CN109414303B - 假体组件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种假体组件(1、10、100),其包括假体部件(2、20、200)和具有干涉几何结构(5、50、500)的紧固螺钉(6、60、600),干涉几何结构被设计为允许相对旋转、限制相对纵向运动并将假体部件(2、20、200)和紧固螺钉(6、60、600)不可分离连接。干涉几何结构(5、50、500)可以是在该螺钉(6)的主体的具有较小直径的部分中附接到紧固螺钉(6)的环的形式,或者是一个或多个向内折叠的、一体形成在假体部件(20)中的翼片的形式,或者是假体部件(200)的下部的均匀的、锥形的并且中空的突出部的形式。本发明还涉及一种用于制造所公开的假体组件(1、10、100)的方法,包括以下步骤:形成具有中心孔(8、80)的假体部件(2、20、200),中心孔(8、80)用于接收紧固螺钉(6、60、600);形成紧固螺钉(6、60、600),其主体具有直径较小的部分(62、602);将紧固螺钉(6、60、600)插入假体部件(2、20、200)的中心孔(8、80);以及在假体部件(2、20、200)的基部和紧固螺钉(6、60、600)的主体之间形成干涉几何结构(5、50、500)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用于人体的假体修复体领域,并且特别涉及一种设计为旨在在受试者使用后帮助移除假体的假体组件,以及该假体组件的生产方法。
背景技术
用于牙齿和整形外科用途的假体修复体在现有技术中是众所周知的,它们由彼此附接的不同部件组成,这些部件通常通过紧固螺钉和/或阻止部件之间的相对运动的合适的几何结构连接在一起。
例如,在植入物支撑的牙齿修复体中,可以将一个或多个植入物插入受试者的颌中,以使得它可以接收假体基牙形式的结构元件(在美学元件之前作为牙冠或牙桥)。在这种配置中,植入物通过其几何结构以及植入物表面与骨的粘附或“骨整合”附接到骨骼。然后结构元件被安装在植入物上并通过紧固螺钉连接。
在治疗或定期维护期间,可能需要移除或“弹出”植入物的结构元件,这将需要牙科保健医生施加力以移除元件。然而,由于咀嚼引起的对组件的循环压缩的影响,这些元件可能彼此粘附,使得它们更难被移除,从而引起受试者的不适甚至伤害。
在机械循环之后移除假体基牙螺钉时扭矩增加的问题在现有技术中是众所周知的。由于已知植入物连接组件的机械稳定性是植入物修复成功所必需的,因此减小螺钉上的安装扭矩是不可取的。该遗留的问题涉及增加假体部件的移除扭矩,尤其是包括Morse锥的那些工具,如果过度使用,这可能导致使用中的工具断裂或部件断裂。
现有技术水平仅包括用于锁定假体元件(该假体元件包括紧固螺钉和合适的几何结构的不同组合)的系统。然而,通过在部件的弹出方向上施加力可以使假体元件的移除更容易的几何结构是未知的。
举例来说,US 6.663.388公开了已知牙齿植入物和假体元件之间的互连件(即直的或有角度的连接)。所述互连件通过螺钉和支撑环附接到植入物,从而仅接收作为辅助元件的假体部件,所述假体部件通过第二螺钉附接到互连件。可以证实的是,在将螺钉插入互连件的下部之后,包含互连螺钉的支撑环附接到互连件的下部。然而,如现有技术中那样,所描述的环不会使假体部件的移除过程更容易,因为它通过组件的第二螺钉固定,其必须在移除假体元件之前被移除。
US4927.363公开了一种压缩环,其位于螺钉的螺纹部分和定位销之间、假体部件的承重部上。这种环用于改善部件之间的密封,但也不能帮助移除已承受来自重复操作循环的扭矩的假体部件。可以找到包括环的螺钉的其他示例,例如在US 5.100.323和US8.888.486中,其解决了不同的问题,但是对帮助移除在重复循环后对植入物的主体密封的假体部件是无效的。
本发明公开了一种解决假体部件剪切、增加由于循环引起的移除扭矩、工具断裂以及临时支柱和支座的卡住的问题的方案。本发明定义了一种假体组件,该假体组件可以是不同类型(例如在粘合之后的UCLA类型的连接器、微型基台和柱),被设计成在必要时帮助移除假体元件。
发明内容
本发明定义了一种假体组件,其包括假体部件和紧固螺钉,该组件还包括干涉几何结构或元件,干涉几何结构或元件被设计为允许相对旋转、限制相对纵向运动并将假体部件和紧固螺钉不可分离地连接。
