CN109452152B - Tomato grafting and seedling management method - Google Patents

Tomato grafting and seedling management method Download PDF

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CN109452152B
CN109452152B CN201811315479.2A CN201811315479A CN109452152B CN 109452152 B CN109452152 B CN 109452152B CN 201811315479 A CN201811315479 A CN 201811315479A CN 109452152 B CN109452152 B CN 109452152B
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grafting
seedling
tomato
seedlings
scion
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CN109452152A (en
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王克磊
苏世闻
朱隆静
宰文珊
陈先知
徐坚
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Wenzhou Polytechnic
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Wenzhou Polytechnic
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato grafting and seedling management method, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The tomato grafting and seedling management method comprises the following steps: preparing a matrix, preparing a stock and a scion, grafting, and managing grafted seedlings; the method uses the soft sleeve instead of the grafting clamp when grafting the tomatoes, has simple operation, can avoid the damage of the grafting clamp to the grafted seedlings of the tomatoes and improve the survival rate; the vertical space can be greatly utilized by using the seedling raising shelf with the light supplementing and moving functions, and the seedling raising efficiency of unit area is improved; the reducible earlier stage of using plastic film parcel to water the volume, utilize tomato grafting self to breathe the heat and the steam of giving off, reduce artificial interference, use non-woven fabrics to cover multiplicable moisturizing, have ventilation function concurrently, avoid humidity too big, cause mashed seedling, use the early stage weak light filling can improve healing rate, make tomato grafting grow stronger, the disease resistance is stronger, grafting is whole to grow more evenly, more neat, provides the guarantee for the field planting in later stage.

Description

Tomato grafting and seedling management method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a tomato grafting and seedling management method.
Background
The tomatoes are one of the main solanaceous vegetables cultivated in the south Zhejiang area in overwintering, have large production area, break through more than 5 million acres, and become a main source for increasing the income of farmers. With the continuous expansion of the tomato planting area and the high multiple cropping index, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the tomatoes is very prominent, and the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and the like are increasingly serious, so that the large-area death of the tomato production in a planting base is caused, and the great loss is caused to the vegetable production and farmers, which becomes the main bottleneck of the facility tomato production. Grafting is an effective method for effectively overcoming the harm of soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping of tomatoes, and is applied to large areas in production. However, since the tomato production in the south Zhejiang area is mainly conducted through overwintering long-season facility cultivation, the tomato grafting seedling cultivation is generally carried out in 9-10 months, and the high-temperature summer season is positive, under such climatic conditions, according to the existing tomato grafting seedling cultivation technology, the grafted seedlings are easy to grow in vain, have serious aerial roots, dead seedlings and the like, so that the grafted seedlings are low in survival rate and poor in commodity, difficulty and risk are brought to intensive grafting seedling cultivation of tomatoes, large-scale and industrialized development of tomato grafting seedling cultivation in the south Zhejiang area is hindered, and large-area popularization and application of the tomato grafting cultivation technology are influenced.
The traditional tomato grafting technology usually adopts a cleft grafting method, the cut scions are inserted into the cuts of the stocks to enable the scions to be closely matched with the cuts, and then the scions are fixed by a grafting clip. The grafting survival rate of the method is high (about 80%), but the method is complex in operation process, high in requirement on the proficiency of operators, low in working efficiency, high in labor cost and unobvious in benefit. When the grafting clamp is used for clamping, stems of the grafting stock and the scion are easily damaged, healing and later-stage cultivation growth of the grafted seedlings are influenced, and the problems of uneven sizes of the seedlings, low uniformity, non-robust seedlings and the like can also occur in tomato grafting and seedling culture.
Chinese patent CN108184465A discloses a tomato grafting and seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a substrate; (2) sowing and managing stock scions; (3) grafting; (4) and (5) managing grafted seedlings. However, in the invention, the illumination is not timely in the aspect of seedling management after grafting the tomatoes, and the survival rate is easy to decrease.
Chinese patent CN105766397A discloses a tomato seedling grafting technology and a management method thereof, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation; the tomato seedling grafting technology comprises the following steps: setting a seedling raising greenhouse, selecting a seedling raising matrix, selecting a stock, pre-treating and sowing seeds, a grafting method, an operation rule and a management method after grafting. However, in the invention, the grafted seedlings have poor disease resistance and low survival rate, and meanwhile, the later-stage management method does not supplement illumination in time, so that the growth of the grafted seedlings is limited to a certain extent, and further the fruit yield, the pulp color and the taste quality are influenced.
