CN106961978A - A kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber - Google Patents
A kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106961978A CN106961978A CN201710225620.9A CN201710225620A CN106961978A CN 106961978 A CN106961978 A CN 106961978A CN 201710225620 A CN201710225620 A CN 201710225620A CN 106961978 A CN106961978 A CN 106961978A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/02—Clamps; Pits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber, it is according to storage feature of the climatic characteristic in northern China potato area, the biological characteristics of sweet potato and sweet potato root tuber etc., the region that soil fertility is medium, quality is sandy loam is selected, the region is divided into heliogreenhouse area, medium-sized shed area, covering with ground sheeting area, Chun Shu areas and Xia Shu areas;Using directly listing is combined with listing after storage, Open air product is combined with Protected production after harvest, the production of open country spring potato produce the method such as be combined with summer potato, it is central at all seasons can be to the fresh fresh type sweet potato root tuber of market offer.The present invention has filled up the market vacancy for eating sweet potato root tuber raw annual early June to mid-September, meets consumer throughout the year to eating the demand of sweet potato root tuber raw;Significantly improve the economic benefit of sweet potato production, add the income of numerous sweet potato growers.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber, belong to arviculture technology and agricultural product
Storage technique field.
(2) technical background
3,500,000 hectares or so of sweet potato planting of China year, accounts for the 45% of the total cultivated area in the world;Root tuber total output 8000
Ten thousand tons or so, the 75% of Gross World Product is accounted for, is world's sweet potato main production country.Removed in sweet potato root tuber and contain much starch, solvable
Property sugar, food fiber, protein, fat and calcium, outside the conventional nutrients such as iron, also contain multivitamin, glycoprotein, de-
The functional nutrient composition such as hydrogen meter androsterone is a kind of nutrition very abundant, complete, and with health care and disease prevention function
Food.The sweet potato variety of China's plantation mainly includes starch type, fresh type and spy's type etc..Wherein, the quality of fresh type kind
Feature is potato meat yellow, salmon pink or purple etc., and soluble sugar content is higher, carrotene or anthocyanidin content is higher, boiling food
Taste is good, is mainly used in eating raw and processes potato dried meat, potato chips etc..The increasing realized with the improvement of people ' s living standards with nutrition and health care
By force, consumer is continuously increased to the demand of fresh type sweet potato in recent years, and the cultivated area of fresh type sweet potato expands year by year.
China sweet potato producing region is traditionally divided into the three yampi areas such as northern potato area, Yangtze river basin potato area and southern potato area.The north
Potato area is located at North of Huai River, is related to the province such as Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jiangsu and Anhui
(city);The cultivated area of this area fresh type sweet potato accounts for 30% or so of sweet potato cultivated area.Northern potato area it is northern to plant
Plant based on spring potato, south to plant based on summer potato, the sweet potato rewarding phase be after late September to mid-October, harvest root tuber it is direct on
The duration only one of which month in city or so.Meanwhile, sweet potato root tuber water content is high, not storage tolerance, and root tuber safe storage is suitable
Temperature range (11~15 DEG C) and suitable humidity range (85~90%) are all narrow.Therefore, according to northern China potato area
Planting system and climatic characteristic etc., exploration one kind is cost-effective to eat sweet potato root tuber year-round supply method raw, is consumed for meeting
Person is throughout the year to eating the demand of sweet potato raw and improving the economic benefit of sweet potato production, and all tools are of great significance.
Although having the individual example using Storage in cold bank root tuber, in 6~August part supply market, this side in the prior art
Method needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, economic benefit not good.
(3) content of the invention
In order to meet the demand, the invention provides a kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber, it is therefore an objective to
It is central at all seasons that fresh fresh type sweet potato root tuber can be provided to market.
The present invention is special according to the storage of the climatic characteristic in northern China potato area, the biological characteristics of sweet potato and sweet potato root tuber
Point etc., using after harvest directly listing with listed after storage be combined, Open air product is combined with Protected production, open country spring potato
Production the method such as is combined with the production of summer potato, accomplishes annual there is fresh type sweet potato root tuber supply market daily.On the one hand, meet
On the other hand consumer, can significantly improve the income of numerous sweet potato growers throughout the year to eating the demand of sweet potato root tuber raw.
A kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber, comprises the following steps:
(1) determine the region of sweet potato planting and carry out subregion
Select the region that soil fertility is medium, quality is sandy loam, by the region be divided into heliogreenhouse area, medium-sized shed area,
Covering with ground sheeting area, Chun Shu areas and Xia Shu areas.
(2) in planting in solar-greenhouse fresh type sweet potato
In heliogreenhouse area, heliogreenhouse is built by prior art.Annual late Febuary to early March, in heliogreenhouse
According to 70~75cm of line-spacing, high 20cm specification ridging, black mulch film is covered on ridge;It is short that plant potato wedge forms morning, growth period
Eat kind " imperial potato 9 " potato seedling growth raw.The growth of sweet potato phase is 100~120d, is directly listed after being harvested in early June to late June.
(3) fresh type sweet potato is planted in medium-sized shed
In medium-sized shed area, medium-sized shed is built by prior art.In annual 3 months, the last ten-days period, according to line-spacing 70 in shed
Black mulch film is covered on~75cm, high 20cm specification ridging, ridge;Plant potato wedge formed morning, growth period it is short to eat kind raw " red
Banana " potato seedling growth.The growth of sweet potato phase is 100~120d, is directly listed after being harvested in late June to mid-July.
(4) mulching planting fresh type sweet potato is used
In covering with ground sheeting area, annual April, the middle ten days, according to 70~75cm of line-spacing, high 20cm specification ridging, ridge overlying
Lid black mulch film;Plant potato wedge formed morning, growth period it is short eat kind " imperial potato 9 " or " red banana " potato seedling growth raw.Growth of sweet potato
Phase is 100~130d, is directly listed after being harvested in mid-July to mid-August.
(5) fresh type sweet potato is cooked spring planting potato under the conditions of open country
In Chun Shu areas, annual late April to late May, according to line-spacing 80cm, high 30cm specification ridging;Transplant commodity
Property good, food flavor is excellent, disease-resistant, long keeping eat kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union potato 8 " or " the Ji potato seedling growth of potato 26 " raw.The growth of sweet potato phase
For 120~160d, listed after directly listing or preserve after being harvested in late August to mid-October.
(6) fresh type sweet potato is cooked summer planting potato under the conditions of open country
In Xia Shu areas, annual 6 months, the last ten-days period, according to line-spacing 75cm, high 25cm specification ridging;Plant commodity is good, food
Taste is excellent, disease-resistant, long keeping eat kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union's potato 8 " or " the Ji potato seedling growth of potato 26 " raw.The growth of sweet potato phase be 120~
130d, in 10 months, last ten-days period harvest, is listed after whole root tuber storages.
(7) " energy-saving " storage cellar storage fresh type sweet potato root tuber is utilized
Using gully or hillside fields, the hair certificate storage cellar of underground or semi-underground " non-" font or " half is non-" font is built.Often
In years 10 months, the last ten-days period, directly enter to store after later spring potato and summer potato harvest will be transplanted;Until Second Year 5 since November
Month, taking-up root tuber supply market by stages, in batches.
Beneficial effect
(1) duration for making sweet potato root tuber supply market using the inventive method significantly extends
Conventionally, the time that root tuber is directly listed after the sweet potato rewarding of this area be late September to late October, hold
Many months of continuous time only one of which;Using the root tuber of the storages such as Jing Jiao, canopy cellar for storing things and hair certificate cellar for storing things, Time To Market is early November to May
The last ten-days period, about 6 months or so duration.Therefore, the root tuber supply market of sweet potato is not eaten annual early June to mid-September raw.
The inventive method by after harvest directly listing with listed after storage be combined, Open air product is combined with Protected production, revealed
The production of ground spring potato is combined with the production of summer potato, it is ensured that each to have fresh sweet potato root tuber supply market month, is met and is disappeared
Expense person is throughout the year to eating the demand of sweet potato raw.
(2) economic benefit of sweet potato production is significantly improved using the inventive method
According to investigation, this area eats the procurement price of sweet potato root tuber raw:Mid or late October price is minimum, and price is bright after the Spring Festival
Aobvious rise, 5~June, price highest, fell after rise afterwards and gradually.Planted using conventional method and preserve sweet potato, in root tuber price
Sweet potato potato wedge supply market is not eaten raw in high-order 6~August part.The inventive method has filled up annual early June into September
Eat the market vacancy of sweet potato root tuber ten days raw, significantly improve the economic benefit of sweet potato production, add the economic receipts of numerous sweet potato growers
Enter.
