CN109526611A - Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass cheats plant method - Google Patents
Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass cheats plant method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526611A CN109526611A CN201811500338.8A CN201811500338A CN109526611A CN 109526611 A CN109526611 A CN 109526611A CN 201811500338 A CN201811500338 A CN 201811500338A CN 109526611 A CN109526611 A CN 109526611A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass to cheat plant method, and selecting typical Tongjiang shallow lake beach is cultural area, and underground water buried depth is in 28cm between 32cm;Determine the cultivation Best Times of the seedling of submerged plant eel grass in early April to the middle ten days;Screen that upgrowth situation is good, the complete eel grass seedling of root system;Determine that the size and depth in the field planting hole of optimum plantation eel grass, specification are 40cm × 40cm × 40cm;Determine eel grass spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3m × 3m;By 1~2 eel grass seedling plantation in field planting hole;The ecological index of cultural area dominant species is monitored, and carries out growth period water table management and habitat preparation.Submerged plant eel grass is after the field planting of lake beach, it can successfully pass the winter, be nourished and generated by underground stem tuber, or zoogamy is carried out by fruit, do not need second year be colonized again can natural propagation, provide provenance abundant for big lake surface submerged plant eel grass spontaneous recovery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ecological recovery technology more particularly to a kind of Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass
(Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara) cheats plant method.
Background technique
The lake of large area is often distributed in riverine two sides, these lakes are the important places of fish migration and breeding, together
When be also important birds winter habitat, play an important role in the continuity of animals and plants species life, be important ecological function
It can area.With the development of economy, the utilization intensity of wetland resource gradually increases, and the ecological process of lake and marshland is seriously done
It disturbs.Meanwhile culture fishery is quickly grown, seining cultivation destroys lake aquatic vegetation seriously, especially submerged plant
It almost disappears, therefore has seriously affected the safety of entire lake aquatic ecosystem.To maintain Tongjiang shallow lake aquatic ecological
The integrality of system structure, the stability of function and bio-diversity abundant, aquatic vegetation urgently restore, and especially lake is heavy
Water vegetation sociales eel grass.
Lake beach be between lake many years year peak level average value and year lowest water level average value between lakeside
Area is the environment area of lake waters Yu the mutual transition in the land Huan Hu.Since the Laws of Hydrologic of Tongjiang shallow lake is
It is with dry season (October in the first year to second year April) and wet season (May to October), i.e., heavy in March and April
The best period of water plant eel grass germination and growth is the dry season of Tongjiang shallow lake, and water level is very low, and lake region is mostly beach.Cause
This, the growth and development process of lake shoal area submerged plant eel grass can not reach an agreement with lake hydrological process, cannot be by
Start to sprout as scheduled in the April according to its history of life, loses best sprouting period, it is difficult to survive.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass to cheat plant method, solves heavy water and plants
Object eel grass is colonized problem in Tongjiang shallow lake beach, is colonized eel grass successfully in lake beach, forms Submerged plant communities, with
Restore integrality, the stability of function and the bio-diversity abundant of Tongjiang shallow lake beach aquatic ecosystem structure.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass of the invention cheats plant method, comprising steps of
A, cultural area selects: selecting typical Tongjiang shallow lake beach is cultural area, underground water buried depth exists
28cm is between 32cm;
B, it determines the time of cultivation: determining the cultivation Best Times of the seedling of submerged plant eel grass in early April into
Ten days;
C, the selection of eel grass seedling, lifting, transhipment: upgrowth situation is good for screening, the complete eel grass seedling of root system;
D, it determines the size in field planting hole: determining the size and depth in the field planting hole of optimum plantation eel grass, specification 40cm
×40cm×40cm;
E, design cultivation specification: eel grass spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3m × 3m is determined;
F, it excavates field planting to cheat and be colonized eel grass: excavating specification in wetland beach according to the cultivation specification of design and be suitably colonized
Hole, after being colonized in hole the water that permeates the ground, by 1~2 eel grass seedling plantation in field planting hole;
G, the ecological index of cultural area dominant species is monitored, and carries out growth period water table management and habitat is matched
System.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, shallow lake beach in Tongjiang provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Eel grass seedling cheats plant method, solves Tongjiang shallow lake beach Growth And Development of Submergent Macrophyte Vallisneria Natans Hara process and lake hydrological mistake
