CN109479653A - A kind of early efficient cultivation method of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field rush - Google Patents
A kind of early efficient cultivation method of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field rush Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting fields to promote early efficient cultivation method; select precocity, high yield, excellent sweet potato new varieties dragon potato 9; the cropping pattern covered using three films; fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth sale production method; in process of production applying organic manure, early cultivations in due course, rational close planting, heat preservation heat, collect seedling, the technological means of scientific management, the problems such as solving low low ground temperature in sweet potato Forcing cultivation technology, heating difficulty, potato seedling growth survival rate, hypoevolutism, small sweet potato planting benefit increase rate.For the method for the invention compared with traditional cultivation method, sweet potato implantation time can be advanced to 25 days 2 months front and backs, and late April starts to collect seedling, and the entire growth of sweet potato phase collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times, harvests 60000 plants/666.7m of potato seedling growth2Left and right, early June start to harvest fresh sweet potato, and fresh sweet potato is promoted to list ahead of time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivation methods technical field, specifically a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field promotees early efficient
Cultural method.
Background technique
Sweet potato is important industrial crops, forage crop and energy crop, and root tuber and cauline leaf are full of nutrition comprehensively, by state
Inside and outside praise highly is best health care crop.Sweet potato has strong high yield, stable yields, resistance, wide adaptability, less investment, output mostly and wind
The low advantage in danger.With the development of economy with the raising of living standards of the people, the alimentary health-care function of sweet potato is gradually by people institute
Cognition, the sales volume of fresh sweet potato increase year by year, and the enthusiasm of peasant planting sweet potato further increases.
With the development of industrialized agriculture, furnished equipments are also widely used in sweet potato production.Sweet potato Protectorate cultivation refers to
The agricultural planting mode carried out using measures such as greenhouse, vinyl house, covering with ground sheeting.Sweet potato Protectorate cultivation technology is that sweet potato promotees
One of key technology early cultivated, Protectorate cultivation can be improved ground temperature, off-season cultivation, management of weeds, sweet potato promoted to do sth. in advance
Listing obtains higher economic benefit, guarantees that the stable market supply of fresh sweet potato anniversary plays an important role.
Southern shandong area is one of Shandong Province sweet potato main producing region.Currently, sweet potato Forcing cultivation Main Patterns still rely on directly
It covers what mulch was realized, because it is affected by ambient weather, 15 ~ 20d can only be shifted to an earlier date than general planting.In recent years, due to morning
The popularizing planting of ripe sweet potato variety, sweet potato Protectorate cultivation mode is more diversified, new Forcing cultivation pattern formation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting fields to promote early efficient cultivation method, in greenhouse
Or selected in big arch shed precocious sweet potato variety dragon potato 9, by applying fertilizers scientifically, potato seedling growth processing, early cultivation in due course, rational close planting,
Film covering builds Small plastic shed, collects seedling, the technological means such as scientific management, and passing through three film mulching plant technologies and fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth pin
The production method sold solves temperature in sweet potato Forcing cultivation technology and promotes difficulty, hardly possible of keeping a full stand of seedings, hypoevolutism, low output, economic effect
The not high problem of benefit.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions, and a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field rush is early efficient
Cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: precocious sweet potato variety dragon potato 9 is selected