干涉几何结构可以是环的形式,其在螺钉主体的具有较小直径的部分中附接到紧固螺钉;或者以一个或多个向内折叠的翼片的形式,与假体部件一体形成并在假体部件基部周围分布;或者以假体元件下部的均匀的、锥形的和中空的突出部的形式。
假体部件可以是各种类型,包括:连接、直的基台、有角度的基台、迷你锥形基台、UCLA、模拟物、“转移”、直柱和有角度的柱。它还包括任何形式的下部,但优选为Morse锥(在本领域中也称为“Morse锥度”)的形式,以及任何形式的防旋转几何结构,但优选地,为六角或八角棱镜的形式。
本发明还定义了一种用于制造本文提出的假体部件的方法,包括形成具有用于接收紧固螺钉的中心孔的假体部件的步骤;形成紧固螺钉的步骤,紧固螺钉的主体具有较小直径的部分;将所述紧固螺钉插入假体部件的中心孔的步骤;以及在假体部件的基部和紧固螺钉的主体之间形成干涉几何结构的步骤。
根据本发明优选实施例的假体组件的制造方法的不同之处在于形成干涉元件的方式。其中:在第一优选实施例中,形成干涉几何结构的步骤包括将环附接到螺钉主体的具有较小直径的部分;在第二优选实施例中,形成干涉几何结构的步骤包括向内折叠一个或多个一体式的翼片,并将其分布在假体元件基部中,所述一个或多个翼片向内折叠并与紧固螺钉的具有较小直径的主体部分配合;以及在第三优选实施例中,形成干涉几何结构的步骤包括向内折叠假体元件的下部的中空的突出部,从而形成锥形元件,该锥形元件与紧固螺钉的具有较小直径的部分配合。
附图说明
现在将通过非限制性示例的方式参考附图来描述本发明,其中:
图1A是作为本发明目的的假体组件的第一实施例的侧视图;
图1B是集成本发明第一实施例的假体组件的假体部件的透视图;
图1C是图1A中所示的假体组件的立体图;以及
图1D是图1A的下部从线DD'的剖视图,示出了作为本发明目的的假体组件的第一实施例的内部组件;
图2A又是根据本发明目的的假体组件的第二实施例的侧视图;
图2B是集成本发明第二实施例的假体组件的假体部件的立体图;
图2C是图2A中所示的假体组件的立体图;以及
图2D是图2A的下部从线DD'的剖视图,示出了作为本发明目的的假体组件的第二实施例的内部组件;
图3A是作为本发明目的的假体组件的第三实施例的侧视图;
图3B是集成本发明第三实施例的假体组件的假体部件的透视图;
图3C是图3A中所示的假体组件的立体图;以及
图3D是图3A的下部从线DD'的剖视图,示出了本发明目的的假体组件的第三实施例的内部组件;
进一步,图4A、4B和4C示出了当沿箭头D的方向驱动紧固螺钉时,第一实施例的假体组件相对于其所附接的牙齿植入物的逐步运动;
类似地,图5A、5B和5C示出了当沿箭头D的方向驱动紧固螺钉时,第二实施例的假体组件相对于其所附接的牙齿植入物的逐步运动;
图6A和6B示出了本发明第二实施例的假体部件下边缘的制造方法的一部分;以及
图7A和7B示出了紧固螺钉在由本发明第二实施例的假体部件下边缘的几何结构施加的限制内的运动。
具体实施方式
在整个说明书中,附图中类似的附图标记表示具有类似功能的特征。此外,当在类似的上下文中引用例如干涉“元件”或“几何结构”时,必须理解为两者都指代相同的特征,其可以实现为与组件相关联的外部“元件”或集成到组件的一部分的主体中的“几何结构”。
关于图1A,作为本发明的目的的假体组件1的第一实施例包括假体部件2,其具有下部3、防旋转几何结构4、干涉元件或几何结构5以及插入假体部件2的中心孔8中的紧固螺钉6。在图1B中可以更好地观察到中心孔8。
所示的假体部件2是假体柱,但它同样可以是本领域已知的任何其他类型的假体元件,例如:连接、直的基台、有角度的基台、迷你锥形基台、UCLA,模拟物、“转移”、直柱或有角度的柱等。进一步地,假体元件2的下部3以Morse锥(在本领域中也称为“Morse锥度”)的形式示出,但它同样可以是任何其他类型的平面或曲面。
当被安装在牙齿植入物7中时(见图4A-5C),假体部件2的下部3接触植入物7的相应内壁,从而在整个假体部件的周围形成均匀的密封,以便增加它对侧向力的阻力。类似地,防旋转几何结构4接触植入物7内的相应几何结构,以便阻止两个部件之间的相对旋转运动。应当注意的是,尽管以六角形的形式示出,但是防旋转几何结构4可以是本领域已知的、能够阻止这些部件之间的相对旋转的任何几何结构,例如,三角形或八角形棱柱、具有方形键的圆柱体或任何无定形几何结构。