(4) embodiment
The present invention is implemented in Shandong Province Tai'an Daiyue District Liang Zhuan towns adret village.
Shandong Province Tai'an Daiyue District is located between north latitude 35-degree 52 '~36 ° 28 ', 50 '~117 ° 29 ' of east longitude 116 °.Category
The continental monsoon climate of warm temperate zone semi-moist, 13 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, -2.5 DEG C of January temperature on average, July average air
25.9 DEG C of temperature;Average annual precipitation 727.4mm;Annual light application time 2634.5hr.Daiyue District Liang Zhuan towns adret village is located at Mount Tai
Area middle part, Culai Mountain southern foot, the soil texture is sandy loam, the soil organism 1.82%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 93.25mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P)
26.44mg/kg, available potassium (K) 76.70mg/kg.
(1) in planting in solar-greenhouse fresh type sweet potato
Build span 10m, the high 3m of ridge, length 70m heliogreenhouse.The organic fertilizer of abundant fermentation maturity is applied before site preparation
22500kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 300kg/hm containing potassium oxide 50% or so2.After all fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, by soil rotary tillage,
Rake, according to line-spacing 70cm, high 20cm or so specification ridging, cladding thickness 0.01mm, width 100cm black on ridge
Film.Selection potato wedge forms the healthy and strong potato seedling growth of morning, growth period short fresh type sweet potato variety " imperial potato 9 ", in late Febuary to March
The first tenday period of a month, different plot utilize sweet potato transplanter plant rice shoot, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows successively.Rice shoot is colonized before initial stage and growth of sweet potato
Phase, night covering and heat insulating insulation is opened insulation quilt, illumination daytime and heated;Growth of sweet potato intermediary and later stages, daytime around noon should
It is aeration-cooling in time;Drought is met during growth of sweet potato to water in time.In early June to late June, according to plant time order
Harvest, listing.
(2) fresh type sweet potato is planted in medium-sized shed
Build width 6m, height 1.8m, length 50m medium-sized shed.The organic fertilizer of abundant fermentation maturity is applied before site preparation
Expect 22500kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 300kg/hm containing potassium oxide 50% or so2.After all fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, soil is revolved
Plough, rake, according to line-spacing 70cm, high 20cm or so specification ridging, cladding thickness 0.01mm, width 100cm black on ridge
Mulch film.Selection potato wedge forms the healthy and strong potato seedling growth of morning, growth period short fresh type sweet potato variety " red banana ", in 3 months, the last ten-days period,
Different plot utilize sweet potato transplanter plant rice shoot, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows successively.Rice shoot is colonized initial stage and growth of sweet potato early stage, night
Between covering and heat insulating insulation, open insulation quilt, illumination daytime and heat;Growth of sweet potato intermediary and later stages, daytime should lead in time around noon
Wind cools;Drought is met during growth of sweet potato to water in time.In late June to mid-July, harvested according to plant time order,
Listing.
(3) mulching planting fresh type sweet potato is used
The organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm of abundant fermentation maturity is applied before site preparation2, potassium sulfate containing potassium oxide 50% or so
300kg/hm2.After all fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, by soil rotary tillage, rake, according to line-spacing 70cm, high 20cm or so specification
Cladding thickness 0.01mm, width 100cm black mulch film on ridging, ridge.Selection potato wedge formed morning, growth period it is short fresh type it is sweet
The healthy and strong potato seedling growth of potato kind " imperial potato 9 " or " red banana ", on April, the middle ten days, different plot are planted using sweet potato transplanter successively
Plant rice shoot, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows.Drought is met during growth of sweet potato to water in time, while extracting what is grown from mulch film gap on a small quantity in time
Weeds.In mid-July to mid-August, according to plant time order harvest, listing.