The sweet potato variety of Protectorate cultivation will select drought-enduring, waterlogging, the stronger sweet potato variety dragon potato of cold resistance 9
Step 2: three film mulching plant modes
In greenhouse or big arch shed plant potato seedling growth after, first cover one layer of mulch, then built again on mulch one it is small-sized
Arched shed forms three film mulching plant mode of big arch shed+Small plastic shed+mulch；
It first has to build up greenhouse or big arch shed, southern shandong area sweet potato Protectorate cultivation generallys use the coating steel pipe of 7 ~ 8m long
Bow builds arched shed, arched shed wide 4.3 ~ 5.0m, high 2.0m or so, direction south-north direction；
According to the appropriate ridging of big arch shed width, 70 ~ 80cm of row spacing, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge, the direction North and South direction on ridge；
Covering with ground sheeting is carried out after the completion of potato seedling growth plantation, a Plastic tunnel is built on every 2 ~ 3 ridge again after the completion of covering with ground sheeting；
Step 3: Forcing cultivation, rational close planting
Protecting field sweet potato is selected in suitable planting on 2 months 25 ~ March 5, and protecting field sweet potato planting density is bigger than normal planting density,
70 ~ 80cm of general line-spacing, spacing in the rows 17cm or so, density is 5000/666.7m2It is advisable；It is planted using 45 ° of oblique cuttings or boat-bottom shape
Mode increases potato seedling growth and buries joint number to increase knot potato number, improves commodity potato rate；
Step 4: applying organic manure
Base fertilizer is first used sufficient before ridging, ploughed deeply, topsoil depth >=30cm；Apply organic fertilizer 2500 Jing Guo harmless treatment ~
3000kg/666.7m2With 40% ~ 51% 20 ~ 25kg/666.7m of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2, plough trench digging is turned on the both sides on ridge when ridging,
Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in ditch, then varus ploughs whole ridge；
Step 5: potato seedling growth processing
With 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid or 300 times of liquid of additional 40% phoxim of 70% thiophanate methyl, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid and root-growing agent
50 ~ 100 times of liquid and at alkene mud, carry out root dipping processing to potato seedling growth root 5cm, the processing time is 5 ~ 10 minutes, can be prevented and treated sweet
Potato disease and insect pest promote sweet potato Rapid Rooting；
Step 6: heat preservation heats
Canopy film type: awning film select thickness 0.08mm without long-lived film is dripped, be conducive to light transmission, heat preservation, wind resistance；
The polyethylene plastic film of Small plastic shed selection thickness 0.06mm；
Ground film type: mulch selects the black mulch film, white mulch or chequered with black and white mulch of thickness 0.006mm ~ 0.008mm；It needs
100ml/666.7m is sprayed before overlay film233% pendimethalin missible oil or 150ml/666.7m250% propisochlor missible oil it is anti-
Control weeds；
Cover mulch: covering with ground sheeting mode will first complete drip irrigation zone before overlay film using the operation mode for first planting overlay film after seedling, and
Second day afternoon carried out overlay film after cultivation, avoids being fractureed potato seedling growth with overlay film with planting, influences potato seedling growth survival rate；Mulch requires to be close to ridge
Face, surrounding compacting, the film mouth around potato seedling growth is obturaged avoid high temperature burn seedlings with thin wet soil；If temperature is relatively low when planting potato seedling growth
Mulch can be covered in advance according to weather condition and improve ground temperature, then plant potato seedling growth with oblique cutting method；
Step 7: collecting seedling and harvests
Climing head seedling can be harvested within the growth of sweet potato phase 3 ~ 5 times, late April starts cutting seedlings, collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times, can harvest potato seedling growth
60000 plants/666.7m2Left and right, the potato seedling growth that such mode obtains all is top strong sprout；
Fresh sweet potato at the beginning of 6 months starts harvest listing, passes through in 100 ~ 120d and sells potato seedling growth and fresh sweet potato, can get pure economic benefit 10000
Member/666.7m2More than.
