CN109469541A - 一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置 - Google Patents
一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及柴油机尾气净化领域,更具体地,涉及一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,包括进气管、出气管和外壳筒体,进气管为多段式结构的弯管,每段弯管可分别拆卸连接,进气管内设有滤网和扰流装置,滤网可拆卸安装于进气管。本发明结构简单,能通过定期拆卸清理颗粒物并循环使用,有效降低成本,并保持尾气处理效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油机尾气净化领域,更具体地,涉及一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置。
背景技术
柴油机因为动力性强,经济性能好及热效率高而被广泛的认可,在车辆领域中,更是得到了广泛的应用。而附加带来的尾气排放对环境造成的污染也越来越严重,因此加强汽车尾气排放的控制和治理刻不容缓。汽车尾气排放的污染物有一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化合物,以及一些对人体产生不良影响的其他固体颗粒物。固体颗粒物成分复杂,并且有较强的吸附力,会吸附一些金属粉尘,病源微生物及致癌物。它们对人体呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统都会造成严重伤害。所以减少汽车尾气排放逐步成为衡量一个城市环保能力的大小。
降低柴油机排放的主要措施分为机前处理、机内处理、机后尾气处理。机前处理主要是改善柴油品质;机内净化主要是改善燃烧过程;机后处理主要是利用颗粒捕集器(DPF)、氧化催化器(DOC)等降低PM排放量。但是随着时间积累,微粒聚集增多,过滤效率低,排气背压上升,导致发动机动力性、经济性降低。因此,研发出一种可再生并适合长期的颗粒捕集装置刻不容缓。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其结构简单,能通过定期拆卸清理颗粒物并循环使用,有效降低成本,并保持尾气处理效果。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
提供一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,包括进气管、出气管和外壳筒体,所述进气管为多段式结构的弯管,每段弯管可分别拆卸连接,所述进气管内设有滤网和扰流装置,所述滤网可拆卸安装于所述进气管。
本发明一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,进气管设计为弯管,可使尾气在进气管中运动时产生离心力,碳烟颗粒在离心力的作用下被甩向滤网并吸附,使气体与碳烟颗粒分离;扰流装置的设置有效改变气体流动方向,提高颗粒物附着效率。进气管多段式可拆卸的结构,以及滤网可拆卸的结构,能便于计时对滤网进行清洗或更换,实现循环利用。
进一步的,所述进气管包括滤管和扰流管,分别为依次连接的第一滤管、第一扰流管、第二滤管、第二扰流管和第三滤管;所述滤网设于所述滤管,所述扰流装置设于所述扰流管。
进一步的,所述滤管和所述扰流管连接处采用螺纹连接。螺纹连接的设计方便进行拆装。
进一步的,所述滤网外缘设有支撑框,所述支撑框可拆卸固定安装于所述滤管内壁。通过支撑框对滤网进行固定安装,方便拆装和更换。
优选的,所述滤网为泡沫镍铬滤网。
优选的,所述扰流装置为凸出于所述扰流管内壁的扰流结构。扰流结构能改善气流流向,提高滤网的捕集效率。
进一步的,所述外壳筒体内设有装有氨水的净化室,所述进气管、所述净化室、所述出气管依次连接,所述进气管、所述出气管与所述净化室连接的一端均位于氨水液面上方。初次分离后的尾气进入净化室,与氨水溶液表面接触,部分尾气冲向氨水溶液,在碳烟颗粒与氨水溶液接触产生积聚后,由于重力作用碳烟颗粒沉入池底;在尾气的加热作用下氨水溶液蒸发产生氨气,氨气与氮氧化合物混合并反应生成氮气和水,以此完成尾气的二次净化。
优选的,所述进气管连接所述净化室的一端凸出于所述净化室的内壁,且所述进气管的出气口偏向氨水液面方向。
进一步的,所述净化室内氨水液面上方设有滤布。氨水加热蒸发后浸润滤布,从而吸附碳烟颗粒及粉尘,进一步提高颗粒吸附效果。
进一步的,所述净化室位于氨水液面下方设有进液管和出液管,所述进液管和所述出液管分别设有阀门。进液管、出液管的设置便于对净化池内的氨水溶液及时进行补充、更换。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,进气管设计为弯管,可使尾气在进气管中运动时产生离心力,碳烟颗粒在离心力的作用下被甩向滤网并吸附,使气体与碳烟颗粒分离;扰流装置的设置有效改变气体流动方向,提高颗粒物附着效率。进气管多段式可拆卸的结构,以及滤网可拆卸的结构,能便于计时对滤网进行清洗或更换,实现循环利用。初次分离后的尾气进入净化室,与氨水溶液表面接触,部分尾气冲向氨水溶液,在碳烟颗粒与氨水溶液接触产生积聚后,由于重力作用碳烟颗粒沉入池底;在尾气的加热作用下氨水溶液蒸发产生氨气,氨气与氮氧化合物混合并反应生成氮气和水,以此完成尾气的二次净化。进液管、出液管的设置便于对净化池内的氨水溶液及时进行补充、更换,提高汽车尾气处理质量。
本发明设计合理,结构简单且拆装方便,能有效对柴油机尾气进行处理并可循环使用,具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置的结构示意图。
图2为进气管的结构示意图。
图3为实施例1中扰流管的内部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。其中,附图仅用于示例性说明,表示的仅是示意图,而非实物图,不能理解为对本专利的限制;为了更好地说明本发明的实施例,附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小,并不代表实际产品的尺寸;对本领域技术人员来说,附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件;在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明,不能理解为对本专利的限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