The inconsistent problem of journey, is colonized submerged plant eel grass successfully in lake beach, substantially increases the survival rate of eel grass, and can be fast
Speed reaches required eel grass biomass.The cultivation specification of design also reduces the waste of eel grass seedling and manually plants simultaneously
Workload.Using submerged plant eel grass as tool kind, Submerged plant communities are formed, only big lake face submerged plant eel grass is not naturally extensive
Provenance abundant is provided again, and the also biodiversity restoration for Tongjiang shallow lake provides habitat conditions, makes aquatic ecosystem
It is more firm, give full play to the service function of its aquatic ecosystem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that method flow signal is planted in Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass provided in an embodiment of the present invention hole
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail below.What is be not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention is interior
Appearance belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass seedling of the invention cheats plant method, preferable specific embodiment party
Formula comprising steps of
A, cultural area selects: selecting typical Tongjiang shallow lake beach is cultural area, underground water buried depth exists
28cm is between 32cm;
B, it determines the time of cultivation: determining the cultivation Best Times of submerged plant eel grass seedling in early April to the middle ten days;
C, the selection of eel grass seedling, lifting, transhipment: upgrowth situation is good for screening, the complete eel grass seedling of root system;
D, it determines the size in field planting hole: determining the size and depth in the field planting hole of optimum plantation eel grass, specification 40cm
×40cm×40cm;
E, design cultivation specification: eel grass spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3m × 3m is determined;
F, it excavates field planting to cheat and be colonized eel grass: excavating specification in wetland beach according to the cultivation specification of design and be suitably colonized
Hole, after being colonized in hole the water that permeates the ground, by 1~2 eel grass seedling plantation in field planting hole;
G, the ecological index of cultural area dominant species is monitored, and carries out growth period water table management and habitat is matched
System.
Include: in the step A
Project Areas is scheduled on underground water buried depth in 30cm or so according to the hydrological variation of Tongjiang shallow lake, and other humidogenes
Vegetation and the less wetland beach gold Bao Xu of aquatic vegetation, bird's nest country fair, illumination needed for cultural area should provide eel grass existence are strong
Degree and nutritional condition, and provide certain space for the existence of eel grass, and the hydrological variation in the last palpus guarantee region later period should be with
It is consistent that eel grass is colonized later growth and development process.
Include: in above-mentioned steps C
Selection, lifting, the transhipment of seedling: seedling will select to grow at low water level higher preferable, and height of seedling exists
The seedling of 20cm~25cm or so, lifting mode is using manual lifting.Long 60cm, wide 45cm are put into after quick metering, it is high
It in 35cm plastic crate, is wrapped with geotextiles, water is sprinkled before transport, to prevent seedling dehydration during transportation;
Should ensure that healthy and strong for the seedling of plant its growing way, root system is complete, no disease and pests harm, without weeds, be not dehydrated;
It should accomplish when shipping seedling: with light packs, put down gently, gently unload, it is ensured that seedling is not damaged;
Should check quantity when shipment, check specification and quality: seedling haulage time should select in the morning or night, principle
It is upper guarantee with rise, with dress, with fortune.It to be covered in transportational process, is windproof, against sunshine, be unable to weight, guarantee humidity, prevent from being dehydrated.
Include: in step D, F
According to wetland beach underground water buried depth situation, the environmental condition in conjunction with needed for eel grass growth, by the specification in field planting hole
It is designed as length × width × height=40cm × 40cm × 40cm, first unifies cultivation specification and field planting pit-size according to design, measures
Specification determines site, and the tools hand excavations such as spade field planting hole is utilized to wait Groundwater infiltration to be colonized after being colonized hole digging well afterwards
In hole, so that field planting is cheated the interior more moist soft convenience of soil and manually plant, facilitate the successful field planting of eel grass seedling, manually will
For the plantation of eel grass seedling in field planting hole, when plantation, will be such that eel grass root system is all fixed in soil.
Include: in the step G
After plant is completed, once monitored every 2 weeks, monitoring index includes mean depth, Project Areas eel grass population
The ecological index (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate, setting percentage) of cover degree, ramet number and eel grass, and the life for passing through eel grass
Long height carries out reasonable water level adjustment;In order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of water body, sufficient illumination item is provided for eel grass
Part and nutritional condition remove other water plants strong with eel grass growth competition, in time in order to avoid larger fish is to eel grass
Food is herded, removes the larger fish in water body ahead of time.
