能够有效改善心脏血管系统,调整内分泌,提高内分泌。另外,特别值得关注的是,淫羊藿还具有抗癌作用,被喻为最有潜力的抗癌药物。淫羊藿多糖有增强机体免疫功能的作用,能增强和保持正常的肾上腺皮质功能和免疫功能。淫羊藿从不同方面影响衰老机制,可推迟老化进程和防止老年病的发生。如影响细胞传代,延长生长期,调节免疫和分泌系统,改善机体代谢和各器官功能。用淫羊藿提取物,降低脑血管阻力,对垂体后叶素引起的心肌缺血有一定保护作用,对治疗冠心病、心绞痛具有科学依据。淫羊藿多糖抑制血小板聚集反应,可抑制血栓形成;并可促进多种血细胞的分化增殖,促进造血功能。淫羊藿有促进DNA合成的作用。实验证明,淫羊藿具有促进骨髓细胞DNA的合成作用,具有“补骨”作用,对骨质疏松有良好的防治效果。与淫羊藿补肾阳、强筋骨功效主治相关的药理作用为增强性腺功能、调节机体免疫功能、促进骨生长、延缓衰老等作用。淫羊藿还具有强心、降血压、抗心律失常、增加脑血流量、抑菌、抗病毒、抗炎、降血脂、抗肿瘤等多种作用,具有较高的药用和保健价值。
4、沙棘含有Va、Vc、Vk1、B族维生素、玉米黄素、番茄红素、类黄酮素、叶酸、微量元素、谷甾醇、三萜烯、脂肪酸、单宁、5-羟色胺、羟基香豆素等活性物质。这些有效成分决定了沙棘是种十分宝贵的药用植物。不仅可以有效调节血压、血脂、血糖,同时可以保护心、脑、肾、肝等重要脏器免遭自由基的侵害,净化血液,恢复血管壁弹性,增强机体免疫力。其具有降血压,降血脂,降低血液粘稠度,增强血管弹性,抗动脉粥样硬化等功能是心脑血管疾病的“克星”。沙棘黄酮可降血脂,软化血管,可使血清脂质和肝脏脂质明显下降。沙棘黄酮作为体内抗氧化剂可抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白的形成,增加高密度脂蛋白的合成和提高卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的活性,使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低,高密度脂蛋白增加,降低了血脂。沙棘黄酮可分解血管壁上沉积的脂质,防止胆固醇与动脉弹性蛋白结合导致血管壁变厚、变脆,让血管更畅通。中老年人由于年岁增张,身体器官机能开始减退,体内自由基聚集增多,体内及血液中过氧化脂质增加,患动脉粥样硬化的危险性加大。沙棘黄酮作为体内抗氧化剂可清楚血液中的自由基,减少了自由基对血管壁的侵蚀和损伤。沙棘黄酮又可降低低密度脂蛋白的合成和提高高密度脂蛋白合成,降低血脂。可有效预防动脉粥样硬化。科学证明沙棘黄酮对血流动力学有影响。沙棘黄酮能增强心肌的收缩功能、泵功能,并能降低外周阻力,增加血管弹性。降低心肌耗氧量,增强心功能,抗心律失常,抗早博,缩小心肌梗塞面积,缓解心绞痛。沙棘黄酮能显著增加心脏的收缩和舒张及抗心律失常作用,对心肌炎并发心功能不全有良好的治疗作用。沙棘黄酮可降低血脂、胆固醇、甘油三酯,降低血液粘度、抑制血小板聚集、阻止血栓形成方面有很好的疗效,从而降低心脑血管疾病的发生率。沙棘黄酮是对抗心脑血管疾病的首选药之一。
5、绞股蓝富含70多种皂甙,有调节人体机能、改善人体亚健康等作用,被誉为“人参草”。绞股蓝几乎无毒、无副作用,具有抗癌、抗衰老、降血脂、防治糖皮质激素的副作用等。绞股蓝的功效健脾补肾,化痰止咳,清热解毒。主治体虚乏力,虚劳失精,胃脘疼痛,泄泻,咳嗽痰多,黄疸,尿频,癌瘤,手足癣,腋臭。绞股蓝具有降血脂、降血压、增加冠状动脉和脑血流量、抗衰老、强壮、增强免疫、护肝、镇静止痛、抗溃疡等作用,对防治动脉硬化、高血压、冠心病、中风、糖尿病、肥胖症、慢性肝炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、慢性胆囊炎、溃疡病、支气管炎等多种疾病有较显著疗效。此外绞股蓝还有消炎解毒,止咳祛痰的作用。临床上主要用于慢性支气管炎,另外也与其它中药配伍,用于降血脂,增强机体免疫和抗癌、防衰老等方面,具有广泛的应用。
因此,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
针对“免疫力低下”产生的机理,癌症、衰老或其它疾病大都与过量自由基的产生有关联,本发明的组合物选用益气健脾、扶正固本的西洋参、灵芝,以西洋参“补肺降火、生津液、除烦倦、虚而有火者相宜”,补气养阴,清热生津,灵芝具有滋补强壮、扶正固本之功效,可促进诱导T淋巴细胞增殖反应,此二者为君药,两者协调抗氧化自由基作用极佳,机体抗氧化自由基的能力越强,免疫力越好,就越健康,生命也越长。再配以滋补肝肾的淫羊藿,淫羊藿能补肾阳、强筋骨,能增加心脑血管血流量、促进造血功能、心肌收缩力、免疫功能及骨代谢,具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤等功效。淫羊藿为臣药,辅助君药以调补肝肾,兼顾脾胃,滋补肝肾、补中益气、生津安神。再佐以沙棘,沙棘黄酮不仅可以有效调节血压、血脂、血糖,同时可以保护心、脑、肾、肝等重要脏器免遭自由基的侵害,净化血液,恢复血管壁弹性,增强机体免疫力。沙棘为佐药,沙棘黄酮可以增强西洋参和灵芝抗氧化自由基功效,更好地发挥抗疲劳和增强免疫力双重作用。再辅以补虚清热的绞股蓝,使气血充盈的同时清热解毒,肝肾等脏腑功能得到更好发挥,以此达到“益气健脾、滋补肝肾”的保健功效,从而有效的增强免疫力。绞股蓝多甙对癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,可以调节内分泌系统的功能,提高机体免疫力。绞股蓝益气健脾,化痰止咳,清热解毒为使药。本发明的组合物全方诸药合用,共奏扶正固本,益气健脾,温肾阳,滋补肝,通血脉,协调保护心、脑、肾、肝等重要脏器免遭自由基的侵害,强化机体抗氧化自由基功效,增强免疫力,抗疲劳,滋补肝肾。
具体实施方式
展示一下实例来具体说明本发明的某些实施例,且不应解释为限制本发明的范围。对本发明公开的内容可以同时从材料、方法和反应条件进行改进,所有这些改进,均应落入本发明的的精神和范围之内。
实施例1:提取物的制备
1、西洋参提取物制法
西洋参采用水提取,5倍水量煎煮2h,煎煮3次,合并提取液浓缩,水洗,60%乙醇洗脱收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后75-80℃干燥,粉碎过80目筛网获得提取物。
2、灵芝提取物制法
灵芝经原料筛选、原料分级和清洗、原料粉碎后,采用12倍水量煎煮提取3次,每次2h,静置24h后浓缩干燥获得提取物。
3、淫羊藿提取物制法
淫羊藿经拣选、粉碎至12mm后,浸泡12h,用8倍量70%乙醇热回流提取2次,每次1.5h,干燥获得提取物。
4、沙棘提取物制法