在使用中,例如在咀嚼期间,假体组件1相对于安装它的植入物7被循环压缩。随着每个压缩循环,部件中的微变形或甚至在假体部件2的下部3与植入物7的相应内壁之间的密封上的逐渐压缩导致它们彼此粘附,以使得在不损坏组件或伤害患者的情况下,牙齿保健医生将难以分离它们。为了解决该问题,本发明的假体组件包括干涉元件或几何结构5,其一方面允许假体部件2和紧固螺钉6之间的相对旋转,另一方面限制假体部件2和紧固螺钉6之间的纵向运动,以使得当螺钉6接收到移除扭矩时,干涉元件或几何结构5最终碰撞到假体部件2的下边缘,从而将施加到螺钉6的移除扭矩的一部分转换并传递到在假体部件2的移除方向上的力。
为了更好地理解假体部件1的部件,图1B仅示出了集成到本发明第一实施例的假体组件的假体部件2。接下来,图1C和1D分别以立体图和从图1A的线DD'的剖视图示出了完整组件1。
在该第一实施例中,干涉构件5包括环,该环具有大于假体部件2内的螺钉6的进入孔8的内径的外径。该环安装在紧固螺钉的主体的一部分中,其直径相对于螺钉主体的其余部分减小,以使得所述环被安装并且其运动受限于减小直径的螺钉的主体部分。因此,当螺钉6接收到移除扭矩时,构成干涉构件5的环最终邻接假体部件2的下部,此时它将部分移除扭矩以在部件弹出方向的力的形式传递到部件2。
螺钉主体6和干涉构件5的直径之间的这些关系将在下面本发明的其他实施例的描述中更详细地看到。
现在参考图2A至2D,干涉几何结构50可以形成假体元件20的一部分,并且不需要像第一实施例中使用的元件5那样是单独元件。本发明的这个第二实施例的假体组件10仅包括两个部分:假体部件20和紧固螺钉60。如在第一实施例中的那样,假体部件20包括下部30和与植入物内的相应表面配合的防旋转几何结构40。干涉几何结构50以一个或多个可变尺寸的翼片的形式实现,优选地,四个沿直径分布的翼片,在假体部件20的基部向内折叠。在这种情况下,如在以下实施例中,在插入螺钉时,翼片被机械地折叠或向内变形以将螺钉固定在其具有较小直径的部分中。在将所述螺钉插入假体部件20中以形成假体组件10之后,所述一个或多个翼片向内折叠到紧固螺钉主体60的较小直径的部分62中。折叠翼片52的内端直径(参见图6B)与螺钉主体的较小直径62兼容,以允许这些部件之间的相对旋转。但是,折叠翼片52的内端直径小于螺钉主体60的较大直径63,以限制这些部件之间的相对纵向移动。
图3A至3D示出了本发明的第三实施例,其中干涉几何结构500包括假体元件200的下部的逐渐变细以及中空均匀的突出部。如在第二实施例中,假体组件100仅包括两个部分:假体部件200和紧固螺钉600。假体部件200包括下部300和与植入物内的相应表面配合的防旋转几何结构400,并且防旋转几何结构400进一步地包括逐渐变细以及中空均匀的突出部形式的干涉几何结构500,其在插入紧固螺钉600之后以与第二实施例类似的方式被向内折叠。
图4A至4C示出了当沿箭头D的方向驱动紧固螺钉6时,第一实施例的假体组件1相对于其所附接的牙齿植入物7的逐渐运动。箭头A、B和C示出了螺钉6和假体部件2在不同阶段的运动方向。在阶段A(图4A)中,将螺钉6插入植入物7中且不驱动干涉元件5。在步骤B(图4B)中,当沿箭头D的方向向螺钉施加移除扭矩时,螺钉的逐渐退回使得干涉构件5达到螺钉6和假体部件2之间的纵向运动的允许极限。从这时开始,在阶段C(图4C),施加到螺钉6的移除扭矩的一部分作为假体部件2的移除方向上的力被传递到假体部件2。
图4A-4C的剖面图进一步示出了设置在假体部件2中用于接收紧固螺钉6的孔8。螺钉6具有第一支撑表面6',第一支撑表面6'布置成与假体组件内的支撑表面8'配合以阻止螺钉6啮合时部件2的纵向运动。当螺钉的支撑表面6'与假体部件2内的表面8'配合时(图4A),干涉元件5处于允许的运动极限内并且不会阻止螺钉的紧固。当螺栓沿移除方向(箭头D)致动时,螺钉的内部支撑表面6'和部件的内部支撑表面8'彼此远离(图4B),直到干涉元件5允许的极限。在此极限(图4C),沿箭头C所示的移除方向推动部件2。