Chinese patent CN107493993A discloses a tomato grafting and seedling method, which comprises the following steps: s1, seedling pretreatment, including stock preparation and tomato seedling preparation; s2, grafting by using a sleeve; s3, seedling management, including temperature and humidity control and illumination control; and S4, managing water and fertilizer. However, in the patent, the selected rootstock and the scion are not disinfected and sterilized, the grafted part is rotten and killed, the grafting survival rate is influenced, and meanwhile, in the later period management of the grafted seedling, the ventilation time of the first three days is short, so that the growth environment of the grafted seedling cannot be effectively ensured.
Chinese patent CN107896673A discloses a tomato grafting method, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting the rootstock: selecting tomato stocks with relatively comprehensive resistance; (2) selection of scion varieties: tomato varieties are cultivated according to the conditions of the cultivation season, climate and the like; (3) grafting materials: the grafting needle is a steel needle with the length of 10mm and the diameter of 0.2 mm; (4) breeding: simultaneously sowing the scions and the stocks, and adopting a substrate plug seedling; (5) grafting: selecting seedlings with the same thickness of the rootstock and the scion during grafting, firstly, obliquely cutting the rootstock upwards by using a blade, removing the upper part, and then, inserting a grafting needle into the center of the section of the rootstock along the axis by using the grafting needle; the scions are obliquely cut downwards by the same method, and the cut scions are inserted on the rootstocks; (6) and (3) management after grafting: after the seedlings are grafted, bottom water supply is carried out, the seedlings are placed in a small arched shed after sufficient water is absorbed, and the shed is buckled for moisturizing, however, the tomato grafting process is complex, the artificial interference is more, the growth condition of the grafted tomato seedlings is greatly influenced, and the grafted tomato seedlings are not favorable for healthy and strong growth.
Chinese patent CN105766397A discloses a tomato seedling grafting technology and a management method thereof, wherein the tomato seedling grafting technology comprises the following steps: setting a seedling raising greenhouse, selecting a seedling raising matrix, selecting a stock, pre-treating and sowing seeds, a grafting method, an operation rule and a management method after grafting. However, in the method for managing the grafted seedlings, proper illumination and wind prevention are not performed in the first three days, so that the seedlings are easily killed seriously, the survival rate is influenced, and the grafting efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, the invention provides a tomato grafting and seedling management method, in the tomato grafting seedling management process, the illumination intensity and the illumination time are controlled through manual light supplement, the illumination from 1 day to 3 days after the grafting of the tomato grafting seedlings is compensated, the survival rate of the tomato grafting seedlings is improved, and the quality of the tomato grafting seedlings is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a tomato grafting and seedling management method, which overcomes the defects in the traditional tomato grafting technology, has higher grafting efficiency, can accelerate the wound healing speed of tomato grafting stocks and scions, and has high survival rate of grafted seedlings, strong disease resistance and good quality of grafted seedling finished products.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tomato grafting and seedling raising management method comprises the following steps:
s10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite; the ventilation pore, the water holding pore, the maximum water content and the fertility level of the seedling culture substrate are in accordance with the whole process of reproductive growth and vegetative growth of the rootstock and the tomato seedlings on average.
S20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 25-27 days, the height of 15-18 cm and the stem thickness of 2.5-3.0 mm as stocks, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 22-25 days and the stem thickness of 2.0-2.5 mm and 3-4 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in the S20 is 2.5 mm-3.0 mm and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.0mm-2.5mm, grafting the rootstock and the scion by adopting a sleeve grafting method to obtain a tomato grafted seedling, wherein before grafting, the rootstock and the scion selected in the S20 are respectively sterilized;
s40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing chamber, controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃, and continuously feeding 30 mu mol/m for 3 days2/s～50μmol/m2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment; the seedling raising shelf is wrapped by the plastic film, so that water loss can be prevented, humidity does not need to be supplemented, and man-made interference and cost investment can be reduced;
s42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and according to the weather conditions, 8 in the morning: 00-9: 00 and 16 pm: 00-17: 00 uncovering the cloth and releasing wind for 25-45 min respectively, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night; the non-woven fabrics covered on the seedling raising shelf are wet non-woven fabrics, the water content is 75% -85%, the environment with uniform humidity can be kept for the growth of the tomato grafted seedlings, in addition, the non-woven fabrics are uncovered at night, the seedling raising shelf does not need to be covered, the tomato grafted seedlings are in a relatively open growth environment, and the tomato grafted seedlings are favorable for the vigorous growth of the tomato grafted seedlings;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
s44, after the 10 th to 12 th days after grafting, the tomato grafted seedling is cultivated, and the tomato grafted seedling can be taken out for field planting or sale.