沙棘经清洗、干燥,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取脱油,萃取压力为30-35MPa,萃取温度为40-45℃,二氧化碳流量为15kg/h-25kg/h,萃取时间为1-3小时。然后90℃乙醇回流提取6h,浓缩至粘稠状,喷雾干燥,获得沙棘提取物。
5、绞股蓝提取物制法
绞股蓝全草除杂质、洗净、干燥,粉成粗粉,加6倍量质量浓度为65%乙醇水溶液回流提取3次,每次2小时。过滤,滤液合并,在60℃(-0.085Mpa)减压浓缩至无醇味,浓缩液静置24小时,过滤。滤液加正丁醇萃取,弃去水液,减压浓缩正丁醇液至相对密度为1.25~1.30g/cm3浸膏,浸膏喷粉干燥(进风145℃,出风95℃)粉碎过80目筛,得绞股蓝提取物。
实施例2:
1、配方西洋参提取物20g、淫羊藿提取物30g、沙棘提取物80g、灵芝提取物40g和绞股蓝提取物60g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入60℃纯净水700g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心15min、微波杀菌14min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实施例3:
1、配方西洋参提取物30g、淫羊藿提取物20g、沙棘提取物40g、灵芝提取物20g和绞股蓝提取物40g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入70℃纯净水600g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心25min、微波杀菌10min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实施例4:
1、配方西洋参提取物30g、淫羊藿提取物30g、沙棘提取物50g、灵芝提取物40g和绞股蓝提取物50g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入80℃纯净水800g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心30min、微波杀菌15min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实施例5:
1、配方西洋参提取物50g、淫羊藿提取物30g、沙棘提取物60g、灵芝提取物50g和绞股蓝提取物50g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入80℃纯净水900g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心35min、微波杀菌16min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实施例6:
1、配方西洋参提取物40g、淫羊藿提取物30g、沙棘提取物55g、灵芝提取物45g和绞股蓝提取物50g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入80℃纯净水700g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心35min、微波杀菌18min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实施例7:
1、配方西洋参提取物60g、淫羊藿提取物40g、沙棘提取物40g、灵芝提取物60g和绞股蓝提取物40g
2、按照上述成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入80℃纯净水1000g,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心40min、微波杀菌18min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
实验例1:
实验例采用的试验样品为按实施例2的处方制备的。试验过程如下:
SPF级昆明小鼠,200只,雌性,3周龄,体重18~22g,小鼠按体重随机分为20组,每组10只。将20组小鼠分成5个实验组,每个实验组的40只动物分为4组(西洋参灵芝口服液高、中、低剂量组及阴性对照组)。第1实验组:ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验和NK细胞活性测定;第2实验组:迟发型变态反应(DTH)实验;第3实验组:血清溶血素测定和抗体生成细胞检测;第4实验组:小鼠碳廓清实验、胸腺和脾脏脏/体比值;第5实验组:小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验。设口服液高、中、低剂量分别为0.7、0.5、0.2ml/kg,相当于人体推荐量的3、2、1倍剂量。阴性对照组给予等体积蒸馏水。每天灌胃1次,连续30d。检测西洋参灵芝口服液对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素水平、抗体生成细胞数、小鼠碳廓清能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力及NK细胞活性等免疫指标的影响。
1、体重及淋巴器官脏器/体重比值测定
每周称量所有动物体重,结束时处死小鼠。取出第4实验组小鼠的胸腺和脾脏,称重并计算脏/体比值。脏/体(%)=脏器重量/动物体重×100%。
表1实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠体重的影响
表1显示,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组小鼠整个试验过程中体重与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
表2实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠淋巴器官脏器/体重比值的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 胸腺/体重比重 | 脾脏/体重比重 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 0.42±0.07 | 0.37±0.11 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 0.40±0.08 | 0.36±0.16 |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.39±0.11 | 0.35±0.19 |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 0.38±0.09 | 0.36±0.10 |