在植入物7内部,假体部件2的下部3的表面3'与植入物的内腔的相应表面7'配合。当螺钉6被附接时(图4A),下部3的表面3'与植入物腔的表面7'配合,以密封它们之间的空间。当沿移除方向(箭头D)驱动螺钉时,下部3的表面3'最初保持附接到植入物腔的表面7'(图4B)。在第二时刻(图4C),由干涉元件5作用在假体部件2的移除方向上的力导致两个表面(下部3的表面3'和植入腔的表面7')之间的间隔,而不需要牙科保健医生移除该部件的任何额外干预。
类似地,图5A、5B和5C示出了当紧固螺钉沿箭头D的方向被驱动时,第二实施例的假体组件相对于其所附接的牙齿植入物的逐渐运动。在该第二实施例中,它具有与假体部件20一体的干涉几何结构50。
以与图4A至4C的描述类似的方式,图5A至5C示出了当紧固螺钉60在在沿箭头D的方向被驱动时,假体组件10相对于其所附接的牙齿植入物70的逐渐运动。箭头A、B和C示出了螺钉60和假体部件20在不同阶段的运动方向。在阶段A(图5A)中,将螺钉60插入植入物70中且不驱动干涉构件50。在阶段B(图5B)中,当沿箭头D的方向对螺钉施加移除扭矩时,螺钉的逐渐退回使得干涉构件50达到螺钉60和假体部件20之间的允许的纵向运动的极限。当紧固螺钉60的主体的较小直径部分62的表面61邻接干涉构件50的下表面51时产生该限制。从这时开始,在阶段C(图5C),施加到螺钉60的扭矩的一部分传递到假体部件,作为假体部件的弹出方向上的力。
图5A-5C的剖面图还示出了设置在假体部件20中的用于接收紧固螺钉60的孔80。螺钉60具有第一支撑表面64,第一支撑表面64布置成与假体部件内的相应支撑表面84配合以在螺钉60固定时阻止部件20的纵向运动。当螺钉的支撑表面64与假体部件20内的表面84配合时(图5A),干涉构件50处于允许的运动极限内并且不会阻止螺钉的紧固。当沿移除方向(箭头D)驱动螺钉时,螺钉的内部支撑表面64和部件84彼此远离(图5B),直到干涉构件50允许的极限。在该极限(图5C),沿箭头C所示的移除方向推动部件20。
在植入物70内部,假体部件20的下部30的表面31与植入物的内腔的相应表面71配合。当螺钉60被固定时(图5A),下部30的表面31与植入物腔的表面71配合以密封它们之间的空间。当沿移除方向(箭头D)驱动螺钉时,最初(图5B),下部30的表面31保持固定到植入物腔的表面71。随后(图5C),干涉构件50作用在假体部件20的弹出方向上的力导致两个表面(下部30的表面31和植入物腔的表面71)之间的间隔,而不需要牙科保健医生移除该部件的任何额外干预。
制造上述不同实施例的假体组件1、10、100的方法包括以下步骤:(a)形成具有中心孔8、80的假体部件2、20、200,中心孔8、80用于接收紧固螺钉6、60、600;(b)形成紧固螺钉6、60、600,其主体具有较小直径的部分62、602;(c)将所述紧固螺钉6、60、600插入假体部件2、20、200的所述中心孔8、80中;以及(d)在假体部件2、20、200的基部和紧固螺钉6、60、600的主体之间形成干涉几何结构5、50、500,干涉几何结构5、50、500允许相对旋转、限制相对纵向运动并将假体部件2、20、200与所述紧固螺钉6、60、600)不可分离地连接。
在形成干涉元件5或干涉几何形状50、500的步骤(d)中,本发明的不同实施例的制造彼此不同。在制造根据本发明第一实施例的假体组件1时,形成干涉几何结构5的步骤(d)包括将环附接到螺钉6的主体的具有较小直径的部分。
关于根据本发明第二实施例的假体组件10的制造,形成干涉几何结构50的步骤(d)包括向内折叠一个或多个与假体部件20一体的并分布在假体部件20的基部中的翼片,所述一个或多个翼片向内折叠,以与所述紧固螺钉60的主体的具有较小直径的部分62配合。
当制造根据本发明第三实施例的假体组件100时,形成干涉几何结构500的步骤(d)包括向内折叠假体元件200的下部的中空突出部,从而形成与紧固螺钉600的主体的具有较小直径的部分602配合的锥形元件。
图6A和6B示出了本发明第二实施例的假体部件的下边缘制造方法的一部分。最初,在形成干涉构件50之前,孔80的内径53等于假体部件20的下端50'的口径52'。在第二时刻,沿箭头AA'方向径向进入孔80的力压缩孔80的口部52的直径从而形成干涉构件50。