Further, in S30, the specific process of the sleeve joining method is as follows: firstly, a cutting blade is used for upwards beveling at an angle of 35-45 degrees at a position 6-7 cm away from a basal part of a hypocotyl of a stock selected from S20, a cut surface is flat and smooth, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted from the top of the cut surface of the stock, the lower part of the cut surface of the stock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the stock are selected from scions selected from S20, downward beveling is carried out at the position of the hypocotyl at an angle of 35-45 degrees, the cut surfaces of the scion seedlings are downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, and the two bevels of the stock and the scion are tightly jointed to obtain the tomato grafted seedlings.
Further, the casing specifications are: the height is 0.6 mm-0.8 mm, and the pipe diameter is 2.5 cm-3.0 mm.
Further, in S30, the sterilization treatment specifically includes: and (4) spraying 2 times of a sterilizing agent on the rootstocks and the scions selected in the step S20, wherein the interval time is 3-4 h. A small amount of cytokinin is also contained in the sterilizing agent, so that the grafting wound of the tomato grafting seedling can be promoted to heal quickly, the survival rate is improved, the grafting environment can be improved by sterilizing and disinfecting the tomato grafting stock and the scion, the seedling death rate is reduced, the bacterial breeding is avoided, and the survival rate is influenced.
Furthermore, the dosage of the disinfectant and the sterilizing agent is 10 liters/mu to 15 liters/mu.
Furthermore, the disinfectant and sterilizing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of deionized water, 3.5 to 4.5 portions of ethanol, 0.05 to 0.08 portion of hypochlorous acid, 0.03 to 0.06 portion of citric acid, 0.03 to 0.05 portion of propineb, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of streptomycin sulfate, 4.5 to 5.5 portions of hymexazol and 1.2 to 2.4 portions of cytokinin.
Further, in S41, moving wheels are provided at the bottom of the seedling rack. The movable wheel can help the seedling raising shelf to move freely, the stability is good, adverse effects on the healing of grafting wounds caused by moving tomato grafting seedlings can be avoided, and the use is convenient.
Furthermore, the specification parameters of the seedling raising shelf are as follows: 60cm wide, 110cm long, 150m high, 35cm high.
Furthermore, an LED lamp strip connected with a plug is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling raising shelf. The LED lamp strip is used for supplementing weak light from 1 st to 3 rd days after tomato grafting, the light intensity and the illumination time can be controlled, a moderate weak light environment is provided for tomato grafted seedlings, the healing of grafting wounds is promoted, and the survival rate and the quality of the tomato grafted seedlings are improved.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the tomato grafting and seedling management method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the grafting process is simple, the operation speed is high, the time and the labor are saved, the labor cost is saved, the used sleeve is a soft sleeve, the grafting wound healing cannot be damaged compared with a grafting clamp, the grafting wound can be attached more tightly, the wound healing is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved;
2. according to the tomato grafting seedling management method disclosed by the invention, early-stage low-light supplement and ventilation are carried out three days before grafting healing, so that grafting wound healing is facilitated, and the tomato grafting seedling management method has a remarkable progress significance compared with the dark management three days before the traditional grafting technology;
3. according to the tomato grafting seedling management method disclosed by the invention, the self-made seedling shelf with the light supplementing and moving functions has the light supplementing and moving functions, is time-saving and labor-saving, and is convenient for transferring grafted seedlings, and meanwhile, after the seedling shelf is wrapped by a plastic film, the moisture and heat can be generated by utilizing the respiration of plants, so that the humidity and the temperature are ensured, the artificial interference is reduced, and the healing of grafting wounds in the early stage is facilitated;
4. according to the tomato grafting and seedling management method disclosed by the invention, the non-woven fabric is covered on the seedling frame, compared with the traditional film covering, the moisture preservation effect can be realized, the ventilation function is realized, the rotten seedlings caused by overlarge humidity can be effectively avoided, and the survival rate of the tomato grafted seedlings is improved;
5. according to the tomato grafting and seedling management method disclosed by the invention, the stock is sprayed with the disinfectant before grafting, so that the disinfection and sterilization treatment can be carried out, the growth of the stock and the scion and the healing of a wound can be promoted, and a foundation is laid for subsequent grafting.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