实施例1
如图1至图3所示为本发明一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置的第一实施例,如图1所示,可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置包括进气管1、出气管2和外壳筒体3,进气管1为多段式结构的弯管,每段弯管可分别拆卸连接,进气管1内设有滤网和扰流装置,滤网可拆卸安装于进气管。进气管1设计为弯管,可使尾气在进气管1中运动时产生离心力,碳烟颗粒在离心力的作用下被甩向滤网并吸附,使气体与碳烟颗粒分离;扰流装置的设置有效改变气体流动方向,提高颗粒物附着效率。进气管多段式可拆卸的结构,以及滤网可拆卸的结构,能便于计时对滤网进行清洗或更换,实现循环利用。
如图2所示,为进气管1的结构示意图。进气管1包括滤管和扰流管,分别为依次连接的第一滤管11、第一扰流管12、第二滤管13、第二扰流管14和第三滤管15;滤网设于滤管,扰流装置设于扰流管。
其中,每一滤管和扰流管的连接处采用螺纹连接,便于进行拆装。滤网外缘设有支撑框,支撑框可拆卸固定安装于滤管内壁,方便对滤网进行拆装和更换。滤网为泡沫镍铬滤网,能有效地对微粒进行吸附。
如图3所示,扰流装置为凸出于扰流管内壁的扰流结构,扰流结构为三棱锥状结构。扰流结构能改善气流流向,提高滤网的捕集效率。
如图1所示,为方便进气管1进行拆装,外壳桶体3为两段式结构,通过密封端盖31可进行拆卸连接。进气管1还包括连接第一滤管11的进气直管16,进气直管16固定连接于外壳筒体3上。第一滤管11、和三滤管15可拆卸安装地套接于密封端盖31和净化室4侧壁的孔上。通过密封端盖31分离外壳筒体3可取出第一滤管11、第一扰流管12、第二滤管13、第二扰流管14和第三滤管15,并对其进行拆卸清洁或更换。
另外,如图1所示,外壳筒体3内设有装有氨水的净化室4,进气管1、净化室4、出气管2依次连接,进气管1、出气管2与净化室4连接的一端均位于氨水液面上方。初次分离后的尾气进入净化室,与氨水溶液表面接触,部分尾气冲向氨水溶液,在碳烟颗粒与氨水溶液接触产生积聚后,由于重力作用碳烟颗粒沉入池底;在尾气的加热作用下氨水溶液蒸发产生氨气,氨气与氮氧化合物混合并反应生成氮气和水,以此完成尾气的二次净化。进液管、出液管的设置便于对净化池内的氨水溶液及时进行补充、更换,提高汽车尾气处理质量。
其中,进气管1连接净化室4的一端凸出于净化室4的内壁,且进气管1的出气口偏向氨水液面方向。这样的设置能便于尾气加热氨水,并使碳烟颗粒进行沉降。净化室4内氨水液面上方设有滤布41。氨水加热蒸发后浸润滤布,从而吸附碳烟颗粒及粉尘,进一步提高颗粒吸附效果。净化室4位于氨水液面下方设有进液管42和出液管43,进液管42和出液管43分别设有阀门。进液管42和出液管43均位于净化室4远离进气管1一端的内壁,进液管42位于出液管43上方。进液管42、出液管43的设置便于对净化池内的氨水溶液及时进行补充、更换。
在使用本发明一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置时,工作流程如下:
S1:当柴油机工作时,尾气由进气管1进入筒体内腔,尾气在弯管结构中流动时会产生离心力,尾气中携带的碳烟颗粒在离心力的作用下被甩向并粘附在滤网;管道中的扰流板改变气流的流动方向,提高附着效率,使尾气中携带的碳烟颗粒在进气管内部完成初次分离。
S2:初次分离后的尾气进入净化室4,与氨水溶液表面接触,部分尾气冲向氨水溶液,在碳烟颗粒与氨水溶液接触产生积聚后,由于重力作用碳烟颗粒沉入池底;在尾气的加热作用下,氨水溶液蒸发产生氨气,氨气与氮氧化合物混合并反应生成氮气和水,以此完成尾气的二次净化,所发生的化学反应为2NH3+NO+NO2——→2N2+3H2O。
S3:气体净化后,从出气管2排出。
实施例2
本实施与实施例1类似,所不同之处在于,在本实施例中,扰流装置为长方体或圆柱体等结构。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,包括进气管(1)、出气管(2)和外壳筒体(3),其特征在于,所述进气管(1)为多段式结构的弯管,每段弯管可分别拆卸连接,所述进气管(1)内设有滤网和扰流装置,所述滤网可拆卸安装于所述进气管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述进气管(1)包括滤管和扰流管,分别为依次连接的第一滤管(11)、第一扰流管(12)、第二滤管(13)、第二扰流管(14)和第三滤管(15);所述滤网设于所述滤管,所述扰流装置设于所述扰流管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述滤管和所述扰流管连接处采用螺纹连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述滤网外缘设有支撑框,所述支撑框可拆卸固定安装于所述滤管内壁。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述滤网为泡沫镍铬滤网。
6.根据权利要求2所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述扰流装置为凸出于所述扰流管内壁的扰流结构。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述外壳筒体(3)内设有装有氨水的净化室(4),所述进气管(1)、所述净化室(4)、所述出气管(2)依次连接,所述进气管(1)、所述出气管(2)与所述净化室(4)连接的一端均位于氨水液面上方。
8.根据权利要求7所述的柴可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述进气管(1)连接所述净化室(4)的一端凸出于所述净化室(4)的内壁,且所述进气管(1)的出气口偏向氨水液面方向。
9.根据权利要求7所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述净化室(4)内氨水液面上方设有滤布(41)。
10.根据权利要求7所述的可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒物处理装置,其特征在于,所述净化室(4)位于氨水液面下方设有进液管(42)和出液管(43),所述进液管(42)和所述出液管(43)分别设有阀门。
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