图7A和7B示出了当螺钉沿箭头C所示的方向运动时,在形成干涉构件50之后,紧固螺钉60在假体部件的下边缘的几何结构所限定的范围内的运动。螺钉60在最小(图7A中的线AA'所示)和最大距离(图7B中的线AA'所示)之间自由运动。最小点由紧固螺钉60的主体的较小直径部分62的表面61与干涉构件50的下表面51相接触而限定。最大点由紧固螺钉60的主体的较小直径部分62的相对表面67与干涉构件50的内表面57相接触而限定。
尽管已经根据优选实施例描述了本发明,但是显然本领域技术人员可以采用其他形式来获得类似的结果。例如,将干涉几何结构布置为紧固螺钉60的主体中的加宽部分而不是向内折叠到假体部件20的下部中。因此,本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求限制。
Claims (12)
1.一种适于与牙齿植入物(7、70)配合的假体组件(1、10、100),包括假体部件(2、20、200)和紧固螺钉(6、60、600),其特征在于,所述假体组件包括干涉几何结构(5、50、500),所述干涉几何结构(5、50、500)被设计为允许相对旋转、限制相对纵向运动并使所述假体部件(2、20、200)和所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)不可分离地连接;
其中,所述干涉几何结构包括所述假体部件的下表面(51),并且所述干涉几何结构与所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(62、602)配合;以及
其中,所述紧固螺钉(600)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(62、602)包括当扭矩施加在所述螺钉(6、60、600)上时,邻接所述干涉几何结构(5、50、500)的下表面(51)的表面(61)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件(1),其特征在于,所述干涉几何结构(5)包括在所述紧固螺钉(6)的主体的具有较小直径的部分中附接到所述紧固螺钉(6)的环。
3.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件(10),其特征在于,所述干涉几何结构(50)包括一个或多个与所述假体部件(20)一体形成的并且在所述假体部件(20)的基部周围径向分布的翼片,所述一个或多个翼片向内折叠,以与所述紧固螺钉(60)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(62)配合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件(100),其特征在于,所述干涉几何形状(500)包括所述假体部件(200)的下部的均匀的、锥形的并且中空的突出部,所述突出部向内折叠,以与所述紧固螺钉(600)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(602)配合。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的假体组件(1、10、100),其特征在于,所述假体部件(2、20、200)是以下类型中选择的类型:直的基台、有角度的基台、迷你锥形基台、UCLA、模拟物、直柱和有角度的柱。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的假体组件(1、10、100),其特征在于,所述假体部件(2、20、200)包括Morse锥形式的下部(3、30、300)。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的假体组件(1、10、100),其特征在于,所述假体部件(2、20、200)包括六角棱镜形式的防旋转几何结构(4、40、400)。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的假体组件(1、10、100),其特征在于,所述假体部件(2、20、200)包括八角棱镜形式的防旋转几何结构(4、40、400)。