Step 8: scientific management
Sweet potato is generally planted in late Febuary to early and middle ten days in March in greenhouse, and outside air temperature is lower, carries out canopy inside holding and ventilation work
Make.After potato seedling growth transplants 15 ~ 20d, i.e., when potato seedling growth grows 3 ~ 5 young leaves, artificial topping promotes lateral bud to sprout；
The Small plastic shed in big arch shed is removed before and after 40 ~ 45d, carries out hardening when the climing length of potato is to 20cm, when temperature is at 20 DEG C, choosing
Film ventilation is suitably opened when selecting the morning 10 to afternoon 3；
3 ~ 5d before cutting seedlings, the method for taking sunning on daytime, evening lid achieve the purpose that ventilation, light transmission, hardening；
It to collect seedling in time when the climing length of potato is to 25 ~ 30cm, collect seedling and will affect potato seedling growth harvesting quality and quantity too late；
20 ~ 25cm of the climing top length of clip potato or so and there is the strong sprouts of 7 ~ 8 leaves when collecting seedling；
The climing base portion of potato will retain 1 ~ 3 leaf segment, may advantageously facilitate lateral bud sprouting, increase branch quantity, to guarantee what next time collected seedling
Quality and quantity；
Seed harvesting amount can be increased by multiple cutting seedlings.Sweet potato Greenhouse, which can according to need, to be determined that potato seedling growth is collected seedling and number and adopts
Miao Liang, southern shandong area generally start to collect seedling in late April, and the entire growth of sweet potato phase collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times；
Often cut after a potato seedling growth should not watering, fertilizing immediately, rewater after the climing wound healing of potato, promote sweet potato vine quick
Growth.
It has any problem as applying organic manure in preferred steps four, 40% ~ 51% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 35kg/ can be applied
666.7m2Or 50 ~ 60kg/666.7m2Compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode uses single fertilization, and ditch spread is concentrated to apply deeply.Single fertilization
The lasting saving of labor again of mode fertilizer efficiency, and upper layer is loose, permeability is good, is conducive to improve sweet potato knot potato number and commodity potato rate.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for the invention, compared with traditional cultivation method,
Sweet potato implantation time can be advanced to 25 days 2 months front and backs, and late April starts to collect seedling, collect seedling 3 ~ 5 times, and the entire growth of sweet potato phase adopts
60000 plants/666.7m of seedling2Left and right, the potato seedling growth that the method obtains all is high-quality strong sprout, potato seedling growth high survival rate, and it is fast to return seedling, Ke Yizeng
Add sweet potato knot potato number and commodity potato rate, early June starts to harvest fresh sweet potato, and fresh sweet potato is promoted to list ahead of time.Southern Shandong provided by the invention
Regional sweet potato protecting field efficient cultivation method realizes sweet potato and efficiently produces, and sweet potato plants 10000 yuan/666.7m of economic benefit2
More than, so that sweet potato planting benefit is greatly improved, but also to the stable market supply of fresh sweet potato anniversary is met, alleviate market potato seedling growth
Problem in short supply has important supplementary function.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is three films mulching plant mode configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the patent is explained in further detail With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of southern shandong area sweet potato Forcing cultivation method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: precocious sweet potato variety dragon potato 9 is selected
The sweet potato variety of Protectorate cultivation will select drought-enduring, waterlogging, the stronger sweet potato variety dragon potato of cold resistance 9；
Step 2: three film mulching plant modes
In greenhouse or big arch shed plant potato seedling growth after, first cover one layer of mulch, then built again on mulch one it is small-sized
Arched shed forms three film mulching plant mode of big arch shed+Small plastic shed+mulch；
It first has to build up greenhouse or big arch shed, southern shandong area sweet potato Protectorate cultivation generallys use the coating steel pipe of 7 ~ 8m long
Bow builds arched shed, arched shed wide 4.3 ~ 5.0m, high 2.0m or so, direction south-north direction；
According to the appropriate ridging of big arch shed width, 70 ~ 80cm of row spacing, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge, the direction North and South direction on ridge；
Covering with ground sheeting is carried out after the completion of potato seedling growth plantation, a Plastic tunnel is built on every 2 ~ 3 ridge again after the completion of covering with ground sheeting；
Step 3: Forcing cultivation, rational close planting