In lake, beach is existed using field planting technology (referred to as hole planting technology) field planting eel grass of seeping water of digging pit according to certain specification
Lake beach excavates field planting hole, and field planting penetrates into a certain amount of underground water in hole, provides water for submerged plant eel grass seedling growth
Point, it is colonized it normally April in lake beach according to the history of life, is gradually increasing then as lake level, eel grass is normal
Growth, finally reaches its maximum biomass in the wet season.The present invention is to plant submerged plant eel grass seedling in lake beach
Field planting hole in, be grown into after eel grass seedling direct planting, its history of life and Tongjiang shallow lake hydrological variation can be made to reach
Consistent method, to solve the problems, such as that submerged plant eel grass is colonized in Tongjiang shallow lake beach.
The selected submerged plant eel grass of the present invention be it is perennial, after the field planting of lake beach, by underground stem tuber into
Row is nourished and generated, or carries out zoogamy by fruit, and abundant kind can be provided for the spontaneous recovery of big lake surface submerged plant eel grass
Source, not needing that second year is colonized again being capable of natural propagation.
The feature that the present invention is slow according to the Tongjiang shallow lake beach gradient, underground water buried depth is shallow uses hole to adaptation to local conditions
Plant method excavates field planting hole in lake beach in dry season, and field planting eel grass is real after being colonized and penetrating into a certain amount of underground water in hole
Raw seedling, is gradually increasing, eel grass normal growth then as lake level, finally reaches its maximum biomass in the wet season, success
Ground solve lake shoal area submerged plant eel grass growth and development process and lake hydrological process it is inconsistent, it is fixed that eel grass is difficult to
The problem of plant.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
In Tongjiang shallow lake beach, rebuild using submerged plant eel grass as the aquatic vegetation of sociales, it is shallow to Tongjiang
Water lake beach carries out aquatic ecosystem reparation.After submerged plant eel grass forms advantage group, it is formed by submerged plant group
Border of being born for aquatic animal provides bait and breeding place, and eel grass underground stem tuber provides food source abundant for winter bird,
Fruit provides provenance for the spontaneous recovery of big lake surface eel grass, restores the original aquatic ecosystem service function of Tongjiang shallow lake.
Submerged plant eel grass be it is perennial, lake beach field planting after, can successfully pass the winter, be nourished and generated by underground stem tuber,
Or by fruit carry out zoogamy, do not need not only second year be colonized again can natural propagation, also be big lake surface sink water
Plant eel grass spontaneous recovery provides provenance abundant.
Specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, selecting the heavy water of Tongjiang shallow lake according to the original aquatic vegetation characteristic distributions of Tongjiang shallow lake and planting
Object sociales eel grass is tool species, is shown in liter Jinhu County country fair mouth macrophyte planting that liter Jinhu County Nature Reserve provides
Under the support of model engineering project, in April, 2018 in October, 2018 in liter a Jin Baoxu for Jinhu County Nature Reserve, swallow
Two Xu Kou of nest country fair have carried out Tongjiang shallow lake beach eel grass hole and have planted technique study, are explored in dry season in Tongjiang shallow lake
The most suitable method of beach field planting eel grass.In lake, beach forms eel grass aquatic vegetation, constructs the Primary Production of high productivity
Person restores the service function of Tongjiang shallow lake aquatic ecosystem.
It specific implementation step and requires to include:
1, the region of selection cultivation:
Suitable Tongjiang shallow lake shoal area is selected according to the life habit of eel grass.Select underground water buried depth in 30cm
Left and right, and other hygrophilous vegetations and the less wetland beach of aquatic vegetation.Illumination needed for cultural area should provide eel grass existence
Intensity and nutritional condition, forbid putting herbivorous fishes such as grass carp in a suitable place to breed and are the life of eel grass using zoobenthos as the fish of food
It deposits and certain space is provided.It must guarantee that Regional Hydrologic variation is consistent with eel grass growth and development process after eel grass field planting.
2, the time of cultivation is determined:
Determine the cultivation Best Times of seedling in early April into according to the life habit of known submerged plant eel grass
Ten days.
