CN109437959A - 一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents
一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
本发明属于多孔陶瓷领域,具体涉及一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法。原料及质量百分比为:11~32%的ρ‑Al2O3粉末、13~36%的高岭土或锆英石粉末、33~75%的莫来石纤维。取ρ‑Al2O3、高岭土或锆英石粉末,加入一定量的去离子水,机械搅拌并进行超声波振荡,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料;随后将莫来石纤维均匀加入陶瓷浆料中,继续搅拌、振荡,获得凝胶型陶瓷‑纤维浆料;然后于常温下注模成型、固化,将成型后的素坯于恒温干燥箱中干燥,脱模后置于高温炉中,于空气气氛下烧结,获得莫来石结合或ZrO2‑莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。本发明工艺简单易行,对环境友好,所制备的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷气孔率高、热导率低且强度较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔陶瓷领域,具体涉及一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法。
背景技术
莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷因其具有良好的热稳定性能、较低的热导率和热膨胀系数、优良的机械强度及优异的化学稳定性,且其成本较低廉,而被广泛应用于高温窑炉的保温耐火材料、化学催化剂载体、高温烟气过滤器及油水分离陶瓷载体等领域。目前莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷多采用凝胶注模工艺制备,这是由于凝胶注模法所制备的多孔陶瓷具有坯体均匀、孔结构合理、可获得近终形尺寸的复杂元件等优点。
然而,目前所采用的凝胶注模制备多孔陶瓷的工艺,需在陶瓷浆料中加入大量的有机单体和交联剂,同时加入引发剂和催化剂,使料浆中的有机单体发生原位聚合反应并凝固而形成陶瓷坯体。在现有的凝胶注模制备多孔陶瓷的技术中,专利CN103922748A公开一种多孔氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其采用丙烯酰胺为有机单体,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵和四甲基乙二胺分别为引发剂和催化剂;专利CN106554206A提供的一种钇稳定氧化锆多孔陶瓷的凝胶注模成型方法,亦采用丙烯酰胺、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺及叔丁醇分别为有机单体、交联剂和溶剂;而专利CN107500781A公开的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法,采用的凝胶体系包括聚丙烯酰胺凝胶体系、多胺-环氧树脂凝胶体系及水溶性顺丁烯类聚合物凝胶体系。
在上述已有技术中,凝胶体系所采用的有机单体均有不同程度的毒性,对人类神经系统能产生不可逆转的损害;同时凝胶体系中大量有机物的使用,不仅提高生产成本,且其在脱脂和烧结过程中将释放大量对环境有害的气体。因此,发明一种对环境友好,且不使用任何有机物的环保型凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷,是该多孔陶瓷制备领域亟待解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服目前凝胶注模法制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷工艺中存在的劣势和缺点,提供一种工艺简单易行、适合于工业大规模生产且环境友好的环保型凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,按质量百分比计,原料采用11~32%的ρ-Al2O3粉末、13~36%的高岭土或锆英石粉末、33~75%的莫来石纤维;首先将ρ-Al2O3粉末、高岭土或锆英石粉末混合配料后,加入去离子水,机械搅拌并超声波振荡4~6分钟后,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料;然后均匀加入莫来石纤维并继续搅拌振荡25~35分钟,所获得的凝胶型陶瓷-纤维浆料于常温下注模成型后固化;再将成型素坯在65~75℃下干燥48~96小时后,于1400~1600℃下烧结1~6小时,获得莫来石结合或ZrO2-莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,去离子水的添加量为原料总质量的100~200%。
所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,ρ-Al2O3粉末的粒度为1~10μm,高岭土或锆英石粉末的粒度为20~50μm,莫来石纤维的规格尺寸范围为直径5~10μm、长度50~125μm。
所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷技术参数如下:显气孔率为54.4%~73.6%,体积密度为0.82~1.4g/cm3,耐压强度为4.9~9.6MPa,热导率为0.289~0.641W/(m·K)。
所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,ZrO2-莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷技术参数如下:显气孔率为47.3~55.6%,体积密度为1.40~1.70g/cm3,耐压强度为10.4~14.4MPa,热导率为0.752~0.854W/(m·K)。
本发明的设计思想是:
本发明通过ρ-Al2O3的水化形成凝胶并可逐渐固化的原理,取代现有凝胶注模工艺中的有机物凝胶体系,并通过添加高岭土或锆英石,使其在高温下与ρ-Al2O3的水化产物形成新莫来石相或ZrO2-莫来石相,并以其作为高温结合相结合莫来石纤维,从而制备出莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
本发明的优点及有益效果是:
本发明制备的产品具有气孔率高、高温使用性能优异、导热率低和强度较高的特点。通过本发明,可有效弥补现有凝胶注模工艺需大量使用有毒且对环境不友好的有机物的不足,且其技术方法简单易行,适合大规模工业化生产,具有广阔的应用前景和实际价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明所制备的莫来石结合纤维基多孔陶瓷的扫描电镜照片。
图2为本发明所制备的ZrO2-莫来石结合纤维基多孔陶瓷的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
在具体实施过程中,本发明利用ρ-Al2O3在常温下可与水发生反应形成拜耳石和勃姆石凝胶并逐渐固化的特点,通过在凝胶中加入莫来石纤维、高岭土或锆英石,注模成型后,高温烧成制备莫来石结合或ZrO2-莫来石结合的纤维基多孔陶瓷。
下面,通过实施例和附图对本发明进一步详细阐述。
实施例1
本实施例中,原料采用ρ-Al2O3粉末、高岭土粉末和莫来石纤维,ρ-Al2O3粉末的粒度为5μm,高岭土粉末的粒度为25μm,莫来石纤维的规格尺寸范围为直径5~10μm、长度50~125μm。首先以质量百分比分别为23.5%的ρ-Al2O3粉末、26.5%的高岭土粉末进行混合配料,加入原料总质量150%的去离子水,置于机械搅拌器中搅拌并进行超声波振荡5分钟,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料,随后将质量百分比为50%的莫来石纤维均匀加入陶瓷浆料中,继续搅拌、振荡30分钟,获得凝胶型陶瓷-纤维浆料,然后于常温下注模成型、固化,将成型后的素坯于70℃的恒温干燥箱中干燥96小时,脱模后置于高温炉中于空气气氛下在1600℃的温度下烧结4小时,获得莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
用本实施例方法制备的产品,其显气孔率为58.7%,体积密度为1.26g/cm3,耐压强度为8.16MPa,热导率为0.641W/(m·K)。
实施例2
本实施例中,原料采用ρ-Al2O3粉末、高岭土粉末和莫来石纤维,ρ-Al2O3粉末的粒度为3μm,高岭土粉末的粒度为45μm,莫来石纤维的规格尺寸范围为直径5~10μm、长度50~125μm。首先以质量百分比分别为15.7%的ρ-Al2O3粉末、17.7%的高岭土粉末进行混合配料,加入原料总质量170%的去离子水,置于机械搅拌器中搅拌并进行超声波振荡5分钟,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料,随后将质量百分比为66.6%的莫来石纤维均匀加入陶瓷浆料中,继续搅拌、振荡30分钟,获得凝胶型陶瓷-纤维浆料,然后于常温下注模成型、固化,将成型后的素坯于70℃的恒温干燥箱中干燥72小时,脱模后置于高温炉中于空气气氛下在1600℃的温度下烧结4小时,获得莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
用本实施例方法制备的产品,其显气孔率为71.2%,体积密度为0.89g/cm3,耐压强度为6.02MPa,热导率为0.306W/(m·K)。图1来自本实施例,图1说明所制备的莫来石结合纤维基多孔陶瓷具有大量的气孔且其纤维间结合较好。
实施例3
本实施例中,原料采用ρ-Al2O3粉末、锆英石粉末和莫来石纤维,ρ-Al2O3粉末的粒度为10μm,锆英石粉末的粒度为45μm,莫来石纤维的规格尺寸范围为直径5~10μm、长度50~125μm。首先以质量百分比分别为11.9%的ρ-Al2O3粉末、13.1%的锆英石粉末进行混合配料,加入原料总质量160%的去离子水,置于机械搅拌器中搅拌并进行超声波振荡5分钟,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料,随后将质量百分比为75%的莫来石纤维均匀加入陶瓷浆料中,继续搅拌、振荡30分钟,获得凝胶型陶瓷-纤维浆料,然后于常温下注模成型、固化,将成型后的素坯于70℃的恒温干燥箱中干燥48小时,脱模后置于高温炉中于空气气氛下在1600℃的温度下烧结6小时,获得ZrO2-莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
用本实施例方法制备的产品,其显气孔率为55.6%,体积密度为1.4g/cm3,耐压强度为10.4MPa,热导率为0.752W/(m·K)。图2来自本实施例,图2说明所制备的ZrO2-莫来石结合纤维基多孔陶瓷具有大量的气孔且其纤维间搭建结合较好。
实施例结果表明,本发明方法工艺简单易行,对环境友好,所制备的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷气孔率高、热导率低且强度较高。
Claims (5)
1.一种环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,原料采用11~32%的ρ-Al2O3粉末、13~36%的高岭土或锆英石粉末、33~75%的莫来石纤维;首先将ρ-Al2O3粉末、高岭土或锆英石粉末混合配料后,加入去离子水,机械搅拌并超声波振荡4~6分钟后,获得稳定均匀的陶瓷浆料;然后均匀加入莫来石纤维并继续搅拌振荡25~35分钟,所获得的凝胶型陶瓷-纤维浆料于常温下注模成型后固化;再将成型素坯在65~75℃下干燥48~96小时后,于1400~1600℃下烧结1~6小时,获得莫来石结合或ZrO2-莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,去离子水的添加量为原料总质量的100~200%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,ρ-Al2O3粉末的粒度为1~10μm,高岭土或锆英石粉末的粒度为20~50μm,莫来石纤维的规格尺寸范围为直径5~10μm、长度50~125μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷技术参数如下:显气孔率为54.4%~73.6%,体积密度为0.82~1.4g/cm3,耐压强度为4.9~9.6MPa,热导率为0.289~0.641W/(m·K)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型凝胶注模制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,ZrO2-莫来石结合的莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷技术参数如下:显气孔率为47.3~55.6%,体积密度为1.40~1.70g/cm3,耐压强度为10.4~14.4MPa,热导率为0.752~0.854W/(m·K)。
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