Protecting field sweet potato is selected in suitable planting on 2 months 25 ~ March 5, and the normal planting density of the density ratio of Greenhouse sweet potato is wanted
Greatly, general 70 ~ 80cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 17cm or so, density are 5000/666.7m2It is advisable；Using 45 ° of oblique cuttings or boat-bottom shape
Planting Patterns increase potato seedling growth and bury joint number to increase knot potato number, improve commodity potato rate；
Step 4: applying organic manure
Base fertilizer is first used sufficient before ridging, ploughed deeply, topsoil depth >=30cm；Apply organic fertilizer 2500 Jing Guo harmless treatment ~
3000kg/666.7m2With 40% ~ 51% 20 ~ 25kg/666.7m of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2, plough trench digging is turned on the both sides on ridge when ridging,
Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in ditch, then varus ploughs whole ridge；
Step 5: potato seedling growth processing
With 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid or 300 times of liquid of additional 40% phoxim of 70% thiophanate methyl, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid and root-growing agent
50 ~ 100 times of liquid and at alkene mud, carry out root dipping processing to potato seedling growth root 5cm, the processing time is 5 ~ 10 minutes, can be prevented and treated sweet
Potato disease and insect pest promote sweet potato Rapid Rooting；
Step 6: heat preservation heats
Canopy film type: awning film select thickness 0.08mm without long-lived film is dripped, be conducive to light transmission, heat preservation, wind resistance；
The polyethylene plastic film of Small plastic shed selection thickness 0.06mm；
Ground film type: mulch selects the black mulch film, white mulch or chequered with black and white mulch of thickness 0.006mm ~ 0.008mm；It needs
100ml/666.7m is sprayed before overlay film233% pendimethalin missible oil or 150ml/666.7m250% propisochlor missible oil it is anti-
Control weeds；
Cover mulch: covering with ground sheeting mode will first complete drip irrigation zone before overlay film using the operation mode for first planting overlay film after seedling, and
Second day afternoon carried out overlay film after cultivation, avoids being fractureed potato seedling growth with overlay film with planting, influences potato seedling growth survival rate；Mulch requires to be close to ridge
Face, surrounding compacting, the film mouth around potato seedling growth is obturaged avoid high temperature burn seedlings with thin wet soil；If temperature is relatively low when planting potato seedling growth
Mulch can be covered in advance according to weather condition and improve ground temperature, then plant potato seedling growth with oblique cutting method；
Step 7: collecting seedling and harvests
Climing head seedling can be harvested within the growth of sweet potato phase 3 ~ 5 times, late April starts cutting seedlings, collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times, can harvest potato seedling growth
60000 plants/666.7m2Left and right, the potato seedling growth that such mode obtains all is top strong sprout；
Fresh sweet potato at the beginning of 6 months starts harvest listing, passes through in 100 ~ 120d and sells potato seedling growth and fresh sweet potato, can get pure economic benefit 10000
Member/666.7m2More than；
Step 8: scientific management
Sweet potato is generally planted in late Febuary to early and middle ten days in March in greenhouse, and outside air temperature is lower, carries out canopy inside holding and ventilation work
Make.After potato seedling growth transplants 15 ~ 20d, i.e., when potato seedling growth grows 3 ~ 5 young leaves, artificial topping promotes lateral bud to sprout；
The Small plastic shed in big arch shed is removed before and after 40 ~ 45d, carries out hardening when the climing length of potato is to 20cm, when temperature is at 20 DEG C, choosing
Film ventilation is suitably opened when selecting the morning 10 to afternoon 3；
3 ~ 5d before cutting seedlings, the method for taking sunning on daytime, evening lid achieve the purpose that ventilation, light transmission, hardening；
It to collect seedling in time when the climing length of potato is to 25 ~ 30cm, collect seedling and will affect potato seedling growth harvesting quality and quantity too late；
20 ~ 25cm of the climing top length of clip potato or so and there is the strong sprouts of 7 ~ 8 leaves when collecting seedling；
The climing base portion of potato will retain 1 ~ 3 leaf segment, may advantageously facilitate lateral bud sprouting, increase branch quantity, to guarantee what next time collected seedling
Quality and quantity；
Seed harvesting amount can be increased by multiple cutting seedlings.Sweet potato Greenhouse, which can according to need, to be determined that potato seedling growth is collected seedling and number and adopts
Miao Liang, southern shandong area generally start to collect seedling in late April, and the entire growth of sweet potato phase collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times；
Often cut after a potato seedling growth should not watering, fertilizing immediately, rewater after the climing wound healing of potato, promote sweet potato vine quick
Growth.