表2数据显示,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组小鼠胸腺/体重比值和脾脏/体重比值与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验及NK细胞活性测定
末次给药后,无菌取脾(第1实验组小鼠),研磨制成单个脾细胞悬液后分成两份(1号和2号)。1号悬液用CCK-8法检测经ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖能力;以2号悬液为效应细胞,以LDH测定法计算NK细胞活性。
表3实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对ConA诱导小鼠淋巴细胞转化的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 加ConA孔与不加ConA孔OD差值 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 0.052±0.010 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 0.184±0.025 |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.096±0.017 |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 0.048±0.016 |
表3数据显示,与阴性对照组比较,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液中剂量和高剂量组小鼠加ConA孔与不加ConA孔OD的差值均存在显著性差异,说明其能增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力。
表4实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠NK细胞活性的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | NK细胞活性 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 31.3±10.4 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 61.8±16.5* |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 56.1±15.2* |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 43.5±13.7 |
表4数据表明,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组小鼠NK细胞活性与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),判定该实验结果为阳性,说明本发明的中药组合物可增强小鼠NK细胞活性。
3、二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠DTH实验
用1%DNFB致敏小鼠5d后,再用1%DNFB刺激右耳,24h后剪下左右耳。用打孔器取下直径8mm的耳片后分别称重,以左右耳的重量之差来反映DTH的程度。
表5实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对DNFB诱导小鼠DTH反应的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | DNFB诱导DTH左右耳重量差 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 15.5±3.3 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 22.3±2.8** |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 20.5±2.6** |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 18.8±3.1** |
注:与阴性对照组比较,**P<0.01;DNFB:二硝基氟苯;DTH:迟发型变态反应
表5数据表明,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液均能促进小鼠对DNFB诱发的DTH反应,与阴性对照组比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),判定该实验结果阳性。
4、血清溶血素测定及抗体生成细胞检测
将脱纤维处理后的羊血用生理盐水洗涤3次,1500r/min离心10min。每只鼠经腹腔注射2%(V/V)SRBC 0.2mL进行免疫。第5天按“血凝法”标准观察血球凝集程度进行血清溶血素的测定,计算抗体水平。随后处死小鼠,制备脾细胞悬液,调整细胞浓度为5×106个/mL。按“Jerne改良玻片法”标准进行检测,计数溶血空斑数,以空斑数/106脾细胞表示抗体生成细胞数。
表6实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 血清溶血素(抗体水平) |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 67.6±16.9 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 125.2±24.2* |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 119.5±22.6* |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 104.6±19.2** |
注:与阴性对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表6显示,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组均能升高血清溶血素水平,与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),判定该实验结果阳性。