3, the selection of eel grass seedling, lifting, transhipment:
Screening is grown on low water level region, is convenient for artificial lifting, upgrowth situation is good, height of seedling 20cm~25cm or so,
Root system is complete, no disease and pests harm, without weeds, the eel grass seedling that is not dehydrated.Lifting mode is using manual lifting.It is put after quick metering
Enter long 60cm, wide 45cm, in high 35cm plastic crate, is wrapped with geotextiles, water is sprinkled before transport, to prevent during transportation
Seedling dehydration.
It should accomplish when shipping seedling: with light packs, put down gently, gently unload, it is ensured that seedling is not damaged.Quantity should be checked when shipment, checked
Specification and quality.Seedling haulage time should select in the morning or night, principle guarantee with rise, with dress, with fortune.Transportational process
In to cover, it is windproof, against sunshine, be unable to weight, guarantee humidity, prevent from being dehydrated.
4, the size in field planting hole is determined:
According to the underground water buried depth situation of Tongjiang shallow lake beach, the size in the field planting hole of optimum plantation eel grass is determined
And depth.It is finally length × width × height=40cm × 40cm × 40cm by the specifications design in field planting hole.Can according to underground water buried depth,
In practical operation, appropriate adjustment is carried out.
5, design cultivation specification:
Since eel grass carries out quick effect nutrient breeding by stolon, according to field monitoring result it is found that required space is larger,
Therefore determine eel grass spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3m × 3m.
6, field planting hole is excavated to be colonized eel grass:
According to the cultivation specification of design, in lake, beach excavates specification with spade and is suitably colonized hole, seeps wait be colonized in hole
After entering a certain amount of underground water, manually eel grass seedling is planted in field planting hole, plants 1~2 eel grass in each field planting hole.
7, the ecological index of Project Areas submerged plant eel grass and its companion species is monitored, and carries out growth period water level pipe
Reason and habitat are prepared:
After being colonized successfully, once monitored every 2 weeks.Monitoring index includes the lid of mean depth, Project Areas eel grass population
Degree, ramet number and the ecological index (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate, setting percentage) of eel grass, pass through the growing height of eel grass
Carry out reasonable water level adjustment.In order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of water body, sufficient illumination condition and battalion are provided for eel grass
The condition of supporting removes other water plants strong with eel grass growth competition in time.In order to avoid larger fish herds food to eel grass, mention
The early larger fish removed in water body.
8, the ecological index of dominant species eel grass:
1. in late April, 2018 to October, this 6 months 1 times a week to the upgrowth situation of Project Areas aquatic vegetation into
Row monitoring.Development condition is good after the transplanting of eel grass seedling in April, and eel grass seedling height is 16cm, eel grass in cultural area
For survival rate up to 85%, each interior growth in field planting hole has 1~2 eel grass.
2. in May, 2018 eel grass grows fine, cultural area mean depth is 95cm at this time, and average height reaches 24cm,
Eel grass is colonized survival rate up to 75% in cultural area.
3. in June, 2018 eel grass well-grown is observed by eel grass in cheating to field planting, discovery eel grass is averaged plant height
For 46cm, average root shape stem length degree is 8.3cm, and average every plant of rhizomes, which can be sprouted, generates 3 new plants, every square metre of average lid
Degree is 82%.
4. in July, 2018 eel grass grows into epacme, density, cover degree, height, biomass are all obviously increased.At this time
Cultural area mean depth is 85cm, and every square metre of average cover degree reaches 90%, and average plant height is 58cm, average root shape stem length degree
For 11.6cm, average every plant of rhizomes, which can be sprouted, generates 4 new plants.
5. part eel grass of in August, 2018 enters the flowering phase, growth progressivelyes reach peak.Cultural area mean depth is at this time
80cm, average plant height are 74cm, and average number of flowers is 9/, and mean leaf number is 7/.
6. the part of in September, 2018 investigation discovery eel grass has initially entered the solid stage.Cultural area mean depth is 90cm, bitter
The average plant height of grass is 85cm, and average number of flowers is 4/, and average solid number is 11/, and mean leaf number is 9/.