Tomato grafting and seedling management method
S10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite;
s20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 25 days, the height of 15cm and the stem thickness of 2.5mm as stock, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 22 days, the stem thickness of 2.0mm and 3 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in S20 is 2.5mm and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.0mm, a cutting blade is firstly used for upwards beveling at an angle of 35 degrees at the position 6cm away from the base part of the hypocotyl of the rootstock selected in S20, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted into the top of the cutting surface of the rootstock, the lower part of the cutting surface of the rootstock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the rootstock are selected from the scion selected in S83, downwards beveling is carried out at the position of the hypocotyl at an angle of 35 degrees, the cutting surface of the cut scion seedlings is downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, the two beveling surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are tightly jointed to obtain the grafted tomato 63, wherein before grafting, 2 times of sterilizing agent is sprayed on the rootstock and the;
in the above operation, the casing specifications were: the height is 0.6mm, and the pipe diameter is 2.5 cm; the dosage of the disinfectant is 10 liters per mu; the sterilizing agent consists of the following raw materials by weight: 10000g of deionized water, 350g of ethanol, 5g of hypochlorous acid, 3g of citric acid, 3g of propineb, 6g of streptomycin sulfate, 450g of hymexazol and 120g of cytokinin.
S40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing chamber, controlling the temperature at 24 ℃, and continuously providing 30 mu mol/m for 3 days2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment;
in the operation, the bottom of the seedling raising shelf is provided with a moving wheel; the specification parameters of the seedling raising shelf are as follows: 60cm in width, 110cm in length, 150m in height and 35cm in layer height; and an LED lamp strip with one end connected with a plug is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling raising shelf.
S42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and according to the weather conditions, 8 in the morning: 00 and 16 pm: 00 uncovering the cloth and releasing wind for 25min respectively, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
and S44, after the 10 th day after grafting, the tomato grafted seedling is cultivated, and the tomato grafted seedling can be taken out for field planting or sale.
Example 2
Tomato grafting and seedling management method
S10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite;
s20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 27 days, the height of 18cm and the stem thickness of 3.0mm as stock, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 5 days, the stem thickness of 2.5mm and 4 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in S20 is 3.0mm and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.5mm, a cutting blade is used for upwards beveling at an angle of 45 degrees at the position 7cm away from the base part of the hypocotyl of the rootstock selected in S20, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted into the top of the cutting surface of the rootstock, the lower part of the cutting surface of the rootstock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the rootstock are selected from the scion selected in S83, downwards beveling is carried out at the position of the hypocotyl at an angle of 45 degrees, the cutting surface of the cut scion seedlings is downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, the two bevels of the rootstock and the scion are tightly combined to obtain the grafted tomato 63, wherein before grafting, 2 times of sterilizing agent is sprayed on the rootstock and the sci;
in the above operation, the casing specifications were: the height is 0.8mm, and the pipe diameter is 3.0 mm; the dosage of the disinfectant is 15 liters per mu; the sterilizing agent consists of the following raw materials by weight: 10000g of deionized water, 450g of ethanol, 8g of hypochlorous acid, 6g of citric acid, 5g of propineb, 8g of streptomycin sulfate, 550g of hymexazol and 240g of cytokinin.
S40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing chamber, controlling the temperature at 26 ℃, and continuously supplying 35 mu mol/m for 3 days2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment;
in the operation, the bottom of the seedling raising shelf is provided with a moving wheel; the specification parameters of the seedling raising shelf are as follows: 60cm in width, 110cm in length, 150m in height and 35cm in layer height; and an LED lamp strip with one end connected with a plug is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling raising shelf.
S42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and according to the weather conditions, getting 9 in the morning: 00 and 17 pm: 00 uncovering the cloth and releasing wind for 45min respectively, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
and S44, after the 12 th day after grafting, the tomato grafted seedling is cultivated, and the tomato grafted seedling can be taken out for field planting or sale.