表7实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠抗体生成细胞的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 溶血空斑数 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 148±77 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 236±89 |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 205±72 |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 172±69 |
表7数据显示,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组的溶血空斑数与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明其能增强抗体生成细胞能力。
5、小鼠碳廓清实验
末次给药后,称体重,从小鼠尾静脉注射稀释4倍的印度墨汁,注入后2、10min,分别从内眦静脉丛取血20μL,并立即加到2mL 0.1%Na2CO3溶液中。以0.1%Na2CO3溶液作空白对照,酶标仪检测600nm波长处的OD值。将小鼠处死,取肝脏和脾脏,称重,计算吞噬指数。
按下式计算吞噬指数α:
K=(lgOD1–lgOD2)/(t2-t1)
表8实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠碳廓清功能的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 吞噬指数 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 3.42±0.55 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 5.69±0.76 |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 5.13±0.63* |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 4.78±0.88** |
与阴性对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表8结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液高、中、低剂量组的碳廓清吞噬指数有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),即实施例2的高、中、低剂量组能提高小鼠的碳廓清能力。
6、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验
每只小鼠腹腔注射2%(V/V)SRBC 0.2mL,96h后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,按“滴片法”检测,计算吞噬率和吞噬指数。
吞噬率%=吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数/100个巨噬细胞*100
吞噬指数=被吞噬的鸡红细胞总数/100个巨噬细胞
表9实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬
鸡红细胞能力的影响
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 只数 | 吞噬率% | 吞噬指数 |
阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 18.50±2.29 | 0.32±0.05 |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 10 | 22.17±4.01 | 0.47±0.03 |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 10 | 21.36±3.74 | 0.45±0.05 |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 10 | 20.15±2.64 | 0.41±0.04 |
表9结果显示:与阴性对照组相比,高剂量组小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率有显著性差异(P<0.05),即实施例2高剂量组组均能提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬率;高剂量组小鼠的巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬指数有显著性差异(P<0.05),即实施例2高剂量组能提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬指数。
本发明从细胞免疫、体液免疫、吞噬功能、NK细胞功能检测本发明制备的口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响,并观察其对动物体重和免疫器官的影响,结果显示:DNFB诱导小鼠DTH实验中,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组左右耳片重量差值与阴性对照组比较有显著性差异,可促进小鼠DTH;血清溶血素测定实验中,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组抗体水平与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性意义,可提高血清溶血素水平;碳廓清实验中,实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液中、低剂量组吞噬指数与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性意义,可提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬能力;NK细胞活性测定实验中,实施例2的口服液高、中剂量组LDH含量与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性意义,可增强小鼠NK细胞活性。实施例2制备的西洋参灵芝口服液各剂量组能增强脾淋巴细胞增值转化能力、增强抗体生成细胞数及提高巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力。