(4) fresh type sweet potato is cooked spring planting potato under the conditions of open country
The organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm that Herbivore manure fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied before site preparation2, it is left containing potassium oxide 50%
Right potassium sulfate 300kg/hm2.After all fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, by soil rotary tillage, rake, according to line-spacing 80cm, high 30cm
The specification ridging of left and right.Selection commodity is good, food flavor is excellent, it is disease-resistant, long keeping eat raw kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union potato 8 " or
" the healthy and strong potato seedling growth of Ji potato 26 ", in late April to late May, different plot are transplanted successively, spacing in the rows 25cm or so.3 after plant~
5d uses soil closure herbicide, and the 1800~1950ml of isopropyl methoxalamine of per hectare 72% is watered 750kg, is uniformly sprayed at ground
On face and try not to be sprayed onto on seedling growth point;After 30d or so, a small amount of weeds do not removed are extracted.The growth of sweet potato phase
Between, meet drought and suitably water.Before and after the sweet potato envelope ridge phase, occur the plot of excessive growth and helped with 25% and strengthened element 600~900ml/hm2Convert
Water 750kg, is uniformly sprayed on blade face.In late August to mid-October, according to plant time order harvest, listing.
(5) fresh type sweet potato is cooked summer planting potato under the conditions of open country
The organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm that Herbivore manure fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied before site preparation2, it is left containing potassium oxide 50%
Right potassium sulfate 300kg/hm2.After all fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, by soil rotary tillage, rake, according to line-spacing 75cm, high 25cm
The specification ridging of left and right.Selection commodity is good, food flavor is excellent, it is disease-resistant, long keeping eat raw kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union potato 8 " or
" the healthy and strong potato seedling growth of Ji potato 26 ", in 6 months, last ten-days period plant, spacing in the rows 25cm or so.3~5d is removed using soil closure after plant
Careless agent, the 1800~1950ml of isopropyl methoxalamine of per hectare 72% is watered 750kg, uniform to spray on the ground and spray of trying not
Onto seedling growth point;After 30d or so, a small amount of weeds do not removed are extracted.Before and after the sweet potato envelope ridge phase, occurs excessive growth
600~900ml/hm of element is strengthened with 25% help in plot2750kg is watered, is uniformly sprayed on blade face.In 10 months, last ten-days period harvest,
Root tuber is dried in field enters cellar for storing things storage after 2~3hr.
(6) " energy-saving " storage cellar storage fresh type sweet potato root tuber is utilized
Semi-underground " non-" font hair certificate storage cellar is built, the storage cellar is by wide 2.6m center-aisle and 22
Long 4m, width 2.6m storage bay composition, the high 2.15m of storage cellar wall, the high 0.6m of certificate body, can preserve potato wedge 100000kg with
On.In October, 2015 comes into operation, and late October enters cellar for storing things " the potato wedge 20200kg of cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union's potato 8 " potato wedge 21500kg.
In early Febuary, 2016, outwards sell, sold always to late May successively.
The economic benefit of the present invention.
The present invention carried out production demonstration in 2015 in Shandong Province Tai'an Daiyue District Liang Zhuan towns adret village, in heliogreenhouse
Interior 3 mu of plantation fresh type sweet potato variety " imperial potato 9 ", plants 2 mu of fresh type sweet potato variety " red banana " in medium-sized shed,
Using mulching planting fresh type sweet potato variety " imperial potato 9 " and each 5 mu of " red banana " under the conditions of open country.In open country condition
Under, " cigarette potato 25 " is cooked 10 mu of spring planting potato, does 10 mu of summer planting potato fresh type sweet potato variety;Fresh type sweet potato variety " Soviet Union's potato 8
Number " do 5 mu of spring planting potato, do 10 mu of summer planting potato.
Production demonstration result shows and (is shown in Table 1):Using the inventive method, different sweet potatoes are planted using Different Ways of Planting
Kind, the average root tuber output value is 3676.82~8201.39 yuan/667m2, average net earnings reach 2717.82~5714.16 yuan/
667m2.Achieve significant economic benefit.
The sweet potato root tuber yield of table 1 and economic benefit
Note:1. calculated the output value by commodity potato rate 90%, open country summer potato wedge radical valence lattice, which are that storage is later, to be gone out to store price.