Example 3
Tomato grafting and seedling management method
S10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite;
s20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 27 days, the height of 16cm and the stem thickness of 2.6mm as stock, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 23 days, the stem thickness of 2.2mm and 4 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in S20 is 2.6mm, and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.2mm, a cutting blade is firstly used at the position 6.8cm away from the base part of the hypocotyl of the rootstock selected in S20, the cutting blade is obliquely cut upwards at an angle of 37 degrees, the cut surface is flat and smooth, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted into the top of the cutting surface of the rootstock, the lower part of the cutting surface of the rootstock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the rootstock are selected from the scion selected in S20, the cutting blade is obliquely cut downwards at an angle of 37 degrees, the cut surfaces of the scion seedlings are downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, the two oblique cutting surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are tightly jointed to obtain the grafted tomato, wherein the rootstock and the scion selected in S20 are;
in the above operation, the casing specifications were: the height is 0.8mm, and the pipe diameter is 2.6 mm; the dosage of the disinfectant is 12 liters per mu; the sterilizing agent consists of the following raw materials by weight: 10000g of deionized water, 380g of ethanol, 6g of hypochlorous acid, 4g of citric acid, 5g of propineb, 8g of streptomycin sulfate, 480g of hymexazol and 160g of cytokinin.
S40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing chamber, controlling the temperature at 25.5 ℃, and continuously providing 42 mu mol/m for 3 days2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment;
in the operation, the bottom of the seedling raising shelf is provided with a moving wheel; the specification parameters of the seedling raising shelf are as follows: 60cm in width, 110cm in length, 150m in height and 35cm in layer height; and an LED lamp strip with one end connected with a plug is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling raising shelf.
S42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and according to the weather conditions, 8 in the morning: 45 and 16 pm: 15 respectively uncovering the cloth for 40min, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
and S44, after the 12 th day after grafting, the tomato grafted seedling is cultivated, and the tomato grafted seedling can be taken out for field planting or sale.
Example 4
Tomato grafting and seedling management method
S10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite;
s20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 26 days, the height of 17cm and the stem thickness of 2.8mm as stock, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 24 days, the stem thickness of 2.4mm and 3 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in S20 is 2.8mm and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.4mm, a cutting blade is firstly used for upwards beveling at an angle of 40 degrees at the position 6.5cm away from the base part of the hypocotyl of the rootstock selected in S20, the cut surface is flat and smooth, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted into the top of the cut surface of the rootstock, the lower part of the cut surface of the rootstock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the rootstock are selected from the scion selected in S20, downwards beveling is carried out at the position of the hypocotyl, the cut surfaces of the scion seedlings are downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, the two beveling surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are tightly jointed to obtain the grafted tomato, wherein 2 times of sterilizing agents are respectively sprayed on the rootstock and the scion;
in the above operation, the casing specifications were: the height is 0.7mm, and the pipe diameter is 2.8 mm; the dosage of the disinfectant is 14 liters/mu; the sterilizing agent consists of the following raw materials by weight: 10000g of deionized water, 420g of ethanol, 7g of hypochlorous acid, 5g of citric acid, 4g of propineb, 7g of streptomycin sulfate, 510g of hymexazol and 210g of cytokinin.
S40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing chamber, controlling the temperature at 25.2 ℃, and continuously feeding 36 mu mol/m for 3 days2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment;
in the operation, the bottom of the seedling raising shelf is provided with a moving wheel; the specification parameters of the seedling raising shelf are as follows: 60cm in width, 110cm in length, 150m in height and 35cm in layer height; and an LED lamp strip with one end connected with a plug is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling raising shelf.