实验例2:
实验例2采用的试验样品为按实施例2的处方制备的。试验过程如下:
SPF级昆明小鼠50只,雌性,3周龄,体重18~22g。50只动物分为5组(正常对照组,西洋参灵芝口服液高、中、低剂量组及模型组),每组10只。西洋参灵芝口服液高、中、低给药剂量分别为0.7、0.5、0.2ml/kg,相当于人体推荐量的3、2、1倍剂量;正常组及模型组给予纯净水。每天给药1次,连续14d。给药45min后,正常对照组给予生理盐水(13ml/kg),其余组均灌胃给予白酒(13ml/kg),每天一次,连续14d。末次给药后,小鼠自由饮水、禁食24h后眼眶静脉丛采血1ml于离心管,静置20min,3500rpm/min,离心10min,分离血清。
按照生化测定试剂盒说明书,对小鼠血清ALT、AST含量进行检测。检测结果见表10。
表10各组小鼠血清ALT、AST含量比较
组别 | 剂量(ml/kg) | 白酒(ml/kg) | ALT(IU/L) | AST(IU/L) |
正常对照组 | 0 | 0 | 33.59±6.17 | 47.25±5.17 |
模型组 | 0 | 13 | 84.98±4.73** | 105.23±10.69** |
高剂量组 | 0.7 | 13 | 43.52±7.01* | 59.63±8.22* |
中剂量组 | 0.5 | 13 | 45.13±3.71* | 70.68±6.56 |
低剂量组 | 0.2 | 13 | 50.82±6.74 | 66.36±7.59* |
**P<0.01,*P<0.5
表10结果显示:与正常对照组比较,模型组ALT含量上升了约51.39IU/L、AST含量约上升了57.98IU/L(p<0.01)。当肝组织有损伤时,血清中ALT、AST的含量会显著上升,试验中模型组这两组数据都呈上升趋势,说明肝损伤模型构建成功了。与模型组相比,药物组ALT含量下降了34.16-41.46IU/L、AST含量下降了34.55-45.6IU/L,有显著差异(p<0.05),说明西洋参灵芝口服液对酒精造成的肝损伤有一定的保护作用。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物2-6份、淫羊藿提取物2-4份、沙棘提取物4-8份、灵芝提取物2-6份和绞股蓝提取物4-6份;所述西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物为水提取物,所述淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物、绞股蓝提取物均为醇提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物3-5份、淫羊藿提取物3份、沙棘提取物5-6份、灵芝提取物4-5份和绞股蓝提取物5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份的成分组成:西洋参提取物4份、淫羊藿提取物3份、沙棘提取物5.5份、灵芝提取物4.5份和绞股蓝提取物5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述醇选自甲醇或乙醇。
5.一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、取西洋参,加2-8倍水量煎煮提取,提取液浓缩;水洗浓缩物后,用质量浓度为60%乙醇水溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后经干燥、粉碎获得西洋参提取物;
步骤2、灵芝粉碎后,用8-16倍水量煎煮提取,得到灵芝提取物;
步骤3、淫羊藿粉碎后,用6-10倍量醇溶液热回流提取,得到淫羊藿提取物;
步骤4、沙棘经超临界二氧化碳萃取脱油后,醇提取,提取液浓缩至粘稠状,喷雾干燥,获得沙棘提取物;所述萃取压力为30-35MPa,萃取温度为40-45℃,二氧化碳流量为15-25kg/h,萃取时间为1-3小时;
步骤5、绞股蓝全草粉碎,加4-8倍量醇溶液回流提取;提取液过滤,滤液合并,减压浓缩至无醇味,浓缩液静置24小时,过滤;滤液加正丁醇萃取,弃去水液,减压浓缩正丁醇液至相对密度为1.25~1.30g/cm3浸膏,浸膏喷粉干燥、粉碎后得绞股蓝提取物;
步骤6、按照权利要求1-4任一项的成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,制成临床或药学上可接受的片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、缓释制剂、速释制剂、口服液体制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种增强人体免疫力的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,按照权利要求1-4任一项的成分组成取西洋参提取物、灵芝提取物、淫羊藿提取物、沙棘提取物和绞股蓝提取物混匀,加入60-80℃纯净水60-100份,充分搅拌;依次经2500转离心15-40min、微波杀菌10-18min后分装于灭菌后的瓶子中,获得用于增加人体免疫力的口服液体。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的中药组合物在制备增强免疫力或制备抑制肿瘤药物中的应用。
8.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的中药组合物在制备增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳的保健品中的应用。
9.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的中药组合物在制备保肝护肝药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的中药组合物在制备保肝药物中的应用,其特征在于,针对酒精造成的肝损伤,所述保肝护肝药物应用于降低血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶。
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