It has any problem as four kinds of applying organic manure sources of preferred steps, 40% ~ 51% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 35kg/ can be applied
666.7m2Or 50 ~ 60kg/666.7m2Compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode uses single fertilization, and ditch spread is concentrated to apply deeply.Single fertilization
The lasting saving of labor again of mode fertilizer efficiency, and upper layer is loose, permeability is good, is conducive to improve sweet potato knot potato number and commodity potato rate.
Embodiment 2.
Embodiment
A kind of sweet potato protecting field efficiency cultivation technology for high using three film mulching plant modes, the precocious sweet potato variety of selection, passes through
The production method of fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth sale, applying organic manure, potato seedling growth processing, early cultivation in due course, rational close planting, heat preservation heat, collect seedling,
A series of technological means such as scientific management improve sweet potato planting benefit, specifically the following steps are included:
(1) precocious sweet potato variety dragon potato 9 is selected
The sweet potato variety of Protectorate cultivation will select drought-enduring, waterlogging, and cold resistance is stronger, the kind of wide adaptability.By many years
Forcing cultivation test, the sweet potato variety that southern shandong area carries out Protectorate cultivation select imperial potato 9, which is by In Longyan, Fujian
City's Institute of agricultural sciences is cultivated, and is authorized by Fujian province crops variety validation board within 2004.The kind potato skin is pale red
Color, potato meat salmon pink, potato shape spindle, potato skin is smooth, ties 3 ~ 5 pieces of potato, and commodity potato rate is high, and food flavor is soft, sweet tea, glutinous, and highly resistance is climing to cut
Disease, belongs to short climing high yield and quality variety by highly resistance sweet potato bacterial wilt I group, and strong applicability, yielding ability spy is good, has the special early characteristic of knot potato,
Sweet potato than same period plantation can shift to an earlier date 15 ~ 30d listing.
(2) three film mulching plant modes
First use 8m long coating steel pipe bow, construction big arch shed, the wide 5.0m of canopy, high 2.1m, direction south-north direction, this
Kind of arched shed advantage be can random installing and dismounting, do not limited by when and where condition, can be removed when on the shelf or
Other places are built again, adaptation to local conditions save the cost.North and South direction ridging in big arch shed, row spacing 75cm, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge, potato seedling growth
Mulch is covered after the completion of plantation, after covering with ground sheeting, is built a Plastic tunnel on every 3 ridge again, is built up height with 4m long steel pipe
The Plastic tunnel of 1.0m.Three film mulching plant mode of big arch shed+Small plastic shed+mulch is formed, sees Fig. 1.
(3) fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth sale production model
Make to collect seedling by protecting field sweet potato cultivation and combine with production fresh sweet potato, the design scheme of the present embodiment is to open April 25
Begin to collect seedling for the first time, collect seedling once every 7d, collect seedling respectively within the growth of sweet potato phase 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, what such mode obtained
Potato seedling growth is all top strong sprout, and potato seedling growth quality is more excellent, can improve potato seedling growth survival rate, increases sweet potato knot potato number, improves commodity potato rate, potato
0.12 ~ 0.15 yuan/plant of seedling price, while the contradiction of potato seedling growth market potato seedling growth insufficient supply can also be alleviated.Sweet potato collect seedling number difference,
Fresh sweet potato harvest time is different, and the present embodiment is respectively at June 5, June 15 and harvest fresh sweet potato on June 25, fresh sweet potato price at this time
In 2.6 ~ 3.0 yuan/kg or so.Fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth sale production model has combined potato seedling growth apparent availability and has guaranteed fresh sweet potato
It lists ahead of time, not only increases planting benefit, realize the target of sweet potato protecting field Efficient Cultivation, but also alleviate potato seedling growth supply
Nervous contradiction.