7. in October, 2018, eel grass fruit graduallyd mature, blade starts to be gradually converted into light yellow at this time.Mean depth
For 110cm, average plant height is 90cm, and average number of flowers is 3/, and average maturity fruit number is 5/.Due to having part
Maturation is swum on the water surface seed, therefore biomass declines.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass cheats plant method, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
A, cultural area selects: selecting typical Tongjiang shallow lake beach is cultural area, underground water buried depth is in 28cm
To between 32cm;
B, it determines the time of cultivation: determining the cultivation Best Times of the seedling of submerged plant eel grass in early April to the middle ten days;
C, the selection of eel grass seedling, lifting, transhipment: upgrowth situation is good for screening, the complete eel grass seedling of root system;
D, determine field planting hole size: determine optimum plantation eel grass field planting hole size and depth, specification be 40cm ×
40cm×40cm;
E, design cultivation specification: eel grass spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3m × 3m is determined;
F, it excavates field planting to cheat and be colonized eel grass: excavating specification in wetland beach according to the cultivation specification of design and be suitably colonized hole,
After being colonized in hole the water that permeates the ground, by 1~2 eel grass seedling plantation in field planting hole;
G, the ecological index of cultural area dominant species is monitored, and carries out growth period water table management and habitat preparation.
2. Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass according to claim 1 cheats plant method, which is characterized in that described
Include: in step A
Project Areas is scheduled on underground water buried depth in 30cm according to the hydrological variation of Tongjiang shallow lake, and other hygrophilous vegetations and water
The less wetland beach gold Bao Xu of raw vegetation, bird's nest country fair, intensity of illumination and nutrition needed for cultural area should provide eel grass existence
Condition, and certain space is provided for the existence of eel grass, it must finally guarantee that the hydrological variation in the region later period should be colonized with eel grass
Later growth and development process is consistent.
3. Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass according to claim 1 cheats plant method, which is characterized in that above-mentioned
Include: in step C
Selection, lifting, the transhipment of seedling: seedling to select to grow at low water level it is higher preferable, height of seedling 20cm~
The seedling of 25cm or so, lifting mode is using manual lifting.Long 60cm, wide 45cm, high 35cm plastics are put into after quick metering
In basket, is wrapped with geotextiles, water is sprinkled before transport, to prevent seedling dehydration during transportation;
Should ensure that healthy and strong for the seedling of plant its growing way, root system is complete, no disease and pests harm, without weeds, be not dehydrated;
It should accomplish when shipping seedling: with light packs, put down gently, gently unload, it is ensured that seedling is not damaged;
Should check quantity when shipment, check specification and quality: seedling haulage time should select in the morning or night, to protect in principle
Card with rise, with dress, with fortune.It to be covered in transportational process, is windproof, against sunshine, be unable to weight, guarantee humidity, prevent from being dehydrated.
4. Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass according to claim 1 cheats plant method, which is characterized in that described
Step D, include: in F
According to wetland beach underground water buried depth situation, the environmental condition in conjunction with needed for eel grass growth, by the specifications design in field planting hole
For length × width × height=40cm × 40cm × 40cm, first unifies cultivation specification and field planting pit-size according to design, measure specification
It determines site, the tools hand excavations such as spade field planting hole is utilized to wait Groundwater infiltration to be colonized hole after being colonized hole digging well afterwards
It is interior, so that field planting is cheated the interior more moist soft convenience of soil and manually plant, facilitates the successful field planting of eel grass seedling, it manually will be bitter
For the plantation of careless seedling in field planting hole, when plantation, will be such that eel grass root system is all fixed in soil.
5. Tongjiang shallow lake beach submerged plant eel grass according to claim 1 cheats plant method, which is characterized in that described
Include: in step G
Plant complete after, once monitored every 2 weeks, monitoring index include mean depth, the cover degree of Project Areas eel grass population,
Ramet number and the ecological index (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate, setting percentage) of eel grass, and the growing height for passing through eel grass
Carry out reasonable water level adjustment;In order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of water body, sufficient illumination condition and battalion are provided for eel grass
The condition of supporting, is removed in time and other water plants of eel grass growth competition by force mention in order to avoid larger fish herds food to eel grass
The early larger fish removed in water body.
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CN107996372A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 安徽大学 | The construction method of the close thorn eel grass submerged vegetation of sinking land in coalmining areas moderate depression wetland |
CN108377859A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽大学 | A kind of Tongjiang lake aquatic vegetation recovery cultural method |
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CN1692708A (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2005-11-09 | 中国矿业大学(北京校区) | Watering means, prepn. method and application method thereof |
CN104594284A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Embankment landscape and water purification system with aquatic plants arranged in inlaid mode |
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