9.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的假体组件(1、10、100)的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)形成具有中心孔(8、80)的假体部件(2、20、200),所述中心孔(8、80)用于接收紧固螺钉(6、60、600);
b)形成紧固螺钉(6、60、600),所述紧固螺钉的主体具有较小直径的部分(62、602);
c)将所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)插入所述假体部件(2、20、200)的中心孔(8、80)中;以及
d)在所述假体部件(2、20、200)的基部和所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)的主体之间形成干涉几何结构(5、50、500),所述干涉几何结构(5、50、500)允许相对旋转、限制相对纵向运动并使所述假体部件(2、20、200)与所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)不可分离地连接在一起,其中,所述干涉几何结构包括所述假体部件的下表面(51),并且所述干涉几何结构与所述紧固螺钉(6、60、600)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(62、602)配合;以及其中,所述紧固螺钉(600)的主体的具有较小直径的部分(62、602)包括当扭矩施加在所述螺钉(6、60、600)上时,邻接所述干涉几何结构(5、50、500)的下表面(51)的表面(61)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于制造假体组件(1)的方法,其特征在于,形成所述干涉几何结构(5)的步骤(d)包括将环附接到所述螺钉(6)的主体的具有较小直径的所述部分。
11.根据权利要求9所述的用于制造假体组件(10)的方法,其特征在于,形成所述干涉几何结构(50)的步骤(d)包括向内折叠一个或多个与所述假体部件(20)一体的并分布在所述假体部件(20)的基部中的翼片,所述一个或多个翼片向内折叠,以与所述紧固螺钉(60)的主体的直径较小的部分(62)配合。
12.根据权利要求9所述的用于制造假体组件(100)的方法,其特征在于,形成所述干涉几何结构(500)的步骤(d)包括向内折叠所述假体部件(200)的下部的中空突出部,从而形成锥形元件,所述锥形元件与所述紧固螺钉(600)的主体的直径较小的所述部分(602)配合。
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BR102016010184B1 (pt) | 2020-10-27 |
UY37227A (es) | 2017-11-30 |
CA3022766A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
MX2018013394A (es) | 2019-02-28 |
BR102016010184A2 (pt) | 2017-11-07 |
WO2017190207A1 (pt) | 2017-11-09 |
US10898301B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
CO2018011361A2 (es) | 2019-01-18 |
CL2018003030A1 (es) | 2019-02-15 |
US20190133719A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
AR108372A1 (es) | 2018-08-15 |
CA3022766C (en) | 2024-06-18 |
CN109414303A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
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