(4) applying organic manure
Protecting field sweet potato cultivation should carry out on the basis of applying organic manure and improvement soil property.Base fertilizer is first used sufficient before ridging, is ploughed deeply, and is ploughed
Layer depth 30cm or so.Apply the organic fertilizer 3000kg/666.7m Jing Guo harmless treatment2With 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/
666.7m2, using single fertilization mode, plough trench digging is turned on the both sides on ridge when ridging, applies organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in ditch,
Then varus ploughs whole ridge.The lasting saving of labor again of its fertilizer efficiency of single fertilization mode, and upper layer is loose, permeability is good, is conducive to improve
Sweet potato knot potato number and commodity potato rate.
(5) Forcing cultivation, rational close planting
2 months 25 ~ March 5 was the protecting field sweet potato suitable planting phase, and temperature of long-term early spring gets warm again after a cold spell basicly stable at this time, was conducive to
Seedling, which takes root, sends out seedling.The present embodiment was planted in 25 days 2 months, line-spacing 75cm, spacing in the rows 17cm or so, 5200/666.7m of density2It is left
It is right.Using boat-bottom shape Planting Patterns, potato seedling growth is buried 3 ~ 4 sections, is tied potato number to increase, is improved commodity potato rate.
(6) potato seedling growth is handled
With 50 ~ 100 times of 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, 40% phoxim, 300 times of liquid and root-growing agent liquid and at alkene mud, to potato seedling growth root
Portion 5cm carries out root dipping processing, and the processing time is 5 ~ 10 minutes.Sweet potato disease and insect pest can be prevented and treated, sweet potato Rapid Rooting is promoted.
(7) heat preservation heats
Using three film covering and heat insulating measures.Awning film select thickness 0.08mm without long-lived film is dripped, be conducive to light transmission, heat preservation, wind resistance.
The polyethylene plastic film of Small plastic shed selection thickness 0.06mm.Mulch selects the white mulch of thickness 0.008mm, width 80cm.
Covering with ground sheeting mode uses the operation mode of overlay film after first cultivation seedling, first completes drip irrigation zone before overlay film, sprays 100ml/
666.7m233% pendimethalin missible oil management of weeds, second day afternoon carried out overlay film after cultivation, avoided rolling over overlay film with planting
Disconnected potato seedling growth, influences potato seedling growth survival rate.Mulch requires to be close to ridge face, and surrounding compacting is obturaged the film mouth around potato seedling growth with thin wet soil,
Avoid high temperature burn seedlings.
(8) scientific management
Sweet potato was planted in 25 days 2 months in arched shed, and outside air temperature is lower at this time, carries out arched shed inside holding and ventilation operation.Potato seedling growth is moved
After planting 15d, i.e., when potato seedling growth grows 3 ~ 5 young leaves, artificial topping promotes lateral bud to sprout.40d removes intermediate Small plastic shed after potato seedling growth is planted.
Hardening is carried out when the climing length of potato is to 20cm, it is logical suitably to open film when temperature is at 20 DEG C, when selecting the morning 10 to afternoon 3
Wind.3 ~ 5d before cutting seedlings, the method progress hardening taking sunning on daytime, covering at night.It collects seedling in time when the climing length of potato is to 25 ~ 30cm,
Collecting seedling will affect potato seedling growth too late and collects seedling quality and quantity.20 ~ 25cm of the climing top length of clip potato or so and there are 7 ~ 8 leaves when collecting seedling
Strong sprout.The climing base portion of potato retains 1 ~ 3 leaf segment, may advantageously facilitate lateral bud sprouting, increases branch quantity, guarantees the number collected seedling next time
Amount and quality.Seed harvesting amount can be increased by multiple cutting seedlings.It is required according to experimental design, the entire growth of sweet potato phase collects seedling 3 respectively
It is secondary, 4 times and 5 times.Often cutting a potato seedling growth will rewater after the climing wound healing of potato, promote sweet potato vine fast-growth.