2. production cost calculation basis --- 300 yuan // 667m of potato seedling growth2;80 yuan/t of organic fertilizer, 120 yuan // 667m2, sulfuric acid
5.6 yuan/kg of potassium, 224 yuan // 667m2;15 yuan/667m of herbicide isopropyl methoxalamine2, 110 yuan/667m of black mulch film2;Open country and
200 yuan/667m of mulching planting recruitment2, 500 yuan/667m of heliogreenhouse and the plantation recruitment of medium-sized shed2, the storage of open country summer potato
200 yuan/667m of recruitment2;Plantation 100 yuan/667m of machinery2;The growth of sweet potato season of heliogreenhouse and medium-sized shed shares plastics
2000 yuan/667m of the costs such as film, insulation quilt2。
Claims (1)
1. a kind of year-round supply method of fresh type sweet potato root tuber, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
(1) determine the region of sweet potato planting and carry out subregion
The region that soil fertility is medium, quality is sandy loam is selected, the region is divided into heliogreenhouse area, medium-sized shed area, mulch film
The area of coverage, Chun Shu areas and Xia Shu areas;
(2) in planting in solar-greenhouse fresh type sweet potato
In heliogreenhouse area, heliogreenhouse is built by prior art;Annual late Febuary to early March, in heliogreenhouse according to
Black mulch film is covered on 70~75cm of line-spacing, high 20cm specification ridging, ridge;Plant potato wedge forms morning, growth period and short eaten raw
Kind " imperial potato 9 " potato seedling growth;The growth of sweet potato phase is 100~120d, is directly listed after being harvested in early June to late June;
(3) fresh type sweet potato is planted in medium-sized shed
In medium-sized shed area, medium-sized shed is built by prior art;In annual 3 months, the last ten-days period, in shed according to line-spacing 70~
Black mulch film is covered on 75cm, high 20cm specification ridging, ridge;Plant potato wedge formed morning, growth period it is short eat kind " red perfume (or spice) raw
Any of several broadleaf plants " potato seedling growth;The growth of sweet potato phase is 100~120d, is directly listed after being harvested in late June to mid-July;
(4) mulching planting fresh type sweet potato is used
In covering with ground sheeting area, annual April, the middle ten days, according to 70~75cm of line-spacing, high 20cm specification ridging, cover black on ridge
Color mulch film;Plant potato wedge formed morning, growth period it is short eat kind " imperial potato 9 " or " red banana " potato seedling growth raw;The growth of sweet potato phase is
100~130d, is directly listed after being harvested in mid-July to mid-August;
(5) fresh type sweet potato is cooked spring planting potato under the conditions of open country
In Chun Shu areas, annual late April to late May, according to line-spacing 80cm, high 30cm specification ridging;Transplant commodity it is good,
Food flavor is excellent, disease-resistant, long keeping eat kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union's potato 8 " or " the Ji potato seedling growth of potato 26 " raw;The growth of sweet potato phase is 120
~160d, is listed after directly listing or preserve after being harvested in late August to mid-October;
(6) fresh type sweet potato is cooked summer planting potato under the conditions of open country
In Xia Shu areas, annual 6 months, the last ten-days period, according to line-spacing 75cm, high 25cm specification ridging;Plant commodity is good, food flavor
It is excellent, disease-resistant, long keeping to eat kind " cigarette potato 25 ", " Soviet Union's potato 8 " or " the Ji potato seedling growth of potato 26 " raw;The growth of sweet potato phase be 120~
130d, in 10 months, last ten-days period harvest, is listed after whole root tuber storages;
(7) " energy-saving " storage cellar storage fresh type sweet potato root tuber is utilized
Using gully or hillside fields, the hair certificate storage cellar of underground or semi-underground " non-" font or " half is non-" font is built;Annual 10
The middle of the month, the last ten-days period, it will directly enter cellar for storing things after the later spring potato of plant and summer potato harvest;Until Second Year May since November,
By stages, taking-up root tuber supply market in batches.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109197460A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method |
CN109479653A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-19 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of early efficient cultivation method of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field rush |
CN112568080A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 河南科技大学 | Technical system for prolonging supply period of fresh potatoes in north |
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CN104521506A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | High-quality and high-efficient cultivation technology for dry-land sweet potatoes |
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CN104686105A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 王晓娟 | Novel green house pachyrhizus efficient culture technology |
CN104521506A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | High-quality and high-efficient cultivation technology for dry-land sweet potatoes |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109197460A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method |
CN109479653A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-19 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of early efficient cultivation method of southern shandong area sweet potato protecting field rush |
CN109479653B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2021-01-05 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Early-promoting efficient cultivation method for sweet potatoes in southwestern Lu protected area |
CN112568080A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 河南科技大学 | Technical system for prolonging supply period of fresh potatoes in north |
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