S42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and according to the weather conditions, 8 in the morning: 30 and 16 pm: 10 respectively uncovering the cloth and releasing the wind for 30min, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
and S44, after 11 days after grafting, finishing the cultivation of the tomato grafted seedlings, namely taking out the tomato grafted seedlings for field planting or selling.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment and an experimental example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The tomato grafting and seedling management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, matrix preparation: selecting a special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising in the market, wherein the basic components of the special seedling raising substrate for vegetable seedling raising are peat, vermiculite and perlite;
s20, stock and scion preparation: selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 25-27 days, the height of 15-18 cm and the stem thickness of 2.5-3.0 mm as stocks, selecting tomato seedlings with the seedling age of 22-25 days and the stem thickness of 2.0-2.5 mm and 3-4 true leaves as scions, wherein the stock variety is Zhejiang stock I, and the scion variety is Ouxiu 201;
s30, grafting process: when the stem thickness of the upper part of the cotyledon of the rootstock selected in the S20 is 2.5 mm-3.0 mm and the stem thickness of the lower part of the cotyledon of the scion is 2.0mm-2.5mm, grafting the rootstock and the scion by adopting a sleeve grafting method to obtain a tomato grafted seedling, wherein before grafting, the rootstock and the scion selected in the S20 are respectively sterilized;
s40, grafted seedling management:
s41, placing the grafted tomato seedlings in the S30 on a seedling raising shelf with light supplementing and moving functions from 1 st day to 3 rd day after grafting, wrapping the seedling raising shelf with a plastic film, placing the wrapped seedling raising shelf in a healing room, and keeping the temperature at the roomControlling the temperature at 24-26 ℃, and continuously administering 30 mu mol/m for 3 days2/s～50μmol/m2The healing room is made of a color steel sandwich plate and is internally provided with temperature control equipment;
s42, transferring the tomato grafted seedlings to a seedling bed frame of a seedling raising greenhouse from day 4 to day 7, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling bed frame, and taking 8% in the morning: 00-9: 00 and 16 pm: 00-17: 00 uncovering the cloth and releasing wind for 25-45 min respectively, and uncovering the non-woven fabric at night;
s43, removing non-woven fabrics on a seedling bed frame after 8 days, spraying 1000-time diluted chlormequat chloride solution for 1 time to control growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and performing pest control, wherein the using amount of the chlormequat chloride solution is 15 liters/mu;
s44, after the 10 th to 12 th days after grafting, the tomato grafted seedling is cultivated, and the tomato grafted seedling can be taken out for field planting or sale;
in S30, the sterilization treatment specifically includes: spraying 2 times of a sterilizing agent on the rootstock and the scion selected in the S20, wherein the interval time is 3-4 h;
the sterilizing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of deionized water, 3.5 to 4.5 portions of ethanol, 0.05 to 0.08 portion of hypochlorous acid, 0.03 to 0.06 portion of citric acid, 0.03 to 0.05 portion of propineb, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of streptomycin sulfate, 4.5 to 5.5 portions of hymexazol and 1.2 to 2.4 portions of cytokinin.
2. The tomato grafting and seedling management method according to claim 1, wherein in S30, the specific process of the sleeve grafting method is as follows: firstly, a cutting blade is used for upwards beveling at an angle of 35-45 degrees at a position 6-7 cm away from a basal part of a hypocotyl of a stock selected from S20, a cut surface is flat and smooth, a plastic soft sleeve is inserted from the top of the cut surface of the stock, the lower part of the cut surface of the stock is positioned at the middle height position of the plastic soft sleeve, scion seedlings with the same diameter as the stock are selected from scions selected from S20, downward beveling is carried out at the position of the hypocotyl at an angle of 35-45 degrees, the cut surfaces of the scion seedlings are downwards inserted into the plastic soft sleeve, and the two bevels of the stock and the scion are tightly jointed to obtain the tomato grafted seedlings.
3. The tomato grafting seedling management method according to claim 2, wherein the specifications of the sleeve are as follows: the height is 0.6 mm-0.8 mm, and the pipe diameter is 2.5 cm-3.0 mm.
4. The tomato grafting and seedling management method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the disinfectant is 10-15L/mu.
5. The tomato grafting and seedling management method of claim 1, wherein in S41, the bottom of the seedling rack is provided with moving wheels.
6. The tomato grafting seedling management method according to claim 5, wherein the specification parameters of the seedling shelf are as follows: 60cm wide, 110cm long, 150m high, 35cm high.
7. The tomato grafting seedling management method according to claim 5, wherein an LED lamp strip with a plug connected to one end is distributed on each layer of shelf partition plate of the seedling shelf.
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CN110622716A (en) * 2019-10-25 2019-12-31 贵州大学 Tomato grafting and seedling raising method
CN111543198A (en) * 2020-06-06 2020-08-18 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 Method for grafting lateral branches of tomatoes
CN111727755A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-10-02 山东省伟丽种苗科学研究院 Tomato double-root-cutting double-stem grafting method
CN114375778B (en) * 2022-01-11 2022-12-13 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Method for reducing growth of aerial roots of cherry tomato grafted seedlings
CN114532088B (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-11-22 北京极星农业有限公司 Tomato grafting wound healing method

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