Economic and Efficiency Analysis
It 2017, in Jining City, sweet potato experiment and demonstration base, Wenshang County, is tested using the present invention, covers kind using three films
Implant model and fresh sweet potato+potato seedling growth sale production model, entire growth of sweet potato phase collect seedling 3 times, 4 times and 5 times respectively, quantity of collecting seedling point
It Wei not 50000 plants/666.7m2, 60000 plants/666.7m2With 68000 plants/666.7m2, 0.12 ~ 0.15 yuan/plant of potato seedling growth price, potato
Seedling income is respectively 7500 yuan/666.7m2, 8900 yuan/666.7m2With 9860 yuan/666.7m2, fresh sweet potato is respectively at June 5, June
15 days and the listing of harvest on June 25, fresh tuber yield is respectively 1640.5kg/666.7m2、1821.7kg/666.7m2With
2010.6kg/666.7m2, fresh sweet potato price is respectively 3.0 yuan/kg, 2.8 yuan/kg and 2.6 yuan/kg, and fresh sweet potato income is respectively
4921.5 yuan/666.7m2, 5100.7 yuan/666.7m2With 5227.6 yuan/666.7m2, deduct production cost expense (potato seedling growth, greenhouse
Depreciation cost, fertilizer, fee of material and labour cost etc.), obtaining pure economic benefit is respectively 10221.5 yuan/666.7m2、11700.7
Member/666.7m2With 12707.6 yuan/666.7m2, concrete outcome is shown in Tables 1 and 2.Using technology of the present invention, sweet potato plantation can
To obtain pure 10000 yuan/666.7m of economic benefit2More than, the demand of fresh sweet potato anniversary stable market supply is not only met, is improved sweet
The planting benefit of potato, and potato seedling growth problem in short supply in May can also be alleviated.
1 southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field Efficient Cultivation yield result of table
2 southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field Efficient Cultivation Economic and Efficiency Analysis of table
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also considered as this hair
Bright protection scope.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field promotees early efficient cultivation method, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
Step 1: precocious sweet potato variety dragon potato 9 is selected
The sweet potato variety of Protectorate cultivation will select drought-enduring, waterlogging, the stronger sweet potato variety dragon potato of cold resistance 9；
Step 2: three film mulching plant modes
In greenhouse or big arch shed plant potato seedling growth after, first cover one layer of mulch, then built again on mulch one it is small-sized
Arched shed forms three film mulching plant mode of big arch shed+Small plastic shed+mulch；
It first has to build up greenhouse or big arch shed, southern shandong area sweet potato Protectorate cultivation generallys use the coating steel pipe of 7 ~ 8m long
Bow builds arched shed, arched shed wide 4.3 ~ 5.0m, high 2.0m or so, direction south-north direction；
According to the appropriate ridging of big arch shed width, 70 ~ 80cm of row spacing, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge, the direction north-south on ridge；
Covering with ground sheeting is carried out after the completion of potato seedling growth plantation, a Plastic tunnel is built on every 2 ~ 3 ridge again after the completion of covering with ground sheeting；
Step 3: Forcing cultivation, rational close planting
Protecting field sweet potato is selected in suitable planting on 2 months 25 ~ March 5, and protecting field sweet potato planting density is bigger than normal planting density,
70 ~ 80cm of general line-spacing, spacing in the rows 17cm or so, density is 5000/666.7m2It is advisable；It is planted using 45 ° of oblique cuttings or boat-bottom shape
Mode increases potato seedling growth and buries joint number to increase knot potato number, improves commodity potato rate；
Step 4: applying organic manure
Base fertilizer is first used sufficient before ridging, ploughed deeply, topsoil depth >=30cm；Apply organic fertilizer 2500 Jing Guo harmless treatment ~
3000kg/666.7m2With 40% ~ 51% 20 ~ 25kg/666.7m of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2, plough trench digging is turned on the both sides on ridge when ridging,
Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in ditch, then varus ploughs whole ridge；
Step 5: potato seedling growth processing
With 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid or 300 times of liquid of additional 40% phoxim of 70% thiophanate methyl, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid and root-growing agent
50 ~ 100 times of liquid and at alkene mud, carry out root dipping processing to potato seedling growth root 5cm, the processing time is 5 ~ 10 minutes, can be prevented and treated sweet
