CN109528627B - 一种Ru-BSA水凝胶及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种Ru-BSA水凝胶及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
癌症即恶性肿瘤,是由于控制细胞分裂增殖机制失常而使得癌细胞无限增殖引发的疾病。癌细胞可以浸润到肿瘤周围的正常组织中,也可以通过体内的循环系统和淋巴系统转移到体内其他组织,从而使病情失控。由于癌细胞的侵入性,正常细胞与癌细胞往往混杂在一起,因此抗癌药物的靶向性显得格外重要。即对正常细胞低毒性,对癌细胞高毒性,减小对正常组织的损害,降低毒副作用。
铂类抗癌剂是一类使用最广的抗癌药物,但其靶向性弱,毒副作用大,耐药性强等问题限制了其适用范围,因此研究转向类铂药物。有钌配合物因其高的荧光量子产率、良好的生物相容性、强的细胞渗透性等特点,在细胞器染料、荧光示踪、分子探针和抗肿瘤药物等研究领域获得了极大的关注。
铂、钌等金属配合物药物属于小分子药物,其有一定的局限性:小分子药物在体内代谢时间短,会很快被代谢出体外,导致肿瘤组织中药物积累量少,为了达到治疗效果,只能提高摄入量,而这会引起剂量导致的毒性,加上小分子药物的非特异性吸收、体内分布范围广等特点,使得药物毒副作用增加。所以如果能够构建合适的材料在肿瘤处持续给药,将大大提高抗癌药物对肿瘤的疗效。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种Ru-BSA水凝胶及其制备方法与应用,旨在构建合适的材料在肿瘤处持续给药,以大大提高抗癌药物对肿瘤的疗效。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种Ru-BSA水凝胶,其中,所述Ru-BSA水凝胶主要由钌配合物和牛血清蛋白凝胶复合而成;
所述钌配合物的结构式如下所示:
所述牛血清蛋白凝胶的结构式如下所示:
所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的结构式如下所示:
一种本发明所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的制备方法,其中,包括步骤:
将钌配合物母液与PBS缓冲液混合均匀,得到钌配合物溶液;
将牛血清蛋白粉末溶解在PBS缓冲液中,得到牛血清蛋白溶液;
将所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液混合,然后加入戊二醛溶液,反应5-6min,得到所述Ru-BSA水凝胶。
所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的制备方法,其中,所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液的摩尔浓度约比为1000:1。
一种本发明所述Ru-BSA水凝胶在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
有益效果:本发明中,所述Ru-BSA水凝胶更易被癌细胞摄取,且所述Ru-BSA水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白能够在体内环境中不断酶解,从而持续性释放药物分子,提高了药物的利用率,进而大大提高了药物对肿瘤的疗效。
附图说明
图1为本发明Ru-BSA水凝胶体系的构建示意图。
图2为实施例中钌配合物的合成流程图。
图3为实施例中ICP-OES测得钌元素的释放增长曲线示意图。
图4中(a)为实施例中用Ru-BSA水凝胶([Ru]=20μm,4h)孵育的HEP-G2细胞的共聚焦显微镜图像;(b)是(a)中的放大视图。其中,绿色荧光图像 ex=405nm, em=50030nm;红色荧光图像 ex=488nm, em=60030nm。
图5中(a)为实施例中HEP-G2细胞与Ru-BSA水凝胶([Ru]=20μm,4 h)和MitoTracker® Green(500 nm,30min)混合的共聚焦显微镜图像;(b)为实施例中HEP-G2细胞与Ru-BSA水凝胶([Ru]=20μm,4 h)和LysoTracker® Red(500 nm,30分钟)混合的共聚焦显微镜图像。
图6中(a)为实施例中用Ru配合物和Ru-BSA水凝胶孵育HEP-G2癌细胞48h后的细胞活力示意图;(b)为实施例中用Ru配合物和Ru-BSA水凝胶孵育LO2正常细胞48h后的细胞活力示意图;其中浓度基于钌分子。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种Ru-BSA水凝胶及其制备方法与应用,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供一种Ru-BSA水凝胶(钌配合物-牛血清蛋白水凝胶),其中,所述Ru-BSA水凝胶主要由钌配合物和牛血清蛋白凝胶复合而成;
所述钌配合物的结构式如下所示:
所述牛血清蛋白凝胶的结构式如下所示:
所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的结构式如下所示:
本实施例中,选取的所述钌配合物具有荧光特性,并且具有一定的靶向性,能够特异性的在只在癌细胞中富集;选取的所述牛血清蛋白凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,自愈性、简单易制备,在体内环境中能够不断酶解。为了提高金属药物的利用率,构建了如上所述的可降解的Ru-BSA水凝胶复合体系,所述Ru-BSA水凝胶更易被癌细胞摄取,且所述Ru-BSA水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白凝胶能够在体内环境中不断酶解,从而持续性释放药物分子,提高药物的利用率,进而大大提高了药物对肿瘤的疗效。
需说明的是,本发明实施例不限于牛血清蛋白凝胶与钌配合物构建复合体系,所述牛血清蛋白凝胶还可以与其他功能的金属配合物构建复合体系,亦可以与负载有金属配合物的纳米颗粒构建复合体系。
本发明实施例提供一种如上所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的制备方法,其中,包括步骤:
将钌配合物母液与PBS缓冲液混合均匀,得到钌配合物溶液;
将牛血清蛋白粉末溶解在PBS缓冲液中,得到牛血清蛋白溶液;
将所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液混合,然后加入戊二醛溶液,得到所述Ru-BSA水凝胶,见图1所示。
本实施例中,BSA中赖氨酸残基上的氨基与戊二醛的醛基反应,形成BSA-NHRNH-BSA交联体系,同时,钌配合物中的羧基与BSA中的氨基脱水缩合,使钌配合物与BSA交联复合,等待5-6 min,溶液即可形成所述Ru-BSA水凝胶复合体系。
优选地,所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液的摩尔浓度比为1000:1。
本发明实施例提供一种如上所述Ru-BSA水凝胶在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。所述Ru-BSA水凝胶具有良好的荧光特性以及抗癌活性,在癌症的诊断和治疗上有很大的发展潜力。所述Ru-BSA水凝胶复合体系用于肿瘤的治疗,有望改善和提高临床肿瘤药物的应用。
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明。
1、钌配合物的合成(见图2)
(1)配体的合成
取1.6g的3,4-二氨基甲酸加入到15mL乙醇溶液中,再配置含有1.5g醋酸铜的25mL水溶液,加入1.3g的2-吡啶甲醛和0.4g的甲胺,再把两份溶液混合,水浴加热2h;过滤除去产生的铜络合物黑色沉淀,为了进一步分离杂质,往悬浮滤液里加入5.2g的九水合硫化钠,水浴加热0.5h,用热水趁热过滤除去硫化铜沉淀,再加入适量盐酸酸化滤液,产生的H2S也从溶液中蒸发除去,冷却至室温后,过滤出沉淀,用乙醇重结晶后得到配体,产率为63%。1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.77 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 2H),8.03 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H),7.56 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO): δ 168.25,152.10, 150.07, 149.38, 142.01, 140.59, 137.98, 125.59, 125.13, 125.06,124.70, 121.67, 111.22, 33.43。
(2)配合物前体[Ru(bpy)2cl2]的合成
取0.207g的三氯化钌固体和0.328g的二联吡啶粉末加入到15mL的DMF溶液中加入适量氯化锂,在氮气保护下回流反应5h的,冷却至室温后,往混合溶液中加入含有6.8g连二亚硫酸钠的水溶液,混合均匀后放入冰箱,静置过夜后,抽滤,黑色沉淀用水和乙醚洗涤数次,得到配合物前体。
(3)钌配合物的合成
取配合物前体0.1mmol和配体0.21mmol加入到10mL的乙二醇乙醚溶液中,把混合溶液置于磁力搅拌加热器中,在氮气保护下,加热到120℃后回流反应5h,冷却至室温后,加入过量的六氟磷酸铵饱和水溶液,抽滤,用水和乙醚润洗后得到粗产物,再用乙腈作为流动相,置于柱色谱中进一步纯化得到产物,产率为74%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ): δ8.84 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 3H), 8.75 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.07 – 7.92 (m, 6H), 7.85(t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.68 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.53 –7.48 (m, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J = 15.7, 9.8 Hz, 3H), 7.36 