Potato disease and insect pest promote sweet potato Rapid Rooting；
Step 6: heat preservation heats
Canopy film type: awning film select thickness 0.08mm without long-lived film is dripped, be conducive to light transmission, heat preservation, wind resistance；
The polyethylene plastic film of Small plastic shed selection thickness 0.06mm；
Ground film type: mulch selects the black mulch film, white mulch or chequered with black and white mulch of thickness 0.006mm ~ 0.008mm；It needs
100ml/666.7m is sprayed before overlay film233% pendimethalin missible oil or 150ml/666.7m250% propisochlor missible oil it is anti-
Control weeds；
Cover mulch: covering with ground sheeting mode will first complete drip irrigation zone before overlay film using the operation mode for first planting overlay film after seedling, and
Second day afternoon carried out overlay film after cultivation, avoids being fractureed potato seedling growth with overlay film with planting, influences potato seedling growth survival rate；Mulch requires to be close to ridge
Face, surrounding compacting, the film mouth around potato seedling growth is obturaged avoid high temperature burn seedlings with thin wet soil；If temperature is relatively low when planting potato seedling growth
Mulch can be covered in advance according to weather condition and improve ground temperature, then plant potato seedling growth with oblique cutting method；
Step 7: collecting seedling and harvests
Climing head seedling can be harvested within the growth of sweet potato phase 3 ~ 5 times, late April starts cutting seedlings, collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times, can harvest potato seedling growth
60000 plants/666.7m2Left and right, the potato seedling growth that such mode obtains all is top strong sprout；
Fresh sweet potato at the beginning of 6 months starts harvest listing, passes through sale potato seedling growth and fresh sweet potato in 100 ~ 120d, can get pure economic benefit 10000
Member/666.7m2More than；
Step 8: scientific management
Sweet potato is generally planted in late Febuary to early and middle ten days in March in greenhouse, and outside air temperature is lower, carries out canopy inside holding and ventilation work
Make, after potato seedling growth transplants 15 ~ 20d, i.e., when potato seedling growth grows 3 ~ 5 young leaves, artificial topping promotes lateral bud to sprout；
The Small plastic shed in big arch shed is removed before and after 40 ~ 45d, carries out hardening when the climing length of potato is to 20cm, when temperature is at 20 DEG C, choosing
Film ventilation is suitably opened when selecting the morning 10 to afternoon 3；
3 ~ 5d before cutting seedlings, the method for taking sunning on daytime, evening lid achieve the purpose that ventilation, light transmission, hardening；
It to collect seedling in time when the climing length of potato is to 25 ~ 30cm, collect seedling and will affect potato seedling growth harvesting quality and quantity too late；
20 ~ 25cm of the climing top length of clip potato or so and there is the strong sprouts of 7 ~ 8 leaves when collecting seedling；
The climing base portion of potato will retain 1 ~ 3 leaf segment, may advantageously facilitate lateral bud sprouting, increase branch quantity, to guarantee what next time collected seedling
Quality and quantity；
Seed harvesting amount can be increased by multiple cutting seedlings, sweet potato Greenhouse, which can according to need, to be determined that potato seedling growth is collected seedling and number and adopt
Miao Liang, southern shandong area generally start to collect seedling in late April, and the entire growth of sweet potato phase collects seedling 3 ~ 5 times；
Often cut after a potato seedling growth should not watering, fertilizing immediately, rewater after the climing wound healing of potato, promote sweet potato vine quick
Growth.
2. a kind of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field according to claim 1 promotees early efficient cultivation method, it is characterised in that: step
What rapid four kinds of applying organic manure sources were had any problem, 40% ~ 51% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 35kg/666.7m can be applied2Or 50 ~ 60kg/
666.7m2Compound fertilizer, fertilization mode use single fertilization, and ditch spread is concentrated to apply deeply, and single fertilization mode fertilizer efficiency persistently saves again
Work, and upper layer is loose, permeability is good, is conducive to improve sweet potato knot potato number and commodity potato rate.
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