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.43(s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6 ): δ 166.03, 159.36, 159.32,158.56, 158.52, 156.63, 151.80, 151.14, 150.91, 150.28, 150.13, 149.96,149.16, 139.19, 138.41, 136.84, 136.52, 136.41, 136.28, 135.99, 127.86,127.74, 127.64, 127.43, 125.95, 125.88, 124.12, 124.09, 123.92, 123.80,123.48, 116.49, 111.98, 32.25. ESI-MS: 756.1([M–2PF6–H]+ )。
2、Ru-BSA水凝胶体系的构建
(1)配置5mM的钌配合物母液(溶剂为DMSO),背光保存。
(2)取200 μL的钌配合物母液,再加入800 μL的PBS缓冲液,混合均匀,得到钌配合物溶液。
(3)用6 mL的10x PBS缓冲液溶解500 mg牛血清蛋白粉末,放入数控超声波清洗器中进行超声,超声10分钟,使牛血清蛋白粉末完全溶解在10x PBS缓冲液中,得到牛血清蛋白溶液。
(4)用移液枪吸取800 μL的牛血清蛋白溶液于小玻璃瓶中,再吸取200 μL的钌配合物溶液(按照实验情况,配制相应浓度的钌配合物),然后用移液枪吸取4 μL的戊二醛溶液,BSA蛋白中的赖氨酸残基上的氨基与戊二醛的醛基反应,形成BSA-NHRNH-BSA交联体系,同时,钌配合物进入到水凝胶的孔洞中,凝胶交联复合,等待5 min,溶液形成Ru-BSA水凝胶。
3、凝胶的体外释放药物实验
水凝胶具有良好的生物降解性,在生物体内会被特定的酶分解,在分解过程中会不断释放被负载的药物,从而达到所追求的长时间给药的特性,弥补小分子药物的局限性。体外药物释放实验模拟Ru-BSA hydrogel被酶解的情况。取K蛋白酶配置成1mg/mL的K蛋白酶溶液,取等大的Ru-BSA水凝胶(约0.05g)置于2mL K蛋白酶溶液中分别放置0h,1h,2h,4h,12h,24h,然后使用ICP-OES测定溶液中钌元素的含量,这样就能反映水凝胶在酶参与的情况下释放药物的情况。经观察发现,随着时间增加溶液中钌配合物的浓度越来越高,溶液的颜色也在加深,使用ICP-OES测得溶液中钌元素的含量见图3所示。
4、激光共聚焦下的细胞成像
由于Ru-BSA水凝胶的发光性能,利用激光共聚焦显微镜研究了其在活体细胞中的分布。图4为在两种不同的激发波长(x=405 nm,±488 nm)下的图像,由图可见,在405 nm激光激发下,观察到绿色荧光,绿色荧光图像为Ru-BSA水凝胶的BSA部分,在405 nm激光激发下没有观察到红色荧光。然而,在488 nm激光激发下,从Ru-BSA水凝胶的Ru配合物中观察到红色荧光。综合两种波长下的图像,绿色和红色的荧光在活细胞中的不同位置表现出来。图5进一步展示了Ru-BSA水凝胶在线粒体中聚集的钌配合物(红色荧光),与线粒体染料的共定位系数为86%。Ru-BSA水凝胶的BSA部分(绿色荧光)位于溶酶体中,与溶酶体的共定位系数为78%。综上所述,推测Ru-BSA水凝胶首先通过内吞作用进入细胞内,然后通过酶降解Ru-BSA水凝胶,释放出钌分子并最终积累在线粒体中。
5、细胞毒性实验
进一步研究了Ru配合物、BSA水凝胶和Ru-BSA水凝胶对癌细胞和正常细胞的毒性。结果表明,BSA溶液和BSA水凝胶对癌细胞和正常细胞几乎没有细胞毒性(BSA溶液和BSA水凝胶的细胞活力均在90%以上),用Ru配合物对HEP-G2和LO2孵育48h测得的IC50值约为100μm(图6)。同时,Ru-BSA水凝胶对HEP-G2癌细胞的毒性很高(IC50=15.6±1.3μm),但对正常的肝细胞LO2细胞毒性不高(IC50=93.2±4.6μm)。结果表明,Ru-BSA水凝胶与单纯的钌配合物相比具有更强的抗癌活性,对癌细胞和非癌细胞具有较高的选择性。
综上所述,Ru-BSA水凝胶具有良好的荧光特性以及抗癌活性,在癌症的诊断和治疗上有很大的发展潜力。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (4)
2.一种权利要求1所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
将钌配合物母液与PBS缓冲液混合均匀,得到钌配合物溶液;
将牛血清蛋白粉末溶解在PBS缓冲液中,得到牛血清蛋白溶液;
将所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液混合,然后加入戊二醛溶液,反应5-6min,得到所述Ru-BSA水凝胶。
3.根据权利要求2所述Ru-BSA水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述牛血清蛋白溶液与钌配合物溶液的摩尔浓度比为1000:1。
4.一种权利要求1所述Ru-BSA水凝胶在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
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